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The Role of Nigerian Translators in Promoting Nationhood and National Consciousness

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The Role of Nigerian Translators in Promoting Nationhood and National Consciousness KIU Journal of Social Sciences KIU Journal of Social Sciences Copyright©2019 Kampala International University ISSN: 2413-9580; 5(2): 85- 90 The Role of Nigerian Translators in Promoting Nationhood and National Consciousness ODIZURU ITEOGU Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria. Abstract. Language is doubly regarded in this stabilize or destabilize any political paper as a psycho-social phenomenon relevant arrangements, especially in potentially unstable to every national development. It is in this emerging democracies of the so-called third context that this write-up has tried to examine world nations of Africa. the language question in Nigeria and how intellectual leadership through translators can Keywords: Issues, Nigerian Languages, Role, contribute to the resolution of the raging Translators, Nationhood, National controversy over selecting or creating a lingua Consciousness. franca for Nigeria‟s multi-ethnic society. Sofar, Nigeria has made attempts, sometimes 1. Introduction feeble or distorted, to devise an indigenously derived lingua franca. Three (3) national Language has been conceived in several ways by languages (Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba) out of five experts depending on their own concepts of it. hundred and twenty two (522) local languages For example, Kelly (1969) says that “in were selected with the intention of eventual considering language, psychologists have selection of one of them as an interim measure concentrated on two of its facets, treating it to promote nationhood and national either as an aspect of human behaviour or as a consciousness. Despite protests by minority factor in social activity”. His second view of groups and GUOSA language experiment, not language is that itis a “skill or social activity”. much progress seems to have been made to Therefore, language could be regarded as both a several logistic and political factors. “psychological and social phenomenon needed In the interim, academic and professional in the socialization process of the child. On his translators registered with the Nigerian Institute part, David (1987) sees language “as unique due of Translators and interpreters (NITI) should be to its ability to capture the extensive spread of co-opted to provide intellectual leadership by human thought”. In other words, language acts translating major works of Nigerian major as a purveyor of human thought and its effect on languages. This will surely promote intercultural all the possible outcomes of human interaction. understanding among Nigerians, perhaps Obi-Okoye (2002) quoting David (1987) shares reducing the mutual suspicion of ethic the view that “language appears to be the single dominance among the major groups. most important endowment of human kind as a The 21st century should witness more concerted means of understanding ourselves and our efforts towards a resolution of the language society and of resolving some of the problems question and building a strong foundation for and tensions that arise from human interaction”. nationhood and national consciousness. Language is a major vehicle of transmission of Therefore, language plays a major role in cultural ideas, values and belief and a tool to promoting human understanding and mutual 85 KIU Journal of Social Sciences respect among races and nations. Thus, the is the suspicion that the choice of one local promotion of human understanding is even more language as the lingua franca of the county urgently needed in a multilingual) society. might probably put speakers of the other local Nigeria needs to give due regard to language in languages at a disadvantage. the ECOWAS sub-region, being an important player in the socio-political and economic Ajlbade (1994) quoting Hansford (1976) writes development and control in the west African that “the multilingual Nigerian situation is more region which is massively occupied by French- complex than normal due to her past history of speaking countries such as Niger, Cameroon, colonization. According to him, this has led to a Benin, Togo, Gabon, Burkina Faso, situation where about 300 languages were made Coted‟lvoire, Guinea, etc. In the consideration of to co-exist forcefully in one territory by the French language study, the Nigerian situation is colonial administrators. This researcher avers more complicated if we consider the that for the purpose of communication, a overwhelming presence and impact of English common language for administrative (the nation‟s official language) and the necessity convenience had to be chosen fast by the for getting translators involved in promoting colonial administrators who needed to national understanding and stability. This is in communicate with their subjects in the most addition to the privileged position of the efficient manner, hence the ascendancy of majority languages (Hausa, lgbo, Yoruba) English Language in Nigeria. considered as national languages on the In Nigeria, no one doubts that there is a language curriculum in secondary schools. In the language problem, a situation which has obliged midst of this multilingual situation, Nigeria‟s linguists and policymakers to seek a solution to language problem is likely to take more time to the problem of multilingualism. Das Gupta resolve by all stake-holders, policy-makers and (1968), Elugbe and Emenamjo (1990) implementers interested in promoting the corroborate the view that many new political nationhood of Nigeria and national entities are based on tribal attachments by consciousness among its citizens, a pre- segmental groups more than their ties with the condition for a hastened development of our countries. Emenanjo (1990) opines further that country. cleavages have developed but asks how this situation is managed in developmental issues of 2. Review of Literature the nation. Emenanjo (19903 further explains Perhaps ...ninety percent of four people in both In the midst of the apparent confusion of terms, urban and rural areas are untouched by their it is evident that Nigeria is yet to devise a lingua alleged Communicative role of English... I franca. A lingua franca is a commonly and should also point out that no artificially- internally derived (endoglossic) mode of general developed language will or does qualify as a communication in any nation. What Nigeria national language in Nigeria. possesses may be categorized as constitutionally This quotation is a reminder of the difficult accepted languages (Hausa, lgbo, Yoruba) and obstacle towards deriving an indigenous lingua English (the official language). This has created franca for Nigeria. Apart from the WAZOBIA a problem of how to devise a lingua franca. This experiment, there was a second effort. The has made Oyedola (1998) to explain that the second attempt was the GUOSA artificial multi-lingual make-up of Nigeria has thrown up language, a language developed by one Mr. Alex difficult options in the attempt to select one of Igbineweka, widely reported by federal the more than 300 languages spoken in Nigeria electronic media. But criticisms killed the as the lingua franca, considering that a lingua experiment. For example, Emenanjo (1990) says franca must be indigenously derived. This again: Inability Is based on sensitive Issues related to GUOSA was not considered a natural language the choice of a lingua franca in a country where because in a natural language, an infinity of the fears of ethnic subjugation are too obvious sentences Is possible In case of GUOSA not even and almost palpable. In the case of Nigeria, there Mr lgbineweka himself Is a complete dictionary 86 KIU Journal of Social Sciences of the language since he constantly has to toll Arising from the above problems, Simpson away at expressing a new Idea In GUOSA. emphasizes reasons for a national language This meant that GUOSA was an experiment that (Lingua franca) and they include (i) national died before it could take off. Other failed consciousness and pride (ii) Cultural dynamism suggestions ranged from the WAZOBIA to (iii) physiological equilibrium (iv) efficacy and pidgin and the Ife six- year experiment with meaningful communication. The summary of Yoruba language carried out by Fafunwa in Simpson‟s proposal boils down to one 1974. Fafunwa‟s experiment was a bold step, but conclusion: let Hausa language be chosen as the experiment failed because there was no Nigeria‟s lingua Franca and his reasons are official backing. threefold: On the part of the Federal Government of (i) Since Hausa has relatively fewer dialect, its Nigeria since Independence (1960), attempts learnability will be enhanced over and above have been made toward the evolution of a lingua other major languages (ii) Hausa has a greater franca in Nigeria. Then, if we accept Dunstan‟s number of Nigerian speakers not of northern position (1969) that a lingua franca is a language origin and (iii) Hausa has greater influence spoken by at least seventy five percent of the outside Nigerian borders. populace and backed up by a legal approval, English may not qualify since less than this However such scholars as Emenanjo and Osaji percent of Nigerians speak it and itis not (1990) share the view that “since each of these indigenous to the country. great traditions (languages) is numerically and ideologically strong enough to support separate At best, English is an official language to and large scale socio-cultural and administrative Nigerians. As Dunstan (1969) says, “the integrations their competition within a single question of the number and inter-relationship of politic makes for rather constant
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