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at a glance 2019 ! Northwest ! ! Newfoundland and Labrador

Edmonton ! ! ! St. John's ! Victoria Regina ! Fredericton ! ! Québec ! ! ! Halifax ^_ New

! Brunswick Population...... 2, 3, 4

Health...... 5, 6

Education...... 7

Crime...... 8

Housing...... 9

Income, Spending...... 10

Government...... 11

International comparisons...... 12, 13

Labour...... 14, 15

Economy...... 16, 17, 18

International trade...... 19

Energy...... 20

Manufacturing...... 21

Agriculture...... 22

Travel, Transport...... 23

Environment...... 24 Population Population estimates 2008 2013 2018p 2008 to 2018 number % change Canada 33,372,418 35,211,866 37,242,571 11.6 Newfoundland and Labrador 513,437 528,117 525,073 2.3 Prince Edward Island 139,465 144,103 154,750 11.0 Nova Scotia 937,045 940,105 964,693 3.0 747,769 758,670 772,238 3.3 Quebec 7,786,475 8,124,660 8,421,698 8.2 Ontario 12,927,148 13,558,528 14,411,424 11.5 Manitoba 1,199,548 1,268,428 1,356,836 13.1 Saskatchewan 1,022,553 1,103,730 1,165,903 14.0 Alberta 3,619,292 4,010,903 4,330,206 19.6 British Columbia 4,371,124 4,658,875 5,016,322 14.8 Yukon 33,306 36,448 40,333 21.1 43,293 43,756 44,445 2.7 Nunavut 31,963 35,543 38,650 20.9 p preliminary Note: Population estimates as of October 1. Source: Canada, table 17-10-0009-01. Components of demographic growth 1997/1998 2007/2008 2017/2018p number Births 345,123 373,695 385,777 Deaths 217,688 236,525 279,936 Immigrants 194,459 249,622 303,257 Emigrants 51,816 66,158 69,550 Returning emigrants 18,671 33,576 40,626 Net temporary emigrants 25,563 18,525 27,315 Net non-permanent residents -3,983 51,478 165,729 p preliminary Note: All figures are for the one-year period ending June 30. Source: Statistics Canada, table 17-10-0008-01. Population growth thousands 600 Population growth 500 Natural increase International migratory increase 400

300

200

100

0 1977/1978 1987/1988 1997/1998 2007/2008 2017/2018 Note: Until 2015/2016 inclusively, population growth is not equal to the sum of natural increase and international migratory increase because residual deviation must also be considered in the calculation. Source: Statistics Canada, table 17-10-0008-01.

2 Population Marital status of , 2018p

Single (never legally married)¹ Living common law Married and not separated Separated¹ Divorced¹ Widowed¹ 0 10 20 30 40 50 % p preliminary 1. Not living common law. Note: Canadians aged 15 and older as of July 1. Source: Statistics Canada, table 17-10-0060-01.

Population by mother tongue, selected languages 2006 2016 2006 to 2016 number % change Total population¹ 31,241,030 34,767,255 11.3 English 17,882,775 19,460,855 8.8 French 6,817,655 7,166,705 5.1 Chinese languages2 1,012,065 1,253,360 23.8 Punjabi (Panjabi) 367,505 501,680 36.5 Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 235,615 431,385 83.1 Spanish 345,345 458,850 32.9 Arabic 261,640 419,890 60.5 Italian 455,040 375,640 -17.4 German 450,570 384,035 -14.8 Urdu 145,805 210,820 44.6 1. Excludes data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements. 2. Chinese languages comprise Cantonese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka, Mandarin, Shanghainese, Taiwanese and Chinese not otherwise specified. Note: Data correspond to total single language responses. Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 and 2016 of population. Immigrants admitted in Canada, by destination number 125,000 1997 100,000 2017

75,000

50,000

25,000

0 Territories B.C. Alta. Sask. Man. Ont. Que. Atlantic region Source: Statistics Canada, table 17-10-0040-01.

3 Population Population of census metropolitan areas 2007 2017p 2007 to 2017 number % change Total population 32,889,025 36,540,268 11.1 St. John's 186,067 219,207 17.8 Halifax 386,498 431,701 11.7 131,123 152,169 16.1 Saint John 125,550 128,541 2.4 Saguenay 157,213 159,258 1.3 Québec 736,993 812,205 10.2 195,028 218,633 12.1 Trois-Rivières 147,023 158,942 8.1 Montréal 3,714,846 4,138,254 11.4 Ottawa– 1,188,073 1,377,016 15.9 Kingston 158,664 173,862 9.6 Peterborough 120,560 126,291 4.8 348,280 402,399 15.5 Toronto 5,418,207 6,346,088 17.1 Hamilton 722,102 787,195 9.0 St. Catharines–Niagara 402,581 416,539 3.5 Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo 474,219 527,765 11.3 136,330 147,489 8.2 140,035 159,988 14.2 London 478,492 521,756 9.0 Windsor 333,507 344,747 3.4 186,064 209,081 12.4 164,808 165,270 0.3 126,024 124,164 -1.5 Winnipeg 719,065 825,713 14.8 Regina 202,481 253,220 25.1 244,193 323,809 32.6 1,153,769 1,488,841 29.0 1,104,557 1,411,945 27.8 170,987 202,208 18.3 Abbotsford–Mission 165,676 190,714 15.1 2,218,134 2,571,262 15.9 Victoria 341,571 377,414 10.5 p preliminary Note: Population estimates as of July 1. Census metropolitan areas are based on the Standard Geographical Classification 2011. Sources: Statistics Canada, table 17-10-0135-01. Population shares of children and seniors, by Aboriginal identity, 2016 % 50 0 to 14 years 40 65 years and older

30

20

10

0 Métis Non-Aboriginal population Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2016.

4 Health Life expectancy 1984 1994 2004 2014 to 1986 to 1996 to 2006 to 2016 years Females At birth 79.8 81.0 82.6 84.0 At age 65 19.2 19.9 20.9 22.1 Males At birth 73.1 75.2 77.9 79.9 At age 65 14.9 16.0 17.7 19.3 Source: Statistics Canada, table 13-10-0114-01. Heavy drinking, by age group and sex, 2017 % 50 Males Females 40

30

20

10 E 0 12 to 17 years 18 to 34 years 35 to 49 years 50 to 64 years 65 years and older E use with caution Note: Heavy drinking refers to males who reported having five or more drinks, or females who reported having four or more drinks, on one occasion, at least once a month in the past year. Data exclude the territories. Source: Statistics Canada, table 13-10-0096-01.

Selected health indicators, 2017 Both sexes Males Females % Arthritis (15 years and older) 19.3 16.0 22.4 Diabetes 7.3 8.4 6.3 Asthma 7.8 6.9 8.8 High blood pressure 17.8 18.4 17.2 Current smoker, daily or occasional 16.2 19.1 13.4 Fruit and vegetable consumption, five times or more daily 28.6 22.3 34.7 BMI self-reported, adult (18 years and older), overweight 36.0 41.0 30.9 BMI self-reported, adult (18 years and older), obese 26.9 27.9 25.8 Perceived mental health, very good or excellent 70.3 72.7 68.0 Perceived mental health, fair or poor 7.0 6.2 7.9 Life satisfaction, satisfied or very satisfied 92.9 92.8 93.0 Has a regular healthcare provider 84.7 80.9 88.4 Notes: Population aged 12 and older, unless otherwise specified. Body mass index (BMI). Source: Statistics Canada, table 13-10-0096-01.

5 Health Average age of Canadian mothers at time of giving birth, by mother’s or of residence, 2017

Canada N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. Y.T.1 N.W.T. Nvt. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 average age 1. Data for Yukon are for 2016. Note: Includes data on live births only. Source: Statistics Canada, table 13-10-0417-01.

Mortality rates, selected causes, 2016 Both sexes Males Females rate per 100,000 population1 Total, all causes of death 664.4 800.2 557.1 Sepsis 4.7 5.6 4.1 Viral hepatitis 1.2 1.6 0.7 Human immunodeficiency virus 0.5 0.8 0.2 Malignant neoplasms 198.6 235.2 172.6 Diabetes mellitus 17.0 21.4 13.5 Alzheimer's disease 15.6 13.5 16.8 Heart diseases 126.0 164.1 95.4 Cerebrovascular diseases 33.1 34.6 31.5 Influenza and pneumonia 15.1 18.5 12.9 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 30.3 36.9 26.2 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 8.7 11.9 5.9 Renal failure 7.2 9.0 6.0 Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 2.9 3.0 2.8 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities 2.9 3.0 2.7 Accidents (unintentional injuries) 32.4 43.2 22.6 Suicide 11.0 16.5 5.7 Homicide 1.1 1.7 0.5 1. Rates are age-standardized to the 2011 Census of Population. Source: Statistics Canada, table 13-10-0800-01.

6 Education Educational attainment of working-age population 2008 2013 2018 thousands Working-age population 26,824 28,647 30,290 % 0 to 8 years 7.3 5.9 4.6 Some high school 14.4 12.7 10.8 High school graduate 19.6 20.5 20.1 Some postsecondary 8.5 7.3 6.8 Postsecondary certificate or diploma 30.4 31.3 32.0 University degree 19.8 22.5 25.8 Bachelor's degree 13.5 15.3 17.6 Above bachelor's degree 6.2 7.2 8.2 Note: Population aged 15 and older based on Labour Force Survey estimates. Source: Statistics Canada, table 14-10-0020-01. Tuition fees for full-time Canadian undergraduate students 2016/2017 2017/2018 2018/2019p average (dollars) Canada 6,375 6,618 6,838 Newfoundland and Labrador 2,752 2,821 2,885 Prince Edward Island 6,310 6,485 6,614 Nova Scotia 7,322 7,718 8,153 New Brunswick 6,714 6,908 7,108 Quebec 2,817 2,880 2,961 Ontario 8,154 8,519 8,838 Manitoba 4,099 4,227 4,501 Saskatchewan 7,042 7,257 7,522 Alberta 5,742 5,736 5,744 British Columbia 5,523 5,669 5,782 p preliminary Note: Weighted averages are calculated using the most current enrollment data available. Source: Statistics Canada, table 37-10-0045-01.

Public postsecondary enrollment annual % change 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 Canadian students International students -4 2006/2007 2008/2009 2010/2011 2012/2013 2014/2015 2016/2017

Source: Statistics Canada, table 37-10-0018-01.

7 Crime Police-reported crime rate rate per 100,000 population 10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Note: Total, all Criminal Code violations, excluding traffic. Source: Statistics Canada, table 35-10-0177-01.

Police-reported crime statistics 2007 2012 2017 actual incidents Criminal Code violations (excluding traffic) 2,271,754 1,957,227 1,958,023 Violent Criminal Code violations 445,252 416,147 403,201 Property crimes 1,488,103 1,193,600 1,191,089 Other Criminal Code violations 338,399 347,480 363,733 Selected violations Homicide 594 543 660 Sexual assault (levels 1 to 3) 21,434 21,870 24,672 Assault (levels 1 to 3) 239,059 223,630 218,428 Breaking and entering 231,520 176,250 159,336 Motor vehicle theft 145,714 78,068 85,020 Drugs 101,208 110,093 90,625 Impaired driving 79,395 84,149 69,047 Source: Statistics Canada, table 35-10-0177-01.

Police officers per 100,000 population, by province police officers per 100,000 population (rate) 250 1987 2017 200

150

100

50

0 Canada N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. B.C. Source: Statistics Canada, table 35-10-0076-01.

8 Housing Building permits, 2018 Total Residential Non-residential millions of dollars Canada 99,773 62,843 36,929 Newfoundland and Labrador 735 284 451 Prince Edward Island 385 242 143 Nova Scotia 1,491 1,002 488 New Brunswick 1,053 491 562 Quebec 19,957 11,973 7,985 Ontario 38,173 24,792 13,380 Manitoba 2,974 1,670 1,304 Saskatchewan 1,834 829 1,005 Alberta 13,459 7,776 5,683 British Columbia 19,314 13,623 5,691 Yukon 152 63 89 Northwest Territories 50 22 29 Nunavut 196 76 120 Source: Statistics Canada, table 34-10-066-01.

New Housing Price Index annual % change (December 2016 = 100) 15

10

5

0

-5

-10 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018 Source: Statistics Canada, table 18-10-0205-01.

Home ownership, 2017 Owned dwelling Owned dwelling Rented with mortgage(s) without mortgage dwelling % Canada 36.3 30.0 33.6 Newfoundland and Labrador 36.5 40.9 22.6 Prince Edward Island 41.5 32.3 26.3 Nova Scotia 31.8 35.3 32.9 New Brunswick 36.8 40.2 23.0 Quebec 33.9 25.6 40.5 Ontario 36.4 30.7 32.8 Manitoba 38.4 32.2 29.4 Saskatchewan 37.2 38.5 24.3 Alberta 41.6 29.6 28.8 British Columbia 36.2 30.2 33.6 Source: Statistics Canada, table 11-10-0228-01.

9 Income, Spending Median after-tax income, by economic family type 2017 constant dollars (2017) Economic families, two or more people 81,500 Elderly families 61,200 Elderly couples 59,800 Other elderly families 67,000 Non-elderly families 87,600 Couples 79,700 Couples with children 97,100 Couples with other relatives 121,400 Lone-parent families 50,200 Other non-elderly families 71,300 Unattached individuals 30,300 Elderly males 29,200 Elderly females 26,700 Non-elderly males 33,400 Non-elderly females 30,000 Source: Statistics Canada, table 11-10-0190-01.

Average household expenditures 2016 2017 2016 to 2017 dollars % change Total expenditures 84,489 86,070 1.9 Total current consumption 62,183 63,723 2.5 Food 8,784 8,527 -2.9 Shelter 18,032 18,637 3.4 Household operations 4,704 4,827 2.6 Household furnishings and equipment 2,300 2,314 0.6 Clothing and accessories 3,371 3,430 1.8 Transportation 11,909 12,707 6.7 Health care 2,574 2,579 0.2 Personal care 1,311 1,300 -0.8 Recreation 3,935 3,986 1.3 Education 1,688 1,777 5.3 Reading materials and other printed matter 156 158 1.3 Tobacco products and alcoholic beverages 1,406 1,497 6.5 Games of chance (net amount) 217 200 -7.8 Miscellaneous 1,794 1,785 -0.5 Income taxes 15,310 14,993 -2.1 Personal insurance payments and pension contributions 5,067 5,137 1.4 Gifts of money, support payments and charitable contributions 1,929 2,218 15.0 Source: Statistics Canada, table 11-10-0222-01.

10 Government Central bank rate % 25

20

15

10

5

0 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018 Sources: Bank of Canada and Statistics Canada, table 10-10-0122-01.

Federal government finance 2013 2015 2017 millions of dollars Revenue 269,713 289,268 313,152 Taxes 227,707 248,530 272,639 Taxes on income, profits and capital gains 176,838 193,756 212,991 Taxes on goods and services 46,570 49,260 54,219 Taxes on international trade and transactions 4,299 5,515 5,429 Social contributions 22,215 23,563 21,559 Grants, revenue 946 944 950 Other revenue 18,845 16,230 18,004 Expenses 273,825 287,047 320,548 Compensation of employees 38,495 38,141 41,779 Use of goods and services 19,942 20,945 25,503 Consumption of fixed capital 9,064 9,348 9,772 Interest expense 25,760 23,575 22,781 Subsidies 2,849 2,720 2,746 Grants, expense 88,481 91,782 103,567 Social benefits 78,186 89,341 101,945 Other expenses 11,049 11,195 12,454 Net worth -556,782 -579,067 -537,819 Non-financial assets 64,096 59,607 73,749 Net financial worth -620,878 -638,674 -611,568 Financial assets 343,250 391,473 426,107 Liabilities 964,127 1,030,147 1,037,674 Note: Data may not add up to totals because of rounding. Source: Statistics Canada, table 10-10-0016-01.

11 International comparisons

Population Life expectancy GDP per capita General Consumer Unemployment rate 2018 at birth 2017 government debt Price Index 2017 2015 2017 2018 millions years US$1 % of GDP annual % change % OECD2 countries Australia 24.1 82.5 52,003 65.9 1.9 5.6 Austria 8.8 81.3 53,895 94.9 2.0 5.5 Belgium 11.4 81.1 49,512 121.9 2.1 7.1 Canada 37.2 81.93 46,510 109.0 2.3 6.3 Chile 18.6 79.9 24,122 29.6 2.4 6.7 Czech Republic 10.6 78.7 38,037 43.8 2.1 2.9 Denmark 5.8 80.8 54,337 48.9 0.8 5.6 Estonia 1.3 77.7 33,493 12.6 3.4 5.8 Finland 5.5 81.6 46,344 73.2 1.1 8.6 France 65.1 82.4 44,191p 124.2 1.9 9.4 Germany 82.8 80.7 52,574 71.5 1.7 3.7 Greece 10.6 81.1 28,580p 188.7 0.6 21.5 Hungary 9.8 75.7 28,799 91.4 2.9 4.1 Iceland 0.4 82.5 55,322 .. 2.7 2.7 Ireland 4.9 81.5 76,889 77.2 0.5 6.7 Israel 8.5 82.1 38,886 75.24 0.8 4.2 Italy 60.6 82.6 40,924 152.6 1.1 11.2 Japan 126.5 83.9 41,978e 233.7 1.0 2.8 Korea 51.8 82.1 38,839p .. 1.5 3.7 Latvia 1.9 74.6 28,378 47.3 2.5 8.7 Lithuania 2.8 74.5 33,325 47.8 2.7 7.1 Luxembourg 0.6 82.4 107,525 30.5 1.5 5.5 Mexico 130.8 75.0 19,630e 51.74 4.9 3.4 Netherlands 17.2 81.6 54,423p 69.8 1.7 4.8 New Zealand 4.9 81.7 40,527 .. 1.6 4.7 5.3 82.4 62,183e 42.8 2.8 4.2 Poland 38.4 77.6 29,574 68.2 1.7 4.9 Portugal 10.3 81.2 32,554p 145.4 1.0 8.9 Slovak Republic 5.4 76.7 32,376 58.2 2.5 8.1 Slovenia 2.1 80.9 36,163 88.2 1.7 6.7 Spain 46.7 82.9 39,087p 114.7 1.7 17.2 10.2 82.3 51,405 57.9 2.0 6.7 Switzerland 8.5 83.0 66,300 42.9 0.9 4.8 Turkey 81.3 78.0 28,607 e 35.2 16.3 10.8 United Kingdom 66.4 81.0 44,909 116.3 2.3 4.3 United States 328.0 78.7 59,774 135.8 2.4 4.4 All OECD 1,305.1 .. 44,290e .. 2.6 5.8 Non-OECD countries China 1,393.8 76.0 16,762 .. 2.1 .. India 1,371.3 68.4 6,7015 .. 4.9 .. Russia 147.3 71.3 24,0815 .. 2.9 5.2 South Africa 57.7 57.5 13,545 .. 4.5 27.5 .. not available for a specific reference period p preliminary e estimate 1. Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices using current exchange rates. 2. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 3. 2014 to 2016 data. 4. 2016 data. 5. 2017 data. Note: International comparisons should be used to gain a general impression only, as there are differences in definitions, data collection and other factors. Sources: Population figures are from “World population data” at prb.org (mid-2018); OECD (2019), Life expectancy at birth (indicator). doi: 10.1787/27e0fc9d-en; Gross domestic product (GDP) (indicator). doi: 10.1787/dc2f7aec-en; General government debt (indicator). doi: 10.1787/a0528cc2-en; Inflation (CPI) (indicator). doi: 10.1787/eee82e6e-en; Unemployment rate (indicator). doi: 10.1787/997c8750-en (Accessed on 18 March 2019).

12 13

CAG-2019-eng.indd 12-13 02/05/2019 2:29:36 PM Labour Labour force characteristics, by sex 2008 2013 2018 thousands Labour force 18,122 19,038 19,813 Males 9,596 9,997 10,396 Females 8,527 9,041 9,417 Employed 17,010 17,691 18,658 Males 8,965 9,246 9,758 Females 8,045 8,445 8,899 Unemployed 1,112 1,347 1,155 Males 630 750 638 Females 482 597 517 % Unemployment rate 6.1 7.1 5.8 Males 6.6 7.5 6.1 Females 5.7 6.6 5.5 Participation rate 67.6 66.5 65.4 Males 72.7 70.9 69.6 Females 62.6 62.2 61.3 Employment rate 63.4 61.8 61.6 Males 68.0 65.6 65.4 Females 59.0 58.1 57.9 Source: Statistics Canada, table 14-10-0327-01.

Average weekly wages, by industry 2008 2013 2018 current dollars Total employees, all industries 781.02 881.58 984.13 Goods-producing industries 920.56 1,048.84 1,159.37 Agriculture 538.84 596.97 774.38 Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, and oil and gas 1,238.09 1,512.10 1,680.77 Utilities 1,199.94 1,353.51 1,582.12 Construction 929.05 1,068.85 1,176.22 Manufacturing 869.09 954.49 1,043.70 Services-producing industries 740.21 835.93 938.51 Wholesale and retail trade 568.46 637.37 734.37 Transportation and warehousing 841.57 945.56 1,042.42 Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing 896.79 994.17 1,157.53 Professional, scientific and technical services 1,034.88 1,171.57 1,275.08 Business, building and other support services 586.89 660.62 766.25 Educational services 907.65 1,026.11 1,105.65 Health care and social assistance 751.38 850.96 939.30 Information, culture and recreation 736.24 808.62 857.57 Accommodation and food services 367.31 413.96 480.89 Public administration 1,047.18 1,202.75 1,353.73 Other services (except public administration) 635.45 753.82 841.68 Note: North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), 2012. Source: Statistics Canada, table 14-10-0064-01.

14 Labour Employment, by industry 2008 2013 2018 thousands Total, all industries 17,010 17,691 18,658 Goods-producing industries 3,981 3,910 3,929 Agriculture 330 314 277 Forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying, oil and gas 341 368 341 Utilities 146 135 145 Construction 1,236 1,370 1,438 Manufacturing 1,927 1,723 1,728 Services-producing industries 13,030 13,781 14,729 Wholesale and retail trade 2,678 2,711 2,795 Transportation and warehousing 850 883 991 Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing 1,061 1,079 1,174 Professional, scientific and technical services 1,173 1,311 1,467 Business, building and other support services 704 741 777 Educational services 1,164 1,227 1,325 Health care and social assistance 1,890 2,190 2,407 Information, culture and recreation 750 757 787 Accommodation and food services 1,089 1,170 1,235 Public administration 910 919 969 Other services (except public administration) 761 795 803 Note: North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), 2012. Source: Statistics Canada, table 14-10-0023-01.

Unemployment rate

Canada N.L. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. Sask. Alta. 2008 B.C. 2018 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 % Source: Statistics Canada, table 14-10-0327-02.

15 Economy Gross domestic product at basic prices, by industry 2014 2016 2018 millions of 2012 chained dollars All industries 1,804,500 1,839,238 1,937,021 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 36,170 39,371 40,158 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 141,701 133,050 151,595 Utilities 40,343 41,021 42,737 Construction 144,554 134,927 141,557 Manufacturing 187,914 190,340 201,869 Wholesale trade 97,598 95,305 103,606 Retail trade 91,276 93,849 100,047 Transportation and warehousing 77,060 81,356 87,787 Information and cultural industries 56,130 57,797 58,502 Finance and insurance 111,814 122,076 128,226 Real estate and rental and leasing 222,014 235,390 245,187 Professional, scientific and technical services 104,517 104,423 110,662 Management of companies and enterprises 11,360 11,630 10,731 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 50,049 50,790 51,342 Educational services 96,452 99,198 103,293 Health care and social assistance 124,221 128,931 135,065 Arts, entertainment and recreation 13,677 14,409 15,238 Accommodation and food services 38,971 41,213 43,870 Other services 37,097 36,752 37,475 Public administration 121,309 123,635 128,630 Note: North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Source: Statistics Canada, table 36-10-0434-01. Real gross domestic product at market prices annual % change 8

6

4

2

0

-2

-4 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018 Note: 2012 chained dollars. Source: Statistics Canada, table 36-10-0104-01. Exchange rates in Canadian dollars 1998 2008 2018 United States dollar 1.385 1.067 1.296 Japanese yen 0.011 0.010 0.012 United Kingdom pound sterling 2.459 1.961 1.730 Mexican peso 0.163 0.096 0.067 European euro .. 1.560 1.531 .. not available for a specific reference period Note: Annual average. Sources: Bank of Canada and Statistics Canada, table 33-10-0163-01. 16 Economy Consumer Price Index, selected components 1979 1989 1999 2009 to 1988 to 1998 to 2008 to 2018 % change All-items Consumer Price Index 6.6 2.2 2.3 1.7 Food 5.9 1.9 2.6 2.0 Shelter 6.7 1.7 3.1 1.7 Rented accommodation 5.4 2.1 1.4 1.2 Owned accommodation 6.8 1.1 3.3 1.6 Water, fuel and electricity 8.2 3.5 5.2 2.4 Electricity 6.8 3.7 2.5 2.4 Water 7.1 5.1 5.4 5.2 Natural gas 7.4 2.8 7.4 -0.7 Fuel oil and other fuels 9.0 2.5 12.7 4.8 Household operations 6.1 2.1 1.7 2.2 Household furnishings and equipment 5.2 0.8 -0.2 0.1 Clothing and footwear 5.1 1.9 -0.7 0.1 Transportation 7.4 3.1 2.9 2.3 Gasoline 8.9 0.9 7.6 3.3 Health and personal care 6.6 2.4 1.5 1.3 Recreation, education and reading 6.5 3.2 0.9 1.3 Alcoholic beverages and tobacco products 10.6 2.5 5.8 2.8 Note: Compound annual growth rates. Source: Statistics Canada, table 18-10-0005-01.

Retail sales, by industry 2008 2013 2018 millions of dollars Retail trade 427,956 484,474 604,535 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 94,179 113,087 162,345 New car dealers 74,454 91,429 130,371 Used car dealers 5,715 6,490 11,418 Other motor vehicle dealers 7,938 7,653 10,379 Automotive parts, accessories and tire stores 6,071 7,515 10,178 Furniture stores 10,172 9,687 11,528 Home furnishings stores 5,655 5,751 7,055 Electronics and appliance stores 15,532 13,691 16,521 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 27,526 27,413 37,587 Food and beverage stores 97,933 108,126 124,200 Supermarkets and other grocery (except convenience) stores 69,756 76,093 84,100 Beer, wine and liquor stores 17,065 19,631 23,808 Health and personal care stores 29,469 35,328 46,451 Gasoline stations 51,791 61,563 66,785 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 23,967 27,234 34,390 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 9,910 10,823 12,656 General merchandise stores 50,573 59,823 69,365 Miscellaneous store retailers 11,251 11,948 15,652 Source: Statistics Canada, table 20-10-0008-01.

17 Economy Current account balances billions of dollars 40 Current account 20 Goods and services Primary and secondary income 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Note: Primary and secondary income includes investment income, compensation of employees and current transfers. Source: Statistics Canada, table 36-10-0014-01.

International transactions in securities 2015 2016 2017 2018 millions of dollars Canadian portfolio investment abroad 60,108 12,885 84,657 58,140 Foreign money market instruments -1,568 -1,594 3,765 2,289 Foreign bonds 36,314 -5,528 12,263 48,087 Foreign equity and investment fund shares 25,363 20,006 68,629 7,764 Foreign portfolio investment in Canada 121,659 170,094 189,166 69,570 Canadian money market instruments 6,530 4,180 -12,097 17,755 Canadian bonds 101,520 112,700 144,713 24,268 Canadian equity and investment fund shares 13,609 53,214 56,550 27,546 Source: Statistics Canada, table 36-10-0471-01.

Canada’s international investment position, market value billions of dollars 6,000 Assets 5,000 Liabilities 4,000 Net international investment position 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 -1,000 1998 2003 2008 2013 2018 Source: Statistics Canada, table 36-10-0485-01.

18 International trade Major goods trading partners, 2018 Exports Imports Trade balance millions of dollars Total 585,435 607,218 -21,783 United States 432,811 390,880 41,931 China 29,038 46,356 -17,318 United Kingdom 16,896 8,216 8,680 Japan 13,279 12,717 563 Mexico 9,493 20,859 -11,366 South Korea 6,121 8,268 -2,147 Germany 5,187 16,634 -11,446 Netherlands 4,923 5,955 -1,032 France 3,525 5,086 -1,561 Italy 3,155 6,709 -3,553 Note: Balance of payments basis. Source: Statistics Canada, table 12-10-0011-01. Merchandise trade balance billions of dollars 80 60 40 20

0 -20 -40

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Note: Balance of payments basis. Source: Statistics Canada, table 12-10-0011-01. Exports and imports of merchandise, 2018 Exports Imports Trade balance millions of dollars Total, all merchandise 585,435 607,218 -21,783 Farm, fishing and intermediate food products 39,696 20,295 19,400 Energy products 111,067 38,180 72,887 Metal ores and non-metallic minerals 19,302 14,384 4,918 Metal and non-metallic mineral products 64,659 41,480 23,179 Basic and industrial chemical, plastic and rubber products 35,012 47,307 -12,295 Forestry products and building and packaging materials 47,223 26,876 20,347 Industrial machinery, equipment and parts 39,402 68,197 -28,795 Electronic and electrical equipment and parts 29,407 71,294 -41,887 Motor vehicles and parts 90,454 113,815 -23,361 Aircraft and other transportation equipment and parts 25,823 23,756 2,068 Consumer goods 66,542 121,359 -54,817 Special transaction trade 3,774 8,666 -4,893 Other balance of payments adjustments 13,074 11,609 1,465 Note: Balance of payments basis. Source: Statistics Canada, table 12-10-0121-01. 19 Energy Selected energy price indexes annual % change 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 All-items CPI¹ Natural gas -30 Fuel oil and other fuels Gasoline -40 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 1. Consumer Price Index (CPI). Source: Statistics Canada, table 18-10-0005-01. Gasoline prices, selected urban centres 1998 2008 2018 cents per litre St. John’s 64.4 123.6 127.1 Charlottetown and Summerside 53.6 114.5 121.2 Halifax 57.1 118.4 119.0 Saint John 55.4 113.7 120.4 Québec 55.2 120.1 125.5 Montréal 56.3 118.8 131.9 Ottawa 51.3 108.7 122.7 Toronto 51.6 110.3 126.6 Thunder Bay 54.0 118.6 135.3 Winnipeg 53.3 115.8 113.1 Regina 55.7 117.3 114.4 Saskatoon 56.7 117.3 116.0 Edmonton 47.0 109.2 116.8 Calgary 48.9 111.1 119.8 Vancouver 50.6 121.3 150.0 Victoria 52.7 122.5 142.9 Whitehorse 66.9 124.6 135.5 Yellowknife 72.1 131.1 135.7 Note: Average annual price of regular unleaded gasoline at self-service filling stations. Source: Statistics Canada, table 18-10-0001-01. Exports of energy products billions of dollars 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Note: Balance of payments basis. Source: Statistics Canada, table 12-10-0121-01. 20 Manufacturing Manufacturing industries, selected statistics 2015 2016 2017 millions of dollars Revenue 657,972 665,014 700,261 Revenue from goods manufactured 615,139 620,481 651,286 Expenses 596,429 598,662 630,748 Salaries and wages, direct and indirect labour 84,463 84,920 89,361 Cost of energy, water utility and vehicle fuel 14,555 14,468 15,181 Cost of materials and supplies 374,819 379,112 400,683 number Employees, direct and indirect labour 1,522,671 1,523,484 1,574,977 millions of dollars Opening inventories 73,400 77,679 76,949 Closing inventories 76,760 77,806 81,750 Manufacturing value added 228,712 226,921 239,991 Source: Statistics Canada, table 16-10-0117-01.

New motor vehicle sales, by country of manufacture 1997 2017 1997 to 2017 units % change New motor vehicles, total 1,424,380 2,076,945 45.8 Passenger cars, total 738,550 646,960 -12.4 629,488 422,517 -32.9 Japan 66,297 63,140 -4.8 Other countries 42,765 161,303 277.2 Trucks, total 685,830 1,429,985 108.5 North America 628,214 1,159,311 84.5 Overseas 57,616 270,674 369.8 Note: Trucks include minivans, sport utility vehicles, light and heavy trucks, vans and buses. Source: Statistics Canada, table 20-10-0001-01.

Industrial capacity utilization rates % 90

85

80

75

70 Total industrial Manufacturing 65 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Note: North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), 2002. Source: Statistics Canada, table 16-10-0109-01.

21 Agriculture Maple products in Canada millions of gallons 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1928 1938 1948 1958 1968 1978 1988 1998 2008 2018

Source: Statistics Canada, table 32-10-0354-01. Farms, by operation type 2011 2016 2011 to 2016 number % change Total 205,730 193,492 -5.9 Cattle 49,613 46,538 -6.2 Hogs and pigs 3,470 3,305 -4.8 Poultry and eggs 4,484 4,903 9.3 Sheep and goats 3,924 3,056 -22.1 Other animals 24,124 19,792 -18.0 Oilseeds and grains 61,692 63,628 3.1 Vegetables and melons 4,822 5,514 14.4 Fruit and tree nuts 8,253 7,845 -4.9 Greenhouse and nursery 7,946 6,449 -18.8 Other crops 37,402 32,462 -13.2 Source: Statistics Canada, table 32-10-0403-01.

Aquaculture in Canada 2012 2017 2012 to 2017 tonnes % change Total finfish 140,779 151,342 7.5 Salmon 116,101 120,553 3.8 Trout 6,077 9,126 50.2 Steelhead 505 1072 112.3 Other finfish 645 1,304 102.2 Total shellfish 43,022 40,074 -6.9 Clams 3,192 1,624 -49.1 Oysters 10,497 13,800 31.5 Mussels 29,033 24,448 -15.8 Scallops 215 75 -65.1 Other shellfish 86 127 47.7 Source: Statistics Canada, table 32-10-0107-01.

22 Travel, Transport Travellers to Canada, by country of origin, 2017 Trips Nights Spending in Canada thousands CAN$ millions United States 14,277 65,842 9,514 United Kingdom 780 8,934 986 China 665 19,866 1,638 France 542 8,514 770 Australia 369 6,746 917 Germany 368 5,402 621 Mexico 339 6,144 595 Japan 288 3,597 546 South Korea 286 4,735 503 India 261 9,652 407 Brazil 137 3,230 310 Netherlands 136 1,851 209 Note: Includes overnight trips only. Source: Statistics Canada, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics. Travel by Canadians to foreign countries, 2017 Visits Nights Spending in country thousands CAN$ millions United States 20,210 194,601 19,493 Mexico 2,046 30,202 2,697 United Kingdom 1,490 20,576 2,229 France 1,262 16,657 1,866 Cuba 881 9,352 780 Germany 634 5,731 623 Italy 516 6,269 656 Dominican Republic 512 7,559 584 Spain 503 5,844 468 China 477 9,904 1,051 Netherlands 332 2,450 228 India 308 11,508 912 Note: Includes overnight trips only. Source: Statistics Canada, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics.

Gross sales of gasoline for motor vehicles millions of litres 50,000

45,000

40,000

35,000

30,000 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017 Source: Statistics Canada, table 23-10-0066-01.

23 Environment Natural resource assets billions of dollars 1,800 Energy¹ 1,500 Minerals² 1,200 Timber 900 600 300 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017p p preliminary 1. Coal, crude bitumen, oil and natural gas. 2. Copper, nickel, diamond, gold, iron, zinc, molybdenum, uranium and potash. Source: Statistics Canada, table 38-10-0006-01.

Emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents in Canada megatonnes 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Note: The emission level for 2030 is Canada’s target emission level under the 2016 Paris Agreement. Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2017.

Production of environmental and clean technology products and services 2009 2013 2017 millions of dollars Total, products and services 76,752 91,003 105,692 Electricity, nuclear 4,240 6,339 5,304 Electricity, renewable sources 24,467 25,047 30,853 Other energy products and primary products 1,423 2,001 2,013 Manufactured products 9,614 11,139 13,131 Waste management services 7,233 9,985 12,729 Other services 29,775 36,492 41,662 Source: Statistics Canada, table 36-10-0366-01.

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Canada at a Glance 2019 Notes Produced by Strategic Communications Data are in current dollars unless and Stakeholder Relations Division. otherwise stated. Data are current to April 10, 2019. Figures may not add to Published by authority of the Minister totals because of rounding. responsible for Statistics Canada. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Note of appreciation Canada as represented by the Minister of Canada owes the success of its statistical Industry, 2019 system to a long-standing partnership All rights reserved. For more information between Statistics Canada, the citizens about copyright, visit https://www.statcan. of Canada, its businesses, governments gc.ca/eng/reference/licence-eng. and other institutions. Accurate and timely statistical information could not Contact us be produced without their continued Email: STATCAN.infostats-infostats. co‑operation and goodwill. [email protected] Catalogue no. 12-581-XPE (print) Statistical Information Service: ISSN 1484-1177 1-800-263-1136 National TTY line: 1-800-363-7629 Catalogue no. 12-581-XIE (PDF) Fax: 1-514-283-9350 ISSN 1701-5766 Catalogue no. 12-581-XWE (HTML) Aussi disponible en français. ISSN 1701-5766 Canada at a glance 2019