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Soil Organic Matter and Element Interactions

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Soil Organic Matter and Element Interactions ARBEITSGEMEINSCHAFT FÜR LEBENSMITTEL-, VETERINÄR- UND AGRARWESEN SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND ELEMENT INTERACTIONS Austrian-Polish Workshop Edited by K. Aichberger and A. Badora ALVA-Mitteilungen Heft 3/2005 ISSN 1811-7317 Reviewed papers presented at the Austrian - Polish Workshop, given at the Polish Academy of Sciences in Vienna, April 20 – 21, 2005 Reviewers: O. Nestroy, H. Spiegel, K. Aichberger Technical editor: G. Bedlan ISSN 1811-7317 © 2005, Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Lebensmittel-, Veterinär- und Agrarwesen (ALVA), Wien BEZUGSMÖGLICHKEITEN: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Lebensmittel-, Veterinär- und Agrarwesen (ALVA) c/o Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit GmbH Spargelfeldstraße 191, 1220 Wien HERSTELLUNG: RepaCopy Digital Center Triester Straße 122 1230 Wien CONTENT Preface....................................................................................................................................5 Othmar Nestroy Introduction to Austria - a general geographic survey.....................................................7 Martin H. Gerzabek, Georg J. Lair, Michael Novoszad, Georg Haberhauer, Michael Jakusch, Holger Kirchmann, Hans Lischka The role of organic matter in adsorption processes........................................................19 Aleksandra Badora Low molecular weight and high molecular weight organic acids for the complexation of some elements in soil..............................................................................27 Tadeusz Filipek Changes of the content of total and extractable forms of cadmium (Cd) in soil affected by organic matter and lime.................................................................................35 Jolanta Korzeniowska, Ewa Stanisławska-Glubiak Effect of organic matter on the availability of zinc for wheat plants ............................43 Pavel Čermák, Vladimír Klement Soil organic matter in the Czech Republic.......................................................................50 Ewa Stanislawska-Glubiak, Jolanta Korzeniowska Effect of different fertilization systems on organic carbon content of a light soil from south-west poland ....................................................................................................55 Heide Spiegel, Georg Dersch, Michael Dachler, Andreas Baumgarten Effects of different agricultural management strategies on soil organic matter..........61 Brigitte Knapp, Magarita Ros, Karl Aichberger, Gerd Innerebner, Heribert Insam Traceability of microbial compost communities in a long-term field experiment .......69 Halina Smal, Marta Olszewska The effect of afforestation of former cultivated land on the quality and quantity of soil organic carbon ........................................................................................................77 Jolanta Kozłowska-Strawska The influence of different forms of sulfur fertilization on the content of sulfate in soil after spring barley and orchard grass harvest .........................................................85 Andreas Bohner Organic matter in alpine grassland soils and its importance to site quality.................91 Leszek Woźniak, Sylwia Dziedzic Organic matter and some element contents in soil profiles of meadows in the mountain region of Bieszczady – Poland..........................................................................99 Leszek Woźniak, Krzysztof Kud Organic matter and some element contents in soil profiles of alluvial water race in the mountain regions of Bieszczady – Poland ...........................................................110 Sławomir Ligęza, Halina Smal Spatial distribution of organic carbon and its long term changes in sediments of eutrophic dam reservoir “Zalew Zemborzycki” ...........................................................121 Gerhard Liftinger Determination of organic carbon in soils by dry combustion ......................................129 Klaus Katzensteiner SOM Management & EU Soil Strategy..........................................................................135 Workshop - Impressions……….………………………...………………… …………137 PREFACE The Austrian-Polish workshop “Soil Organic Matter and Element Interactions” took place in Vienna from April 20-23, 2005 and was the continuation of the workshop “Soil monitoring and soil protection”, which was carried out in Lublin, Poland in 2002. The idea of having such meetings every two to three years - once in Poland, once in Austria – should be continued in the future. At the meeting in Vienna, Polish and Austrian soil scientists exchanged their results on soil investigations, environmental pollution, soil classiffication, and remediation techniques, discussed the role of organic matter in soil in both countries and its importance in the future as well as problems of forestry and afforestation in Austria and Poland. We would like to thank Prof. Marian Herman from the Polish Academy of Sciences in Vienna for providing the location of the workshop and accomodation. It was really an appropriate place for such a kind of meeting. We would like to thank also the head of the Association for Food, Veterinary, and Agriculture (ALVA) Doz. Dr. Gerhard Bedlan and the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES) for the support of the meeting and for the possibility to visit the AGES Institute for Soil Health and Plant Nutrition in Vienna. We are especially grateful to Prof. Othmar Nestroy for organising and leading an interesting farm and field excursion, for his geological and geographical introduction to the workshop and for having been an excellent guide through the city of Vienna before and after the official meeting. All the speakers we would like to thank for the good presentations and careful preparations of the papers. This brochure contains all presentations from the workshop in Vienna and focuses on the role of organic matter in soil and it`s interactions with nutrients and microelements. We do hope that this brochure provides a basis for understanding this special kind of research in Poland and in Austria and that it helps to intensify Polish-Austrian cooperation in this field of work. Aleksandra Badora1, Karl Aichberger2 1 Prof. Dr habil. Aleksandra Badora, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Agricultural University of Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Dr. Karl Aichberger, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Agricultural Analysis, Wieningerstrasse 8, A-4020 Linz, Austria, e-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION TO AUSTRIA - A GENERAL GEOGRAPHIC SURVEY Othmar Nestroy Institute of Applied Geosciences, University of Technology, Graz The Republic of Austria, which covers an area of 83,871 square kilometres, looks back at a most eventful history. It began with the first mention of “Ostarichi” in 996, which referred to an area between Amstetten – Krems – St. Pölten in Lower Austria. By the 16th century, under the rule of Charles V, Austria had developed into a large empire, where “the sun did not set“. Now the country has dwindled to what remained from the Danube Monarchy after the Peace Treaties of St. German-en-Laye in 1919 and Trianon in 1920. The next outstanding events were the Austrian peace treaty of 1955 following World War II, and finally Austria’s entry into the European Community in 1995. No less eventfull and varied than the country’s history are its geology, climate, physical geography, and landscape (Map 1 and Map 2) Map 1. Physical map of Austria ALVA-Mitteilungen, Heft 3, 2005 7 Map 2. Shares of different altitudes above sea-level in Austria GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF AUSTRIA About 10% of Austiran’s area is taken up by the Variscan Massif (Moldanubian and Moravian Zones, see Map 3) ranging from 400m to 900m in altitude and with a moderate to strong relief, reaching 1,387m in maximum altitude. The Variscan Massif (the Bohemian Massif) consists of granite mainly in the west, while gneiss prevails in the east. Apart from some negligible exceptions such as Sauwald, Kürnberger Wald, Neustadtler Platte, and Dunkelsteiner Wald, this zone is bounded by the Danube to the south and the Manhartsberg hill to the east. The dominant feature in Austria’s geography are the Eastern Alps, which cover about 64% of the country’s area. These can be divided into the flysch zone (about 5%), the Northern Calcareous Alps and the Graywacke Zone (about 22%), the Central Alps (about 33%) and, finally, the Southern Alps (about 4%). This Alpine body is surrounded by the forelands (about 22%) to the north and south-east, and by several inner-alpine and pheripheral basins, accounting for about 4% in total, such as the basins of Vienna, Graz, Klagenfurt, Lungau, and Tullner Feld. The Eastern Alps are lower and wider than the Western Alps and, also in constrast to these, do not consist of autochthonous massifs, but are the result of very complex nappe folding. The Central Alps are separated from the flysch zone as well as the Calcareous Alps and the Graywacke Zone to the north by a series of longitudinal valleys and passes (Kloster valley, Arlberg, Inn valley, Gerlos pass, Salzach valley, Enns valley, Schober pass, Mur valley, Semmering, Schwarza valley). To the south, this boundary is essentially formed by the river 8 ALVA-Mitteilungen, Heft 3, 2005 Drau, or a series of valleys composed of the Puster valley, the Drau valley, the Klagenfurt basin, and the Missling valley. The Central Alps show very rugged forms and reach high altitudes, especially in the western and central parts due
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