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Anatomic Significance of Topographical Relief in the Pars Basalis Telencephali

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Rom J Leg Med [27] 1-9 [2019] DOI: 10.4323/rjlm.2019.1 © 2019 Romanian Society of Legal Medicine FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH Anatomic significance of topographical relief in the pars basalis telencephali. Implications in forensic psychopathology Gheorghe S. Drăgoi1,2,*, Ileana Marinescu3 _________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Topographical relief situated in the pars basalis telencephali have always been aspects of interest for anatomists and neurologists with regard to their terming and integration in neuronal systems. The main target of the present work is the macroanatonic analysis of the location and relations of reference anatomic markers of topographical relief on which connections of anatomical and functional areas are based. The study was carried out on human biological samples. Twenty samples of lesion- free encephala were taken from 8 men (aged between 36 and 65), 7 women (aged between 41 and 69) and 5 new-born infants (2 males and 3 females). Based on reference anatomic markers, identification of anatomic and functional area borderlines was done in the subcalloso – olfactory space. According to morphological variability the markers were grouped in 3 classes: a) commissural interconnective markers; b) non-commissural interconnective markers; c) markers modelled by the branches of the anterior cerebral artery. Based on our research and further corroboration with the progress made in the research of topographical relief as well as of the experimental results on septal nuclei, we offer an attempt at clarifying of the semantic content of taxonomy of terms as well as their implication in forensic phychopathology. Key Words: septum verum, subcallosal area, paraterminal gyrus, paraolfactory area, paraolfactory gyri. INTRODUCTION [7]; Cruveilhier (1836)[8]; Bergman (1831)[9]; Meynert (1867)[10]; Broca (1879)[11]; și Zuckerkandl (1887) Topographical relief variation in the pars basalis [12]. Delimitation of locations, relations and connections telencephali arises a host of debatable issues regarding of anatomical and functional areas have opened new terminology, morphogenesis and, last but not least, its approaches to their potential integration within the role in behavior and cognition processing. Heterogeneity neuronal systems (Elliot Smith (1895)[13]; Broca (1879) of anatomic terms is discomforting in the identification, [11]; Unger (1906)[14]; Herrick (1910)[15]; Johnston evaluation and homologation of topographical relief. In (1913)[16]; Barady and Nauta (1953)[17]; Andy and this context there are 3 main anatomic and functional areas Stephan (1959)[18]; Swanson (1976)[19]; Williams et al that are under debate in current literature: subcallosal area, (1989)[20]; O'Rahilli and Fabiola (2006)[21]; Nieuwenhuys paraolfactory area and septal area. et al. (2008)[22]). Topographical relief has been studied and Anatomists and embriologists’ permanent termed by a large number of anatomists, neurologists, preoccupation to term topographical relief is also and embriologists, some of whose names are eponyms in reflected in the chronology of international anatomic International Anatomic Terminology: Riolan (1649)[1]; nomenclatures starting with 1895 at Basel (BNA = Bartholini (1686)[2]; Lancisi (1713)[3]; Santorini (1724) Basel Nomina Anatomica)[23], in 1936 at Jena (JNA = [4]; Vicq d'Azyr (1786)[5]; Reil (1812)[6]; Burdach (1822) Jena Nomina Anatomica)[24], in 1955 at Paris (NAP = 1) University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Doctoral School, Craiova, Romania 2) Romanian Academy of Medical Science, Bucharest, Romania * Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] 3) University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 5th Department, Craiova, Romania 1 Drăgoi G.S. et al. Anatomic significance of topographical relief in the pars basalis telencephali Nomina Anatomica Parisiensia)[25], in 1998 at Stuttgard localisation and relations of the gyri in the subcallosal (IAT = International Anatomical Terminology)[26], in area and paraolfactory area on the medio-sagital and 2013 at Stuttgard (IET = International Embriological frontal sagittal sections in the encephalon. Terminology)[27] and in 2016 at Göttingen (TNA = Macroanatomic imagery was done by Prof. Terminologia Neuroanatomica)[28]. Working on human Gheorghe S.Drăgoi on a Digital Camera Canon Eos 1Ds biological material, we aim at revealing the pragmatic and Mark II and Macro Ultrasonic Lens EF 100 mm, f/2,8. theoretical aspects of topographical relief organization in the pars basalis telencephali and their integration in RESULTS behavior and cognition processing. Our main objective is the macroscopic analysis of topographical relief variability The macroanatomic study of topographical relief and, in particular, of the reference anatomic markers in the pars basalis telencephali was carried out in two stages: required for the delimitation of anatomic and functional in a first stage we identified the location and the relations areas. of reference anatomic markers in the topographical relief, while in the second stage we limited the borderlines and MATERIALS AND METHOD evaluated the connections of anatomic and functional areas from the subcalloso-olfactory region: the subcallosal Materials area and the paraolfactory area. The study was carried out on human biological A. Location and relations of reference anatomic material obtained postmortem in the dissection markers in topographical relief laboratories of the Morphology Department from the Three groups of reference anatomic markers have Faculty of General Medicine, the University of Medicine been considered: 1) interconnective commissural markers; and Pharmacy of Craiova. All norms of ethics and 2) interconnective non-commissural markers; 3) markers deontology were observed. Macroanatomic evaluation was modeled by the anterior cerebral artery. performed on 20 human encephala. Samples of healthy 1) Interconnective commissural markers encephala were taken from 8 men (aged between 36 and a) The Anterior commissure (TNA Latin term: 65), 7 women (aged between 41 and 69) and 5 new-born Commissura anterior) appears on the median sagittal part infants (2 males and 3 females). of the encephalon as an ovoid prominence lined anteriorly by the precommissuralis sulcus and posteriorly by the Methods postcommissuralis sulcus. It connects the two temporal Identification and evaluation of topographical lobes (Fig. 1, no. 14). relief was carried out through macroanatomic methods: b) The lamina terminalis (TNA Latin term: descriptive, topographic, sectional and connectional. Lamina terminalis) is visible on the median sagittal section Preservation and processing was done in two stages. of the encephalon as a membrane situated at the anterior In the first stage the preservation of the extracranial extremity of the third ventricle. It lies frontally from the encephala was done. They were washed in cold running rostrum of the corporis callosum through lamina rostralis water and fixed for 48 hours in saline solution 0.9% and to the dorsal surface of the optic chiasma where it forms formaldehyde 5%. Long term preservation, of at least two depressions: the preoptic recess and the supraoptic 30 days, required re-fixing in saline solution 0.9% and recess (Fig. 2, no. 22). formaldehyde 10%. In the second stage our attention c) Rostrum of the corporis callosum (TNA Latin focused on processing the material in order to: a) term: Corpus callosum, Rostrum) is easily identifiable visualize the medial face of the pars basalis telencephali as a posterior tale-like structure of genu of the corporis by sectioning the encephalon in medio-sagittal plane; callosum. It is continued to posterior and ventral parts b) visualize spatial distribution of branches in the with the lamina rostralis that appears as a thin blade of anterior cerebral artery, postcommunicanting part, white matter that goes before the anterior commissure and by leptomeninx dissection (Arachnoid mater and Pia continues ventrally with the lamina terminalis at the level mater); c) select and limit the subcalloso-olfactory region of the precommissuralis sulcus. Through the upper surface observing the following marks: the horizontal line that it is attached to the septum pellucidum. The lower surface unites the foramen interventriculare and the rostrum is in touch with the indusium griseum (Fig. 1, no. 2). of the corporis callosum towards the dorsal part; the 2) Interconnective non-commissural markers vertical line that unites the foramen interventriculare a) The Indusium griseum (TNA Latin term: and the preoptic recess towards the posterior part; the Indusium griseum) appears on the ventral part of the horizontal line that unites the preoptic recess and the rostrum of the corporis callosum, passes ventrally from the anterior paraolfactory sulcus towards ventral part, and lamina rostralis to the dorsal extremity of the paraterminal the vertical line that unites rostrum of the corporis gyrus in the subcallosal area. It connects the paraterminal callosum and anterior paraolfactory sulcus towards the gyrus and the dentate gyrus via the fasciolar gyrus (Fig. 1, anterior part (Fig. 1: the yelow rectangular); d) identify no. 9). 2 Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine Vol. XXVII, No 1(2019) Figure 1. Median sagittal section in human encephalon. Localization of reference anatomic markers and that of anatomic- functional areas in the calloso-olfactory region (Yelow rectangular). 1. Septum pellucidum (TNA Latin Septum pellucidum). 2. Rostrum of corporis callosum
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