DOCSLIB.ORG

Muslim Principles of Marrying Al-Kitabiyyah and It Practice in Malawi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

MUSLIM PRINCIPLES OF MARRYING AL-KITABIYYAH and its practice in Malawi by All Yusuf Andiseni DISSERTATION submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS in Islamic Studies in the FACULTY OF ARTS at the RAND AFRIKAANS UNIVERSITY April 1997 Supervisors: Prof ARI Doi Prof JFJ van Rensburg i Declaration I declare that Muslim Principles of Marrying Al- Kitabiyyah and its practice in Malawi is my own work and that all the sources which I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by appropriate references. Ali Yu-'f Andiseni ii Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my mother whose life style was an, inspiration to me since I was young. She instilled the value of Education and the illumination of Islam within me. This produced the energy and strength within myself to undertake this Research. Unfortunately she did not live long enough to see the fruits of her efforts. May Allah grant her an elevated stage in Paradise. iii Acknowledgements All praise due to Allah who enabled me to pursue my post graduate studies and bestowed upon me the ability to complete this thesis. Firstly, I am deeply indebted to Professor lAbd al-Rabman I. Doi, my supervisor and constant guide for sacrificing his time in guiding me with invaluable suggestions and advices while preparing this thesis. Had I riot constantly worked in the shadow of his guidance and close direction, this thesis would not have reached the desired level of quality. I am equally thankful to Professor JFJ van Rensburg, my co- supervisor, who provided me with invaluable guidance on how to collect the source-material for my thesis, which books were the best to be consulted, and where they were to be located. I am also grateful to Professor J.A. Naude, for his valuable advice and personal interest in my study. iv Special thanks should go to my associate brothers, also undertaking their respective researches: Br. S.I. Omar, Br. I.S. Muhammad and Ml. Khalid Dhorat, for their valuable ideas as far as the structure of the thesis, developing of ideas and the grammatical aspects are concerned. A word of thanks should also go to Ml. Muhammad Ashraf Dockrat for his constant encouragement and interest in my work. The following brothers have been generous and supportive of my endeavours: Ml. Mobeen Cassim, Ml. Michael Mumisa and Ml. Abdullah Jeena. I would be failing in my duty if I were to ignore the support given by my parents, relatives, wife and child. Being away from home and my family, I wish to record my deepest appreciation to my wife, Rasheedah, and child, Fand, for.their moral support, patience, and tolerance throughout the period I spent while conducting this research in a foreign country. v I take this opportunity to thank them once again for their thoughtful appreciation. May Allah reward them all for their contributions. Ali Yusuf Andiseni vi ABSTRACT Mankind today lives in a predominantly heterogeneous and metropolitan society. At all stages of life, social, political, spiritual, there is constantly a diffusion of cultures, ideas and beliefs. South Africa until 1994 was the only example of a country where the broader ethnic groups were separated from each other. Besides this country, all other countries are exposed to this amalgamation and inter-action with each other on a daily basis. Although a mixed society augers well for the propagation and easy penetration of Islam within the populace, it also has its drawbacks. Allah says: 0 mankind! We created you from a single (pair)of a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know each other (not that you may despise each other). Verily, the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you. 1 1 Qur'an 49:13 vii Upon pondering the deeper meaning of the above verse, Allah has prescribed Taqw& (piety and righteousness) as a means of solving any problem resulting from the interaction of different tribes, races, and nations which could be at times a terribly irreconcilable one. The significant number of Muslims in any given society and especially Malawian Muslim society are ignorant of the Muslim Principles of marrying Al-Kitabiyyah (Woman of the Book). That is why we notice an irretrievable breakdown of many families whose husband happen to be a Muslim and the wife is a Kitabiyyah. This type of marriage has caused, and is still causing many problems to the social life of the Malawian Muslims. Children of these families do not enjoy that status of being under the loving care of both their mothers and fathers because their marriages does not last long. It is from this perspective that "Muslim Principles of marrying Al-Kitabiyyah" was chosen to give right direction for those who wants to marry women of the People of the Book. It deals with one small but significant aspect of interaction-the aspect of inter-marriage of Muslim men with Al-Kitabiyyah. vi i i Abbreviations A.H. After the Hijrah A.C. After Christ etc et cetra i.e. that is p. Page S.A.W. Salla Allah `Alayh Wasallam S.W.T. Subhanahu wa Tasala ix NOTES ON THE TRANSLITERATION OF ARABIC WORDS The system of transliteration followed in this thesis is as follows: Letters of the Alphabet (in the order they usually appear) d b t t z th j gh h f kh d k dh 1 r m z n sh Vowels and dipthongs a (fathah) a (for the alif ma qablahu fathah) u (dammah) 11 (for waw ma qablahu dammah) i (kasrah) i (for ya' ma qablahu kasrah) When the noun or adjective ending in ta' marbatah is indefinite, or is preceded by the definite article, without following hamzah al-wasl, ta' marbeitah is transliterated h. When the word ending in ta' marbillah is in the construct state and before hamzah al-wasl, ta' marbillah is transliterated t. The relative adjective is transliterated I and not iy at the end of a word when not followed by hamzah The a/ of the article is always transliterated as al whether it is followed by a "sun letter" or not i.e. regardless of whether or not it is assimilated in pronunciation to the initial consonant of the word to which it is attached. Ibn and bin are both transliterated ibn in all positions. xi TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration Dedication ii Acknowledgements iii-v Abstract vi-vii Abbreviations viii Notes of Transliteration ix-x Table of contents xi-xv CHAPTER ONE: Introduction and Orientation 1 Statement of the Problem 1 Aims and objectives 2-3 Methodology 3 Chapterisation 3-5 CHAPTER TWO: Definition of Ahl a1-Kitab 6 2.1 Who are Ahl al-Kitab 7 7 2.2 Ahl al-Kitab in the Qur'an 7-29 2.3 Ahl al-Kitab according to the opinions of the Jurists...29 2.3.1 Hanafi School opinion 29-30 2.3.2 Malik School opinion 30 2.3.3 Opinion of Shafilis 30-31 2.3.4.Hanbali School opinion 31-32 Conclusion 32-37 CHAPTER THREE: Marriage with the People of the Book 38 3.1 Marriage with the People of the Book according to the Qur'an 39-44 xii 3.2 Marriage with the People of the Book according to the Sunnah and the sayings of theSahabah(R A ) 41-43 3.3 Marriage with the People of the Book according to the opinions of the Jurists 43-68 3.3.1 Marriage with the People of the Book other than Jews and Christians 68 3.3.2 Marriage with the Sabians 68-72 3.3.3 Marriage with Magians 72-76 3.3.4 Marriage with women who follow Suhf (Scriptures) of Prophet Ibrahim and Idris, and Zabur (the holy book Dawal(peace be upon them all) 76-78 3.4 Prohibited Degrees 79 3.4.1 Mutlah (Temporary marriage) 79-95 3.4.2 Shigh&r. marriage 95-98 3.4.3 Nikah Al-Muhallil (Marriage with a tripy divorced wife) 99-104 3.4.4 Marriage of Muhrim (one who is in the state of /Pram i.e. in Pilgrims) 104-108 3.4.5 Marriage with a woman during her `Iddah (waiting period) 108-110 3.4.6 Marriage with a married woman 111-112 3.4.7 Marriage with two women who are related to each other 112-115 3.4.8 Marriage with a Fifth woman 115-117 3.4.9 Marriage with a woman against whom Lilan (Mutual imprecation) 117-121 3.5 Marriage of a Muslim woman by the People of the Book 121-143 3.6 Position of Islam when a Muslim woman has been married by a man from the People of the Book inspite of the Qur'an and Hadith textuals which forbid it 143-146 CHAPTER FOUR: Marriage with the People of the Book in the early 'Ummah 147 4.1 Marriage with the People of the Book by the Prophet (S.A W ) 148-160 4.2 Marriage with the People of the Book by the Companions of the Prophet (S.A W ) 160 4.2.1 'Uthman (R.A ) 160-164 4.2.2 Sa'd ibn 'Abi Waqqas (R.A ) 164-168 XIV 4.2.3 Talbah ibn 'Ubaidullah (R .A ) 168-169 4.3 Marriage with the Poeple of the Book by the Tabilan (The Followers of the Companions of the Prophet (S.A.W.) 170 4.3.1 Mujahid 170 4.3.2 'Ikrimah 171-172 4.3.3 Tawas 172-174 4.3.4 Sa'id ibn Al-Musayyab 174-176 4.3.5 Al-Hasan Al-Basri 176-179 CHAPTER FIVE: Guidelines for the treatment of Al-Kitdbiyyah 180 5.1 Position Al-Kitabiyyah 181-182 5.2 A1-Nafaciah (Maintenance) 182-202 5.3 Ta/aq (Divorce) 202-216 5.4 Khull (Divorce at the Instance of the wife) 216-226 5.5 lIddah (waiting period) 226-234 5.6 Zihar (Injurious Assimilation) 234-237 5.7 Li`an (Mutual Imprecation) 237-242 5.8 'flci' (Vow of Continence) 242-245 5.9 Inheritance 245-249 Conclusion 250 - 253 Bibliography 254 - 266 CHAPTER ONE Introduction and Orientation a)Statement of the problem b)Aims and Objectives c)Methodology d)Chapterisation 2 a) STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The emergence of the 20th century has been witnessed by several developments in the fields of education, technology, economics, cultural and interpersonal relationship, information media etc.
Recommended publications
  • Women and Islamic Law Christie S

    Women and Islamic Law Christie S

    College of William & Mary Law School William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository Faculty Publications Faculty and Deans 2008 Lifting the Veil: Women and Islamic Law Christie S. Warren William & Mary Law School, [email protected] Repository Citation Warren, Christie S., "Lifting the Veil: Women and Islamic Law" (2008). Faculty Publications. 99. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs/99 Copyright c 2008 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs LIFTING THE VEIL: WOMEN AND ISLAMIC LAW CHRISTIES. WARREN * "Treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers." From the Farewell Address of the Holy Prophet Muhammad1 I. INTRODUCTION By the end of February 632 and at the age of sixty-three, the Prophet Muhammad believed that his days on earth were coming to an end.2 He announced to his followers that he would lead the hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, himself that year.3 On March 3, the Prophet delivered his farewell sermon near Mount Arafat.4 Among the limited number of topics he chose to include in his last public speech, he encouraged his followers to deal justly with one another and treat women well. 5 In the modem era, the rights of women under Islamic law have come under heightened scrutiny. Some commentators find the Prophet's farewell speech to be inconsistent with the way women are treated in some areas of the Muslim world. In Saudi Arabia, for example, women may neither drive nor vote.
  • Hadith and Its Principles in the Early Days of Islam

    Hadith and Its Principles in the Early Days of Islam

    HADITH AND ITS PRINCIPLES IN THE EARLY DAYS OF ISLAM A CRITICAL STUDY OF A WESTERN APPROACH FATHIDDIN BEYANOUNI DEPARTMENT OF ARABIC AND ISLAMIC STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Glasgow 1994. © Fathiddin Beyanouni, 1994. ProQuest Number: 11007846 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11007846 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 M t&e name of &Jla&, Most ©racious, Most iKlercifuI “go take to&at tfje iHessenaer aikes you, an& refrain from to&at tie pro&tfuts you. &nO fear gJtati: for aft is strict in ftunis&ment”. ©Ut. It*. 7. CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................4 Abbreviations................................................................................................................ 5 Key to transliteration....................................................................6 A bstract............................................................................................................................7
  • Book Reviews

    Book Reviews

    Book Reviews Iqtidar Husain Siddiqui, Indo-Persian Historiography up Tarikh-i-Fakhr-i-Mudabbir. After emphasizing the to the Thirteenth Century, Delhi: Primus Books, 2010, significance of monarchy, it describes the military success pp. viii + 208, Rs 795. of Sultan Muizzuddin in Ghazni after the ouster of Ghuzz Turks. More importantly, it describes the political career The establishment of the Deihl Sultanate.during the early of Qutbuddin Aibak from his appointment as commander thirteenth century constitutes a watershed in the history of Kuhram and Samana in 1192. It also narrates post-1206 of South Asia. During this period, a predominantly administrative arrangements of Aibak, with reference to Turkish ruling class conquered vast territories in northern the conciliation of local chiefs and management of land India and erased the remnants of Rajput feudalism. With grants held by Muslim theologians. It throws interesting the aim of legitimizing its power, it sponsored a record light on Turkish tribes of Central Asia, focusing on their of its achievements in the official language, Persian. We social life and cultural mores. Fakhr-i-Mudabbir's second are familiar with some of these writings, as these have major work, Adab-ul-Harb wa ash-Shujaa (Ways of War been employed by modem medievalists to reconstruct and Chivalry) was dedicated to Sultan lltutmish. Treating the history of the Delhi Sultanate. In the book under the Ghaznavid polity as a reference point, it uncovers review, Iqtidar Husain Siddiqui, a distinguished Aligarh­ the functions of state departments like public censor, based historian and author of nearly a dozen books, intelligence, diplomacy, tributes and taxation.
  • Muslim Response to “To Be a Pilgrim” Jerusha Tanner Lamptey, Union Theological Seminary Bismillah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim

    Muslim Response to “To Be a Pilgrim” Jerusha Tanner Lamptey, Union Theological Seminary Bismillah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim

    Muslim Response to “To be a Pilgrim” Jerusha Tanner Lamptey, Union Theological Seminary Bismillah al-rahman al-rahim. In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. I must begin this evening by expressing my sincere gratitude for the invitation to participate in tonight’s discussion and to hopefully contribute a few additional insights to the many that have already been proffered by Fr. Ryan and Dr. Mintz. In preparation for tonight’s conversation, I found myself, as I oft do, preparing for salat, or the ritual Islamic prayer. This preparation includes performing purification and formulating proper intention, among other things. However, it was not these aspects of my preparation that caught my attention on this occasion. Rather, my attention was directed to another minor yet habitual action I perform with every prayer, a minor adjustment of the directional orientation of the rug on which I pray. I don’t take out a compass and figure the direction technically, but I always move the rug somewhat…and I fancy (perhaps naively) that I can tell when it has been moved into the correct alignment. This rug, of course, faces in the direction of Mecca and the Ka’ba, the site of the annual hajj pilgrimage. And there is a connection with that site that penetrates and pulsates throughout the ritual of prayer and throughout the lives of Muslims. The directional orientation to the Ka’ba is in fact a spiritual and symbolic orientation that shapes understandings of human existence in the world and human relation to God. In my brief remarks tonight, I would like to draw attention to this spiritual and symbolic orientation, building upon Fr.

  • Al-Fiabbas, 103, 108 Fiabbas I, Shah, 267 Fiabbasids, 84, 113–15

    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-58214-8 - The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600–1800 Jonathan P. Berkey Index More information Index al-fiAbbas, 103, 108 Akhbaris, 268 fiAbbas I, Shah, 267 Alamut, 193, 194 fiAbbasids, 84, 113–15, 141–2, 143, 169, Aleppo, 190, 191, 200–01, 212, 255 170, 189 Alexandria, 23, 24 as caliphs, 124–9, 182 destruction of the Serapeum in, 21 caliphate in Cairo, 182, 204, 210 Jews in, 11 decline of, 203–4 madrasas in, 197–8 revolt of, 103–9 fiAli al-Hadi, 133 Sunnism and, 149 fiAli al-Karaki, 267, 268 see also: Shifiis, Shifiism; Sunnism fiAli al-Rida, 133 fiAbdallah ibn Mufiawiya, 84 fiAli ibn fiAbdallah ibn al-fiAbbas, 104 fiAbdallah ibn al-Mubarak, 120, 154 fiAli ibn Abi Talib, 71, 86, 96, 141–2 fiAbdallah ibn Saba√, 95 Ismafiili view of, 138–9 fiAbd al-Ghani al-Nabulusi, 265 murder of, 76 fiAbd al-Malik, 59, 80–1, 86 Shifiis view as Muhmmad’s rightful Abraham, 48–9, 67, 80, 82 successor, 70, 84, 87, 95, 130–2, Abu√l-fiAbbas, 108 135–6, 142 Abu Bakr, 70–1, 79, 132, 142 Sufism and, 152, 234, 246 Abu Hanifa, 144, 165 veneration, by Sunnis, 142 Abu Hashim ibn Muhammad ibn fiAli ibn Maymun al-Idrisi, 202 al-Hanafiyya, 104, 108 fiAli Zayn al-fiAbidin, 174 Abu Hurayra, 96 Allat, 42, 44 Abu fiIsa al-Isfahani, 94–5 Alp Arslan, 180, 217 Abu Muslim, 104, 107–8, 124, 172, fiamma, 254–7 174–5 fiAnan ben David, 165–6 Abu Salama, 124 Anatolia, 181–2, 195, 196, 208, 233, 235, Abu√l-Sufiud Efendi, 263–4 245–7, 252, 266 Abu Yazid al-Bistami, 153, 156 Antioch, 11–12, 19, 23, 51 Abu Yusuf, 148 al-Aqsa mosque, 200 al-Afdal ibn Badr al-Jamali, 197 Arabia al-Afshin, 163, 164, 174–5 Jews and Judaism in, 46–9, 94–6, 164 ahl al-bayt, 88, 107–8, 124, 130, 132 Kharijism in, 86 Ahmad ibn Hanbal, 125, 127, 144, 146, origins of Islam in, 61–9 148, 149, 150 pre-Islamic, 39–49 Ahmad ibn Tulun, 115 religion in, 41–9, 52–3 276 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-58214-8 - The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600–1800 Jonathan P.
  • Falsafah ,Sains,Dan Pemikiran Islam.Pdf

    Falsafah ,Sains,Dan Pemikiran Islam.Pdf

    SEMINAR PEMIKIRAN ISLAM III Sudut Pandangan Islam Dalam Diskusi Sesama Muslim FALSAFAH, SAINS DAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM JABATAN AKIDAH DAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM AKADEMI PENGAJIAN ISLAM UNIVERSITI MALAYA 2012 ISI KANDUNGAN ARABIC-ISLAMIC CULTURE: THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE SCIENCES IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE CONTEMPORARY SCHOLARSHIP .................................................................1 Animashaun, Maruf Suraqat TABATABAIE'S CONTROVERSIAL IDEAS IN ISLAMIC MORAL THOUGHT; A LESSON LEARNED FOR EDUCATIONAL PROSPERITY OF ISLAMIC ACADEMIES ................................................................... 11 Soroush Dabbagh and Hossein Dabbagh YAHYA IBN ‘ADI ON HAPPINESS ................................................................................................... 17 Mohd Nasir Omar THE DEBATE OVER RATIONAL AND TRADITIONAL PROOFS IN ISLAM: A RECONCILIATORY APPROACH .................................................................................................................................. 25 Mohd Farid Mohd Shahran BALANCING THE CONTEMPORARY APPROACH TO THINKING: APPLYING THE GHAZZĀLIAN FRAMEWORK .............................................................................................................................. 33 Mohd Zaidi b. Ismail WASIYYAH ABI HANIFAH LI ABI YUSUF: SUATU PENGENALAN DAN SUNTINGAN ILMIAH ............... 39 Mohd Anuar Mamat METODOLOGI PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN MENURUT IBN KHALDUN DAN JOHN DEWEY: KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN .............................................................................................................
  • The Layha for the Mujahideen: an Analysis of the Code of Conduct for the Taliban Fighters Under Islamic Law

    The Layha for the Mujahideen: an Analysis of the Code of Conduct for the Taliban Fighters Under Islamic Law

    Volume 93 Number 881 March 2011 The Layha for the Mujahideen:an analysis of the code of conduct for the Taliban fighters under Islamic law Muhammad Munir* Dr.Muhammad Munir is Associate Professor and Chairman,Department of Law, Faculty of Shari‘a and Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad. Abstract The following article focuses on the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Rules for the Mujahideen** to determine their conformity with the Islamic jus in bello. This code of conduct, or Layha, for Taliban fighters highlights limiting suicide attacks, avoiding civilian casualties, and winning the battle for the hearts and minds of the local civilian population. However, it has altered rules or created new ones for punishing captives that have not previously been used in Islamic military and legal history. Other rules disregard the principle of distinction between combatants and civilians and even allow perfidy, which is strictly prohibited in both Islamic law and international humanitarian law. The author argues that many of the Taliban rules have only a limited basis in, or are wrongly attributed to, Islamic law. * The help of Andrew Bartles-Smith, Prof. Brady Coleman, Major Nasir Jalil (retired), Ahmad Khalid, and Dr. Marty Khan is acknowledged. The quotations from the Qur’an in this work are taken, unless otherwise indicated, from the English translation by Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur’an, Dar Al-Andalus, Redwood Books, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, 1984, reprinted 1997. ** The full text of the Layha is reproduced as an annex at the end of this article. doi:10.1017/S1816383111000075 81 M. Munir – The Layha for the Mujahideen: an analysis of the code of conduct for the Taliban fighters under Islamic law Do the Taliban qualify as a ‘non-state armed group’? Since this article deals with the Layha,1 it is important to know whether the Taliban in Afghanistan, as a fighting group, qualify as a ‘non-state Islamic actor’.
  • Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce Imani Jaafar-Mohammad

    Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce Imani Jaafar-Mohammad

    Journal of Law and Practice Volume 4 Article 3 2011 Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce Imani Jaafar-Mohammad Charlie Lehmann Follow this and additional works at: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/lawandpractice Part of the Family Law Commons Recommended Citation Jaafar-Mohammad, Imani and Lehmann, Charlie (2011) "Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce," Journal of Law and Practice: Vol. 4, Article 3. Available at: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/lawandpractice/vol4/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at Mitchell Hamline Open Access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Law and Practice by an authorized administrator of Mitchell Hamline Open Access. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © Mitchell Hamline School of Law Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce Keywords Muslim women--Legal status laws etc., Women's rights--Religious aspects--Islam, Marriage (Islamic law) This article is available in Journal of Law and Practice: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/lawandpractice/vol4/iss1/3 Jaafar-Mohammad and Lehmann: Women's Rights in Islam Regarding Marriage and Divorce WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN ISLAM REGARDING MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE 4 Wm. Mitchell J. L. & P. 3* By: Imani Jaafar-Mohammad, Esq. and Charlie Lehmann+ I. INTRODUCTION There are many misconceptions surrounding women’s rights in Islam. The purpose of this article is to shed some light on the basic rights of women in Islam in the context of marriage and divorce. This article is only to be viewed as a basic outline of women’s rights in Islam regarding marriage and divorce.
  • Thesis Polygamy on the Web: an Online Community for An

    Thesis Polygamy on the Web: an Online Community for An

    THESIS POLYGAMY ON THE WEB: AN ONLINE COMMUNITY FOR AN UNCONVENTIONAL PRACTICE Submitted by Kristen Sweet-McFarling Department of Anthropology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2014 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Lynn Kwiatkowski Cindy Griffin Barbara Hawthorne Copyright by Kristen Sweet-McFarling 2014 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT POLYGAMY ON THE WEB: AN ONLINE COMMUNITY FOR AN UNCONVENTIONAL PRACTICE This thesis is a virtual ethnographic study of a polygamy website consisting of one chat room, several discussion boards, and polygamy related information and links. The findings of this research are based on the interactions and activities of women and men on the polygamy website. The research addressed the following questions: 1) what are individuals using the website for? 2) What are website members communicating about? 3) How are individuals using the website to search for polygamous relationships? 4) Are website members forming connections and meeting people offline through the use of the website? 5) Do members of the website perceive the Internet to be affecting the contemporary practice of polygamy in the U.S.? This research focused more on the desire to create a polygamous relationship rather than established polygamous marriages and kinship networks. This study found that since the naturalization of monogamous heterosexual marriage and the nuclear family has occurred in the U.S., due to a number of historical, social, cultural, political, and economic factors, the Internet can provide a means to denaturalize these concepts and provide a space for the expression and support of counter discourses of marriage, like polygamy.
  • Muslim Women's Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond

    Muslim Women's Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond

    Muslim Women’s Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond This book investigates female Muslims pilgrimage practices and how these relate to women’s mobility, social relations, identities, and the power struc- tures that shape women’s lives. Bringing together scholars from different disciplines and regional expertise, it offers in-depth investigation of the gendered dimensions of Muslim pilgrimage and the life-worlds of female pilgrims. With a variety of case studies, the contributors explore the expe- riences of female pilgrims to Mecca and other pilgrimage sites, and how these are embedded in historical and current contexts of globalisation and transnational mobility. This volume will be relevant to a broad audience of researchers across pilgrimage, gender, religious, and Islamic studies. Marjo Buitelaar is an anthropologist and Professor of Contemporary Islam at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. She is programme-leader of the research project ‘Modern Articulations of Pilgrimage to Mecca’, funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). Manja Stephan-Emmrich is Professor of Transregional Central Asian Stud- ies, with a special focus on Islam and migration, at the Institute for Asian and African Studies at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany, and a socio-cultural anthropologist. She is a Principal Investigator at the Berlin Graduate School Muslim Cultures and Societies (BGSMCS) and co-leader of the research project ‘Women’s Pathways to Professionalization in Mus- lim Asia. Reconfiguring religious knowledge, gender, and connectivity’, which is part of the Shaping Asia network initiative (2020–2023, funded by the German Research Foundation, DFG). Viola Thimm is Professorial Candidate (Habilitandin) at the Institute of Anthropology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Information to Users

    Information to Users

    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced firom the microfilm master. UMT films the text directly fi’om the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter 6ce, while others may be fi’om any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing fi’om left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Ifowell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ARABIC RHETORICAL THEORY. 500 C £.-1400 CE. DISSERTATION Presented m Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Khaiid Alhelwah, M.A.
  • Urdu Love Poetry In

    Urdu Love Poetry In

    HOW TO READ IQBAL? ESSAYS ON IQBAL, URDU POETRY AND LITERARY THEORY Shamsur Rahman Faruqi Edited and Compliled by Muhammad Suheyl Umar IQBAL ACADEMY PAKISTAN All Rights Reserved Publisher: Muhammad Bakhsh Sangi Iqbal Academy Pakistan Govt. of Pakistan, National History & Literary Heritage Division Ministry of Information, Broadcasting, National History & Literary Heritage 6th Floor, Aiwan-i-Iqbal Complex, Off Egerton Road, Lahore. Tel: 92-42-36314510, 99203573, Fax: 92-42-36314496 Email. [email protected] Website: www.allamaiqbal.com ISBN : 978-969-416-521-9 1st Edition : 2007 2nd Edition : 2009 3rd Edition : 2017 Quantity : 500 Price : Rs. 400 US$ 10 Printed at : Adan Printers, Lahore Sales Office:116-McLeod Road, Lahore. Ph.37357214 DEDICATION In Memory of Mushfiq Khvaja (1935-2005) Great friend, fine scholar, perfect stylist CONTENTS Preface….Muhammad Suheyl Umar i Part I Iqbal Studies How to Read Iqbal? 3 Is Iqbal, the Poet, Relevant to us Today? 49 Iqbal’s Romantic Dilemma 59 Iqbal, the Riddle of Lucretius, and Ghalib 71 The Image of Satan in Iqbal and Milton 91 Part II Review Articles: Iqbal Studies A Complaint Against Khushwant Singh’s “Complaint and Answer” 117 Iqbal—A Selection of the Urdu Verse: Text and Translation. 133 Part III Urdu Literature: Literary Themes and History The Eighteenth Century in Urdu Literature: The Contribution of Delhi 141 Conventions of Love, Love of Conventions: Urdu Love Poetry in the Eighteenth Century 157 The Poet in The Poem or, Veiling the Utterance 195 The Power Politics of Culture: Akbar Ilahabadi and the Changing Order of Things 219 PREFACE Faced with the daunting task of writing about Shamsur Rahman Faruqi one is inclined to reach instinctively to one’s betters and to latch onto hyperboles and superlatives.