sign in sign up
<<
Home , Western Union (alliance)

Milestones of the EU security policy development After the WWII

• how to deal with the risks – Germany and Soviet Union – Brussels Treaty (Western Union) (1948) – NATO (1949) – European Coal and Steal Community (1951) – European Defence Community (negotiated 1950-54) • including a European Political Community due to democratic control of armed forces – Western (1954)

• two branches – NATO a EEC/EC/EU

• how to deal with the decline of former powers – and UK? – Suez Crisis a two responses

2 Beginning of cooperation in the 1970s

• not on military matters – still strictly within NATO

• rising influence of the Commission in foreign policy – trade, development, – oil crises and Helsinki proces

• European Political Cooperation (1970)

• internal security cooperation – mid-1970s – TREVI group (e.g. terrorism, drugs, research and technology, organised crime)

3 After the

• 1986

• formalisation through Maastricht – pillar structure

• military cooperation – possible, but not actual – lack of agreement among MSs (EU v. NATO, neutrality) – cooperation with WEU

• internal security – – Amsterdam – partial communitarisation

4 Establishing ESDP/CSDP

• new geopolitical context

• regional conflicts in

• St. Malo summit (December 1998) – autonomous EU capacity to decide and act – where NATO as a whole is not involved – without unnecessary duplications

5 Increasing efficiency

• main principles remain the same – role of the MSs – incremental creation of common capacities at the EU level – unanimity in CFSP

• reforms – communitarisation of the third pillar – new institutions • HR for foreign affairs and security policy • EEAS • crisis management units within Council / EEAS – cooperation with NATO and other organisations

6 CFSP/CSDP institutional structure

7 Source: J. Rehrl & H.-B. Weisserth: Handbook on CSDP. Wien: BMLVS, 2010. Military planning

8 Source: Council of the EU: European Union Concept for Military Planning at the Political and Strategic Level. Doc. 10687/08, Brussels, 16.6.2008. New initiatives after 2014

• internal and external crises – Ukraine, Syria, Libya – migration crisis – terrorist attacks throughout the EU (notably France and )

• EU Global Strategy for foreign and security policy (2016) – implementation plan for defence (November 2016) • • CARD – Coordinated Annual Review on Defence • PESCO – Permanent Structured Cooperation

9 Budget

• limitations in the primary law – EU budget cannot cover military expenditures – BUT establishment of the EDF in 2017

• “costs lie where they fall” principle

• EU budget – common costs of civilian missions – internal security agencies

• MSs‘ contributions based on GNP – CSDP agencies – common costs of military operations (involved countries) – Athena mechanism 10