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List of Nobel laureates 1

List of Nobel laureates

The Nobel Prizes (Swedish: Nobelpriset, Norwegian: Nobelprisen) are awarded annually by the Royal of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the , and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of , , literature, peace, and or .[1] They were established by the 1895 will of , which dictates that the awards should be administered by the . Another prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of , for contributors to the field of .[2] Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.[3] Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award that has varied throughout the years.[2] In 1901, the recipients of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. In 2008, the winners were awarded a prize amount of 10,000,000 SEK.[4] The awards are presented in in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.[5] As of 2011, 826 individuals and 20 organizations have been awarded a , including 69 winners of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.[6] Four Nobel laureates were not permitted by their governments to accept the Nobel Prize. forbade three Germans, (Chemistry, 1938), (Chemistry, 1939), and (Physiology or Medicine, 1939), from accepting their Nobel Prizes, and the government of the pressured (Literature, 1958) to decline his award. Two Nobel laureates, Jean-Paul Sartre (Literature, 1964) and Lê Ðức Thọ (Peace, 1973), declined the award; Sartre declined the award as he declined all official honors, and Lê declined the award due to the situation Vietnam was in at the time. Six laureates have received more than one prize; of the six, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the three times, more than any other.[7] Among the 826 Nobel laureates, 43 have been women; the first woman to win a Nobel Prize was , who won the in 1903.[8] She was also the first person (male or female) to win two Nobel Prizes, the second being the , awarded in 1911.[7] In years in which the Nobel Prize is not awarded due to external events or a lack of nominations, the prize money is returned to the funds delegated to the relevant prize.[9] The Nobel Prize was not awarded between 1940 and 1942 due to the outbreak of World War II.[10]

Laureates

Year Physics Chemistry Physiology Literature Peace Economics or Medicine

1901 Wilhelm Conrad Jacobus H. van 't Emil Adolf von ; — Röntgen Hoff Behring Frédéric Passy

1902 Hendrik A. Lorentz; Hermann Emil Élie Ducommun; — Fischer Albert Gobat

1903 ; Niels Ryberg Finsen Bjørnstjerne — ; Bjørnson Marie Curie

1904 Lord Rayleigh Ivan Petrovich Frédéric Mistral; Institut de Droit International — Pavlov José Echegaray

1905 — List of Nobel laureates 2

1906 J. J. Thomson ; Giosuè Carducci — Santiago Ramón y Cajal

1907 Albert A. Michelson Charles Louis ; — Alphonse Laveran

1908 Ilya Ilyich Rudolf Christoph Klas Pontus Arnoldson; — Mechnikov; Eucken

1909 Ferdinand Braun; Emil Theodor Selma Lagerlöf Auguste Marie François — Kocher Beernaert; Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant

1910 Johannes Diderik International Peace Bureau — van der Waals

1911 Marie Curie Maurice Tobias Michael Carel Asser; — Maeterlinck

1912 Gustaf Dalén ; —

1913 Heike Kamerlingh Rabindranath — Onnes Tagore

1914 Theodore William Robert Bárány None None — Richards

1915 William Henry Richard Martin None None — Bragg; Willstätter William

1916 None None None Verner von None — Heidenstam

1917 Charles Glover None None Karl Adolph International Committee of the — Barkla Gjellerup; Red Cross

1918 None None None —

1919 None Carl Spitteler —

1920 Charles Édouard Walther Hermann Léon Bourgeois — Guillaume Nernst

1921 None Anatole ; —

1922 Francis William ; — Aston Otto Fritz Meyerhof

1923 Robert A. Millikan ; William Butler None — John James Richard Yeats Macleod

1924 None Władysław None — Reymont

1925 ; Richard Adolf None George Bernard ; — Gustav Hertz Zsigmondy Shaw Charles G. Dawes

1926 Johannes Andreas ; — Grib Fibiger List of Nobel laureates 3

1927 Arthur H. Compton; Heinrich Otto Julius ; — Charles Thomson Wieland Wagner-Jauregg Rees Wilson

1928 Owen Willans Adolf Otto None — Richardson Reinhold Windaus

1929 ; ; Frank B. Kellogg — Hans von Frederick Gowland Euler-Chelpin Hopkins

1930 Chandrasekhara Nathan Söderblom — Venkata Raman

1931 None ; Otto Heinrich ; — Warburg

1932 Charles Scott None — Sherrington; Edgar Douglas Adrian

1933 Erwin Schrödinger; None Thomas Hunt — Paul A.M. Dirac Morgan

1934 None Harold Clayton ; — Urey ; William P. Murphy

1935 Frédéric None — Joliot-Curie; Irène Joliot-Curie

1936 Victor F. Hess; ; Eugene O'Neill — Carl D. Anderson

1937 ; Walter Haworth; Albert Szent-Györgyi Roger Martin du Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount — George Paget Gard Thomson

1938 Richard Kuhn[A] Pearl S. Buck Nansen International Office For — Refugees

1939 Adolf Butenandt;[A] Gerhard Domagk[A] Frans Eemil None — Lavoslav Ružička Sillanpää

1940 None None None None None —

1941 None None None None None —

1942 None None None None None —

1943 ; None None — Edward Adelbert Doisy

1944 ; Johannes Vilhelm International Committee of the — Herbert Spencer Jensen Red Cross Gasser

1945 Artturi Ilmari ; — Virtanen Ernst Boris Chain; Howard Walter Florey List of Nobel laureates 4

1946 Percy W. Bridgman James B. Sumner; Hermann Joseph ; — John Howard Muller Northrop;

1947 Edward V. Appleton Robert Robinson Carl Ferdinand Cori; André Gide Friends Service Council; — Gerty Theresa Cori; American Friends Service Committee

1948 Patrick M.S. Blackett Paul Hermann T. S. Eliot None[B] — Müller

1949 ; — António Egas Moniz

1950 Cecil Powell ; Philip Showalter — Hench; Edward Calvin Kendall; Tadeus Reichstein

1951 ; Edwin McMillan; Max Theiler Pär Lagerkvist Léon Jouhaux — Ernest T.S. Walton Glenn T. Seaborg

1952 ; Archer John Porter François Mauriac — Edward M. Purcell Martin; Richard Laurence Millington Synge

1953 Hermann Hans Adolf Krebs; George Marshall — Staudinger Fritz Albert Lipmann

1954 ; John Franklin High — Enders; Commissioner for Refugees Frederick Chapman Robbins; Thomas Huckle Weller

1955 Willis E. Lamb; Vincent du Halldór Laxness None — Vigneaud

1956 ; Cyril Norman André Frédéric Juan Ramón None — Walter H. Brattain; Hinshelwood; Cournand; Jiménez William B. Shockley Nikolay ; Nikolaevich Dickinson W. Semenov Richards

1957 Chen Ning Yang; Lord (Alexander Lester B. Pearson — Tsung-Dao Lee R.) Todd

1958 Pavel A. Cherenkov; George Wells Boris Pasternak[C] Georges Pire — Il´ja M. Frank; Beadle; Igor Y. Tamm Edward Lawrie Tatum;

1959 Emilio Segrè; Jaroslav Heyrovský ; Salvatore Philip J. Noel-Baker — Quasimodo

1960 Donald A. Glaser Frank Macfarlane Saint-John Perse Albert Lutuli — Burnet; List of Nobel laureates 5

1961 ; Georg von Békésy Ivo Andrić Dag Hammarskjöld — Rudolf Mössbauer

1962 ; ; Linus Pauling — James D. Watson;

1963 ; ; John Carew Eccles; International Committee of the — Maria Alan Lloyd Hodgkin; Red Cross; Goeppert-Mayer; League of Red Cross societies J. Hans D. Jensen

1964 Charles H. Townes; Dorothy Crowfoot Konrad Emil Bloch; Jean-Paul Sartre[D] Martin Luther King, Jr. — Nicolay G. Basov; Hodgkin Feodor Felix Konrad Aleksandr M. Lynen Prokhorov

1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga; Robert Burns François Jacob; Michail United Nations International — ; Woodward André Michel Lwoff; Aleksandrovich Children's Emergency Fund Richard P. Feynman Sholokhov (UNICEF)

1966 Robert S. Mulliken ; Shmuel Yosef None — Charles Brenton Agnon; Huggins

1967 ; ; Miguel Ángel None — Ronald George Haldan Keffer Asturias Wreyford Norrish; Hartline;

1968 Luis Alvarez Robert W. Holley; René Cassin — ; Marshall Warren Nirenberg

1969 Murray Gell-Mann ; Max Delbrück; International Labour Ragnar Anton ; Organization Kittil Frisch;

1970 Hannes Alfvén; Luis F. Leloir ; Aleksandr Louis Néel ; Solzhenitsyn

1971 Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.

1972 John Bardeen; Christian B. ; Heinrich Böll None John Hicks; Leon Neil Cooper; Anfinsen; Rodney Robert Robert Schrieffer ; Porter William Howard Stein

1973 ; ; ; ; Wassily ; Geoffrey ; Lê Ðức Thọ[E] Leontief Brian David Wilkinson Josephson

1974 ; ; ; Seán MacBride; ; ; Eisaku Satō

1975 ; ; David ; Leonid Ben R. Mottelson; ; Kantorovich; Howard Martin Tjalling Temin Koopmans List of Nobel laureates 6

1976 ; Baruch Samuel Betty Williams; Milton Samuel C.C. Ting Blumberg; Mairead Corrigan Friedman

1977 Philip Warren ; ; Anderson; ; Sir Nevill F. Mott; Rosalyn Sussman John H. van Vleck Yalow

1978 ; Peter D. Mitchell ; Isaac Bashevis Anwar El Sadat; Herbert Simon Arno Penzias; ; Singer Robert Woodrow Hamilton O. Smith Wilson

1979 Sheldon Glashow; Herbert C. Brown; Allan McLeod Theodore ; Cormack; Schultz; Arthur Lewis

1980 ; ; ; Czesław Miłosz Adolfo Pérez Esquivel Val Fitch ; ; Frederick Sanger George Davis Snell

1981 Nicolaas ; Roger W. Sperry; United Nations High James Tobin Bloembergen; David H. Hubel; Commissioner for Refugees Arthur L. Schawlow; Torsten N. Wiesel Kai M. Siegbahn

1982 Kenneth G. Wilson Sune Bergström; Gabriel García ; Bengt I. Samuelsson; Márquez Alfonso García Robles John Robert Vane

1983 Subramanyan Barbara McClintock Lech Wałęsa Gérard Debreu Chandrasekhar; William A. Fowler

1984 ; Robert Bruce ; Richard Stone Merrifield Georges J. F. Köhler; César Milstein

1985 Herbert A. Michael Stuart International for the Franco Hauptman; Brown; Prevention of Nuclear War Modigliani Joseph L. Goldstein

1986 ; Dudley R. Stanley Cohen; James M. ; Herschbach; Rita Levi-Montalcini Buchanan Yuan T. Lee; John C. Polanyi

1987 J. ; Donald J. Cram; Óscar Arias K. Alex Müller Jean-Marie Lehn; Charles J. Pedersen

1988 Leon M. Lederman; Johann James W. Black; United Nations Peace-Keeping Maurice Allais ; Deisenhofer; Gertrude B. Elion; Forces ; George H. Hitchings

1989 Norman F. Ramsey; ; J. Michael Bishop; Camilo José Cela Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Trygve Hans G. Dehmelt; Harold E. Varmus Lama Haavelmo List of Nobel laureates 7

1990 Jerome I. Friedman; ; Harry Henry W. Kendall; E. Donnall Thomas Markowitz; Richard E. Taylor ; William Forsyth Sharpe

1991 Pierre-Gilles de Richard R. Ernst ; Gennes

1992 Rudolph A. Marcus Edmond H. Fischer; Rigoberta Menchú Edwin G. Krebs

1993 Russell A. Hulse; ; Richard J. Roberts; ; Robert Fogel; Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. Phillip Allen Sharp Frederik Willem de Klerk Douglass North

1994 Bertram N. George Andrew Alfred G. Gilman; Kenzaburo Oe ; ; Brockhouse; Olah ; John Forbes Clifford G. Shull Nash; Reinhard Selten

1995 Martin L. Perl; Paul J. Crutzen; Edward B. Lewis; ; Robert Lucas, Mario J. Molina; Christiane Pugwash Conferences on Jr. Frank Sherwood Nüsslein-Volhard; Science and World Affairs Rowland Eric F. Wieschaus

1996 David M. Lee; Robert F. Curl Jr.; Peter C. Doherty; Wisława Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo; James Mirrlees; Douglas D. Osheroff; Harold Kroto; Rolf M. Zinkernagel Szymborska José Ramos-Horta William Robert Coleman Vickrey Richardson

1997 ; Paul D. Boyer; Stanley B. Prusiner International Campaign to Ban Robert C. Claude John E. Walker; Landmines; Merton; Cohen-Tannoudji; Myron Scholes William D. Phillips

1998 Robert B. Laughlin; ; Robert F. Furchgott; José Saramago ; Horst L. Störmer; Louis J. Ignarro; Daniel C. Tsui

1999 Gerardus 't Hooft; Günter Blobel Günter Grass Médecins Sans Frontières Martinus J.G. Veltman

2000 Zhores I. Alferov; Alan J. Heeger; ; Kim Dae Jung James ; Alan MacDiarmid; ; Heckman; Daniel McFadden

2001 Eric A. Cornell; William S. Leland H. Hartwell; V. S. Naipaul United Nations; George ; Knowles; ; Akerlof; Carl E. Wieman Ryōji Noyori; Michael Karl Barry Spence; Sharpless Joseph E. Stiglitz

2002 Raymond Davis, Jr.; John Bennett Fenn; ; Imre Kertész Daniel ; ; H. Robert Horvitz; Kahneman; Kurt Wüthrich John E. Sulston Vernon L. Smith

2003 Alexei A. Abrikosov; ; ; J. M. Coetzee Robert F. Vitaly L. Ginzburg; Roderick Engle; Anthony J. Leggett MacKinnon Clive Granger List of Nobel laureates 8

2004 David J. Gross; Aaron ; Finn E. H. David Politzer; Ciechanover; Linda B. Buck Kydland; ; Edward C. Prescott

2005 Roy J. Glauber; ; ; International Atomic Energy Robert John L. Hall; Robert H. Grubbs; Agency; Aumann; Theodor W. Hänsch Richard R. Schrock Mohamed ElBaradei

2006 John C. Mather; Roger D. Kornberg ; ; George F. Smoot

2007 ; ; Intergovernmental Panel on Leonid Peter Grünberg ; Climate Change; Hurwicz; ;

2008 ; Osamu ; Jean-Marie Gustave Paul Krugman Makoto Kobayashi; Shimomura; Françoise Le Clézio ; Barré-Sinoussi; Roger Y. Tsien

2009 Charles K. Kao; Venkatraman ; Herta Müller ; Willard S. Boyle; Ramakrishnan; Carol W. Greider; Oliver E. George E. Smith Thomas A. Steitz; Jack W. Szostak Williamson Ada E. Yonath

2010 ; Richard Heck; Robert G. Edwards [F] Peter A. Konstantin Ei-ichi Negishi; Diamond; Novoselov Dale T. Mortensen; Christopher A. Pissarides

2011 ; ; Tomas Tranströmer ; Thomas J. Adam G. Riess; Jules A. Hoffmann; ; Sargent; Brian P. Schmidt Ralph M. Steinman Tawakel Karman Christopher A. Sims

Year Physics Chemistry Physiology Literature Peace Economics or Medicine

Notes • A In 1938 and 1939, the government of did not allow three German Nobel Laureates to accept their Nobel Prizes. The three were Richard Kuhn, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry in 1938; Adolf Butenandt, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry in 1939; and Gerhard Domagk, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine in 1939. They were later awarded the Nobel Prize diploma and medal, but not the money.[7] • B In 1948, the Nobel Prize in Peace was not awarded. The Nobel Foundation's website suggests that it would have been awarded to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, however, due to his assassination earlier that year, it was left unassigned in his honor.[11] • C In 1958, Russian-born Boris Pasternak, under pressure from the government of the Soviet Union, was forced to decline the Nobel Prize in Literature.[7] • D In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre refused to accept the Nobel Prize in Literature, as he had consistently refused all official honors in the past.[7] • E In 1973, Lê Ðức Thọ declined the Nobel Peace Prize. His reason was that he felt he did not deserve it because although he helped negotiate the Peace Accords (a cease-fire in the Vietnam War), there had been no actual List of Nobel laureates 9

peace agreement.[7][10] • F In 2010, Liu Xiaobo was unable to receive the Nobel Peace Prize as he was sentenced to eleven years of imprisonment by the Chinese authority.[12]

References General • "All Nobel Laureates in Physics" [13]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25. • "All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry" [14]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25. • "All Nobel Laureates in Medicine" [15]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25. • "All Nobel Laureates in Literature" [16]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25. • "All Nobel Peace Prize Laureates" [17]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25. • "All Laureates in Economics" [18]. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-25. Specific

[1] "Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ alfred_nobel/ ). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2008-11-27.

[2] "The Nobel Prize" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ ). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2008-11-27.

[3] "The Nobel Prize Awarders" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ prize_awarders/ ). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2008-11-27.

[4] "The Nobel Prize Amounts" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080731233358/ http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ amounts. html). Nobel

Foundation. Archived from the original (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ amounts. html) on 2008-07-31. . Retrieved 2008-11-27.

[5] "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080822184717/ http:/ / nobelprize. org/ award_ceremonies/ ). Nobel

Foundation. Archived from the original (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ award_ceremonies/ ) on 2008-08-22. . Retrieved 2008-11-27.

[6] "Frequently Asked Questions - Nobel Laureates" (http:/ / www. nobelprize. org/ faq/ nobel_laureates. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2011-10-14.

[7] "Nobel Laureates Facts" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ nobelprize_facts. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2008-11-27.

[8] "Women Nobel Laureates" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ lists/ women. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2011-10-11.

[9] "List of All Nobel Laureates 1942" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ lists/ 1942. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2008-11-30.

[10] Lundestad, Geir (2001-03-15). "The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ peace/ articles/ lundestad-review/

index. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved 2008-11-30.

[11] Tønnesson, Øyvind (December 1, 1999). "Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureates" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ peace/ articles/

gandhi/ index. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved January 3, 2010. "Later, there have been speculations that the committee members could have had another deceased peace worker than Gandhi in mind when they declared that there was "no suitable living candidate", namely the Swedish UN envoy to Palestine, Count Bernadotte, who was murdered in September 1948. Today, this can be ruled out; Bernadotte had not been nominated in 1948. Thus it seems reasonable to assume that Gandhi would have been invited to to receive the Nobel Peace Prize had he been alive one more year."

[12] "The Nobel Peace Prize 2010 - Presentation Speech" (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ peace/ laureates/ 2010/ presentation-speech. html). Nobel Foundation. . Retrieved October 10, 2011.

[13] http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ physics/ laureates/

[14] http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ chemistry/ laureates/

[15] http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ medicine/ laureates/

[16] http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ literature/ laureates/

[17] http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ peace/ laureates/

[18] http:/ / nobelprize. org/ nobel_prizes/ economics/ laureates/

External links

• Official website of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (http:/ / www. kva. se/ en/ )

• Official website of the Nobel Foundation (http:/ / nobelprize. org/ )

• Downloadable Database of Nobel Laureates (http:/ / www. aggdata. com/ awards/ nobel_prize_winners) Article Sources and Contributors 10

Article Sources and Contributors

List of Nobel laureates Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=483410685 Contributors: -Majestic-, 119, 1969, 831mmm, 8thstar, A. Carty, Absynthetics, Aditya, Aecis, Ahoerstemeier, Akriasas, Alansohn, Aleph-4, Ancheta Wis, Anonymous101, Anthon.Eff, Apoorv.sharma, Arievoorman, Avala, Avenue, Avitya, Ayush Awasthi, Bart Versieck, Bartemovych, Batmanand, Bdentremont, Bduke, Betacommand, Bignoter, BillFlis, Biruitorul, Brennhaut, Brian0918, Bunyip69, Bwsmith1, C.Fred, CT Cooper, Caiaffa, Camerong, Camptown, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Carl Daniels, Challenger440, Chalst, Chick Bowen, ChrisfromHouston, Chrishmt0423, Cocu, Colonies Chris, CommonsDelinker, Cornellrockey, Courcelles, Coutasji, DRHagen, DaL33T, Darkspots, Davshul, Dawnseeker2000, Dekisugi, Denisutku, Dina, Dissident, Dom Kaos, DoubleBlue, Dresdnhope, Dwab3, Easter Monkey, Eleazar, Emerson7, Epbr123, Erickarros743, Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, Eskildalenius, Esoltas, Esuzu, Eustress, Evil Monkey, Fastfission, Favonian, Federationdrumer, Fibonacci, Flo98, Fram, Frarmy88, Fredhater11, Freelance , Frelke, Funandtrvl, GMMarques, GVU, GabrielF, Gamaliel, Giftlite, Gilesgate, GirasoleDE, Gogo Dodo, GrahamHardy, Hans Dunkelberg, Hapsala, Hardy01, Harryedwards, Iankap99, Icairns, Infrogmation, Iohannes Animosus, Itinerant1, Jackl, Jackycwong, Jafeluv, James Gunasekera, JamesAM, Jan.Kamenicek, Jarszick, Jayen466, Jeancey, Jeltz, Jim Douglas, Jon Harald Søby, Jshkabatur, Jujutacular, JustAGal, Jxp313, Kappa, Keith Edkins, Kevin Rector, King Hildebrand, King of Hearts, KingKlutch, Koavf, Kpalion, Lambiam, Lampman, Lana Banana, Lando Calrissian, LarRan, Largoplazo, Lectonar, Liftarn, Lightmouse, MAG1, Mabuhelwa, Male1979, Matthewedwards, Mcshadypl, Mikehelms, Mitch Ames, Mkyanksfan, Moorlock, Mortense, Mxn, NHRHS2010, Naddy, NordhornerII, OCNative, Ockid95, Ornithologician, Orphan Wiki, PDH, Panda, PantsB, PatriceNeff, Pear1234567890, Pecher, Pepe512671, PeterCanthropus, PeterSymonds, Peterbr, Petiatil, Phantomsteve, Phils, Phoenix74x, PiRSquared17, Piano non troppo, Piotrek54321, Pip2andahalf, Pointillist, Pontificalibus, Postoak, Pra1998, Primerakis, Pristino, Proteus, Pufferfish101, Qxz, Qzwsx, Radagast, Rambo's Revenge, Rangoon11, Ratemonth, Ravenonawritingdesk, Reedy, RicardaHuch, Rich Farmbrough, RossPatterson, Rtlee9, RuiSp, Russoc4, SGBailey, Saga City, SandyGeorgia, Savidan, Sayeth, Scorpion0422, SemperBlotto, Sephiroth BCR, Setanta747 (locked), Shanes, SirWoland, Sj, Sluj, Spikethedog, SpuriousQ, Srleffler, Stadtpark, Star Garnet, Steinbach, Stephenb, Steveprutz, Stone, Synchronism, TFTD, TGilmour, Taibah U, The Gnome, The wub, The1bigbear, Thechouster, Thetruthnow2012, Thingg, Thirdeyerevo, Thuppayath, Timmymalletwtf, Tired time, Tullanad, Ufinne, Valip, Vclaw, Vegaswikian, Velho, Vision Thing, Vivekuno, Volunteer Marek, Wilsonater23456, Wsidell, Yerpo, Zariane, Zezimuh, Zrem, Zvika, 395 anonymous edits

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