* MA student at International Institute for , studies, Islamic for Institute International at student MA and discussbodily resurrection. A cursoryglance at on theDayofJudgment,Christians merely recognize in theDayofJudgment. When addressingresurrection the resurrection of JesusChrist as well as resurrection of thedeceased’. InChristianity, resurrection refersto and al-raj‘ah, which isanIslamic term for ‘the return on the reality as well as the quality of resurrection the DayofJudgmentIintendtoconduct an investigation scholars. Duetoitskeyroleinprovingresurrection on has drawnthe attention of both philosophers and religious nature. In the history of human beings bodily resurrection pertaining to thepossibility their resurrectionandits the deceased and raised many ideas and theories unveil themysteryofSecondComing(al-raj‘ah) far,So manyscholarsandPhilosophershavetriedto Introduction Compilation: 2011 Compilation: By MohammadPakdin AL-RAJ‘AH

* Date of of Date

Al-Raj‘ah 1 Al-Raj‘ah 2 Al-raj‘ah, thesecond return,thereturnofdeceased, Keywords • Examplesofresurrection inhistory • Arguments for and againstal-raj‘ah • Proofsforal-raj‘ahinscriptures • Resurrectionbeingamiracle • Natureofal-raj‘ah • Possibilityofal-raj‘ah • Definitionofal-raj’ah paper, weshallhavecoveredthefollowingtopics: to enjoy the blessings of spirituality. By the end of this is incumbent upon everyone to pave the way for others steps torevivetheinfluence of religionandtruthasit expository approach.Ihopeweareabletotakeafew Philosophy. This study takes an argumentative and of resurrection according tobothIslamic and western accumulating scattered elements of thephenomenon world, Ihave decided to concentrate on this topic by is aformofbodilyresurrection that takes place in this as onethefocalpointinShiitebeliefs.Sinceal-raj’ah of resurrection of the infallible Imams and consider it idea the hold strongly Scholars Shiite “Al-raj’ah”. as to individuals priortotheDayofJudgment,whichreferred as Christ andafewother the resurrectionofImams,Jesus well as “ma‘ād”, as known also Judgment, of Day Islamic terminology, entailsboththeresurrectionof principle within the Islamic doctrine. Resurrection, in Islamic thatresurrectionisanessential resources shows invaluable lessons. Dr. LegenhausenandIhopethis volumeisworthofhis I wouldlike todedicate this paper to mygreat teacher,

Al-Raj‘ah 3 Al-Raj‘ah 4 order. Therefore, whenImamMahdi (p.b.u.h.)rises, a took government. Hence, be patient and waitforyour God’s Exalted, and Blessed compact concerning the alliestobepatientinfalse the Allah, “Indeed and quotationsfromgreatShiitescholars. brevity, wemay simply mention a few selected traditions consider it to be an essential principle. For the sake of importance to ittheextentwhereShiite scholars reported on the topic of al-raj‘ah, allocating great (tawātur) successively been have traditions Numerous Traditional Proofsof Al-raj‘ah: Al-raj‘ah, Factor Fiction group ofdeceasedpeople. reappearance), which entails the return of aparticular major occultation of Mahdi (mayGodhastenhis with Shiite teachings, al-raj‘ah will take place after the in al-raj‘ah’ among its essential principles. In accordance broadens thedefinition of al-raj‘ah and positions‘belief al-raj‘ah throughout history, theShiiteschoolofthought specific reasons. Besides approving the occurrences of possibility of resurrection in this world and for its in the past, vastly regardless and negligent of the natural consider al-raj‘ah among theverymiracles taken place Christianity, JudaismaswelltheSunnisectofIslam, away”. passed having after world this to man of return The commonlyaddressedmeaningof‘al-raj‘ah’ isthe The Meaningof Al-Raj’ah: ربک، لحکم فالصبر الباطل، دولة الصبرفی علی اولیائنا میثاق اخذ وتعالی تبارک اهلل ان - ان اهلل تبارک وتعالی اخذ میثاق اولیائنا علی الصبرفی دولة الباطل، فالصبر لحکم ربک، وصدق الرحمن وعد ما هذا مرقدنا بعثنامن من یاویلنا » : لقالوا الخلق سید قام قد فلو قد قام سید الخلق لقالوا : » یاویلنا من بعثنامن مرقدنا هذا ما وعد الرحمن وصدق of al-raj‘ahissupportedbymanyfrequently narrated Some great Shiite scholars affirmed that the authenticity (Man Lā Yahḍuruh al-Faqīh: Vol. 3,p:458) “He who does not believe in our return is not one of us.” Also, ImamSadeq(a)assertsthat: “Those aretheinfallibleImams(a).” he replied: 24:55), are thetransgressors”(Qur’an, Me. And whoever is ungrateful after that it is they who while they worship Me, not ascribing any partners to will surely change their state to security after their fear, religion which Hehasapprovedforthem, and that He successors, andHewillsurelyestablishforthemtheir in theearth,justasHemadethosewhowerebeforethem righteous deedsthatHewillsurelymakethemsuccessors have faithanddo “Allah haspromisedthoseofyouwho the addresseesoffollowingverse: read, whenImamJa‘farSadeq(a)wasaskedregarding In an authentic report narrated by Abdullah Ibn Sanān, we apostles had spoken the truth.” This iswhatthe All-Beneficent had promised,andthe sleep”. of place our from us raised “Who say: shall they ) 458 :ص 3 الفقیه:ج الیحضره )من الیحضره الفقیه:ج ) 247 ) 193 1 ،ص (Al-Kafi: Vol. 8,p:247) " ،ص 8 بکرتنا یؤمن لم من منا لیس - لیس منا من لم یؤمن بکرتنا )الکافی،ج المرسلون« )الکافی،ج 1 2 )کلینی،ج األئمّه« »هُمُ - »هُمُ األئمّه« )کلینی،ج (Al-Kāfī,940) 1 2 3 3

Al-Raj‘ah 5 6 من جماعه مع فرجه تعالی اهلل عجل المهدی زمان فی المعصومون ائمتنا و نبینا یرجع » - » یرجع نبینا و ائمتنا المعصومون فی زمان المهدی عجل اهلل تعالی فرجه مع جماعه من

Al-Raj‘ah )رساله الروایات« من المتواترات قطعت وبه وحقهم الظهاردولتهم والالحقه السابقه االمم السابقه والالحقه الظهاردولتهم وحقهم وبه قطعت المتواترات من الروایات« )رساله h get coa ‘lāa Mhma Ḥussayn Muhammad ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī says in his magnificent exegesis of scholar Al-Mīzān, great The Imāmīyyah, 1342) al- (Al-‘Aqā’id recorded. been have narrators of chains numerous traditions with consecutive and various essential principlesofShiismandthat,in thisrespect, the of one as al-raj‘ah upon remarks Muẓaffar Allāmah which hold consecutive and various chains of narrators.” rights. This isafactconfirmed by numeroustraditions, nations to represent their governments and obtain their accompanied by a group ofpeople from former and later time of Imam Mahdi (may Allah hasten his reappearance) “Our Prophetandourinfallible Imams shallreturnatthe out, points al-Ja‘fariyyah, Al-‘Aqā’id Risālah Ṭūsī, Shaykh no otherprinciple or pillar does. Inhisvaluable book, narrated successively and attains an amount of authenticity that been Ḥurr has Shaykh al-raj‘ah that al-raj‘ah, maintains of Al-‘Āmulī event the to reference in scholars. Inaddition to narrating numerous traditions belief bybringingtolightafewstatements from these denial of abasicShiaprinciple. I willfurtherexplain this , whichtherefore makesthe denial of al-raj‘ah the ) 250 الجعفریه.ص العقائد الجعفریه.ص 4 4 بالرجعة القولُ عُدّ حتی السالم علیهم البیت اهل أئمة عن معنیً متواترةٌ الروایات ان - ان الروایات متواترةٌ معنیً عن أئمة اهل البیت علیهم السالم حتی عُدّ القولُ بالرجعة بقبول یُبطَل ُال والتواتر الصدراألول، لدن من أئمتهم و الشیعه مختصات من عندالمخالفین من مختصات الشیعه و أئمتهم من لدن الصدراألول، والتواتر ُال یُبطَل بقبول والروایات فیها النازلة االیات من عدة أن علی والمناقشه، للخدشه الروایات آحاد لویت لده اماش، ل أ عة ن ایت لال فه ولویت The focus ofShia’s argument is on the term ‘Day’ check.” (27:83) of thosewhodeniedOursigns,andtheyshall beheldin “The day We shallresurrect from everynation agroup verse isasfollows: which Shia’s arguments for al-raj‘ah are based. The that this ayahisoneofthemostcelebrated proofs on confirms ’Ālūsī al-Ma‘ānī, Rūḥ in as Hence, al-raj‘ah. interpret it, might stand as the most explicit proof of ayah 83ofchapter27,whichhashadmanytraditions of al-raj‘ahandascertain thebeliefinit. Among them, event the verify Qur’an Holy the in verses of group A Proofs of Al-raj‘ah intheHolyQuran and perfectinindication.” verses andhadiths,inthisrespect,arecompletely reliable single reportsareopentodoubtandquestionforsome traditions cannot beinvalidated under thepretext that and theirImams. The successive transmissionofthese been consideredasadistinctive characteristic ofShiism unanimous content,espousingthenotionofal-raj‘ahhas the levelofsuccessivenarration in termsofmeaningand “The hadithsofImamsregardingal-raj‘ah, have reached ) 107 ص 2 لالعتماد.)ج قابلة الدالله، تامة فیها الوارده فیها تامة الدالله، قابلة لالعتماد.)ج 5 5

Al-Raj‘ah 7 Al-Raj‘ah 8 6 - - concealing We said,” Strike him with a piece of it:” thus about itand Allah wastoexposewhatever you were “And whenyoukilled a soul,andaccusedoneanother Moses (p.b.u.h.)andtheMurdered: (p.b.u.t.). were some prophets such as Jesusand Moses and Uzair past will have a second coming to this world along with which imply that a groupofdeceased individuals in the Generally speaking of al-raj‘ah, we can find some ayahs also lendssupporttotheviewofal-raj‘ah.(Al-Mīzān) evidence for al-raj‘ah. Moreover, the sequence ofayahs, and pointsoutthat this ayahisreliable and convincing arguments for andagainst this interpretation of the ayah mentioned argument, ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī reviews other same argument for al-raj‘ah. In addition to the above- the support Al-Masā’ilal-Sarwiyyah in Mufīd Shaykh and al-Bayān Majma‘ in Ṭabarsī as well as al-Tibyān book, renowned his in Ṭūsī Shaykh al-raj‘ah. of event the context of thisverseconformspreciselytothe and Judgment of Day the be cannot “Day” mentioned from every nation will be resurrected. Therefore, the ayah clearly indicates that merely a groupofpeople resurrected while the context of the above-mentioned chapter 47, all people, with no exception, shall be the Day of Judgment, as according to ayah 18 of mentioned in theayah,whichevidently cannot be Most often identified with the Judeo the with identified often Most 6 Someoftheseversesareasfollows: - Christian Ezra Christian

Allah haspowerover allthings.”(2:259) that know I said,” he him, to evident became it When flesh!” how with Wethem clothe then and them arrange may make you asignformankind. And lookat the bones, rotted! Then lookatyourass!(Thiswasdone)that We years. Nowlookatyourfoodanddrinkwhich havenot hundred a remained have you Rather said,” He day.” a of part or day a remained have I he,” Said remained?” you have long How said,” He him. resurrected He then years, hundred a for die him So made death?!” Allah its after this revive Allah will How said,” He trellises. its “Or himwhocameuponatownshipasitlayfallenon Uzair (p.b.u.h.): you, shouldyoubefaithful.”(3:49) stored inyourhouses. There isindeedasigninthatfor will tell you what you have eaten and what you have the leperandIrevivedeadby Allah’s leave. And I become abirdby Allah’s leave. And Ihealtheblindand the form ofabird,thenIwill breathe into it, and it will sign fromyourLord:Iwillcreate for yououtofclay (and hewilldeclare,) “I havecertainly brought youa “And (hewill be) anapostletotheChildren ofIsrael, Jesus (p.b.u.h.): so thatyoumayapplyreason.”(2:72,73) does you Hissigns Allah revivethedead,andHeshows

Al-Raj‘ah 9 10 Al-Raj‘ah 3) Immortality of thesoul:Socrates and Platobelieved identify thebeautyitself thatisinvisible. a beautiful painting that isvisibleto usandwecan intelligible world offorms.Forexample, we can identify distinct levels of reality exist, the visible world and the 2) The problemofuniversals: According toPlato,two and form. is made up oftwo principal elements, which are matter object physical Every Plato: by forms of theory The 1) first sightbutinfactconsistofunderlyingconnections; history. These theories seem unrelated with each other at dramatically influenced the course ofphilosophical philosophy itcouldbesuggestedthat just afewtheories recorded history. By reviewing the history of Western of metaphysical controversies even before thedawnof life as well, the issue ofDeath and life was onthe top philosophical verdict ondeathentailsajudgment are engravedintheheartof Western philosophy. a As lines dramatic These expressed bySocratesattheendofPlato’s Apology, 88). p. 1930, (Edman knows” ways Itodie,andyoulive. Which is better God only “The hour of departure has arrived, and we go our own shaping theideaof‘resurrection’. the followingideasexertedconsiderable influence on ideas heldbyancient Western philosophers.Infact, would liketoreviewsomeprominentphilosophical Before getting engagedinthemaindiscussion,Iinitially Resurrection in Ancient Western Philosophy (1 Corinthians15:12) that we likewise shall rise again. Hence it is written is ourhead, riseagain,wehope seeing Christ,who Thirdly, fortheraisingofour hope,sincethrough according to2Cor. 13:4 in Christ’s Godhead is confirmed by His rising again, Secondly, forourinstructionin faith,sinceourbelief for God’s sake,accordingtoLk.1:52 which it belongs toexalt them who humble themselves “First of all, for the commendation of Divine Justice, to resurrection. of Resurrection. He raisedsomearguments toprove Thomas Aquinas gavehisstrong supporttotheidea “Death isanunconscioussleeptillresurrection”. John Wyclif didbelieve inresurrectionandmaintained: (DunsScotus, Op.ox.,IV, 43,q.ii) are onlyprobable,andtobeaccepted onfaith. resurrection can bedemonstrated with certainty; they According to DunsScotus,neither immortality nor argument thateverythingcomestobefromitsopposite. resurrection of the soul. He supported his idea with the 4) Resurrection:Platoprovesthepossibilityof De Trinitate)Boetium that itcanneverbedestroyed.(Aquinas, Thomas, Super Thomas Aquinas provedthatthesoulisincorporealand Aristotle proves the immortality of active intellect. as theessenceofaperson.Inhisbook,‘OnSoul’, in theimmortality of thesoulandconsidered

11 Al-Raj‘ah 12 Al-Raj‘ah the Meditations, was“In which the existence of God Further, the original subtitle to Descartes’s major work, afterlife. of modern philosophy, provides support forbelief in an father the (1596–1650), Descartes René Frenchman The bodily resurrection. body andsoul.Christ’s ownresurrectionis,afterall,a restored through a physical resurrection that reunites the a particular body, at death this natural unity will be is, a bodily resurrection. Since the soul is united with some supportfortheChristian notion ofanafterlife that from themortalbodyatdeath, Aquinas elicits fromit makes ithardertodisentangleadistinctlyimmortal soul but isnaturally allied with it. Although thisconception dualism. For Aristotle, thesoul isnottrappedinabody powerful Christianity of itsclear-cut denial of the mind-body the with terms Aristotelian system andtheconsequencesfor to come to (1225–1274) It tookthetoweringintellect of Thomas Aquinas Theologica, III,Q.53, Art. 1,p/5) (Summa ” 4:25 Rm. to according things; good towards was Heglorified in risingagain in ordertoadvance us things in dying that He might deliver us fromevil, so because, justasforthisreasondidHeendureevil Fifthly, inordertocomplete the work ofoursalvation: to Rm. Fourthly, tosetinorderthelivesoffaithful: according perfection (acquired by changing his potentialities into actualities. Hence, forinstance, if aperson achieveshis movement, proceeds to change its potentialities to entity consists ofpotentials and, bymeans of substantial is utterly impossible.Inotherwords,everymaterial returning from actuality to factuality, i.e. potentiality However, thereisarational proposition sayingthat about al-raj‘ahanditsconditions. took placebetweenphilosophersinorderto findthetruth possibility ofal-raj‘ah into question.Infact,thisdebate This pointmayevokeanintense debate bringing the existence does notresult in animpossible proposition. and of itself. Inother words, a possible thingiswhose essential contingence of that particular phenomenon in al-raj‘ah aswellthatofothersubjectsliesinthe of al-raj‘ah we shouldknowthat the possibility of When wespeakaboutthepossibilityofoccurrence The PossibilityoftheOccurrence of Al-raj‘ah: following pages. new bodyafterdeath.Iwillreflect on thisissueinthe a in life to back coming of idea The Reincarnation: 5) way dependentonthebodyforitsexistence. two substances,mindandbody, suchthat mind isinno the soul by suggesting a radical difference between the demonstrated.” are Soul Descartes providesanargument fortheimmortality of the of Immortality the and

13 Al-Raj‘ah 14 Al-Raj‘ah retrograde motion. In orderto illuminate the point, we and not all those that return to this world implicate the not allpeoplewhom dieachieve complete perfection some particular circumstances. It isusefulto know that deceased peopletothisworld,whichis possible under to al-raj‘ah. However, al-raj‘ah means thereturnof proposition, whichtheymentioned,doesnot correspond beyond doubtbuttheproblemliesin factthatthe truth. The validity of the rational proposition is absolutely rational proposition butnothingcanbefurtherfromthe He pointsoutthat they accuse Shi‘a ofnotfollowingthe answer pertaining to theabovesaidrational proposition. quotes the same question and gives a very precious exceeded many scholarsinphilosophyandexegesis, Ṭabāṭabā’ī, who Ḥussayn Mohammad scholar great The proposition. Shia quickenedonthepretextofrespectingrational in the name of rationality and their accusation against motion. In fact, some have rejected the event of al-raj‘ah while therationalpropositionfirmlyrejectsretrograde al-raj‘ah, which isareturntotheformerpotentialities of occurrence the justify we can How is: which Qur’an, minds ofmanyphilosophersandinterpreters of thenoble Now, Iwouldliketoraiseaquestionthatoccupiedthe therefore that personcannot return tohisinitial state. proposition, theretrogrademotionisutterly impossible, In accordance withwhatwementioned as arational actualities) it leaves his bodyforanimmaterial state. reincarnation are twodifferent words thathavepartially in al-raj‘ah, disregarding thefactthatal-raj‘ah and Shi‘ism of believing in reincarnation through their belief Since long ago, many Sunni scholars have accused Al-raj‘ah or Reincarnation motion. matter and proceeding withthe incomplete substantial former state but rather achieving a new opportunity, new 4) Obtaining new matter isnotakindofreturn to the new matterandpotentiality. soul (which is pure actuality) to obtain a new bodywith circumstances in thefuturethat pave thegroundsfor of hispotentialities. However, intheendtherearecertain the bodybeforehavingsufficient time to actualize all the ability of bearing his soul;therefore, his soulleaves someone dies,forinstance,byanaccident, his bodylacks manner (as opposedtoasuddendeath). In fact, when and thishappensifonlyonediesinanormal 3) Perfection requires theutilization of allpotentialities perfection. into actualities andconsideredamovement towards entity, whichisthe processofchanging potentialities 2) There isasubstantial movement in everycorporeal while itsformispureactuality. matter andform.Matteristhesourceofpotentiality namely respects, two of is material external Every 1) should mentionafewpoints,whichareasfollows: 15 Al-Raj‘ah 16 Al-Raj‘ah each element lives bythedeath of theother. The processes and eachcreature in it are in aconstant state of flux,and the universebyfire. In hiscosmology, thewholeworld universe, forhebelieved intheperiodic consumption of contemporaries. For himdeathisabasicfeature ofthe “Heraclitus spoke ofdeath more often than his connecting theGodwithin”. authority and towardamorepersonalfaithbasedon Clare remarks, “It’s a shift away from traditional Church Moreover,Elizabeth west. the in religion Post-Christian can markatrendtowardwhatsomescholarsarecalling a information has a lot to say to those who are concerned and in resurrectionisfacingagradualdowntrend. This increasing and on the other hand, the number of believers number of believers in reincarnation among Christians is Church rejected fifteen hundredyearsago.Besides,the as Christians, yettheypersistinabelief,whichthe believe Canadians in reincarnation.Manyofthemconsiderthemselves and millions Europeans that and Americans says of Clare Elizabeth Christianity”, in In her famous book,“Reincarnation, the missing link continues, mostoften,forever. body and proceeds with the second body and this process and dies, his spirit leaves his bodyand acquires a new happens whensomeonereachesanextent of perfection of reincarnation. The idea of reincarnation implies that it all, we shouldtake a lookat the meaning and the range overlapping meanings. Foranaccurate analysis, firstof is absolutelyimpossible andifthisbodydoesnothave these twospiritswould betheunityofplurality which while ithasanotherspirit atthesametime,unionof In otherwords,ifthesecondbodyachieves this spirit potentiality into actuality while both are impossible. either the unityofplurality or theconversionof acquires a second body, we have no way but to admit propositions, meaning that, if weassumethat a spirit Reincarnation implicates some utterlyimpossible the factswillspeakforthemselves. Undoubtedly, If werefertowhatpointedoutintheformerchapter, India.” not theCelts, Thracians, andmostprobablynot Egypt, not religion, Orphic the not Pherecydes, teacher reincarnation ideas wascertainly Pythagoras, nothis Dr. Hans Tendam claims, “The sourceofGreek and Dying.2001) with the state of divine origin.”(Encyclopedia and Death achieving a spiritual purity leading to anultimate reunion of physical forms (humanandanimal) with thegoal of involve aprocessandprogressthroughmanyseries or transmigrationofthesoul;inhisview, lifeanddeath mathematician, elaborated a doctrineofreincarnation the divinesparkitself.Pythagoras,philosopherand perish at death; virtuous souls,hebelieved, may rejoin Heraclitus was among the first to suggest that not all souls argues that without them the cosmos woulddisintegrate. of lifeanddeathareanecessaryfeaturetheworld;he 17 Al-Raj‘ah 18 Al-Raj‘ah • Al-raj‘ah of the holy prophet of Islam and his ‘Purified classes. They areasfollows: will be resurrected, which may be categorized inthree the namesanddescriptionsofpure believers who infidels. Many traditions have been narrated entailing be resurrected, namely pure believers and the extreme reappearance) and twodifferent groupsofpeoplewill reappearance of Imam Mahdi (mayGodhastenhis Shiites believe that al-raj‘ah shall take place after the The Nature of Al-raj‘ah al-raj‘ah andreincarnation. some horizonsandlift the veil on thecontrast between discussion, Ihopethatthisargument hashelpedbroaden into actualities orreincarnation. At theconclusionofthis denial ofthehereafter, theconversionofpotentialities distortion of facts. Hence, al-raj‘ah does not lead to the in distinguishingbetweenthemhascausedagross and al-raj‘ah andunfortunately, lackofprecision fact, there is aworldofdeference between reincarnation considered as thedenial of thehereafter. Inpointof both Shi‘a and Sunni teachings and believing in it is impossible). However, Reincarnation is rejected in returning totheformerstateofpotentiality is definitely source ofitspotentiality and,aswementioned before, its perfection, it leaves the material body whichwasthe into actuality (owing tothefactthatasaspiritachieves any spiritsitwouldbetheconversionofpotentiality ، 53 ج بحاراالنوار، ) سیرجعان. السالم( )علیه علیا و وآله( علیه اهلل )صل اهلل رسول - ان رسول اهلل )صل اهلل علیه وآله( و علیا )علیه السالم( سیرجعان. ) بحاراالنوار، ج “Allah did notsendanyone including Adam andothers Imam Sadeq(p.b.u.h.)says, Al-raj‘ah oftheOther HolyProphets: one ofus. He who does not believe in our return (Al-raj‘ah) is not importance inthefollowingsentence: Imam Sadeq(p.b.u.h.)explainedal-raj‘ah andits shall return. Indeed the Messenger of Allah and Imam Ali (p.b.u.t.) the to pertaining mentioned ayahfromImamSadeq(p.b.u.h.): a quotes Aa‘yun Ibn Bākir and Faithful Imams shallreturntoyou.”( of Qumī) Commander the and Prophet “Your Sajjād Imam 28, chapter of (p.b.u.h.) states, 85 ayah to According Al-raj‘ah oftheHolyProphetIslam(p.b.u.h.): follows: Some ofthetraditions,whichaffirm theirreturn,areas • Al-raj‘ah ofagroupShi‘ites. of JesusandKhizr[p.b.u.t.]) reappearance the (and prophets holy • other of Al-raj‘ah Household’ (p.b.u.t.) ) 106 9 ص ، ص 8 (Bihāral-Anwār, Vol. 53,p.39) 1 ) ج )تفسیرقمی، واالئمه. وامیرالمومنین نبیکم الیکم یرجع - یرجع الیکم نبیکم وامیرالمومنین واالئمه. )تفسیرقمی، ج 28:85 (

انالذیفرضعلیکالقرآنلرادکالی المعاد. بکرتنا« الیومن من منا »لیس - »لیس منا من الیومن بکرتنا« ) 39 ص 7

7 8 9 19 Al-Raj‘ah 20

Al-Raj‘ah یدی بین یقاتل حتی الدنیا الی رد اال رسوال ال و اهلل یبعث وال جرا، فهلم آدم نعم،من آدم فهلم جرا، وال یبعث اهلل و ال رسوال اال رد الی الدنیا حتی یقاتل بین یدی امیرالمومنین« ینصر و الدنیا الی یرجع و اال جرا فهلم آدم لدن من نبیا اهلل بعث ما - » ما بعث اهلل نبیا من لدن آدم فهلم جرا اال و یرجع الی الدنیا و ینصر امیرالمومنین« side oftheCommanderFaithful.” unless theyweretoreturnthisworld fightonthe Almighty didn’t sendthem on the mission ofprophecy including Adam and every other holy prophet. God “Yes,that, adds Sadeq Imam prophets) possible. the (all is this how wondering asks Shībah Abī Ibn Therefore, will supporttheCommanderofFaithful.” “They willsurelybelieve intheMessengerof Allah and And rightafterthat,he(p.b.u.h)said, the witnesses.” He said,“Thenbearwitness,andIamwithyouamong it.” acknowledged “Wehave said, They commitment?” [Allah] him.” said, “Haveyouacknowledged and taken upon that My support and him in believe [must] you comes toyouamessengerconfirming what iswithyou, I give you of the Scripture and wisdom and then there took thecovenant of theprophets,[saying],“Whatever “And [recall, OPeopleoftheScripture],when Allah ayah: “I heardImamSadeq(p.b.u.h.)reciting the following quotes ahadithfromFayḍIbn Abī Shībahsayingthat, scholar Ayyāshīgreat the Qur’an, the of exegesis his In world andsupporttheCommanderofFaithful.” on the mission of prophecy unless he shall return to this امیرالمومنین( لتنصرن و اهلل برسول )لتومنن - )لتومنن برسول اهلل و لتنصرن امیرالمومنین( 12

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- 10 11 12 االیمان محض من اال یرجع وال یموت، حتی یرجع اال قتل المومنین من احد لیس - لیس احد من المومنین قتل اال یرجع حتی یموت، وال یرجع اال من محض االیمان Philosophy. Hence,al-raj‘ah, in general, is accepted in endeavored toexplainitincompliance with Islamic al-raj‘ah has beenputtodiscussionandmanyscholars instances that correspond to al-raj‘ah. The possibility of occasions in history and historians have reported many traditions and ayahs,al-raj‘ah did takeplace in many as one of its essential principles. In accordance with many Imams andaparticular group ofindividuals is considered Shi‘ite schoolofthought.Believing in theal-raj‘ah of the Al-raj‘ah isofastrongandsignificantpillarinthe Conclusion faith aswellthosewhoarecompleteinfidels. to according Shiite teachings, isjust for thosewhoare purified in their al-raj‘ah, that out points Mufīd Shaykh had sheerinfidelitywillbereturned.”(Tafsir Qomi) way andmerelythosewhohadsheerfaith shall definitely return (tothisworld)todieinanormal he assertsthat, “All of the believers who weremartyred (27:83) nation…” every form resurrect shall we interpretation of ayah 83 of surah 27 which is, “The day world. Accordingly, ImamSadeq(p.b.u.h.)explained the purity would have the chance of a second returntothis Islam. Those followerswhose faithreachedthelevelof of themandnotall the followers ofthe Holy Prophetof In fact, the al-raj‘ah of the followers isrestricted tosome Al-raj‘ah ofSometheFollowers ) 131 ) 83 )النمل: ( فوجا... امه کل نحشرمن یوم ) - ) یوم نحشرمن کل امه فوجا... ( )النمل: ،ص 2 )تفسیرقمی،ج الکفرمحضا ومحض الکفرمحضا )تفسیرقمی،ج 13 ,and 13 14 14

21 Al-Raj‘ah 22 Al-Raj‘ah concrete evidenceforthepossibilityofhereafter. many religions asan undeniable fact that can provide Reference 12.Tabarsi. F. H. 1372. Majma Al-Bayan fi Tafsir Al- . 11.ShaykhTūsī. M. H. Tibyān fī Tafsīr Beirut: al-Qur’ān. Dār Tafsīr fī Aẓīm. Qur’ān al-Ma‘ānī Rūḥ 1415. M. S. 10.Ālūsī. 9.Shaykh Tūsī. 5Century. Risālatal-‘Aqāidal-Jafarīyyah al-Faqīh. Yaḥzuruh-u lā Man Century. 4 Sadūq. 8.Shaykh 7.Allāmah Majlisī.Biḥāral-Anvār. 6.Salīmiyān. K. 1385. Bāzgasht bi Dunyā dar Pāyān-i Tārīkh. 5.Shaykh Kulaynī.4Century. Al-Kāfī. 4.‘Aqāid al-‘Imamīyyah 3.The OldandNew Testament 2.Catholic Encyclopedia 1.Ṭabāṭabā’ī. S.M.H,A.H. 1417. Al-Mīzān, Qom: Jami‘at al- 1Cae E 19. enanto: h msig ik in Link missing The Reincarnation: 1997. E. 21.Clare. 20.Descartes.R. Haldane andRoss1931,p.276 p/5, 1, Art. 53, Q. III, Theologica, Summa T. 19.Aquinas. 18.Aquinas. T. SuperBoetiumDe Trinitate 17.Edman 1930 16.Duns Scotus,Op.ox.,IV, 43,q.ii 15.Ayyāshī. MuḥammadIbnMas‘ūd. 3 Century. Tafsīr. al- Dār Qom: Al-Tafsīr. 1367. Ibrāhīm. Ibn Ali 14.Qumī. 13.Shaykh Mufīd.5Century. Al-Masāil al-Sarviīyyah. Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.Press Beirut: Dāral-Kutubal-‘Ilmīyyah.Press. Jāmiat al-Mudarrisīn. Qom: Būstān-iKetāb.Press Mudarrisīn Press. Christianity. SummitUniversity. Press. Cambridge University Press Kitāb Press. Tehran: NasirKhosro.Press 23 Al-Raj‘ah