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A Survey of Motu and Police Motu

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A Survey of Motu and Police Motu A SURVEY OF MOTU AND POLICE MOTU BY RICHARD BRETT — RAYMOND BROWN RUTH BROWN — VELMA FOREMAN SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS PREFACE BY REV. PERCY CHATTERTON MOTU TRANSLATION SPECIALIST LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA FAKULTAS SASTRA PERPU.STAKAAN Cuj J Ha*) u,t t(b A SURVEY OF MOTU AND POLICE MOTU A 7. < // ? ■ BY . ^ 6 RICHARD BRETT — RAYMOND BROWN RUTH BROWN — VELMA FOREMAN SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS PREFACE BY REV. PERCY CHATTERTON MOTU TRANSLATION SPECIALIST LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY 10725/02 PAK.VJLTA5-8AS w- This Report was compiled for the Administration of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea by the Summer Institute of Linguistics on the basis of field work carried out throughout Papua in 1961. The editors were: Richard Brett - R aymond Brown R u t h Brow n - V elm a F oreman It is a companion volume to “A Dictionary of Police Motu ”, prepared by the same team. All rights reserved by The Summer Institute of Linguistics, Ukarumpa, via Lae. Printed for The Department of Information and Extension Services, Port Moresby, Territoryp(Papua and New Guinea. PREFACE I have read with very much interest the Report of Motu and Police Motu prepared by members of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, and I am in agreement with their recommendations. I would emphasize that my “ Primer of Police Motu ” was prepared for the European “ man in the street ” with no knowledge of linguistics, and rather hazy memories of his school grammar lessons. It would be a very good thing if S.I.L. were able to carry out a more scientific analysis. While agreeing that the “ non-central ” rather than the “ central ” dialect of Police Motu should be used for the purposes the Administration has in mind, I think that it would be very desirable to prepare material also in Motu for the 21,000 Motuans and Koitapuans. If uncommon words and difficult sentence structures were avoided, this material would also be understood by many coastal non-Motuan Papuans from Cape Possession in the west to Marshall Lagoon in the east, and in many cases would be more acceptable to them than material in “ non-central ” Police Motu, which they will tend to despise for its crudity. It has been my experience over many years to be well understood, when speaking in Motu by very large numbers of Nara, Gabadi, Sinaugolo, Hula and Keapara people, though many of these, probably through fear of making mistakes, would speak to me in “ central ” Police Motu. I am inclined to think, though in this I may be wrong, that some of the non-Motuan items in the “ non-central ” Police Motu vocabulary would not be known to people east of Cape Possession. I very strongly support the contention in Section 4.2 that the word order used must be that of Police Motu and not an English word order. I think that material prepared by the Administration in Police Motu frequently suffers, sometimes to the point of unintelligibility, through being a too-literal translation from an English original. This is a very common fault when indigenes are used as translators. I would urge that Papuans and New Guineans who are going to work as translators should be required to undergo a course of instruction in translation techniques. The S.I.L. might well be asked to conduct such a course. PERCY CHATTERTON, Port Moresby, January, 1962. 10725/6 2 .- 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS P refa ce A R e po r t o n t h e U se o f M o t u a n d P o lic e M o t u T h r o u g h o u t P a pu a 1. Introduction 2. Motu 3. Police Motu 4. Recommendations .. A REPORT ON THE USE OF MOTU AND POLICE MOTU THROUGHOUT PAPUA 1. INTRODUCTION This report is the result of a survey of the Motu language of the Central District of Papua, and of Police Motu, a pidginized form of Motu, used extensively in Papua as a trade language. , , , u rnr the Administration of the Territory ot Papua and New Guinea by the Summer The survey was undertaken for me Ad Qf Linguistics> M r. c . R Brett and Mr. R. G. Brown, Institute of Linguistics. eas while Mrs. R. G. Brown, Miss V. Foreman, and others, also of the Summer collected information from various areas, wmc i , Institute of Linguistics, organized and typed the ma eria s ga ere . , r , v was collected from each of the districts of Papua. 118 villages were visited, and 119 Information for the urvey was col as we„ for additional information. The collection and the indigenes away from then^ home viUages w ^ ^ Januafy m 2 organization of the materials were carriea uui • „„.h ,iktrict were visited, and as many surrounding villages as time and travel allowed were The main ^ *str“ \ Z vd list of the vernacular was elicited by means of Police Motu. To check the contacted. Ineach village visited wa$ reversed) and a word nst of Police Motu was obtained by using the exact type of Police Motu used th P ^ of the community use Police Motu was gathered, also by using Police vernacular. Information astovvh a majority of viilages visited by a reading test of Iseda Sivarai, Our NewSt Motu. Literacy m Police Motu was c for ^ of papua> and the test included questions to indicate the fortnightly publication by^ the Ad Comprehension of a news broadcast in Police Motu was checked by piayin comprehension of the text of Iseda Ana questions. Much useful information was obtained, also, m a similar a tape recording of a news sessl°“ *nd \ h vlllages. These included patients and medical orderlies, teachers and manner, from indigenes away from tneir nomc v»uB students, clerks, interpreters and guistics greatly appreciated the assistance and co-operation of the The team of thc^imimer fnsUtu providing accommodations, and their helpfulness in so man Administration Officers in.nmkl"g ^ tendedt0 the many missionaries and businessmen who contributed information other ways. Much appreciation < accommodations where necessary, relevant to the survey and provided travel aim 1.1. Purpose of Survey determine the extent to which the Motu and Police Motu languages are spoken The purpose of the survey was to dete■ variations of each, and to produce a dictionary of Police Motu. and understood in Papua, to determine the dialectal variant 1.2. Differences between Motu and Police Motu ^ ^ Moresby area of the Central District of Papua. Th Motu is the language spoken b>' the>vl1 J {0 KapaKapa, east of Port Moresby. Police Motu, a sim p ly villages extend from ManuManu, west °fP°rt , trade , The differences between Motu and Poli form of the Motu language, is used extensively in r p Motu extend into (a) grammar, (b) phonology, a , , difference between Motu and Police Motu is that Motu has iuimerouc (o) Grammar.—The mam 8ran™at ^ and number, while Police Motu retains lew ol these, words and affixes md.c.ng tense,aspect n ^ but „ ,„e worJs inJicolini!.. In Motu tense;‘f ^ ays » are the only ways of showing tense. These may or may not be used; in action , and do, indi a g ‘ po)jce Motu, these forms are seldom used or understood. ,aCt’ 'V here™ " Z o ’J Z of‘continuous aspect in Motu -v.. indicating past continuous action, and indica present continuous ac.on. njjjjj. - » „e few modes retained „ Polfe Molu is t S ’tltive, expressing an - if J it. Police Motu i, is used will, both singular and plural forms of a,, ^ Similarly, negative mode is retained in Police Motu by one form only, last. While Motuans regularly indicate, by suffixes on transitive verbs, the person toward whom an action is performed, most of the speakers of the most widely used dialect of Police Motu merely place a subject form of the pronoun either immediately preceding or immediately following the verb. Likewise, most speakers of Police Motu do not observe the special Motuan way of showing possession when body parts or personal relationships are concerned. They do not add the person suffixes to the noun but simply precede the noun by the possessive pronoun, similarly to the general method used by Motuans. No speakers of Police Motu observe the food versus non-food distinction which occurs in Motu. This distinction consists of replacing “ e ” by “ a ” in the second part of the possessive pronoun when food is the thing possessed. Thus, lau-egu ruma is used for “ my house ”, but lau-agu maho is used for “ my yam ” in Motu. Motu adjectives take the suffixes -na and -dia to indicate whether the nouns they modify are singular or plural in number, but most speakers of Police Motu do not maintain this distinction. Generally Motu nouns have only one form indicating either singular or plural. However, Motu has four special forms for plural number. Two of these are formed by reduplication: lau, “ man ”, becomes tatau, “ men ” , and mero, “ boy ”, becomes memero, “ boys ”. The other two are gained by a change of stress accent. Normally accent occurs on the next to the last syllable and is not indicated in writing, but in these two forms it is necessary to indicate it: hahine, “ woman”, becomes hahine, “ women”; and kekeni, “ girl ”, becomes kdkeni, “ girls ” . Relatively few speakers of Police Motu use these four forms of plural number. Other than the position of the negative, there are no significant differences in word order between Motu and Police Motu. In Motu, the negative forms precede the verb, while in Police Motu, the only negative form, Iasi, always follows the verb.
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