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Goverdhan Mehta Chemistry - a 21St Century Science for Global Sustainability: Is It Future Ready?
Goverdhan Mehta Chemistry - A 21st Century Science for Global Sustainability: Is it future ready? Goverdhan Mehta A ‘selfie’ with theSchool chemical of Chemistry world…… University of Hyderabad National Geophysical Research Institute, CSIR Foundation Day, Sept. 27, 2019 Introducing Chemistry through the Lens of Earth's Systems: What Role Can Systems Thinking Play in Developing Chemically and Environmentally Literate Citizens? J. Kornfeld, S. Stokoe. J. Chemical Education 2019, 96, 2910-2917 A bouquet of ‘matters’ that matter New symbols Passion Sustainability Legacies Ethics & values Responsible Connections Systems Directions Humility Ideas & icons Inspirations Un mélange de beaucoup de choses “Chemistry ought not to be for chemists alone” - Miguel de Unamuno ‘…Life, Universe and Everything’ Chemistry – a source of happiness…. Chem -Connectome ‘...I feel sorry for people who don’t know anything about chemistry. They are missing an important source of happiness....’ - Linus Pauling 1901-1994 S.A. Matlin, G. Mehta, H. Hopf. Chemistry Embraced by All. Science 2015, 347, 1179 Chemistry is in everything. and everything is in it, it is the basis of life, without it we wouldn't exist. Green tea has ~ 200 chemicals Coffee has ~ 1000 chemicals Wine has >1000 chemicals Light cigarette ~ 4000 chemicals Chemistry is ubiquitous/omnipresent Chemistry – Tracing the roots and to the present BCE Art & craft of mixing substances A giant knowledge leap Alchemy to modern science Evidence based science Discipline in a Table - systematization Mendeleev’s Periodic Law ‘Molecularization’ of chemical matter 20th Century A century of evolutionary march of chemistry 20h Century Value added products from almost anything “Utility science” and everything Molecular understanding of life processes and “Core Science” chemical matter Interdisciplinarity in forefront “Integrative Science” Resource stressed planet “Sustainability Science” 21st Century S. -
Curriculum Vitae Professor Dr. Martin Jansen
Curriculum Vitae Professor Dr. Martin Jansen Name: Martin Jansen Born: 5 November 1944 Main areas of research: preparative solid-state chemistry, crystal chemistry, materials research, structure-property relationship of solids Since 1998, he has been a member of the scientific council of the Max Planck Society and a director at the Max Planck Institute for solid-state research in StuttgartHe has developed a concept for plan- ning solid state syntheses, combining computational and experimental tools, that is pointing the way to rational and efficient discovery of new materials. Academic and Professional Career since 1998 Director at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart and Honorary Professor at the University of Stuttgart, Germany 1987 - 1998 Professor (C4) and Director of the Institute at the University of Bonn, Germany 1981 - 1987 Professor (C4), Chair B for Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Hannover, Germany 1978 Habilitation at the University of Gießen, Germany 1973 Promotion (Ph.D.) at the University of Gießen, Germany 1966 - 1970 Study of Chemistry at the University of Gießen, Germany Honours and Awarded Memberships (Selection) 2019 Otto-Hahn-Prize 2009 Centenary Prize, Royal Society of Chemistry, UK 2009 Georg Wittig - Victor Grignard Prize, Société Chimique de France 2008 Member of acatech (National Academy of Science and Engineering) Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina www.leopoldina.org 1 2007 Karl Ziegler Award, Germany 2004 Honorary Doctorate of the Ludwig Maximilians-University of -
Named Organic Reactions (U – Z)
Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Rxns(U-Z).pdf 1 NAMED ORGANIC REACTIONS (U – Z) © Dr. John Andraos, 2000 - 2014 Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to [email protected] http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/ Sakae Uemura Japanese, b. Japan Uemura oxidation Nishimura, T.; Onoue, T.; Ohe, K.; Uemura S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998 , 39 , 6011 Nishimura, T.; Onoue, T.; Ohe, K.; Uemura S. J. Org. Chem. 1999 , 64 , 6750 Biographical references: Ivar Karl Ugi 5 September 1930 – 29 September 2005 German, b. Kuressaare, Estland, Germany Ugi condensation Ugi, I.; Meyr, R.; Fetzer, U.; Steinbrueckner, C. Angew. Chem. 1959 , 71 , 386 Urban, R.; Ugi, I., Angew. Chem. Int. Engl. Ed . 1975 , 14 , 61 Biographical references: Chemical Research Faculties: An International Directory 1996 , American Chemical Society: Washington, D.C., 1996 Wer ist Wer? Das Deutsche Who’s Who 1999/2000 , Schmidt-Römhild: Lübeck, 1999 Lemmen, P.; Fontain, E.; Bauer, J. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006 , 45 , 193 Fritz Ullmann 2 July 1875 - 17 March 1939 German, b. Fürth, Germany Ullmann reaction Ullmann, F. Ann. Chem . 1904 , 332 , 38 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/Named-Rxns(U-Z).pdf 2 Biographical references: Meyer, K.H., Helv. Chim. Acta 1940 , 23 , 93 Upjohn reaction Van Rheenen, V.; Kelly, R.C.; Cha, D.Y. Tetrahedron Lett. 1976 , 1973 A. Verley French, b. ? Meerwein-Pondorff-Verley reduction see Hans Leberecht Meerwein Biographical references: Victor Villiger 1 September 1868 - 1934 Swiss, b. -
Otto Hahn Otto Hahn
R.N. 70269/98 Postal Registration No.: DL-SW-1/4082/15-17 ISSN : 0972-169X Date of posting: 26-27 of advance month Date of publication: 24 of advance month May 2017 Vol. 19 No. 8 Rs. 5.00 Otto Hahn Discoverer of Nuclear Fission Editorial: Consolidating 35 science communication activities in our country Otto Hahn: Discoverer of 34 Nuclear Fission Keep Your Eyes Healthy 31 Phenol: A Serious 30 Environmental Threat Accidental Discoveries in 28 Medical Science Cures for haemorrhoids— 24 Simple treatments and Surgeries Recent developments 21 in science and technology 36 Editorial Consolidating science communication activities in our country Dr. R. Gopichandran It is well known that the National Council of Science Museums of India’s leadership in science technology and innovation (STI) across the Ministry of Culture, Government of India, the National Institute the bilateral and multilateral framework also. The news feature service of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR) and the portal activity have well defined action plans to reach out to of CSIR, the National Council for Science and Technology fellow institutions and citizens with suitably embellished platform Communication (NCSTC) of the Department of Science and and opportunities for all to deliver together. Technology (DST), Government of India and Vigyan Prasar, also While these are interesting and extremely important, especially of DST, have been carrying out excellent science communication because they respond to the call to upscale and value add science activities over the years. It cannot be denied that the reach has been and technology communication, it is equally important to document quite significant collectively. -
Wilhelm Ostwald – the Scientist
ARTICLE-IN-A-BOX Wilhelm Ostwald – The Scientist Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald was born on September 2, 1853 at Riga, Latvia, Russia to Gottfried Ostwald, a master cooper and Elisabeth Leuckel. He was the second son to his parents who both were descended from German immigrants. He had his early education at Riga. His subsequent education was at the University of Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia) where he enrolled in 1872. At the university he studied chemistry under the tutelage of Carl ErnstHeinrich Schmidt (1822– 1894) who again was a pupil of Justus von Liebig. Besides Schmidt, Johannes Lemberg (1842– 1902) and Arthur von Oettingen (1836–1920) who were his teachers in physical chemistry were also principal influences. It was in 1877 that he defended his thesis ‘Volumchemische Studien über Affinität’. Subsequently he taught as Privatdozent for a couple of years. During this period, his personal life saw some changes as well. He wedded Helene von Reyher (1854–1946) in 1880. With Helene, he had three sons, and two daughters. Amongst his children, Wolfgang went on to become a famous colloid chemist. On the strength of recommendation from Dorpat, Ostwald was appointed as a Professor at Riga Polytechnicum in 1882. He worked on multiple applications of the law of mass action. He also conducted measurements in chemical reaction kinetics as well as conductivity of solutions. To this end, the pyknometer was developed which was used to determine the density of liquids. He also had a thermostat built and both of these were named after him. He was prolific in his teaching and research which helped establish a school of science at the university. -
AWARDS, HONORS, DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIPS Prof. Dr. Dieter Seebach
AWARDS, HONORS, DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIPS Prof. Dr. Dieter Seebach 1964 <> Wolf-Preis for the Ph.D. thesis, Universität Karlsruhe, Germany 1969 <> Dozentenpreis Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, Germany 1969/1970 – Visiting Professorship, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA 1972 – "DuPont Travel Grantee", USA (lectures at 15 universities and companies) 1974 – Visiting Professorship, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA 1977 – Visiting Professorship, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg, South Africa – "Pacific Coast Lectureship“, USA/Canada (9 lectures at universities and companies along theUSA west coast) 1978 – Visiting Professorship, Polish Academy of Sciences (lectures in Warsaw and Lodz) 1980 – Visiting Professorship, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia – Visiting Professorship, Imperial College, London, U.K. 1981 – Visiting Professorship at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel –"Kolthoff Lectureship", University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA 1981 – „Carl Ziegler Visiting Professorship“, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim a.d.Ruhr, Germany 1982 – "Vorhees Memorial Lectureship", University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA – "First Atlantic Coast Lectureship", (6 lectures at universities of the South-East of USA) – "Organic Syntheses Lectureship", Princeton University, Princeton, USA 1984 <> FRSC (Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, U.K.) <> Elected member of the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina, D-Halle – "Greater Manchester Lectureship", University -
Some Von Baeyer Family History
Some Family History In family memoirs, it is assumed that the Baeyers were among the Protestants in Salzburg (north-central Austria) who lost their homeland in the upheavals caused by the Reformation in the early 1500s, and moved into what is now Germany. From the mid-1500s to the mid-1700s, the Baeyer family were known to be farmers and wine-growers in the Rheinland Palatinate (southwestern Germany). It must be noted that the story of the European origins of the family traditionally focusses on those who used the name Baeyer (also spelled Beyer, Baier and Bayer). But maintaining this focus into the modern day would not give due recognition to the wives who keep their maiden name, the children who are given the wife’s surname, and those who follow other forms of family naming. In the Palatinate, the family lived in the village of Odernheim am Glan, not far from Bad Kreuznach. The name of the village – Home of the Otters on the Glan River – inspired the inclusion of three fish-eating otters in the von Baeyer family crest which was granted to Adolf many years later, when he was awarded a Bavarian knighthood (see below). In 1713, Johann Jacob Beyer (1685-1748) married Gertrud, the daughter of Daniel Dupuis, who was a wig-maker in nearby Mainz. His ancestors were Huguenots (French Protestants) who had been forced to leave their homes in France because of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685, which had protected them for almost a century. The exiled Huguenots brought significant economic and cultural development to the places where they settled. -
Philip D. Lane Ziegler-Natta Catalysis: the Nature of the Active Site Literature Seminar April 3, 1992 Karl Ziegler, While Study
47 Ziegler-Natta Catalysis: The Nature of the Active Site Philip D. Lane Literature Seminar April 3, 1992 Karl Ziegler, while studying ethylene insertion into aluminum-alkyl bonds, serendipi tously discovered the effect transition metals had on ethylene polymerization. He and Guilio Natta made significant contributions to the catalytic polymerization of olefins using a transition metal from groups 4-8 and an organometallic from groups 1, 2, or 13, the most famous com bination being TiC4 + Al(C2H5)3 for the polymerization of polyethylene. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to them in 1963 for their contributions in this area [l,2]. The impor tance of this catalytic process can be seen by the amount of polyethylene produced in the U.S. In 1990, 8.3 billion lbs. of high-density polyethylene were produced [3]. The heterogeneous nature of Ziegler-Natta catalysts make them difficult to study [l,4,5]. Despite improved techniques for studying surfaces, information on an atomic level about the active sites remains elusive. For example, the surface reaction of [Zr(allyl)4] with SiQi leads to different surface species [5]. It is not clear which of the resulting surface species is responsible for the polymerization process. Various mechanisms [6,7] have been proposed for Ziegler-Natta catalysis, with the most widely accepted proposal from Cossee and Adman (Figure 1). The aluminum-alkyl is suggested to be responsible for alkylating the transition metal which is in an octahedral environment with one site vacant. Ethylene is thought to coordinate, followed by direct insertion into the metal-alkyl bond of the transition metal. -
Chemistry of Blue Jeans: Indigo Synthesis and Dyeing
E36 Chemistry of Blue Jeans: Indigo Synthesis and Dyeing William Henry Perkin (1838-1907) 1 The Task The goal of this experiment is to synthesise the vat dye, indigo and compare the properties of cloth that has been dyed with indigo and a mordant dye alizarin. Skills At the end of this laboratory session you should be able to: • vacuum filtrate. • accurately weigh out samples. Other outcomes At the end of the laboratory session you should be able to: • synthesise indigo. • dye cloth using a vat. • dye cloth using a mordant dye. • observe the colours of the mordant dyes formed with different divalent metal ions. • test and compare the dyed material for solubility and fading. 2 History Indigo The blue dye indigo has been used in India for about the last 4000 years. It was derived from the plant Indigofera tinctoria. Phoenican traders and migrating peoples gradually introduced this dye to the Mediterranian area and then spread to Europe. In Northern Europe from the Bronze Age (2500 – 850 BC) people used a blue dye, waod from the plant Isatis tinctoria. It has since been discovered that this plant contains the chemical indigo, but due to other compounds in the plant it is not a ‘pure’ blue like the Indigofera.1 Indigo is a vat dye. The plant was fermented and then treated with urine. The fibre was dipped into the colourless dye bath and then hung out in the sun to contain a blue insoluble dye on the fibre.1 In 1865, the German chemist Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer began working with indigo. -
The Design of Redox-Active, Olefin Polymerization Catalysts Using Late-Transition Metals
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2013 The Design of Redox-Active, Olefin Polymerization Catalysts Using Late-Transition Metals Zachary Reynolds Sprigler [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Recommended Citation Sprigler, Zachary Reynolds, "The Design of Redox-Active, Olefin Polymerization Catalysts Using Late- Transition Metals. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2013. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2458 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Zachary Reynolds Sprigler entitled "The Design of Redox-Active, Olefin Polymerization Catalysts Using Late-Transition Metals." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Chemistry. Brian K. Long, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Jimmy Mays, David Jenkens Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) The Design of Redox-Active, Olefin Polymerization Catalysts Using Late-Transition Metals A Thesis Presented for the Masters of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Zachary Reynolds Sprigler August 2013 Copyright © 2013 by Zachary R. -
Hermann Emil Fischer: Life and Achievements
GENERAL ARTICLE Hermann Emil Fischer: Life and Achievements G Nagendrappa Emil Fischer, considered as one of the greatest chemists of all times, carried out much of the fundamental work on purines, sugars, proteins, stereochemistry and several other areas of chemistry during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Because most of these are biological molecules, he is known as the ‘Father of Biochemistry’. His achievements in G Nagendrappa was a Professor of Organic chemical synthesis and analytical skills were much ahead of Chemistry at Bangalore his times. He was the second to get the Nobel Prize in Chem- University, and Head of istry in 1902. the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sri Introduction Ramachandra (Medical) University, Chennai. He is Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids are the four major currently in Jain Univer- sity, Bangalore. He chemical constituents of living organisms. These four classes of continues to teach and do organic compounds are the main players in the emergence and research. His work is in existence of life. Extensive pioneering contributions to the devel- the area of organosilicon opment of all these areas of organic chemistry and biochemistry chemistry, synthetic and mechanistic organic were made by Emil Fischer through his more than four decades of chemistry, and clay- brilliant research work starting from the early 1870s. His uncanny catalysed organic reactions skills in analytical and synthetic work, his extraordinary under- (Green Chemistry). standing of the enormous amount of experimental results and their correct interpretation laid a solid foundation for the chemis- try of these biologically important molecules. Though his work essentially constituted analytical and synthetic organic chemis- try, its reach extended to other areas, particularly stereochemis- try, biochemistry, physiology and medicine. -
Scientists and War 1916-2016 by Dave Webb Leeds Beckett University and Scientists for Global Responsibility
Scientists and War 1916-2016 By Dave Webb Leeds Beckett University and Scientists for Global Responsibility The quest for understanding and to know how things work – to find out why they are, what they are - has always been a major driving force for scientists. There are, however, other more negative external drivers – such as the pursuit for military superiority, even in times of peace. Science and engineering have unfortunately made killing easier by helping to develop new types of weapons and World War 1 saw more than its fair share of those. The war also saw a mixture of attitudes from scientists and engineers. Many thought it their duty to help develop new weapons technologies. But there were also those who would not participate in the killing. To understand the social pressures on scientists who spoke out against the war, we need to recognise the cultural context at that time. Just before World War 2 an article in Time magazine dated 11 September 1939, entitled Science and War, expressed the opinion that scientists were not to blame for the way in which their discoveries were used by “men of bad will” and misapplied to “the conquest and murder of men”. This also seemed to be the attitude of many scientists in 1914, and perhaps remains so today. Some though were directly involved. At the outbreak of the First World War, men with specialist scientific and technological skills were not prevented from serving at the Front – by Germany or the Allies. Although some were placed into departments of Time Magazine Front Cover, the armed forces where their skills could be used – for example September 11, 1939 Physicists Ernest Rutherford (Professor of Physics at Manchester since 1907 and winner of the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) and William Henry Bragg (holder of the Cavendish chair of physics at Leeds since 1909) went to carry out anti-submarine work for the Admiralty.