The Spiritual Place of "Rab" in the Qur'an Maryam Taherizadeh1

Received: 20/10/2020 Accepted: 24/04/2021

Abstract One of the divine names that has the most use in the Qur'an after the name of God is the word "Lord". The noble name "Lord" is a blessed and majestic name whose popularity with God, His prophets and saints is undeniable. This word is one of the words included in the Qur'an from the root "RBB". This word is used in the Qur'an in addition to the original meaning in another meaning; As in Arabic, it has other meanings in addition to the Qur'anic meaning. In this article, this word and its derivatives in the Holy Quran are examined in order to obtain different meanings and its spiritual place in the verses of the Holy Quran. By examining the verses, we find that this word in most cases means God Almighty, whose meanings according to the relevant verses are creation, revival, immortality, creational guidance, legislative guidance and mercy, and in a few cases it has been used in the meaning of non-God. . The use of this word in the meaning of God brings us to the semantic range of this word, so that all the meanings mentioned in this word are hidden and in each of the verses, according to the context, one of its meanings is emphasized.

Keywords Quran, Lord, semantic range, spiritual status.

1. Instructor, Faculty of Quranic Sciences, Zabol, Iran. [email protected] * Taherizadeh, M. (2020). The Spiritual Place of "Rab" in the Qur'an. Journal of Theology & Islamic Knowledge, 2(4). pp. 130-163. Doi: 10.22081/jikm.2021.59122.1041



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m ˨ q   r ? ¯   È/yL²}L²’­qm,¯?r/UL/½?qm¯?µ´/_³³UL™mKrX­,ULžX~­,Mq µuK³µqLOqm ¶/c¶/OMqµuK³¯?r/§³t/±r‚‘qm¬¾±KnO¶¢²½K×KrOÈ©³-n}n·K´kZhOȚ¾´W ¯?qm¶/¡È/Ll}KZ/½mLgKsKȽL·¶ /±´®±¶/O,V/yKµm´O§´®’­«mr­°¾OqmȽL²’­  m´}È­µqL}K,n±Kµmr¡È¥n±sȱL­sŠž­ ×L/²’­qmMqµuK³¬¾OL/½È ­qmņÈ/ª‘Ur/†g³ŅrP­L/¾S¯L²l/y¶/O¶/_´WL/O .VyKµm´O^½Kq¯L²d®·NgL L·¶/ª`g¯LPgL/×L/·¨ž‘-§L`h©KUL6Oq§´ž‘ VyKµn­?°¾²c¶•ÆP©K^¸±qm





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˨ ˨ŏíĚŃ˨ěù˨Ėĸý˨ĶİńŎ˨ ʶ˨ ʵ

Kq¯?×Kµn‘ VyKµmr¡Kn¾S˜ªXl­«´ª‘qmȱ´¥L±´¥ȱL’­Mq Šž­°½Kqm n6 /gÈ/©K0ÅL/h™0ÅLg>È~©K>L~±K n±Kµmr¡L²’­°¾²cKqV¾OrW³n±K¶X™r¥V¾OrW§mL’­  n/±K¶ Xš¥t/¾± ,,N/•KqV/½L¸±ÈOn6 /gLW×t¾c¯n±Kq³rS³¯n±Kmr¥-«L®X©K  .VyK€ILž±™q³§L®¡V¸_¶O>È}¯mKm›´y×L²’­¶OMq n/½LO V/yK{³n/l­ÈWL/¸_sK,n/±KmÈ ­V/¾OrW§mL’­KqM6 q¶¡µL¥n½m°½K¶XP©K y ¯K´/²‘¶/OKq¯?¶¡ȱLz¡³VyKKnk ,ÈyqL™qmMq ¶®ª¡§mL’­¶¡V}Km¶_´W L §  m ³ « 

È/Or­,È/yqL™qmµn/²²¡V¾OrW§mL/’­¶¡n²}LO¶X}Km¶_´Wn½LO,n±K¶X™r¥µn²²¡V¾OrW } ®

6 L q µ  m

-È/Oq sK¶±VyKNOq sKMq¶¡È©Lgqm-VyKµn}¶X™r¥ÈOq sK¶®ª¡°½K³VyK ³ 6 « ,  S L ½ ¾ t

°¾/²c ©L­³qL¾XkKNgL¶¡q´‰¯L®·-Vz¾±MqȲ’­µn²±LyqȽL¸²W¶ OÈOr­xS  ³ 6  s ­ z X

°¾/²cV/yK°/¢®­¶/cr¥,n²Xz·n±³Knk—L³KsK¶±L¥Kn_ȽL·V šL¸²½K n²Xz· L ¯   

¬¾/ª’W×r/¦½m¶/O¶/¡Ȃl}¶OÆ\­-m´}¶X™r¥qL¡¶O¬·Ll}Kmq´­qmșL³K  0    S ¾ L S

¬·×qL¥n±³Knk«´¸š­,Mq×L²’­qm¶¡V}Km¯L‘oKn½LOÈ©³-n²½´¥ÈOr­,n·mÈ ­ È      È/6Oqµn¾/z©Ÿ´/ª®©K¨/ž½Å V/yKµn/­?Z½n/gqm¶/¡VyKL`²½KsK³VyK¶Xš¸±  ,,È}r ³L/®ª‘ ,],›,Ȋ/yK³V/yK°½mqmjyKq³¬©L‘n²®~±Km×L²’­¶OȱL6Oq ¯L­r™³n²²¡È­¶’_Kr­L¸±?¶OȲ½m¨ILz­¬¸™qm¯Kr¦½m³n±K° ½mqKnyLS,¯Kn²®~±Km

×L·q´X/ym«mr/­V½r\¡K¶¡q´‰¯ L®·-n²·mÈ­qKrm´kȲ½m§L®‘K¶g´©ryKq¯L±? .n²²¡È­V‘L‰KÈX¢ª®­q´­KqmKqµL} -m´/OÈ/²½m¨ILz­¬¸™qm«mr­´_q¨h­׳¶¡Krc-n²Xš¥È­ȱL6OqwLP‘° OK¶O ,«,r/¾[K° /OKº/­6 ÅKµp/·È6±L/6Oq3 UL­ Vš¥°¾²c¶š¾²g´OK,V™qL¾±msKÈX³°½KrOL²O  ,] sK,V/yKµn/}mqK³r/¦½m×L/·¯LOssK¶¡VyK¯?rqm¨¾km¯L¥uK³jª­sKMq sK¶/¡V/yK¶/±KrX½n­›r/}µn®‘¯LOs°¾­³mÈ­Kq?¯LOs ×rP‘³È­Kq?¯LOssK¶ª®_ sKÈ/†’OsKµs³r­K³VyKµn}È ­´¦Xš¥¯LOs°½K¶Omƾ­sK|¾SVzl±µqKt·¨½K³K ³L/·¯LOsµn/±r¾¥rOqmÈ/­Kq? Moscati, 1980, p. 10m´/}È­µmLšX/yK¯?×L/·| ½´¥ ¯K´/WÈ ®±n/±nžX’­È/krO¶/¡×K¶ /±´¥¶ O,V/yKµm´/O×mn/’X­³˜/ªXl­×L/·| ½´¥ ¶/®¾±sKwqL/S×q´/WKrT­KMr/•qmÈ/­Kq?¯L/Os V™r¥rŽ±qm¯?×KrOqL¾’­È~½´¥  ³Rubin, 2010, pp. 18-19µm´/OÈ®/yq¯L/Os¯r/¶ym³ngqmmƾ­sK|¾S¬~}µny rOqmKq¯Kr½KMr•³r‚­LW°¾Šzª™³ȱ´²¡¶½q´y§L®}sK¶¡¶X}Km×KµrXz¥¯L²c wn/ž­ML/X¡sKȽL/·| lO³×m´/¸½wn/ž­¯´X­Ȇ’O{qL¦±qm³VyK¶X™r¥È ­ _ L ½

¦ L·« ´¥rWVOLX¡qm°¾²d®·³ §L¾±KmMLX¡³Kqt‘MLX¡¯´d®· ¯L¾h¾z­ L µ  ­ ’ ² ´ ¶/O Huehnergard, 1995, p. 2124V/yKµm´OµmLšXyKmq´­×m´¸½wnž­¯´X­È­Kq?×L·¶ ®_rW ×  q M

 ³È/Or•¶kL/}³m¶/O¶/‘´®`­°½K,È­Kq?×L·¯ LOsȽL¾™Kr–_¶žŠ²­È¥mrXz¥V¸_  m q   r ? L/½L/·¯ LOs,×mƾ/­«³m¯r/L/Wmƾ/­sK|¾/S«´/yµn/ysK V/yKµn}¬¾zžWȝr} ¯   ³È/ŠP±¯K´/WÈ­¶/ª®_¯?sK¶/¡n±Kµn/}N’/~²­È/­Kq?¯L/OssKȚªXl­×L·| ½´¥ mr/O«L±Kq ȝr}È­Kq?sKN’~²­ ȱL½ry³ ÈOr•È­Kq?sKN’~²­ ×r¾®©LS  Moscati, 1980, pp. 10-12

Jastrow, vol -Dalman, 1901, pp. 377-378, 426m´_´­È­Kq?×L·¤²·r™°½rWrPX’­qm

r/Ž±¶ O¶¡n±Kµn}V™L½ȽL·µuK³Baumgartner, 1958, p. 389-2, pp. 1438-1444, 1694-1695  n/±qKmÈ/Or‘¯L/Osqm´/Oq L½NOq ×L·¶ ~½qL½M6 q µuK³LOÈ¢½mt±n±´¾S,nyqÈ ­  n²½?È­r½s§³n_qm¶X}L¦±K³?Uq´¶OL·µuK³°½KsKȆ’O





 ˨ ˨ʭŒĸŎ ˨ ˨äĿĚħ˨ŔŊŘńŎ ˨ ˨˫Ùùŗ ˨ ˨ľŰĕę ˨ʯĕʭĄğù˨ʯęʭáěŘŎí˨ʯŁŘĿʭŎ˨ Ėģęù˨ʯĞŞŰę˨ʯĚþŕę˨ʯęŗĚğ˨ʯßęĜý ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʴ ˨˨ĕʭŰě˨ʯŏùŗùĚĿ Rab59 ˨˨äŋýʭý˨ʹʳōŞ÷ùęŘŎù˨üńŊ ˑ ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʵ ˨˨ŐŎ˨ĕʭĄğù˨ ęʭáěŘŎí˨ʯŐŎ˨ęŗĚğ˨ʲäŋħù˨ãʭŒĸŎ Rab ˨˨ʹʴ˨ōŞ÷ʭŒă˨ˬÚŰŗ˨Ŕý˨ʯäŒŰĕ˨ŏùĖŒ˙Ĥőùĕ˨ŗ˨ʭ˙ŋķ˨üńŊ ˨˨Ăŀħ î ˨˨ʶ ˨˨äŒŞİĠŋĿ˨ōŞ÷ùęŘŎù˨ŗ Rabb

˨˨ʭŎ˨ĕˑ ʭĄğù˨ ęʭáěŘŎí ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʷ rabbi(/î)nu ˨˨ņäğŘŎ˨ãùĚý˨äĄŀħ  ˨˨ĕʭĄğù˨ ęʭáěŘŎí˨ʯĞŞŰę˨ʯęŗĚğ ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʸ Rabbân ˨ĝęùĖŎ˨ãʭğñę˨ěù˨ãęʭŞĠý˨üńŊ˨ʯäŒŰĕ˨ŏùĖŒ˙Ĥőùĕ˨ãùĚý˨äþńŊ ˨˨Ăŀħ â ˨˨ʹ  ˨˨ʹʵ˨˛ŋŞŕ˨ěù˨ĞÏ˨ŐŞİĠŋĿ˨äŒŰĕ Rabb n ˑ  ˨ʯŏĕùĕġ˨ ęŗĚÏ˨ʯŏĕĚÝß˨ ęĜý˨ʯŏĖģß˨ ęĜý˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕŘýß˨ ęĜý ˨˨˛ĸĿ â ˨˨ʺ ˨˨ŏĖģĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʯŏĕĚÝĖ˨ ŞŊŘăʯŏĕĚÝĖģę Rib y L §  ˨ŏĕŗĖőù˨ʯŏĕĚÝō˨ ÝùĚĄŎ˨ʯŏĕŘýĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʯŏĕĚÝĖ˨ ģę˨ʯŏĕŘýß˨ ęĜý m ³ « ˨˨˛ĸĿ ˨˨ʻ 

Rabab }  ® ˨˨˔ŌĚ×˨Ŕý˨ĚŞŃ˨ŏĖŞŊʭŎ˨ˬÚŰŗŔ˨ ý˕ L q µ  m ³ « ,

˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕŘýĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʯŏĕĚýť˨ ʭý˨ʯŏĕĚÝß˨ ęĜý˨ʯŏĖģß˨ ęĜý˨ʯŏĕĚÝĖ˨ ģę  S L ½

˨˨˛ĸĿ ˨˨ʼ ¾ t Rabah  ³ ˨˨ŏĖģĕ˨ ʭŰě   s ­ z X L ¯

˨˨ĕʭĄğù˨ ęʭáěŘŎí˨ʯĖģęù˨ʯßęĜý˨ʯĂŀħ ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʴʳ  Rabah       

˨˨ęŗĚğ˨ʯęʭŞĄēùü˨ ďʭħ˨ ęʭáĖőŗùĖē ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʴʴ S

î û ¾ L R b n63 S È   

˨˨ĕʭŰě˨ʯŏùęùĜŕ˨ʯęʭ˙ģä˨ ý 

˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʴʵ  Ribbah64 ˨˨ˬŘþőù˨ʯęʭ˙ģä˨ ý ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʴʶ Rîbû65 ˨˨˔ʴʳ ʳʳʳ˕˨ęùĜŕˬ˨ĕ ˨˨ĕĖķ ˨˨ʴʷ Rîbû

˨ ˨ʭŒĸŎ ˨ ˨äĿĚħ˨ŔŊŘńŎ ˨ ˨˫Ùùŗ ˨ ˨ľŰĕę ˨˨ŔċŘă˛˨ ýʭŃ˨ʯßęĜý ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʴʸ Ribû ˨˨üĨŒŎ˨ŗ˨ŌʭńŎ˨ʯäáęĜý˨ʯʼnŦċ˨ŗ˨ˬŘÞģ ˨˨ōğù ˨˨ʴʹ ribû (tâ)66 ˨˨ãęùŘēʭýę˨ʯĩĚŃ˨ˬĚŖý˨ʯˬĚŖý˨ʯĕŘğ ˨˨ōğù ˨˨ʴʺ Rîbît ˨˨ŏĖőʭğęĚ˨ ˙ćŔ˨ ý˨ʯġěŘŎí˨ʯŏĕĚÝĂ˨ ŞýĚă˨ ˨ġęŗĚÏ˨ʯŏĕĚÝŌ˨ ùę ˨˨ōğù ˨˨ʴʻ Taribbût67 ˨˨ˬĚŖý˨ʯĂĸŀŒŎ˨ʯĕŘğ˨ʯĢŰùĜĿù ˨˨ ˨˨ʴʼ Taribbît68 ˨˨ŏĕĚÝä˨ ŊʭŎŐ˨ Ļŗę ˨˨˛ĸĿ ˨˨ʵʳ Ribû ˨˨ĚŞŃ˨ʯäýĚ×˨ŔÞŊ˨ʯäýĚ×˨ʯŐĻŗę˨ʯûĚ×˨ʭŰ˨ÛʭŒþĠ×˨ʯIJŞŋĻ˨ŌĚċ ˨˨ōğù ˨˨ʵʴ ra(/i)bab

˨ ˨˨ˇãĚþķˈ˨ŏʭýě˨ęĕ˨ûę˨˫Ùùŗ˨ ʷ ʵ  ˨

µn/yr/kK³KsK¶/¡V/yKȱL/’²¡¯L/Os¶/O¯L/Os°½rW  ½mt±³°½rW¶ XkL²}×rP‘ {qL/¦±qm³µn/}È ­´¦Xš¥¯LOs°½K¶Omƾ­sK|¾S¬¢½L½«³m×L·µnyLW¬·msK³m _ L ½

¦ ¬`²/S¯r/L/W¯?sKx/S V/yKµn/}µmLšX/yK¯?sK¯L/½m´¸½wn/ž­MLX¡j3²3W L µ  ­ ’ ² ´ UL//O´X¢­qm¶//ª®_sK È//²½m¯´//X­È//†’Oqm¯?M´//X¢­Uq´//L//¸²W,×mƾ//­ ×  q M

 °¾Š/zª™qm/K³L/h½qKM´/²_qmµmr/­×L/½qm¨gL/yqm¯Kr/®4sKµn/}˜ /~¡  m q   r

? {Kqn/­³È·Lš/}UKq´/WsK|½Kr½³°¾Xzl±L²~¾­{qL¦±qm°¾²d®·³È©L–}K ¯   qmt/¾±LS³qKL½ ½mt±q³Lk¯L¥n²z½´±ÈkrO VyK¶X}KmmrOqL¡ UKq´Wr¾zšW È/OmK×L·¶X/}´±È/†’Oqm¯LOs°½KsK×mƾ­¬·mt±LSLW¬`²S×L·µnyȊy³¯³r ¯K´/²‘¶ O×rP‘¶XP©K-Huehnergard, 1995, p. 2123-Moscati, 1980, p. 10n±Kµmr¡È­µmLšXyK qL/¡¶/O¯Kq³m°/½K«L/®WqmUL/_L²­³|½L/¾±³UKmL/P‘«L`±K×KrO³Ȳ½m¯´X­¯LOs r/O×r/P‘¯L/Os×L/¾gKqmȒ/yr¾kKµnyqm¯L½m´¸½ÈkrOVyKȲXš¥ VyK¶X™qÈ ­ ´/¦Xš¥L/¾±mœ‰L/²­È/†’Oqm¯´/²¡K¬·,n/½n_×rP‘¯LOs°½K¶¡n±K¶ X}Kmj²WwLyK

 Rubin, 2010, pp. 16-17m´}È ­





Koehler, pp. 867-870, -Gesenius, pp. 912-916m´/_´­×r/P‘r/PX’­×L/·¤²·r™qm

L/OÈ/¢½mt±n±´¾SnyqÈ ­rŽ±¶ O¶¡n±Kµn}V™L½ȽL·µuK³Klein, pp. 601-602, 716-1040 L/·µuK³°/½KsKÈ/†’O n/±qKmÈ/Or‘¯L/Osqm´/Oq L/½N/Oq ×L·¶ /~½qL/½M6 q µuK³ n²½?È­r½s§³n_qm¶X}L¦±K³?Uq´¶ O  ˨ ˨ʭŒĸŎ ˨ ˨äĿĚħ˨ŔŊŘńŎ ˨ ˨˫Ùùŗ ˨ ˨ľŰĕę ˨ŏĕŘýľ˨ ķʭĬŎ˨ʯŏĖģĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕŘýĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʯŏĖģß˨ ęĜý˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕŘýß˨ ęĜý ˨˨˛ĸĿ Rabab 45 ˨˨ʴ ˨˨ŏĖģľ˨ ķʭĬŎ˨ʭŰ ˨ʯˬĖőʭŎĚĿ˨ʯĞŞŰę˨ʯęŗˎĚğ˨ʯęʭŞĄēùü˨ ďʭħ ęʭáĖőŗùĖē˨ʯĖŒŋý˨ʯßęĜý ˨ʯŏùŗùĚĿ˨ʯĕʭŰě˨ʯĕʭĄğù˨ʯęʭáěŘŎí˨ʯōŖŎ˨ʯĚĔĄŀŎ˨ʯęĖĄńŎ˨ʯùĖēʭő Ăŀħ Rab ˨˨ʵ ˨˨ľķʭĬŎ ˨˨ĕʭĄğù˨ʯęʭáěŘŎí˨ʯŐŎ˨ęŗĚğ˨ʲäŋħù˨ãʭŒĸŎ  ˑ ˨˨Ăŀħ rabbî ˨˨ʶ ˨˨ãĕŘŖŰ˨äŒŰĕ˨ŏùĖŒ˙Ĥőùĕ˨äŎŘ˙ķ˨üńŊ  ˨˨äŕʭģĕʭÏ˨ʯŏĕŘý˨ęʭŞĄēùü˨ ďʭħ ˨˨ōğù Ribubûh ˨˨ʷ y

˨˨äáęĜý˨ʯ˔ ŗ˨ĕùĖĸă˨ʯˬěùĖőù˕˨ŏĕŘýĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʯęŘĿŗ˨ʯäőùŗùĚĿ ˨˨ōğù rub ˨˨ʸ L §  m ³ « 

˨˨äőùŗùĚĿ ˨˨ōğù ribbah ˨˨ʹ } ® L q µ  m

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˨ ĂĸŀŒŎ ˬĚŖý˨ʯŏĕĚÝĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʯŏĕŗĜĿù˨ʯŏĖģĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕŘýĕ˨ ʭŰě   S ¾ L S È ˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕĚÝß˨ ęĜý˨ʯŏĖģß˨ ęĜý˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕŘýß˨ ęĜý˨ʯāŗĚć˨ĕʭČŰù˨ʯŏĕĚýĕ˨ Řğ ˨˨˛ĸĿ Rabah46 ˨˨ʴʳ      ˨˨˔ĖőěĚĿ˕˨ŏĕùĕġ˨ ęŗĚÏ ˨˨˔ŏĕĚ˨Ýß˨ ęĜý˨ ĂŞýĚă˕˨ġęŗĚÏ˨ʯĢŰùĜĿù ˨˨ōğù Taribût ˨˨ʴʴ ˨˨ʭýę˨ʯˬĚŖý˨ʯĕŘğ˨ʯĢŰùĜĿù ˨˨ōğù Taribît47 ˨˨ʴʵ

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m  q   r ? ¯