CAMBODIA MSME 2/BEE PROJECT CAMBODIA HONEY VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT TASK ORDER NO. 04 MAY, 2009 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Meang Sotha and Andrew McNaughton for the Cambodia MSME CAMBODIA MSME 2/BEE PROJECT CAMBODIA HONEY VALUE CHAIN ASSESSMENT TASK ORDER NO. 04 Program Title: Strengthening Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Cambodia Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Cambodia Contract Number: EEM-I-00-07-00009-00/04 Contractor: DAI Date of Publication: May 2009 Author: Andrew McNaughton and Meang Sotha, for the Cambodia MSME 2/BEE project The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Cambodia Honey Value Chain Assessment May 2009 Professional Honey Hunters and Bee Keepers in Siem Reap Province, with Apis dorsata Nest Salvaged from a Forest Fire Prepared for the USAID Cambodia MSME Project Meang Sotha [email protected] Andrew McNaughton [email protected] Contents List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Acknowledgements and Disclaimer .......................................................................................................... 6 1. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................... 7 2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 10 3. Keystone Species, Honeybees, Conservation, and Livelihoods .......................................................... 12 4. The Cambodian Honey Value chain .................................................................................................... 12 Honeybee Species Found in Cambodia ................................................................................................... 12 Honey Hunting for Apis dorsata .............................................................................................................. 13 Honey Hunting for Other Bee Species .................................................................................................... 13 Beekeeping.............................................................................................................................................. 14 Actual and Potential Magnitude of the Industry .................................................................................... 14 Participants in the Value chain ............................................................................................................... 15 Quality of Cambodian Honey .................................................................................................................. 18 Typical Prices Paid for Cambodia Honey at Value Chain segments ........................................................ 19 Retail Sales of Honey in Cambodia at the Supermarket Level ................................................................ 21 Strengths and Weaknesses at Each Value chain Level. .......................................................................... 23 5. Regulatory and Support Framework ................................................................................................... 24 Government of Cambodia Programs and Policies .................................................................................. 24 Donor and NGO Programs ...................................................................................................................... 24 The Private Sector ................................................................................................................................... 25 Financial Services .................................................................................................................................... 25 6. Results of Field-Work in Target landscapes ........................................................................................ 26 Kampong Saum Bay ............................................................................................................................ 26 Chhloung Protected Area, Kratie Province ......................................................................................... 27 Prey Long Area, Kampong Thom ......................................................................................................... 28 Boeung Per .......................................................................................................................................... 30 7. Scope for MSME Project Interventions ............................................................................................... 32 Basics ....................................................................................................................................................... 32 The Danau Sentarum Experience, an Indonesian Example .................................................................... 32 Intervention Logic ................................................................................................................................... 33 Assessment of Suitability of Target Locations for Project Interventions ................................................ 39 Implementation ...................................................................................................................................... 41 8. Annexes ............................................................................................................................................... 44 Annex 1: Retail Products and Price Data ................................................................................................ 44 Annex 2. Summary Notes from Village Visits .......................................................................................... 45 Annex 3. Parameters for Ranking Sites ................................................................................................... 51 Annex 4: List of Persons Met .................................................................................................................. 53 Annex 5. List of Villages Visited with Honey Activity .............................................................................. 55 Annex 6: Bibliography for Honey Value Chain Assessment .................................................................... 57 List of Acronyms ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency CBCL Cambodia Biologicals Co. Ltd. CBO Community-based organization CFA Community Forestry Association CFI Community Forestry International CFiA Community Fishery Association CMU Chiang Mai University CPA Community Protected Area Danida Danish International Development Agency FA Forest Administration FAO UN Food and Agricultural Organization FOB Free on board GIS Geographic information system GPS Global positioning system GTZ German Agency for Technical Cooperation HMF Hydroxymethylfurfural ICIMOD International Centre for Mountain Development. IFOAM International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements kg Kilogram KHR Cambodian Riel (1 USD = 4100 KHR) MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Fisheries MFI Micro-finance institution MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise NGO Non governmental organization NTFP Non timber forest product NTFP-EP NTFP Exchange Program RGC Royal Government of Cambodia SMART Simple, measureable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound UMF Unique manuka factor USAID US Agency for International Development. USD US dollar USDA US Department of Agriculture WWF World-wide Fund for Nature y Year 5 Acknowledgements and Disclaimer The authors wish to thank the many villagers in the four study areas, who gave us their time and trusted us with information about their livelihoods. We hope that this study will lead to results which will serve their aspirations for the wellbeing of their families. Staff of local NGOs in the field, and officials of local government agencies, helped the study greatly by identifying and guiding us to communities where wild honey is an important component of their livelihoods. The Management and Staff of the MSME project gave valuable support, direction, and encouragement throughout the work. The special contribution of Robert Bouvier of DAI is gratefully acknowledged. He provided guidance on the role of spatial information and GIS technology in the proposed monitoring work. The Alaskan beekeeper and tropical honeybee expert Stephen Petersen made significant contributions to the conceptualization and implementation of the work, in his role as guest researcher. We acknowledge the support of the American People, whose elected representatives recognize the great need on this planet for balancing biodiversity conservation with sustainable and equitable development. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of DAI or USAID. We accept responsibility for any errors or omissions, and invite comment from interested parties. 1. Executive Summary 1. Under Congressional mandate, the MSME project has a concern for conservation of biodiversity. Forest biodiversity conservation in Cambodia requires the active participation of local communities, given the limited resources of government. It depends fundamentally on the ability of local residents to gain livelihoods from the resources