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Phosphate Occurrence and Potential in the Region of Afghanistan, Including Parts of China, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan

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Phosphate Occurrence and Potential in the Region of Afghanistan, Including Parts of China, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan Phosphate Occurrence and Potential in the Region of Afghanistan, Including Parts of China, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan By G.J. Orris, Pamela Dunlap, and John C. Wallis With a section on geophysics by Jeff Wynn Open-File Report 2015–1121 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2015 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Suggested citation: Orris, G.J., Dunlap, Pamela, and Wallis, J.C., 2015, Phosphate occurrence and potential in the region of Afghanistan, including parts of China, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, with a section on geophysics by Jeff Wynn: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1121, 70 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151121. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Phosphate Rock ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Sedimentary Phosphate .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Igneous Sources of Phosphate ............................................................................................................................... 4 Known Resources of the Region ................................................................................................................................ 6 Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Sedimentary Phosphate ................................................................................................... 6 Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Sedimentary Phosphate in Iran .................................................................................. 11 Cambrian Sedimentary Phosphate in Pakistan ..................................................................................................... 13 Hazara District ................................................................................................................................................... 13 Abbottabad Formation and Hazira Member of the Tarnawai Formation ........................................................ 16 Ordovician Sedimentary Phosphate ......................................................................................................................... 17 Ordovician Phosphorite in Iran .............................................................................................................................. 17 Devonian Sedimentary Phosphate ........................................................................................................................... 17 Devonian Sedimentary Phosphorite in Iran ........................................................................................................... 19 Permian Sedimentary Phosphate ............................................................................................................................. 19 Permian Sedimentary Phosphate in Afghanistan .................................................................................................. 20 Permian Sedimentary Phosphate in Iran ............................................................................................................... 20 Triassic-Jurassic Sedimentary Phosphate ................................................................................................................ 20 Triassic-Jurassic Sedimentary Phosphate in Iran ................................................................................................. 20 Triassic-Jurassic Sedimentary Phosphate in Pakistan .......................................................................................... 20 Cretaceous Sedimentary Phosphate ........................................................................................................................ 20 Cretaceous Sedimentary Phosphorite in Afghanistan ........................................................................................... 21 Cretaceous Sedimentary Phosphorite in Iran ........................................................................................................ 21 Cretaceous Sedimentary Phosphorite in Pakistan ................................................................................................ 21 Cretaceous Sedimentary Phosphorite in Uzbekistan ............................................................................................ 21 Paleogene Sedimentary Phosphate ......................................................................................................................... 22 Paleogene Sedimentary Phosphate in Afghanistan .............................................................................................. 27 Paleogene Sedimentary Phosphate in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan ................................................ 28 Tajik-Fergana Region ........................................................................................................................................ 28 Fergana Basin ............................................................................................................................................... 29 Tajik Basin ..................................................................................................................................................... 29 Kara Kalpak – Kyzyl Kum Area ......................................................................................................................... 30 Kara Kalpak ................................................................................................................................................... 30 Kyzyl Kum ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 Paleogene Phosphorite in Iran .............................................................................................................................. 32 Neogene Sedimentary Phosphate ............................................................................................................................ 33 Neogene Sedimentary Phosphate in Iran ............................................................................................................. 33 Neogene Sedimentary Phosphate in Pakistan ...................................................................................................... 33 Igneous Phosphate- Carbonatites ............................................................................................................................ 33 Carbonatite in Afghanistan .................................................................................................................................... 33 Carbonatite in Pakistan ......................................................................................................................................... 35 Igneous Phosphate- Kiruna and Other ..................................................................................................................... 35 IOA-Kiruna Deposits in Iran .................................................................................................................................. 35 Ti-P Deposits in Iran ............................................................................................................................................. 36 iii Geographic Information System (GIS) ...................................................................................................................... 37 Discussion and Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 38 Afghan Phosphate Geophysics Report by Jeff Wynn ............................................................................................... 45 Additional Work ..................................................................................................................................................... 47 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................................... 60 References Cited ...................................................................................................................................................... 60 Appendix A. 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