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Ap* Comparative Government and Politics: an Essential Coursebook AP* COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS: AN ESSENTIAL COURSEBOOK SEVENTH EDITION by Ethel Wood WoodYard Publications *AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board which was not involved in the production of and does not endorse this book. AP Comparative Government and Politics: An Essential Coursebook, Seventh Edi- TABLE OF CONTENTS tion PREFACE..........................................................................................7 Published by WoodYard Publications 285 Main Street PART ONE: CONCEPTS...............................................................11 Germantown, NY 12526 Ph. 610-207-1366 Chapter One: Introduction to Comparative Government and Fax 610-372-8401 Politics: A Conceptual Approach.......................................................12 [email protected] http://woodyardpublications.com Questions for Concepts for Comparison..........................................82 PART TWO: COUNTRY CASES..................................................93 Advanced Democracies..................................................................94 Chapter Two: Government and Politics in Britain.............................99 Questions for Britain.......................................................................157 Chapter Three: The European Union..............................................167 Questions for the European Union..................................................187 Communist and Post-Communist Regimes.................................191 Chapter Four: Government and Politics in Russia..........................198 Questions for Russia........................................................................259 Chapter Five: Government and Politics in China..............................270 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any Questions for China.........................................................................329 form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, record- ing or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the author, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Newly Industrializing and Less Developed Countries................340 Copyright 2015 by Ethel Wood Chapter Six: Government and Politics in Mexico...........................350 ISBN 978-0-9895395-5-5 Questions for Mexico......................................................................406 Chapter Seven: Government and Politics in Iran...........................416 Why Comparative Government and Politics? Questions for Iran............................................................................472 Chapter Eight: Government and Politics in Nigeria........................482 I taught social studies classes for many years, mostly at Princeton High Questions for Nigeria......................................................................534 School in Princeton, New Jersey. Like most social studies teachers, my experience included classes in United States history and govern- PART THREE: SAMPLE EXAMINATIONS............................545 ment. I have also published review books, textbooks, readers, and web materials that have required me to do extensive research in vari- Sample Examination One................................................................546 ous types of American studies. Needless to say, I believe that an edu- Sample Examination Two................................................................566 cation in these areas is incredibly important for high school students, and every secondary curriculum should include them. So why is com- MASTER CHARTS.......................................................................584 parative government and politics particularly significant? INDEX............................................................................................588 The 21st century has taught us that we cannot ignore the world around us. Happenings around the globe now directly impact our lives, and social studies teachers and students around the country face the chal- lenge of interpreting complex, puzzling events. The AP comparative course focuses on government and politics in other countries and pro- vides a theoretical framework to compare political systems around the world. It is my hope that this book will help students to grasp some- thing of the political complexities of our global environment, and gain some understanding of both commonalities and differences among modern political systems. In today’s world, we cannot afford not to know. Ethel Wood Germantown, NY October 2015 Other Books by Ethel Wood PREFACE: THE COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS EXAMINATION American Government: A Complete Coursebook The AP Comparative Government and Politics Examination adminis- tered by the College Board in May lasts for two hours and 25 minutes AP European History: An Essential Coursebook, 1st and 2nd editions and consists of the following parts: AP Human Geography: A Study Guide, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd editions • 55 multiple-choice questions (45 minutes allowed; 50% of AP United States History: An Essential Coursebook, 1st and 2nd AP grade) editions • a 100-minute free response section consisting of 8 questions AP World History: An Essential Coursebook, 1st and 2nd editions (50% of AP grade) The Immigrants: An Historical Reader The multiple-choice questions cover all the topics listed below, and test knowledge of comparative theory, methods, and government and Introduction to Sociology politics in Britain, Russia, China, Mexico, Iran, and Nigeria. On the exam, the College Board no longer subtracts one-fourth of the num- Multiple Choice and Free-Response Questions in Preparation for the ber of questions answered incorrectly from the number of questions AP United States Government and Politics Examination, editions 1-7 answered correctly to come up with your score. Since there is no penalty for guessing, it is advisable to answer all questions the best Multiple Choice and Free-Response Questions in Preparation for the that you can. AP World History Examination, editions 1 and 2 The free-response questions are of three types: Teacher’s Guide - AP Comparative Government and Politics • Definition and description (25% of free-response grade) – The Best Test Preparation for the Graduate Record Examination in Students provide brief definitions or descriptions of five con- Political Science cepts or terms, briefly explaining their significance. Students The Presidency: An Historical Reader may have to provide an example of the definition or descrip- tion in one or more of the six core countries. • Conceptual analysis (one question; 25% of free-response grade) – Students must use major concepts from comparative politics, explain important relationships, or discuss the causes and implications of politics and policy. • Country context (two questions; 50% of free-response grade; each question 25%) – These questions focus on specific coun- tries, and require students to use core concepts to analyze one country or compare two countries. The recommended total time for definition and description terms is 30 Your best preparation for the exam is to know your stuff. The ques- minutes; for the conceptual analysis question, 30 minutes; and for each tions do require reading and writing skills, but the surer you are of the of the two country context questions, 20 minutes. However, there are material, the more likely you are to answer the questions correctly. no time divisions among the free-response questions. Instead, a total This book provides the concepts and information, as well as plenty of 100 minutes is allotted to answer all of them. of practice questions that will prepare you for the exam. The most important things are that you learn something about comparative gov- Generally, multiple-choice questions are distributed fairly evenly ernment and politics, and that you learn to love it, too! among the six countries. In addition, many questions are not country- specific, but instead test knowledge of the major concepts. According to the College Board, the topics of the multiple choice questions are distributed as follows: Introduction (methods, purpose of comparisons).............................5% Sovereignty, Authority, and Power.................................................20% Political Institutions.......................................................................35% Citizens, Society, and State............................................................15% Political and Economic Change.....................................................15% Public Policy...................................................................................10% This newly revised 7th Edition of AP Comparative Government and Politics: An Essential Coursebook is designed to help you prepare for the exam by giving you a sound footing in comparative concepts as well as country-specific information about the six core countries. The book is divided into three parts: • Part One – Introduction to Comparative Government and Poli- tics: A Conceptual Approach • Part Two – Country Cases: Advanced Democracies (Great Brit- ain), Communist and Post-Communist Regimes (Russia and Chi- na), and Less-Developed and Newly-Developing Countries (Mex- ico, Iran, and Nigeria) • Part Three – Practice Examinations: Two complete practice ex- ams, each with 55 multiple-choice questions and 8 free-response questions 10 CONCEPTS FOR COMPARISON CONCEPTS FOR COMPARISON 11 PART ONE:
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