Propuesta De Rediseño Del Proceso De Control De Calidad De Repuestos En Metro S.A Para Incrementar La Calidad Del Servicio De Transporte.”

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Propuesta De Rediseño Del Proceso De Control De Calidad De Repuestos En Metro S.A Para Incrementar La Calidad Del Servicio De Transporte.” UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FÍSICAS Y MATEMÁTICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL “PROPUESTA DE REDISEÑO DEL PROCESO DE CONTROL DE CALIDAD DE REPUESTOS EN METRO S.A PARA INCREMENTAR LA CALIDAD DEL SERVICIO DE TRANSPORTE.” MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO CIVIL INDUSTRIAL CÉSAR IGNACIO CORREA PÉREZ PROFESOR GUÍA: DANIEL VARELA LÓPEZ MIEMBROS DE LA COMISIÓN: ROCÍO RUIZ MORENO SERGIO ROJAS NAZAL SANTIAGO DE CHILE 2019 RESUMEN DE LA MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL TÍTULO DE: Ingeniero Civil Industrial POR: César Ignacio Correa Pérez FECHA: 07/01/2019 PROFESOR GUÍA: Daniel Varela López PROPUESTA DE REDISEÑO DEL PROCESO DE CONTROL DE CALIDAD DE REPUESTOS EN METRO S.A PARA INCREMENTAR LA CALIDAD DEL SERVICIO DE TRANSPORTE. El presente trabajo de título se enmarca en la empresa Metro y establece el desarrollo de una propuesta de rediseño para el proceso de control de calidad de repuestos utilizados en tareas de mantenimiento, con el objetivo de generar un control oportuno de las no conformidades y reducir los tiempos de ejecución del proceso. El proceso de control de calidad se encarga de verificar el cumplimiento de las características técnicas de los repuestos adquiridos, para así asegurar un correcto funcionamiento de los equipos durante la explotación. Las oportunidades de mejora detectadas hacen referencia a generar un proceso de medición de calidad diferenciado, en el cual enfatizar un control más exhaustivo a repuestos de mayor importancia. Por otro lado, se detectó una baja estandarización del proceso que afecta la eficiencia de éste y el uso de recursos. También se detectó el incumplimiento de los plazos establecidos como meta para el proceso, lo cual se relaciona con la baja implementación del control y retroalimentación del proceso. En función de dichas oportunidades, este trabajo de tesis plantea el objetivo de reducir los tiempos del proceso y asegurar la detección oportuna de repuestos no conformes en calidad, garantizando el uso de piezas de calidad en mantenimientos e incrementando en consecuencia la calidad del servicio de transporte de pasajeros. Finalmente, las soluciones planteadas buscan generar una reducción de los tiempos de ejecución de controles de calidad a través del establecimiento de planes de muestreo estándares, que mejorarán la utilización de recursos al enfocarse en los repuestos de mayor importancia y controlarán el desempeño del proceso a través del uso de KPI’s, para detectar oportunamente desviaciones de calidad en repuestos que puedan ser usados en tareas de mantenimiento y en consecuencia puedan generar fallas potenciales del servicio. ii AGRADECIMIENTOS En primer lugar, quiero agradecer a mi familia que me ha apoyado incondicionalmente durante estos largos 7 años. A mis padres Marco y Gema, que se han esforzado para que jamás me faltase algo en ningún ámbito y siempre estuvieron ahí apoyándome en momentos difíciles, siempre con una palabra de aliento o un gesto de amor. A mi hermano Marco, que tuvo la paciencia de ser mi compañero de vivienda y soportó todas mis malas costumbres y mi mal genio, sobre todo en el período de desarrollo de la tesis, donde el estrés aumentó con notoriedad y las responsabilidades del hogar pasaron a segundo plano. A mis amigos que siempre me dieron ánimo para seguir trabajando y estuvieron siempre ahí para darme sus consejos y escuchar los problemas que me aquejaban. Agradezco eternamente los momentos de distención y alegría que vivimos durante nuestra época universitaria. Nacho, Alex, Miguel, Ricardo, Tomy, Coke, Claudio, Iquique, Lemu, Kurt, Fafeto, Pipe y Juaco ¡son grandes! A mis compañeros de la rama de ciclismo de la universidad (ECUCH) que fueron con quienes compartí mi pasión durante estos años. La bicicleta fue una terapia para poder liberar las tensiones causadas por las responsabilidades de los estudios y los problemas de la vida. A metro por darme la oportunidad de trabajar en conjunto durante casi un año y en particular a Luis, Gonzalo, Josey, Alexis, Sebastián y Eric por siempre tener disponibilidad para responder a mis solicitudes y darme consejos para mi futuro laboral. Finalmente agradecer al cuerpo docente que me ayudó y me orientó durante el desarrollo de la tesis. A Daniel, Rocío y Jorge debo darles un agradecimiento especial por siempre darme consejos que guiaron mi trabajo hacia uno de alto estándar. Gracias por dedicar parte de su tiempo a escuchar las presentaciones, darme siempre retroalimentación y por las reuniones de trabajo personalizadas que me permitieron visualizar acertadamente el panorama y tomar decisiones de mejor manera. iii TABLA DE CONTENIDO AGRADECIMIENTOS ................................................................................................................................... III TABLA DE CONTENIDO .............................................................................................................................. IV CAPÍTULO I: ANTECEDENTES GENERALES O INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................ 1 1. CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO EN LA REGIÓN METROPOLITANA ...................................................... 1 1.1 ACTORES DEL TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO DE SANTIAGO .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 CARACTERIZACIÓN DE VIAJES EN LA RM ......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 COMPARACIÓN SISTEMA TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO CHILENO CON EL RESTO DEL MUNDO ............................................ 3 2. METRO S.A. ............................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 SERVICIOS ENTREGADOS .............................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 VALORES EMPRESARIALES Y ORGANIGRAMA ................................................................................................... 4 2.3 CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA EMPRESA ............................................................................................................... 5 2.4 COMPARACIÓN CON METROS DE LATINOAMÉRICA .......................................................................................... 6 2.5 TENDENCIAS DEL TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO A NIVEL NACIONAL ............................................................................... 7 3. JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL TEMA ....................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 GERENCIA MANTENIMIENTO ....................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.1 OBJETIVOS DE LA GERENCIA DE MANTENIMIENTO......................................................................................... 8 3.1.2 ESTRUCTURA ORGANIZACIONAL GMAN ..................................................................................................... 9 3.1.3 PRINCIPALES FUNCIONES GMAN .............................................................................................................. 9 3.2 INFORMACIÓN DEL ÁREA DE LA EMPRESA .....................................................................................................11 3.2.1 PRINCIPALES FUNCIONES ........................................................................................................................11 3.2.2 ORGANIGRAMA ....................................................................................................................................11 3.2.3 CONTRAPARTE .....................................................................................................................................12 3.2.4 BENEFICIARIOS .....................................................................................................................................12 3.3 IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA .................................................................................................................12 3.3.1 IMPORTANCIA DE LOS REPUESTOS PARA LA GMAN ....................................................................................12 3.3.2 IMPACTO DE LA SITUACIÓN ACTUAL ..........................................................................................................13 4. OBJETIVOS .............................................................................................................................................15 4.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................15 4.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ............................................................................................................................15 CAPÍTULO II: MARCO CONCEPTUAL .............................................................................................................17 1. REINGENIERÍA DE SISTEMAS .........................................................................................................................17 2. BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT O GESTIÓN DE PROCESOS DE NEGOCIOS (BPM) ...............................................17 3. BUSINESS PROCESS REDESIGN (BPR) .............................................................................................................18 3.1 FUNCIONES DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN ............................................................................................................19 3.2 VARIABLES DE CAMBIO ..............................................................................................................................20
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