CODE of CONDUCT “ Our Reputation, Our Brand, and the Trust of Our Stakeholders Are Irreplaceable Assets We All Must Protect.”
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Hikmet Ersek President, CEO, and Director
Hikmet Ersek President, CEO, and Director Hikmet Ersek is the President and CEO of Western Union, a leader in global money transfer and payments. He was born on August 11, 1960 in Istanbul, Turkey, to an Austrian Catholic mother and a Turkish Muslim father. Ersek spent his early years in both Istanbul and Vienna, providing the foundation for the cross-cultural competence that has become a signature of his business career. With more than 30 years of executive experience in financial services, Ersek joined Western Union in 1999 and became CEO in 2010 of one of the most global companies in the world. Under Ersek’s leadership, Western Union has successfully diversified its business to become a global payments company, with cross-border offerings for individuals, small businesses, NGOs, educational institutions, financial institutions and others, backed by investments in best-in-class compliance and anti- money laundering operations. Ersek has been committed to evolving the company to meet the needs of customers worldwide. He spearheaded the growth of Western Union’s innovative digital platform, which enables customers & businesses to quickly move money online, on mobile & through social media. The integration of this digital platform with the company’s vast retail network gives the company a unique ability to serve customers across the online and offline worlds. Today, Western Union moves about $300 billion per year in nearly 130 currencies and serves about 150 million customers in 200 countries and territories and processes 34 transactions every second. Ersek’s career in financial services began with Europay/MasterCard in Austria in 1986. -
A Comparative Historical Study of the Development of a European Army Written by Snezhana Stadnik
A Comparative Historical Study of the Development of a European Army Written by Snezhana Stadnik This PDF is auto-generated for reference only. As such, it may contain some conversion errors and/or missing information. For all formal use please refer to the official version on the website, as linked below. A Comparative Historical Study of the Development of a European Army https://www.e-ir.info/2016/05/12/a-comparative-historical-study-of-the-development-of-a-european-army/ SNEZHANA STADNIK, MAY 12 2016 Has the Time Come? – A Comparative Historical Study of the Obstacles Facing the Development of a European Army Almost 70 years ago, a polity was created which instituted a legacy of peace among incessantly warring states. This remarkable feat, a collection of nation-states called the European Union (EU), has been the object of much research and observation. Starting off as an economic community, then growing into a new kind of federalist suprastate, 28 countries today have come together to participate in the blurring of national borders, achieving more success in market integration than foreign and security policy. This hybrid system of supranationalism and intergovernmentalism is incrementally evolving as decision-makers create and refine institutions and mechanisms to respond to needs, ultimately moving the Union forward. One such decision-maker, European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker, recently re-surfaced an important issue: the need for a European army.[1] This has not been the first time that an influential European official has called for such a development. Every decade, the issue is revisited, with German Chancellor Angel Merkel recently wishing for a European army on her birthday.[2] Despite many developments in defense and security policy in the last several decades, one thing remains certain: the same underlying reasons that historically precluded the development of a supranational European army remain relevant today. -
Death of an Institution: the End for Western European Union, a Future
DEATH OF AN INSTITUTION The end for Western European Union, a future for European defence? EGMONT PAPER 46 DEATH OF AN INSTITUTION The end for Western European Union, a future for European defence? ALYSON JK BAILES AND GRAHAM MESSERVY-WHITING May 2011 The Egmont Papers are published by Academia Press for Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations. Founded in 1947 by eminent Belgian political leaders, Egmont is an independent think-tank based in Brussels. Its interdisciplinary research is conducted in a spirit of total academic freedom. A platform of quality information, a forum for debate and analysis, a melting pot of ideas in the field of international politics, Egmont’s ambition – through its publications, seminars and recommendations – is to make a useful contribution to the decision- making process. *** President: Viscount Etienne DAVIGNON Director-General: Marc TRENTESEAU Series Editor: Prof. Dr. Sven BISCOP *** Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations Address Naamsestraat / Rue de Namur 69, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Phone 00-32-(0)2.223.41.14 Fax 00-32-(0)2.223.41.16 E-mail [email protected] Website: www.egmontinstitute.be © Academia Press Eekhout 2 9000 Gent Tel. 09/233 80 88 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.academiapress.be J. Story-Scientia NV Wetenschappelijke Boekhandel Sint-Kwintensberg 87 B-9000 Gent Tel. 09/225 57 57 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.story.be All authors write in a personal capacity. Lay-out: proxess.be ISBN 978 90 382 1785 7 D/2011/4804/136 U 1612 NUR1 754 All rights reserved. -
Birth of NATO a Touch-And-Go Operation
“60 Years of NATO” It is often said that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was founded in response to the threat posed by the Soviet Union. This is only partially true. In fact, the Alliance’s creation was part of a broader effort to serve three purposes: deterring Soviet expansionism, forbidding the revival of nationalist militarism in Europe through a strong North American presence on the continent, and encouraging European political integration. The aftermath of World War II saw much of Europe devastated in a way that is now difficult to envision. Approximately 36.5 million Europeans had died in the conflict, 19 million of them civilians. Refugee camps and rationing dominated daily life. In some areas, infant mortality rates were one in four. Millions of orphans wandered the burnt-out shells of former metropolises. In the German city of Hamburg alone, half a million people were homeless. In addition, Communists aided by the Soviet Union were threatening elected governments across Europe. In February 1948, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, with covert backing from the Soviet Union, overthrew the democratically elected government in that country. Then, in reaction to the democratic consolidation of West Germany, the Soviets blockaded Allied-controlled West Berlin in a bid to consolidate their hold on the German capital. The heroism of the Berlin Airlift provided future Allies with some solace, but privation remained a grave threat to freedom and stability. A treaty for our age Fortunately, by then the United States had turned its back on its traditional policy of diplomatic isolationism. Aid provided through the US-funded Marshall Plan and other means fostered a degree of economic stabilisation. -
The-Origins-Of-Finabel-03.12-1-1.Pdf
This paper was drawn up by Georges Clementz under the supervision and guidance of Mr Mario Blokken, Director of the Permanent Secretariat. This Food for Thought paper is a document that gives an initial reflection on the theme. The content is not reflecting the positions of the member states but consists of elements that can initiate and feed the discussions and analyses in the domain of the theme. All our studies are available on www.finabel.org THE ORIGINS OF FINABEL (1953–1957) In the wake of the Second World War, Euro- peans quickly became aware of the dilemma they faced concerning their collective secu- rity, namely the balance between autonomy and dependence - fate and freedom of ac- tion1. The debate over European cooperation and subordination of European defence to the Atlantic defence structure is thus old. It dates back to the first years of the Cold War with the creation of NATO in 1949. Even though the idea of a European defence took shape with the Treaty of Brussels (1948), the European Defence Community (1950) and then the Western European Union (1954), European security would remain, through- du Finabel” -“Blason Wikipedia out the Cold War, under the umbrella of the United States, in a confrontation with Rus- sia based on “mutually assured destruction”. better interoperability, non-duplication, and These various defence cooperation initiatives better efficiency in defence, balanced between were essential for countering the Soviet threat the Atlantic and the European logics and, in and are at the very core of the debate previ- fine, of major importance regarding strategic ously mentioned. -
Western European Union (WEU)
Western European Union (WEU) Source: CVCE. European NAvigator. Étienne Deschamps. Copyright: (c) CVCE.EU by UNI.LU All rights of reproduction, of public communication, of adaptation, of distribution or of dissemination via Internet, internal network or any other means are strictly reserved in all countries. Consult the legal notice and the terms and conditions of use regarding this site. URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/western_european_union_weu-en-73277207-d250- 41c5-8960-1d8bce9f11aa.html Last updated: 08/07/2016 1/2 Western European Union On 17 March 1948, the United Kingdom, France and the Benelux countries signed the Treaty of Brussels establishing Western Union, which provided for a system of automatic mutual assistance in the event of armed aggression in Europe. The Treaty was amended by the Paris Accords of 23 October 1954, following the failure of the European Defence Community (EDC). The Paris Accords, which were seen as an alternative solution to the failed plan for a European army, established Western European Union (WEU). They marked the end to the occupation of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and endorsed the accession of West Germany and Italy to the Brussels Treaty. Alongside the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs that already existed, the new Treaty created a consultative parliamentary Assembly, an Agency for the Control of Armaments, and a Standing Armaments Committee. In order not to offend European public opinion, which was still hostile towards a now officially authorised German rearmament, the Paris Accords prohibited Germany from manufacturing or acquiring ABC (atomic, biological or chemical) weapons of mass destruction. This time, the French National Assembly accepted the rearmament of West Germany. -
European Army Or Fort Trump? the Case of Polish Participation in Headquarters Eurocorps in the Issue of Multinational Military Echelons in the 21St Century
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive DSpace Repository Theses and Dissertations 1. Thesis and Dissertation Collection, all items 2019-06 EUROPEAN ARMY OR FORT TRUMP? THE CASE OF POLISH PARTICIPATION IN HEADQUARTERS EUROCORPS IN THE ISSUE OF MULTINATIONAL MILITARY ECHELONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Bohnsack, Heiko Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/62796 Downloaded from NPS Archive: Calhoun NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS EUROPEAN ARMY OR FORT TRUMP? THE CASE OF POLISH PARTICIPATION IN HEADQUARTERS EUROCORPS IN THE ISSUE OF MULTINATIONAL MILITARY ECHELONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY by Heiko Bohnsack June 2019 Thesis Advisor: Donald Abenheim Second Reader: Uwe Hartmann Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Form Approved OMB REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED (Leave blank) June 2019 Master's thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS EUROPEAN ARMY OR FORT TRUMP? THE CASE OF POLISH PARTICIPATION IN HEADQUARTERS EUROCORPS IN THE ISSUE OF MULTINATIONAL MILITARY ECHELONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY 6. -
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization the Origins of NATO the NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION
The Origins of N A TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION European Economic Recovery power production), and dollar reserves to pay for necessary and European Integration imports. The war had rent the social fabric of many nations, setting social class against social class and ethnic group n the aftermath of the total defeat of Nazi Germany in against ethnic group. Political tensions were exacerbated by 1945, Europe struggled to recover from the ravages of the participation of many Europeans in collaborationist occupation and war. The wartime Grand Alliance be- regimes and others in armed resistance. Masses of Europe- tweenI the Western democracies and the Soviet Union ans, radicalized by the experience of war and German collapsed, and postwar negotiations for a peace settlement occupation, demanded major social and economic change foundered in the Council of Foreign Ministers. By 1947 and appeared ready to enforce these demands with violence. peace treaties with Italy and the defeated Axis satellites were The national Communist Parties of Western Europe stood finally concluded after protracted and acrimonious negotia- ready to exploit this discontent in order to advance the aims tions between the former allies, but the problem of a divided of the Soviet Union.2 and occupied Germany remained unsettled. U.S. leaders were acutely aware of both the dangers of In April 1947 Secretary of State George Marshall re- renewed conflict in Europe and of their ability to influence turned from a frustrating round of negotiations in the the shape of a postwar European political and social order. Council of Foreign Ministers in Moscow to report that the Fresh from the wartime experience of providing major United States and the Soviet Union were at loggerheads over Lend-Lease aid to allied nations and assistance to millions of a prescription for the future of central Europe and that the refugees through the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Soviets appeared ready to drag out talks. -
Forging the Weapon: the Origins of SHAPE
“Forging the weapon” the origins oF shape La genèse du shape An exhibition celebrating Une exposition qui aura lieu à l’occasion the first public disclosure de la première mise en lecture publique of SHAPE historical documents. de documents historiques du SHAPE. Official launch & cocktail reception Ouverture officielle & réception 7 December 2012 at 11.45 7 décembre 2012 à 11h45 NATO HQ Press Hall Hall de presse de l’OTAN 1705-12 NATO Graphics & Printing www.nato.int/archives/SHAPE The short film ALLIANCE FOR PEACE (1953) and rare film footage chronicling the historical events related to the creation of SHAPE Le court-métrage ALLIANCE FOR PEACE (1953) et des séquences rares qui relatent les événements historiques concernant la genèse de SHAPE. Forging the weapon The origins of SHAPE The NATO Archives and the SHAPE Historical Office would like to gratefully acknowledge the support of SHAPE Records and Registry, the NATO AIM Printing and Graphics Design team, the NATO PDD video editors, the Imperial War Museum, and the archives of the National Geographic Society, all of whom contributed invaluable assistance and material for this exhibition. Les Archives de l’OTAN et le Bureau historique du SHAPE tiennent à expriment toute leur reconnaissance aux Archives et au Bureau d’ordre du SHAPE, à l’équipe Impression et travaux graphiques de l’AIM de l’OTAN, aux monteurs vidéo de la PDD de l’OTAN, à l’Imperial War Museum et au service des archives de la National Geographic Society, pour leur précieuse assistance ainsi que pour le matériel mis à disposition aux fins de cette exposition. -
The Dilemma of NATO Strategy, 1949-1968 a Dissertation Presented
The Dilemma of NATO Strategy, 1949-1968 A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Robert Thomas Davis II August 2008 © 2008 Robert Thomas Davis II All Rights Reserved ii This dissertation titled The Dilemma of NATO Strategy, 1949-1968 by ROBERT THOMAS DAVIS II has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by ______________________________ Peter John Brobst Associate Professor of History ______________________________ Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences iii Abstract DAVIS, ROBERT THOMAS II, Ph.D., August 2008, History The Dilemma of NATO Strategy, 1949-1968 (422 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Peter John Brobst This study is a reappraisal of the strategic dilemma of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in the Cold War. This dilemma revolves around the problem of articulating a strategic concept for a military alliance in the nuclear era. NATO was born of a perceived need to defend Western Europe from a Soviet onslaught. It was an imperative of the early alliance to develop a military strategy and force posture to defend Western Europe should such a war break out. It was not long after the first iteration of strategy took shape than the imperative for a military defense of Europe receded under the looming threat of thermonuclear war. The advent of thermonuclear arsenals in both the United States and Soviet Union brought with it the potential destruction of civilization should war break out. This realization made statesmen on both sides of the Iron Curtain undergo what has been referred to as an ongoing process of nuclear learning. -
Germany and the Middle East Interests and Options
Volker Perthes (ed.) GERMANY AND THE MIDDLE EAST INTERESTS AND OPTIONS Published by the Heinrich Böll Foundation in co-operation with Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik Volker Perthes (ed.), Germany and the Middle East. Interests and Options, published by the Heinrich Böll Foundation in co-operation with Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik First edition, Berlin 2002 © Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung; Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik Design: push, Berlin Printing: Druckhaus Köthen ISBN 3-927760-42-0 Contact address: Heinrich Böll Foundation, Hackesche Höfe, Rosenthaler Straße 40/41, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Tel. +49 - 30 - 285 340; E-mail: [email protected]; Internet: www.boell.de CONTENTS Publisher’s Foreword 7 Editor’s Foreword 9 1. Hermann Gröhe, Christoph Moosbauer, Volker Perthes, Christian Sterzing Evenhanded, not neutral: Points of reference for a German Middle East policy 11 2. Christian Sterzing, Jörn Böhme German and European contributions to the Israeli-Palestinian peace process 29 3. Volker Perthes The advantages of complementarity: US and European policies towards the Middle East peace process 53 4. Andreas Reinicke German-Israeli relations 76 5. Volker Perthes “Barcelona” and the German role in the Mediterranean Partnership 90 6. Christoph Moosbauer Relations with the Persian Gulf states 108 7. Volker Perthes Relations to the Arab World 129 8. Volkmar Wenzel North Africa and the Middle East in German security policy 140 9. Christian Sterzing German arms exports: A policy caught between morality and national interest 172 10. Volker Perthes German economic interests and economic co-operation with the Middle East and North African countries 187 11. Hermann Gröhe Human rights and democracy as aims of German foreign policy in relation to the states of the MENA region 204 Appendix 219 List of contributors 223 PUBLISHER’S FOREWORD North Africa and the Middle East, our neighbours across the Mediterranean, are linked to the EU and thus to Germany as well. -
Diaspora As Development Actors: a Source of Human and Social Capital for Local Development in Turkey
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2014 Diaspora As Development Actors: A Source Of Human And Social Capital For Local Development In Turkey Meryem Senay Ataselim Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/10 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] DIASPORA AS DEVELOPMENT ACTORS: A SOURCE OF HUMAN AND SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY by MERYEM ŞENAY ATASELİM A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 © 2014 MERYEM ŞENAY ATASELİM All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Political Science in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Professor Irving Leonard Markovitz Date Chair of Examining Committee Professor Joe Rollins Date Executive Officer Professor Kathleen McCarthy Professor John Mollenkopf Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract DIASPORA AS DEVELOPMENT ACTORS: A SOURCE OF HUMAN AND SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY By MERYEM ŞENAY ATASELİM Adviser: Professor Irving Leonard Markovitz This dissertation provides an analysis of Turkish-American diaspora philanthropy – done through social and human capital transfers – and its role in impacting local development in Turkey.