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Unified Science Volume 1: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry UNIFIED SCIENCE VOLUME 1: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY RICHARD L. LEWIS, PHD [email protected] UNIFICATION THOUGHT INSTITUTE JAPAN • KOREA • USA © 2013 Thank you True Parents CONTENTS Unified Science!.............................................................1 The Abstract Realm!......................................................3 Linear Extension!..........................................................................3 The integers!.................................................................................3 Passive and active!.......................................................................5 Primes!..........................................................................................7 Infinity of infinities!.........................................................................8 Transcendental numbers!............................................................10 Distribution of the primes!...........................................................12 Circular Rotation!.......................................................................13 The (co)sine function!..................................................................14 Waves!.........................................................................................16 Complex numbers!.....................................................................23 The Rotation Operator!................................................................24 Harmonic Primes!........................................................................29 Abstract Hierarchy!....................................................................31 Emotional waves!........................................................................32 Structure of Man!.........................................................................33 The Physical Realm!.....................................................36 Fundamental Entities!................................................................37 External Particle!.........................................................................37 Internal Wave!.............................................................................43 Internal and External!..................................................................51 The Bosons!................................................................................61 The Fermions!.............................................................................67 The Fundamental Forces!...........................................................76 Thermal Radiation!......................................................................99 Goldilocks Wave!.......................................................................103 Eden of the Elements!..............................................................105 Time and history!.......................................................................105 Primordial Atoms!......................................................................106 Stars!.........................................................................................108 Atoms and Chemistry!.............................................................121 Orbitals!.....................................................................................123 Hydrogen!..................................................................................125 Character of subsystem!...........................................................128 The Noble Gases!.....................................................................131 Alkali Metals!.............................................................................132 The Halogens!...........................................................................137 Oxygen family!..........................................................................138 Nitrogen family!.........................................................................142 Carbon family!...........................................................................143 Iron!...........................................................................................146 Excited atoms!...........................................................................151 Eden for Molecules!..................................................................157 The Anthropic multiverse!..........................................................157 The earth!..................................................................................160 Hierarchical Logos!..................................................................162 Emergent inherited properties!..................................................163 2nd Scientific Revolution!..........................................................167 Sampling the wave!..................................................................171 UNIFIED SCIENCE This work is a presentation of the author’s concept of a scientific worldview based on the Divine Principle (theological) and Unification Thought (philosophical) worldview as first taught by the Reverend Sun Myung Moon. This worldview embraces three great realms that, together, make up the Cosmos: 1. The Abstract Realm. This is where God, the Natural Laws and the Mind reside. 2. The Physical Realm. The objective reality in which we have a physical mind and body. We are born, we grow up, and we die. 3. The Spiritual Realm. The objective reality in which we have the spiritual mind and body we developed while in the physical realm. We exist here without end. Current scientific understanding of the Abstract Realm is restricted to mathematics. The exploration of the Physical Realm is well developed, and will be the main focus of this work. Current scientific understanding of the Spiritual Realm is almost zero although, as we shall see later, a start might just have been made in exploring this realm. It is not our intention to prove current science ‘wrong.’ It is, however, our intention to show that current science is incomplete; that it is a subset of a larger picture. The Unification view as presented here has four important implications for current science: 1. That spacetime is a two-sided entity, and that the physical realm only inhabits only one side of it. 2. That natural law is a sophisticated, not simple, abstract construct that is mathematically- similar to spacetime. 3. That it is incorrect to ignore the quantum wavefunction aspect of physical systems in all the sciences except physics and chemistry. 4. That living systems involve the RNA-controlled interplay of analog form and digital memory. Their evolution history is driven by accumulated wisdom, not by chance-and accident. Each of these four points will be explored in detail as the discussion progresses. Science and religion take the opposite tack in their attempts to explain the world we live in. Religion is a ‘top-down, big-picture’ discipline; it starts with God and works downwards to 1 dealing with simpler matters. Science is a bottom-up discipline; it starts at the bottom with the simplest things, and works upward towards comprehending the big-picture. This work takes the scientific approach, so God will only appear towards the end of the discussion, not at the start. We will find it necessary, however, to replace the vague and simple concept of Natural Law with a much more sophisticated and mathematically well-defined entity we will call the Logos. Only towards the end of this work will we need to discuss how and why such a sophisticated abstract entity as the Logos came into existence. Only the natural law Logos which is immutable and unchanging will be necessary to understand the structure and history of the physical realm up to the origin of Man. We will not have to invoke any direct action of God, a view that is compatible with religious history and the obvious immense difficulty that God has in directly influencing events in the physical realm. In the final section we will briefly discuss the reasons for such a ‘hands-off’ approach to the creation and running of the physical realm. We start with the very basic question of all: Why is there ‘something’ rather than ‘nothing’ and why we have to include an Abstract Realm if we want to aspire to a complete picture of the ‘something’ we find ourselves in. Unified Science • p. 2 THE ABSTRACT REALM While there is probably a technical term in philosophy for the simplest of entities that inhabit the Abstract Realm, here I shall just use the term ‘concept.’ We start with two concepts: that of ‘absolutely nothing’ and ‘a set.’ The concept of a set and what it contains is a fundamental concept. It is commonplace in language where the word ‘humans’ is the set of all humans, ‘cows’ the set of all cows, ‘integers’ is the set of all counting numbers, etc. It could also be a set of simpler sets. The contents of a set are usually placed inside two curly brackets and separated by commas; so the word ‘cows’ is the set {cow1, cow2… cowN} while the integers are the set {1, 2, 3, ….} —the first being a finite set while the second is an unbounded set as there is always a larger integer. LINEAR EXTENSION ‘Absolutely nothing’ is the concept we call the empty set, the null set and its symbol is {} and it is said to have zero, 0, members. Any set whose members can be put in a one-to-one correspondence (1to1) with this set is said to be of count, or size, zero, the integer (the counting numbers) symbolized by 0. This null set is now made the member of a second set, a set with a single member, the null set. Any set that can be put into 1to1 with this is said to have one member, the integer 1.
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