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A Case Study of English in Thai Songs

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A Case Study of English in Thai Songs A STUDY OF THE USE OF ENGLISH: A CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH IN THAI SONGS BY MISS JUTHARAT NAWARUNGREUNG A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF LIBERAL ARTS THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC YEAR 2015 COPYRIGHT OF THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY A STUDY OF THE USE OF ENGLISH: A CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH IN THAI SONGS BY MISS JUTHARAT NAWARUNGREUNG A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF LIBERAL ARTS THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC YEAR 2015 COPYRIGHT OF THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF LIBERAL ARTS DISSERTATION BY MISS JUTHARA T NA WARUNGREUNG ENTITLED A STUDY OF THE USE OF ENGLISH: A CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH IN THAI SONGS was approved as partial fulfillmentof the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy on August , 2016 Chairman (Asst. Prof. Dr.Passapong Sripicham, Ph.D.) Member and Advisor (Assoc. Prof. Dr.Nantawan Chuarayapratibk, Ph.D) Member (Dr.Torpong Jamtawee, Ph.D.) Member (Asst. Prof. Dr.Kwanjira Chatpunnarangsee, Ph.D.) Member .__g � �� st. Prof. J.engchan Hemchua, Ph.D.) Dean I /}4n,yp/f!_ (Assoc. Prof. D2ong Aduny:Zgun, Ph.D.) (3) Thesis Title A STUDY OF THE USE OF ENGLISH: A CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH IN THAI SONGS Author Miss Jutharat Nawarungreung Degree Doctor of Philosophy Major Field/Faculty/University English Language Studies Faculty of Liberal Arts Thammasat University Thesis Advisor Assoc. Prof. Nantawan Chuarayapratib, Ph.D. Academic Years 2015 ABSTRACT As an international language, English is used as a medium in various settings such as music and entertainment. The number of non-native users is continuously increasing around the world. People often use English for communication when they speak different mother tongues. Communication between non-native users and native speakers, as well as among non-natives themselves, leads to a wide variety of types of English. This can lead to problems of intelligibility. This research principally has aimed to determine the level of comprehensibility of English inserted in Thai popular music. The research comprised four groups of participants: Thais; non-native speakers of English who are not Thai citizens; native English speakers; and lyricists. The research tools included song lyrics, music videos, interviews, and a questionnaire. The study has shown that those who attained the highest level of understanding of the English words in Thai songs were Thais, followed by non-native speakers of English who were non-Thais. The lowest level of understanding was among native speakers of English. Songs showed positive side of World Englishes. Even though English in (4) Thai popular songs was different from standard English, participants could understand it. Keywords: Attitudes , English in Thai songs, intelligibility, popular music, World Englishes (5) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The completion of this dissertation has been possible because of the assistance of many people. First of all, I would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Nantawan Chuarayapratib, Ph.D., my dissertation’s advisor, for her tireless support and valuable guidance. Also, I would like to express my gratitude to my committee members, Asst. Prof. Passapong Sripicharn, Ph.D., Asst. Prof. Kwanjira Chatpannarangsee, Ph.D., Torpong Jamtawee, Ph.D., and the external examiner, Asst. Prof. Saengchan Hemchua, Ph.D. for their contribution towards this dissertation. In addition, I would like to thank Asst. Prof. Thomas Radzienda, the valuable proofreader of this dissertation. His contribution, comments and supports are always beneficial. Moreover, I would like to thank to Asst. Prof. Sirinna Boonyasaquan, my bachelor degree’s advisor at Srinakharinwirot University, who always supports and encourages me until the completion of the Ph.D. program and also to all of lecturers of the Western Department, Faculty of Humanities, Srinakharinwirot University for their supports. Last but not least, I wish to express my thanks to all of my participants for their unlimited help until the success of the dissertation. My thank also expands to Asst. Prof. Somboon Pojprasat, Ph.D., a lecturer of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, Mahidol University, Miss Khanittha Thaicharoen, and Miss Tanatorn Ubolsathit, for their fruitful help and advice throughout the way to complete the program including their great friendship. (6) The most important thanks are to my dear parents who are always beside me anytime. All completions are from your love, care and understanding. Miss Jutharat Nawarungreung (7) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ( 3) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ( 5) LIST OF TABLES ( 11) LIST OF FIGURES ( 12) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of the study 1 1.2 Statement of the problem 4 1.3 Purpose of the study 5 1.4 Scope of the study 6 1.5 Significance of the study 7 1.6 The value of songs as sources for studying varieties of English 7 1.7 Objectives 9 1.8 Research questions 9 1.9 Definitions of terms 10 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 12 2.1 Characteristics of Thai language 12 2.1.1 How English came into Thai language 12 2.1.2 How English is used in Thai language 15 2.1.3 Influence of mixture of foreign languages in Thai language 15 2.2 Thai English 16 2.2.1 Thai English in written contexts 21 2.3 Theoretical frameworks 27 (8) 2.3.1 World Englishes 27 2.3.1.1 Definitions 27 2.3.1.2 Kachru’s model of types of World Englishes 27 2.3.1.3 Previous studies 29 2.3.2 Intelligibility 32 2.3.2.1 Previous studies 33 2.3.3 Pronunciation 35 2.3.3.1 Definitions 35 2.3.3.2 The importance of intelligibility English pronunciation 35 2.3.3.3 Elements of English pronunciation 36 2.3.3.4 Elements of Thai pronunciation 40 2.3.3.5 Previous studies 42 2.3.4 Nativization 48 2.4 Word stress 50 2.4.1 Stress problems for Thai EFL learners 51 2.4.2 Previous studies 52 2.5 Attitudes 54 2.6 Assessment based on native speakers of English 60 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 62 3.1 Research design 62 3.2 Participants 62 3.3 Research instruments and triangulation 70 3.4 Data collection 74 3.5 Data analysis 76 3.6 Measurement to reliable of the research 79 3.7 Pilot study 80 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 102 4.1 Research question 1 106 (9) 4.2 Research question 2 135 4.3 Research question 3 216 4.4 Research question 4 237 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 241 5.1 Conclusion 241 5.2 Pedagogical implications 243 5.2.1 Raising the awareness on varieties of English 245 5.2.2 Teaching pronunciation 249 5.2.3 Teaching vocabulary 251 5.2.4 Materials selection 252 5.3 Suggestions for further studies 252 REFERENCES 254 APPENDICES APPENDIX A 279 APPENDIX B 280 APPENDIX C 282 APPENDIX D 284 APPENDIX E 287 APPENDIX F 288 APPENDIX G 290 APPENDIX H 291 APPENDIX I 293 APPENDIX J 294 APPENDIX K 295 APPENDIX L 296 APPENDIX M 298 APPENDIX N 299 (10) APPENDIX O 314 APPENDIX P 318 BIOGRAPHY 328 (11) LIST OF TABLES Tables Page 2.1 Monophthong 39 2.2 Diphthong 40 2.3 Non-existence of English sounds in Thai 44 3.1 Participants’ pseudonym 69 3.2 English consonant sounds 84 3.3 English consonant sound in the initial position 85 3.4 English consonant sound in the final position 86 3.5 Substitution of English consonant sound in the initial position 86 3.6 Substitution of English consonant sound in the final position 87 3.7 Substitution of English consonant cluster 89 3.8 Replacement of English vowel sound 91 3.9 Replacement of English voiced sound 93 3.10 Participants’ attitudes 97 4.1 Participants’ scores of correct answers 104 4.2 Participants’ scores of incorrect answers 105 (12) LIST OF FIGURES Figures Page 2.1 Kachru’s model of World Englishes 28 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION English is an important international language of the world. It is used for different purposes such as communication in trade and business (Crystal, 2003) and a lingua franca for speakers of different mother tongues. English is also used in education such as English for academic purposes (EAP) and English for specific purposes (ESP). Additionally, it is used to distinguish users’ type of language acquisition (Kachru, 1989) such as English as a second language (ESL) and English as a foreign language (EFL). With regards to technology, English is a main language for accessing online information over the Internet from around the world. Furthermore, it is embedded in media to convey messages to large audiences especially through newspapers, radio and television. 1.1 Background of the study The role of English has changed dramatically over time. Originally, it was mainly used in the daily life of native speakers of English until the colonial period. At that time, English was spread around the world by British colonizers. This was the expansion of language users’ contact with English outside native English countries. In the last hundred years, innovation and globalization have become important factors spreading English throughout the world. Due to these factors, the number of non-native speakers of English has been increasing (Crystal, 2003). In the present time, the number of non-native speakers of English in the world is larger than the number of native speakers of English (Crystal, 2003). This circumstance implies that English does not solely belong to its native speakers anymore, but to everyone in the world who uses it. 2 English in this period is unique because characteristics such as accent, pronunciation and syntax differ under various circumstances.
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