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Länderinformationen Afghanistan Country Staatendokumentation Country of Origin Information Afghanistan Country Report Security Situation (EN) from the COI-CMS Country of Origin Information – Content Management System Compiled on: 17.12.2020, version 3 This project was co-financed by the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund Disclaimer This product of the Country of Origin Information Department of the Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum was prepared in conformity with the standards adopted by the Advisory Council of the COI Department and the methodology developed by the COI Department. A Country of Origin Information - Content Management System (COI-CMS) entry is a COI product drawn up in conformity with COI standards to satisfy the requirements of immigration and asylum procedures (regional directorates, initial reception centres, Federal Administrative Court) based on research of existing, credible and primarily publicly accessible information. The content of the COI-CMS provides a general view of the situation with respect to relevant facts in countries of origin or in EU Member States, independent of any given individual case. The content of the COI-CMS includes working translations of foreign-language sources. The content of the COI-CMS is intended for use by the target audience in the institutions tasked with asylum and immigration matters. Section 5, para 5, last sentence of the Act on the Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum (BFA-G) applies to them, i.e. it is as such not part of the country of origin information accessible to the general public. However, it becomes accessible to the party in question by being used in proceedings (party’s right to be heard, use in the decision letter) and to the general public by being used in the decision. As stated above, this product was designed as an expedient tool for Austrian authorities and courts. Consequently, readability, flexible usability and easy applicability have priority. Basically, every piece of information is referenced by at least one source; based on the reasons specified above, original quotes are not particularly highlighted – not least because there is no value added in relation to the decision making process. This product does not claim to be exhaustive. Furthermore, this product is not conclusive as to the determination or merit of any particular application for international protection. Terminology used should not be regarded as indicative of a particular legal position. Specifically, this document may not be understood to be a political statement on the part of the Country of Origin Information Department or the Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum. Information on updating The content of the COI-CMS is kept up-to-date through incorporation of relevant, asylum related information items by the Country of Origin Information Department as and when the need arises. The Country of Origin Information Department verifies whether the sources used are up-to- date. For this reason, sources used in the COI-CMS that date further back may still be deemed up-to-date in terms of content. 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis 3 1 Country-specific notes 4 2 COVID-19 7 3 The security situation 11 3.1 Kabul ......................................... 22 3.2 Badakhshan ..................................... 33 3.3 Badghis . ..................................... 38 3.4 Baghlan ........................................ 42 3.5 Balkh ......................................... 47 3.6 Bamyan ........................................ 53 3.7 Daikundi ....................................... 55 3.8Farah......................................... 59 3.9 Faryab ........................................ 64 3.10 Ghazni ........................................ 69 3.11 Ghor .......................................... 75 3.12 Helmand ....................................... 79 3.13 Herat ......................................... 86 3.14 Jawzjan ........................................ 93 3.15 Kandahar ....................................... 99 3.16 Kapisa ......................................... 107 3.17 Khost ......................................... 110 3.18 Kunar ......................................... 116 3.19 Kunduz . ..................................... 123 3.20 Laghman ....................................... 129 3.21 Logar ......................................... 133 3.22 Nangarhar . ..................................... 136 3.23 Nimroz ........................................ 143 3.24 Nuristan . ..................................... 147 3.25 Paktia ......................................... 150 3.26 Paktika ........................................ 155 3.27 Panjsher ....................................... 160 3.28 Parwan . ..................................... 162 3.29 Samangan ...................................... 166 3.30 Sar-e Pul ....................................... 170 3.31 Takhar ......................................... 173 3.32 Uruzgan ........................................ 178 3.33 (Maidan) Wardak ................................... 183 3.34 Zabul ......................................... 187 3 3.35 Connectivity ..................................... 192 4 1 Country-specific notes Letzte Änderung: 14.12.2020 References and Sources Administrative units (districts and provinces of Afghanistan): • NSIA - National Statistics and Information Authority (1/6/2020): Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2020-21, _https://www.nsia.gov.af:8080/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/-----.pdf , access 8/10/2020 Information on the number of districts, district boundaries and administrative affiliation of districts may vary. In 2020, the Afghan National Statistics and Information Authority (NSIA) published a paper with the number of districts (388 in total). As this is the most up-to-date and comprehensive publication on the number and classification of districts in all of Afghanistan as of June 2020, the presentation of the security situation in the provinces is based on this classification. So-called „temporary“ districts are specifically identified, as are recent changes in district or provincial boundaries (NSIA 1/6/2020). The transcription of Afghan proper names is generally not done according to universally applied rules. In the following, the spelling of the NSIA was largely adopted in the interests of uniformity. However, it is pointed out that variations are possible and common. Safety-related incidents: • ACLED - Armed Conflict Location and Event Data: ACLED Data https://acleddata.com/da ta-export-tool/, access 8/10/2020 ACLED records safety-related incidents and fatalities by means of media monitoring, i.e. news reports on safety-related incidents that are available online are collected and the relevant events are included in the incident data record using a predefined coding scheme (ACLED 3/2020). However, not all areas in Afghanistan can be visited equally by journalists (HE 5/5/2019). ACLED also takes into account reports from Voice of Jihad, the Taliban’s website (ACLED 3/2020). Information from the Taliban on the number of victims is often exaggerated (FAZ 19/10/2017). ACLED uses the smallest number of casualties found in the sources when counting the death toll. If the death toll figures in the sources are inaccurate (e.g. „numerous deaths“) or unknown, ACLED automatically codes ten deaths - or three deaths if it is known that there are less than ten deaths (ACLED 3/2020). The death toll figures are therefore estimates by ACLED. ACLED records the following violent incidents: Fighting without territorial changes, fighting where a non-state actor occupies an area, fighting where a government reclaims areas, violence against civilians, so-called „remote violence“ - violence without the physical presence of the perpetrator of the violence (e.g. bomb attacks, IEDs, rocket attacks, etc.), as well as demonstrations and riots. The following non-violent events are covered: non-violent takeovers of territory, establishment of headquarters or bases, and strategic developments (ACLED 3/2020). 5 For more information about ACLED’s approach, please refer to ACLED’s current methodology: https://acleddata.com/acleddatanew/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2019/01/ACLED_Metho dology-and-Coding-Decisions-Around-the-Conflict-in-Afghanistan_Mar2020_update.pdf . In the following, data from ACLED will be used to describe the security situation in the provinces, as it allows for a consideration of security incidents at the district level. Staatendokumentation provides tables of incidents that ACLED considers to be safety relevant and where ACLED counted at least one fatality. Data on the number of fatalities per district is also provided. • GIM - Globalincidentmap: Globalincidentmap displaying Terrorist Acts, Suspicious Activity, and General Terrorism News, www.globalincidentmap.com Globalincidentmap uses Internet-based global news media to collect worldwide security-related incidents related to terrorism and to present geo-referenced representations of such incidents under categories on an online map. Each security-related incident is always displayed with a refe- rence to the source. GIM’s classification by incident type is maintained by Staatendokumentation, with the exception of the two categories „Other Suspicious Activities“ and „General Terrorism News“, which Staatendokumentation assigns to the broader category „Other, undefined“ as they cannot be assigned to any specific grouping. Only incidents that Globalincidentmap attributes to insurgents or links to their actions, including bombings (successful or attempted), targeted
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