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Gouvernance Des Coopératives Agricoles Dans Une Économie En Reconstruction Après Conflit Armé : Le Cas De L’Afghanistan Mohammad Edris Raouf

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Gouvernance Des Coopératives Agricoles Dans Une Économie En Reconstruction Après Conflit Armé : Le Cas De L’Afghanistan Mohammad Edris Raouf Gouvernance des coopératives agricoles dans une économie en reconstruction après conflit armé : le cas de l’Afghanistan Mohammad Edris Raouf To cite this version: Mohammad Edris Raouf. Gouvernance des coopératives agricoles dans une économie en reconstruc- tion après conflit armé : le cas de l’Afghanistan. Gestion et management. Université Paul Valéry- Montpellier III, 2018. Français. NNT : 2018MON30092. tel-03038739 HAL Id: tel-03038739 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03038739 Submitted on 3 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ PAUL VALÉRY DE MONTPELLIER III ÉCOLE DOCTORALE ÉCONOMIE ET GESTION DE MONTPELLIER ED 231, LABORATOIRE ART- DEV (ACTEURS, RESSOURCES ET TERRITOIRES DANS LE DÉVELOPPEMENT), SUP-AGRO MONTPELLIER Gouvernanceou e a cedescoopéat des coopératives esag agricoles coesda dans su une eéco économie o ee en reconstruction après conflit armé, le cas de l’Afghanistan By: Mohammad Edris Raouf Under Direction of Mr. Cyrille Ferraton MCF -HDR en sciences économiques, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, ART-Dev (UMR 5281) Co -Direction of Mr. Louis-Antoine Saisset MCF Finance, Montpellier SupAgro – Département SESG--UMR MOISA Other Jury Membres : Marc Dedeire (examinateur) Professeur en Aménagement de l’espace, Université Paul -Valéry Montpellier 3, ART-Dev (UMR 5281) Damien Rousselière (rapporteur) Professeur en sciences économiques, Agrocampus Ouest - Département Économie, Gestion, Société, UMR SMART-LERECO INRA Martine Vezina (rapporteur) Profes seur HEC-Montréal, Canada 20 December 2018 Mohammad Edris Raouf UNIVERSITÉ PAUL VAL ÉRY DE MONTPELLIER III ÉCOLE DOCTORALE ÉCONOMIE ET GESTION DE MONTPELLIER ED 231, LABORATOIRE ART- DEV ( ACTEURS, RESSOURCES ET TERRITOIRES DANS LE DÉVELOPPEMENT ) Gouvernance des coopératives agricoles dans une économie en reconstructionstruction aprèsaprès conflitconf armé, le cas de l’Afghanistananist » i Thesis committee Director of thesis Prof. Dr. Cyrille FERRATON Maître de conférences HDR en sciences économiques, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, ART-Dev (UMR 5281) [email protected] Co-director of thesis Dr. Louis-Antoine SAÏSSET Maître de conférences Montpellier Sup-Agro – Département SESG--UMR MOISA [email protected] Jury M embres : Marc Dedeire (examinateur) Professeur en Aménagement de l’espace, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, ART-Dev (UMR 5281) [email protected] Damien Rousselière (1 er rapporteur) Professeur en sciences économiques, Agrocampus Ouest - Département Économie, Gestion, Société, UMR SMART-LERECO INRA Damien.Rousseliè[email protected] Martine Vezina (2ème rapporteur) Professeur HEC-Montréal [email protected] This research was conducted under the auspices of the Doctoral School of Economics and Management (École Doctorale Économie et Gestion - EDEG) Montpellier, France. ii Sujet de Thèse : « Gouvernance des coopératives agricoles dans une économie en reconstruction après conflit armé, le cas de l’Afghanistan » By Mohammad Edris RAOUF Thesis Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy At the University of Paul Valery (Montpellier 3) ÉCOLE DOCTORALE ÉCONOMIE ET GESTION DE MONTPELLIER ED 231, LABORATOIRE UMR ART-DEV (ACTEURS, RESSOURCES ET TERRITOIRES DANS LE DÉVELOPPEMENT, Sup-Agro Montpellier) iii DEDICATED WITH EXTREME AFFECTION AND GRATITUDE TO AFGHANISTNA AND MY BELOVED PEOPLE iv Preface In the name of) ” ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ “ I humbly begin by soliciting the blessings of Almighty Allah Allah the compassionate and the most Merciful). I cannot resist my temptation to recall the events that unfolded before deciding to make up my mind to pursue research in the agricultural cooperative sector. I am fortunate to be associated with the Islamic Republic of Government of Afghanistan for over 15 years and being engaged with Agriculture Faculty of Kabul University as well as with the activities of French Cooperation Office for Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (FCOMAIL), Kabul, as my place of work which focuses on farmer centric projects for livelihood improvement of the impoverished farmers of Afghanistan. This was the beginning of my understanding of the agricultural sector in general and more importantly, the plight of the poor farmers in particular. When I introspect as to why the farmers of Afghanistan are poor despite the fact the country is endowed with nature’s bounty, favorable climate and geographic diversities and above all, hardworking agriculturists and pastoralist who eke out their livelihood primarily from agriculture, I often confront with a paradox. A better way to explain such phenomenon would be weak governance, missing institution, external maneuvering, infrastructural bottleneck and so on, most of them are supply side issues. All these are important reasons, and can be taken up for in-depth research and analysis in the academic world and in development policy eco-system. From the above clue, I hav e picked up “missing rural institution” as a broad subject of agricultural research wherein agricultural cooperative is one of the main pillars in the agricultural development paradigm. The specific area of research was further crystalized upon my arrival at the University of Montpellier, International Economics & Politics, MOISA Research Team (SupAgro), Montpellier, on a liberal fellowship grant which was kindly made available by the French Embassy, Kabul and Co-funded by AFD, Paris in 2015. While at the University between 2015 and 2016, I have had opportunities to enhance my knowledge base through intensive literature review, understanding contemporary agricultural research in the developing as well as in the developed world, I was also engaged in teaching at the graduate level program alongside continuing literature review for my prospective research. The University constituted a steering committee for directing and advising me during various phases of my research and it was at the behest of this Committee that the focus of my research was reoriented towards applicability of Theory of Cooperative Governance, while I was pondering with the Theory of Collective Action as well. It was at the beginning of 2016, and thorough a progress review, I was suggested by my ex-thesis Adviser, Co- adviser and the steering committee that in the context of war- torn economy of Afghanistan, it would be appropriate to work on the Governance theory of the agricultural cooperatives. However, v invaluable knowledge and insights were gathered sharpening theoretical orientation and available empirical evidence supporting many inter related theories. During third year (2017) of my research, I concentrated on collecting ground level data from a host of institutions: primary members of the cooperatives, Board of Directors, cooperative sympathizers, cooperative leaders, employees and other stakeholders. This information’s were triangulated with the data gathered from the workshop conducted involving all officers of Directorate Agriculture Cooperative Development (DACD) to understand the issues of cooperative governance, deficiency in institutional delivery of inputs and services both from demand and supply sides, under the context of Afghanistan economy, which has been undergoing a continuous phase of trauma and uncertainty. Many finer and intricate issues in cooperative governance were highlighted through case studies, focus group discussions and used in triangulation exercise as additional highlights and inferences. The draft thesis was submitted at the University in January 2018 and valuable comments and feedback were received in May 2018. Accordingly, the draft was modified, accommodating comments and suggestions, and also indicating scope for additional research, taking lead from the present research. This thesis has also been prepared from the point of view of institutional requirements to undertake a reform agenda in the agricultural cooperative sector, while attempting to meet academic requirements of the University, which my conscience had always stirred me throughout my research engagement with the University. It is a humble effort to do an exploratory research from a person with conservative social, cultural and academic background of a country that is terribly plagued with insurmountable socio-political issues, and absence of higher education of learning. Moreover, gathering anecdotal reference for the thesis from within the county was itself a major issue that the present research has faced at every step. My inner self has continuously stirred my mind to do something for the needy farmers of Afghanistan, who desperately require significant reforms and development inputs so as to alleviate them from the multi- dimensional limitations and uncertainty that they face. It is my pleasure to dedicate this humble effort of mine for the genuine cause of the farmers of my country. In course of my research, I realized that without the strong institutional support and organizational back stopping, the plight of Afghan farmers is unlikely to be
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