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Food Security Assessment in Afghan Rural Areas

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Food security assessment in afghan rural areas .. "" FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT IN AFGHAN RURAL AREAS DISTRICT OF YAKA WLANG - BAMY AN PROVINCE C ENTRAL AFGHANISTAN April 2002 - Yakawlangdistrict Food security assessment in afghan rural areas FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT IN AFGHAN RURAL AREAS DISTRICT OF YAKA WLANG- BAMYAN PROVINCE CENTRAL AFGHANISTAN April 2002 SUMMARY I-METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 2 1. Objectives ................................................................................................. 2 2. Survey areas .............................................................................................. 2 3. Targeted population .................................................................................... 2 4. Period of interviews ................................................................................... 2 5. Layout of the questionnaire ........................................................................... 2 II-ANALYSISOF YAKA WLANG DISTRICT............................................................... 3 1. General information ................................................................................... 3 2. Population data ......................................................................................... 5 3. Village agricultural production ..................................................................... 6 3.1. Rain fed land .................................................................................... 6 3.2. Irrigated land .................................................................................... 6 3.3. Orchards data ................................................................................... 7 4. Livestock data ........................................................................................... 7 5. Drinking water and irrigation data ................................................................. 8 6. Additional information ................................................................................ 9 7. Coping mechanism .................................................................................... 10 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................... 11 ANNEXES 1. Food Aid Recommendations in Y akawlang District - Year 2002 2. Map ofYakawlang district 3. Questionnaire Yakawlang district Food security assessment in afghan rural areas I- METHODOLOGY 1. Objectives The purpose of the present survey is to assess the current levels of food security in the districts where Solidarites is working. This assessment does not include nomadic groups nor urban groups. 2. Survey areas Y akawlang district - Bamyan Province 3. Targeted population/Methodology The interviews were conducted by SOLIDARITES employees in the district of Yakawlang. 42 villages located in 4 areas were surveyed by SOLIDARITES. Yakawlang district is in fact divided in 4 administrative zones : Sl ·: Qot-e-Sadat. This big zone, closed to Yakawlang district, includes Band-e-Amir lakes and Yakawlang center. We carryied out there 11 questionnaires. S2 : Qam-e-Abba. This big zone is closed to Balkhab district and is located in the North West of the district. We carryied out there 11 questionnaires. S3 : Takana. This area is located between S2 and S4 and closed to Ghor province. We carryied out there 10 questionnaires. S4 : Sya Darah. This area is located in the South of Yakawlang center and is closed to Ghor province. We carryied out there 10 questionnaires. The villages were selected according to their geographic location, agro-ecological zones and their area. Each area represents an average of 10 to 11 villages with 35 to 280 families per village. 4. Period of interviews April 2002 5. Layout of the questionnaire 0 : General information. 6 : Population. @ : Village agricultural production. 0 : Livestock. 0 : Drinking water and irrigation. 0 : Additional information. 0 : Coping mechanism. SOLIDA RITES 2 II-ANALYSIS OF VAKAWLANG DISTRICT The Bamyan province and especially the district of Yakawlang has been for long the key hold for Hazarnj at. On 12 September 1998, after a year of economic blockade imposed by the Taliban, lhe Wahdat party Jost Bamyan, that it had considered as its base and capital. At the end of 1998, the Taliban launched their first attack on Yakawlang district to increase their control in the area. Each time, the Hezb-1-Wahdat of Khalili replyied by attacking Taliban forces from Balk.bah district in Jawzjan province. This latent conflict occurred until 17 January 1999, when the Wahdat took Yakawlang district. On the 3rd of March, Wahdat troops entered Bamyan for a few hours hut were thrown out by a counter-offensive.Tht front lines were stabilised some kilometres from Bamyan towards Shahidan and the Folady valley (closed to Yakawlang). On the 27 March 1999, almost all the population was forced 1 out of the zones controlled by the Taliban. Since the 8 h of May 1999, Bamyan has been under the control of the Taliban. The fighting has ceased for more than one and half year. But in the last days of 2000, Northern Alliance Forc<.:stried to capture Bamyan one more time from Yakawlang district. These front lines have been broken four times in January, Fcbruary, June and November during the year 2001. As a result of these raging fights, lots of houses have been burned in 2001, especially by Taliban in Hazarns areas from Folady valley up to Yakawlang center. Massacres have also occurred there (massacres of 300 to 500 civilians in Yakawl.mg district, according to the international NGO Human Right Watch). As previously, the entire Yakawlang district's population took the same exile way for Penjao, Bchsud and Kabul (whose population is mainly Hazara). Following September 11lh events, the fighting restarted on the front lines (calm until then). After different attempts, the news of Mazar-e-Sharif fall hurled down Yakawlang one. Khalili's Wahdat forces helped by US bombings entered in some intensive fights which pushed finally the Taliban to withdraw at the beginningof November 2001. This withdrawal was preceded by several destructions and lootings. 1. Gencrnl information ¢ Number of villages interviewed: 42 c::>83% of families with male head of household, 9% with female head of household ,md 8% with a disabkd head of household. ¢ 4% of orphans (most of them from areas S l & S4) and 2,5% of widows in the total population of 2002. ¢ An average of 6 pwplc pt.!rfamily. c::>4% oflandlcss people. c::>According to authorities and villages representatives, morn than 95% had tkd the district during the year 2001 because of fighting. ¢ 44% of returnees families for the last 3 months (almost all of them come from areas SI & S4). S0LIDAR1TES 3 Yakawlang district Food se,_urity assc,:smcnl ir•. ;1fghan rur.:i! :.. · ,_.. ,:, SI 59 41 S2 100 0 S3 95 5 S4 92 8 TOT AL DISTRICT 89 11 Source : SOLIDARITES Yakawlang district All the population of Yakawlang is muslim Shia (Hazara and Sadat). Just 3 families are Sunni (Tajiks) ; they live in Yakawlang center. Most Sadat people live in Qot-e-Sadat area (Sl), closed to Bamyan district. There is no internal tense between the people inside the district, as they all have the same religion. The ethnical difference between Hazaras and Sadat is relative. Sl 11 3 010 18 060 S2 11 5 210 31 260 S3 10 3 320 19 920 S4 10 3 460 20 760 TOTAL DISTRICT 42 15 000 90 000 Source : SOLIDARITES Yakawlang district The governorof Yakawlang, Nasser Sharifi, told us that there were around 18 000 families in the entire Yakawlang district (108 000 people). But MSF Spain, that had the population data's from Daoud census in 1972 and extrapolate in 2002 by using the population growth rate, gave us a population census of 90 000 people. As there were no accurate census in the district since 1972, we decided to keep MSF datas. Migrations of the population of Yakawlang have occurred repeatedly during 2000/2001 due to 1 the fighting, and economic and social consequences of the 11 h of September. In September and October 2001, more than 98% of the population had left the district because of the combats between the Taliban and He.zb-i-Wahdat fighters. At the time of the survey, all the Hazaras and Sadat had returned to Yakawlang. The different emergency programmes implemented by the humanitarian organisations have allowed the population of Yakawlang to come back progressively and to cover their food needs. But areas S3 and S4 where not entirely covered by humanitarian help, because of the difficulties to reach most of the villages of these zone during the long winter (4 to 5 months). In fact, all these villages are located at an altitude of 2 500 m to 3 400 m. The security in Yakawlang district is very good and under the control ofHezb-i-Wahdat. ' ,,c- ·-c C>~ SOLIDA RITES 4 ~!!fdantes ~ -· L l, ,. , ..._, •• "- \,,. ,1, 1 I) •l , ,..._ ·, , 1 J I.._ I , l l•• • • •,:_ 1 . , ,, , , ,, , , , I ,., " , 2. Population data ln the 42 villages surveyed, 91 IDPs families were censused (2,5 % of the population censused in April 2002). They come from Panjab district (55 families), Shahidan in Bamyan district (19 families), Kabul & Ghazni (16 famjlies) and Behsud district (1 family). Their living conditions are had. Only 28 families had escaped to other places in the 42 villages surveyed. The population of Yakawlang district seems to have enough lar1d & herds to satisfy their basic economical needs. Many villag1..;sfrom the zone S l (Qot -e-Sa
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