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Reorganization of the Neurobiology of Language After Sentence Overlearning

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Reorganization of the Neurobiology of Language After Sentence Overlearning Sentence overlearning 1 Reorganization of the neurobiology of language after sentence overlearning 1* 1,2 3 1 4 Jeremy I Skipper ,​ Sarah Aliko ,​ Stephen Brown ,​ Yoon Ju Jo ,​ Serena Lo ,​ Emilia 5 ​ ​ 1,6 ​ ​ ​ Molimpakis ​ and Daniel R Lametti ​ ​ 1 E​ xperimental Psychology, University College London, UK 2 L​ ondon Interdisciplinary Biosciences Consortium, University College London, UK 3 N​ atural Sciences, University College London, UK 4 S​ peech and Language Sciences, University College London, UK 5 W​ ellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, UK 6 D​ epartment of Psychology, Acadia University, Nova Scotia, Canada * C​ orresponding author, [email protected] ​ Supplementary Material Figure Captions Figure S1. Additional novel listening linear mixed-effects model results. General linear test ​ contrasting novel sentences from session one (blues) and two (reds) in the left (LH) and right hemispheres (RH) presented on lateral (top) and medial (bottom) surface views. The colour bar represents z-scores and the images are thresholded at an alpha (α) level of p < .01, corrected for multiple comparisons. Figure S2. Additional overlearned sentence listening linear mixed-effects model results. A) ​ Session one general linear test (GLT) for sentence; B) Session two GLT for sentence; C) Direct contrast of session one sentences (blues) with session two sentences (reds). The top two rows are the left hemisphere (LH) while the bottom two are the right hemispheres (RH) lateral and medial surface views. The colour bar represents z-scores and the images are thresholded at an alpha (α) level of p < .01, corrected for multiple comparisons. Figure S3. Additional overlearned minus novel sentence listening linear mixed-effects model ​ results. A) Session one general linear test (GLT) for overlearning-novels sentences and B) Session two GLT for overlearning-novels sentences. Colours indicate novel sentences (blues) and overlearned sentences (reds). The top two rows are the left hemisphere (LH) while the bottom two are the right hemispheres (RH) lateral and medial surface views. The colour bar represents z-scores and the images are thresholded at an alpha (α) level of p < .01, corrected for multiple comparisons. Sentence overlearning 2 Figure S1 Sentence overlearning 3 Figure S2 Sentence overlearning 4 Figure S3 Sentence overlearning 5 Tables Table S1. Change in network connections from session one and two. ​ Gross Regions Specific Regions Change Source Target Source Target P-Value Loss Frontal Medial LH Inferior Frontal Sulcus RH Transverse Frontopolar 0.009 Gyri and Sulci Loss Frontal Occipital RH Middle Frontal Gyrus RH Occipital Pole 0.005 Loss Frontal Parietal RH Superior Frontal Sulcus RH Intraparietal Sulcus and 0.009 Transverse Parietal Sulci Loss Frontal Sensori LH Orbital Sulci RH Precentral Gyrus 0.003 motor Loss Frontal Sensori RH Vertical Ramus of the RH Central Sulcus 0.005 motor Anterior Lateral Fissure Loss Insula Frontal LH Anterior Segment of the LH Orbital Sulci 0.009 Circular Sulcus of the Insula Loss Insula Medial RH Inferior Segment of the RH Subparietal Sulcus 0.000 Circular Sulcus of the Insula Loss Insula Parietal RH Long Insular Gyrus and RH Precuneus 0.009 Central Sulcus of the Insula Loss Medial Frontal LH Transverse Frontopolar LH Inferior Frontal Sulcus 0.001 Gyri and Sulci Loss Medial Frontal RH Subcallosal Gyrus RH Orbital Sulci 0.003 Loss Medial Insula LH Parahippocampal Gyrus LH Inferior Segment of the 0.005 Circular Sulcus of the Insula Loss Medial Insula LH Anterior Transverse RH Anterior Segment of the 0.009 Collateral Sulcus Circular Sulcus of the Insula Loss Medial Medial LH Transverse Frontopolar LH Lateral Orbital Sulcus 0.005 Gyri and Sulci Loss Medial Medial LH Orbital Gyrus RH Subcallosal Gyrus 0.005 Sentence overlearning 6 Loss Medial Medial LH Marginal Branch of the RH Suborbital Sulcus 0.009 Cingulate Sulcus Loss Medial Medial LH Medial Orbital Sulcus RH Subparietal Sulcus 0.009 Loss Medial Medial RH Marginal Branch of the RH Suborbital Sulcus 0.009 Cingulate Sulcus Loss Medial Occipital LH Frontomarginal Gyrus and LH Fusiform Gyrus 0.001 Sulcus Loss Medial Occipital LH Superior Frontal Gyrus LH Middle Occipital Gyrus 0.004 Loss Medial Parietal RH Posterior Ventral RH Angular Gyrus 0.003 Cingulate Gyrus Loss Medial Sensori RH Subcallosal Gyrus RH Central Sulcus 0.009 motor Loss Medial Tempor LH Subparietal Sulcus RH Transverse Temporal 0.004 al Gyrus Loss Medial Tempor LH Subparietal Sulcus RH Transverse Temporal 0.004 al Sulcus Loss Occipital Insula LH Occipital Pole RH Long Insular Gyrus and 0.009 Central Sulcus of the Insula Loss Occipital Medial LH Occipital Pole RH Anterior Transverse 0.002 Collateral Sulcus Loss Occipital Medial LH Middle Occipital Gyrus RH Posterior Ventral 0.003 Cingulate Gyrus Loss Occipital Parietal LH Middle Occipital Gyrus RH Superior Parietal Lobule 0.001 Loss Occipital Parietal LH Anterior Occipital Sulcus RH Superior Parietal Lobule 0.004 and Preoccipital Notch Loss Occipital Sensori LH Medial Occipito-Temporal RH Paracentral Gyrus and 0.001 motor Sulcus and Lingual Sulcus Sulcus Loss Parietal Frontal RH Supramarginal Gyrus RH Inferior Frontal Sulcus 0.009 Loss Parietal Medial LH Superior Parietal Lobule RH Marginal Branch of the 0.009 Cingulate Sulcus Sentence overlearning 7 Loss Sensori Insula LH Paracentral Gyrus and RH Short Insular Gyri 0.004 motor Sulcus Loss Sensori Medial RH Subcentral Gyrus and RH Anterior Transverse 0.005 motor Sulcus Collateral Sulcus Loss Sensori Medial LH Postcentral Gyrus LH Parieto-Occipital Sulcus 0.009 motor Loss Sensori Medial RH Subcentral Gyrus and RH Pericallosal Sulcus 0.009 motor Sulcus Loss Subcorti Frontal LH Pallidum LH Vertical Ramus of the 0.009 cal Anterior Lateral Fissure Loss Subcorti Insula LH Cerebellum RH Long Insular Gyrus and 0.001 cal Central Sulcus of the Insula Loss Subcorti Insula LH Ventral Diencephalon LH Inferior Segment of the 0.001 cal Circular Sulcus of the Insula Loss Subcorti Medial LH Thalamus LH Superior Frontal Gyrus 0.004 cal Loss Subcorti Medial RH Thalamus LH Anterior Cingulate Gyrus 0.009 cal and Sulcus Loss Subcorti Occipital RH Putamen RH Anterior Occipital Sulcus 0.001 cal and Preoccipital Notch Loss Subcorti Occipital LH Cerebellum RH Calcarine Sulcus 0.003 cal Loss Subcorti Occipital Brainstem LH Anterior Occipital Sulcus 0.003 cal and Preoccipital Notch Loss Subcorti Occipital Brainstem RH Cuneus 0.009 cal Loss Subcorti Occipital Brainstem RH Superior Occipital Gyrus 0.009 cal Loss Subcorti Occipital RH Pallidum RH Calcarine Sulcus 0.009 cal Loss Subcorti Parietal RH Putamen RH Superior Parietal Lobule 0.001 cal Sentence overlearning 8 Loss Subcorti Parietal LH Thalamus RH Sulcus Intermedius Primus 0.004 cal of Jensen Loss Subcorti Parietal RH Ventral Diencephalon RH Sulcus Intermedius Primus 0.009 cal of Jensen Loss Subcorti Sensori LH Amygdala RH Precentral Gyrus 0.003 cal motor Loss Subcorti Sensori LH Thalamus RH Superior Precentral Sulcus 0.004 cal motor Loss Subcorti Sensori LH Amygdala LH Paracentral Gyrus and 0.004 cal motor Sulcus Loss Subcorti Sensori RH Caudate RH Superior Precentral Sulcus 0.004 cal motor Loss Subcorti Sensori RH Hippocampus RH Paracentral Gyrus and 0.004 cal motor Sulcus Loss Subcorti Sensori LH Thalamus LH Postcentral Sulcus 0.009 cal motor Loss Subcorti Sensori LH Ventral Diencephalon RH Postcentral Gyrus 0.009 cal motor Loss Subcorti Subcorti LH Thalamus RH Hippocampus 0.009 cal cal Loss Subcorti Subcorti Brainstem RH Putamen 0.009 cal cal Loss Subcorti Tempor LH Ventral Diencephalon LH Transverse Temporal 0.004 cal al Gyrus Loss Subcorti Tempor LH Ventral Diencephalon LH Posterior Lateral Fissure 0.004 cal al Loss Subcorti Tempor LH Ventral Diencephalon RH Transverse Temporal 0.004 cal al Sulcus Loss Subcorti Tempor RH Putamen LH Inferior Temporal Sulcus 0.004 cal al Loss Subcorti Tempor RH Putamen RH Inferior Temporal Gyrus 0.004 cal al Sentence overlearning 9 Loss Tempor Medial RH Superior Temporal Gyrus RH Pericallosal Sulcus 0.002 al Loss Tempor Medial LH Inferior Temporal Gyrus RH Pericallosal Sulcus 0.005 al Gain Frontal Frontal RH Horizontal Ramus of the RH Superior Frontal Sulcus 0.009 Anterior Lateral Fissure Gain Frontal Medial LH Pars Orbitalis LH Marginal Branch of the 0.009 Cingulate Sulcus Gain Insula Medial LH Anterior Segment of the RH Lateral Orbital Sulcus 0.002 Circular Sulcus of the Insula Gain Medial Frontal LH Suborbital Sulcus RH Middle Frontal Sulcus 0.004 Gain Medial Insula LH Transverse Frontopolar RH Long Insular Gyrus and 0.009 Gyri and Sulci Central Sulcus of the Insula Gain Medial Medial LH Superior Frontal Gyrus LH Subcallosal Gyrus 0.001 Gain Medial Medial LH Middle-Anterior Cingulate LH Subcallosal Gyrus 0.003 Gyrus and Sulcus Gain Medial Medial LH Suborbital Sulcus RH Middle-Anterior Cingulate 0.003 Gyrus and Sulcus Gain Medial Medial RH Middle-Anterior Cingulate RH Pericallosal Sulcus 0.005 Gyrus and Sulcus Gain Medial Occipital LH Anterior Cingulate Gyrus LH Lingual Gyrus 0.003 and Sulcus Gain Medial Sensori LH Subcallosal Gyrus LH Superior Precentral Sulcus 0.004 motor Gain Medial Tempor LH Superior Frontal Gyrus RH Middle Temporal Gyrus 0.004 al Gain Medial Tempor LH Lateral Orbital Sulcus RH Inferior Temporal Gyrus 0.005 al Gain Medial Tempor LH Lateral Orbital Sulcus RH Superior Temporal Sulcus 0.009 al Gain Parietal Frontal RH Precuneus RH Vertical Ramus of the 0.009 Anterior Lateral Fissure Sentence overlearning 10 Gain Parietal Sensori LH Sulcus Intermedius Primus RH Postcentral
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