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Urban Development in the Pacific Urban Development in the Pacific Development Bulletin No.78 August 2017 August Bulletin No.78 Development DEVELOPMENT BULLETIN 78 No.78 August 2017 Editors: Pamela Thomas and Meg Keen URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE PACIFIC URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT BULLETIN ISSUE 78 78 AUGUST 2017 http:Crawford.anu.edu.au/rmap/devnet/dev-bulletin.php THEMES or google Development Bulletin CONTACT: • City living: For free download: Dr Pamela Thomas The new Pacific Way? • 78 issues of Development Bulletin Development Studies Network • The politics of urban space • 28 years of social and economic Resources, Environment and Development Crawford School of Public Policy development theory, policy and practice • Negotiating urban space Australian National University • 87 papers covering the development Canberra ACT 0200, Australia • Staying safe in the city experience of Pacific Island women • Providing urban services T: 61 2 6125 8257 • Living in the settlements E: [email protected] The Development Bulletin The Development Bulletin has, for 28 years, been the journal of the Development Studies Network based at the Australian National University. It is an occasional publication providing at least one issue a year. The journal includes commissioned and submitted papers and is available in hard copy or online for free download. Each issue focuses on a specific, topical development theme providing a multi-disciplinary perspective on a range of opinions on development activities, theories, and research. The papers in DB are short and concise with a word limit of 3,500. Authors include academics, non academics, development professionals, those working in non government and government organisations, consultants, teachers, community leaders, politicians and students of development. The 78 issues of Development Bulletin are available online. Together, they provide a valuable history of social and economic development, development theory, policy, practice and development studies. Free download The Development Bulletin is available online for free download and can be freely copied and used on condition that the source is acknowledged. In addition to the Development Bulletin, our website also has a collection of 87 papers on women and gender issues in the Pacific. Most are written by Pacific Island women. http:Crawford.anu.edu.au/rmap/devnet/dev-bulletin.php State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Program State Society and Governance in Melanesia: Select Papers on Urban Issues Selected reports from the SSGM Urban series. Many more reports on (SSGM) at the Australian National University Pacific islands’ development can be found at SSGM’s website. (ANU) is the leading international centre for applied We invite all to contribute to our In Brief and Discussion Paper series. multidisciplinary research and analysis concerning Publications are widely circulated among policy makers, practitioners and academics. Managing Editor contemporary state, society and governance issues in Dr Pamela Thomas Melanesia and the broader Pacific. Established in 1996 Keen, Meg, Julien Barbara, Jessica Carpenter, Daniel Evans and Joseph and funded in partnership by the Department of Foreign Foukona. 2017. ‘Urban Development in Honiara: Harnessing Opportunities, Correspondence Affairs and Trade and ANU, SSGM seeks to set the Embracing Change’. SSGM Research Report. Canberra: The Australian Development Bulletin National University. Resources, Environment and Development Program international standard for scholarship on the region. Foukona, Joseph. 2017. ‘Solomon Islands’ urban land tenure: Growing Crawford School of Public Policy complexity’. SSGM In Brief 2017/5. Canberra: The Australian National Australian National University SSGM’s research and analysis builds on a foundation University. Canberra ACT 0200 Eves, Richard. 2017. ‘Conflicts over Credit: Challenges to women’s of long-term empirical research across diverse empowerment in Solomon Islands.’ In Brief 2017/3. Canberra: The Australian National University T: 61 2 61258257 disciplines. Its scholars research interests include Evans, Daniel. 2016. ‘Hard Work: Youth employment programming in M: 0412945655 politics and elections; decentralisation and the politics Honiara, Solomon Islands. SSGM Discussion Paper 2016/7. Canberra: The E: [email protected] of service delivery; geopolitics and regionalism; urban Australian National University. development; resource management; justice and Carpenter, Jessica and Jenny Munro. 2016. ‘Women’s livelihoods in Honiara ISSN 1035-1132 settlements’. SSGM In Brief 2016/31. Canberra: The Australian National The Development Studies Network security; women’s leadership and political participation; University. and women’s economic empowerment. For more Keen, Meg and Luke Kiddle. 2016. ‘Priced out of the market: Informal information about the program visit http://ssgm. settlements in Honiara, Solomon Islands’. SSGM In Brief 2016/28. Canberra: The Australian National University. bellschool.anu.edu.au/. Phillips, Tarryn and Meg Keen. 2016. ‘Sharing the city: Urban growth and governance in Suva, Fiji’. SSGM Discussion Paper 2016/6. Canberra: The Australian National University. Cover photos Rooney, Michelle. 2015. ‘Money and values in urban settlements households Front: New urban settlement, Honiara. (Photo Luke Kiddle) in Port Moresby Part 2: Understanding spatial and income inequality Children at the Jittu squatter settlement, Suva. (Photo Tarryn Phillips) through housing choices’. SSGM In Brief 2015/44. Canberra: The Australian National University. Back: Seaside settlement, Port Vila. (Photo Pamela Thomas) DevelopmentDevelopment BulletinBulletin Issue 78 August 2017 URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE PACIFIC Papers, case studies, research results and conversations about rapid urbanisation in the Pacific and the hopes, experiences and adjustments people make to living in town. Publication of this issue was supported by the State, Society and Governance in Melanesia Program (SSGM) at the Australian National University. SSGM is the leading international centre for applied multidisciplinary research and analysis concerning contemporary state, society and governance issues in Melanesia and the broader Pacific. For more information about the program visit http://ssgm.bellschool.anu.edu.au/. ISSN 1035-1132 The Development Studies Network Australian National University Available for free download on http:Crawford.anu.edu.au/rmap/devnet/dev-bulletin.php or google Development Bulletin Introduction 1 Pamela Thomas and Meg Keen City living: The new Pacific way 5 The urban Pacific: A tale of new cities John Connell Urban resilience: Informal and squatter settlements in the Pacific Region 11 Paul Jones and David Sanderson Urbanisation in Melanesia: The politics of change 16 Julien Barbara and Meg Keen Politics, policy and practice The rules of the game: Legal and political influences over land access in Honiara 21 Joseph D Foukona Informal settlement upgrading: Lessons from Suva and Honiara 25 Gabriel Luke Kiddle and Ian Hay Informal and squatter settlements: The self-made urban order shaping Pacific towns and cities 30 Paul Jones Pacific urbanisation: Is landlessness a challenge to SDG11 in Samoa? 36 Alec Thornton Transition to modernity: Migrant settlements and customary land issues in Port Moresby 39 Mary Walta Hearing from the settlements Making a home in the city: Ideas of employment and work 45 Fiona Hukula Capital cultures: Gender, place and belonging in Port Moresby and Noumea 49 Contents Ceridwen Spark Living on the fringes: Voices from those living in the settlements of Honiara 54 Meg Keen and Jessica Carpenter Rethinking Honiara’s water supply: Voices from the settlements 59 Lincy Pendeverana Urban security The inexorable rise of private security in Papua New Guinea 63 Sinclair Dinnen Responding to gender based violence in an urban setting: The early story of Femili PNG 67 Stephen Howes, Dengo Ilave and Daisy Plana Social protection and social safety nets in urban PNG 71 Michelle N Rooney Perspectives of vulnerability, tenure security and resettlement issues of 75 informal settlers in PNG Georgina Numbasa and David Mitchell August 2017 i Servicing the cities Meeting the health care challenges posed by rapid urbanisation in the Pacific: The view from Fiji 79 Tarryn Phillips and Akesh Narayan Child health and malnutrition in the Marshall Islands 83 Alison Culpin Water supply to informal settlements in Honiara 87 Ian Gooden Informal settlements in the Pacific and links to sustainable development 91 Anna Gero, Jeremy Kohlitz and Juliet Willetts Youth in search of a future: Urban drift, education and work in Timor-Leste 96 Ann Wigglesworth Books and films Review of ‘Aid and Activism: Young citizens’ experience of 99 development and democracy in Timor-Leste’ by Ann Wigglesworth Pamela Thomas ‘The Opposition’ documentary: The fight for Paga Hill 100 Hollie Fifer and Andre Frankovits Development Bulletin: The last 20 issues 102 ii Development Bulletin 78 Ebeye Map of Pacific Island Countries showing major urban centres August 2017 iii iv Development Bulletin 78 Urban development in the Pacific Pamela Thomas and Meg Keen, Australian National University Pacific Island countries are experiencing dramatic social, political and demographic change as urban populations increase and the flow of people moving from rural villages to the towns has become a flood. This issue of Development Bulletin considers the impact of rapid, extensive and unmanaged urbanisation on the development prospects of Pacific Island states.
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