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The Terminology of Philosophical Theology and Theological Philosophy Abdolrahim Soleimani Behbahani1
Received: 21/04/2021 Accepted: 05/05/2021 Abstract Philosophical theology and theological philosophy are two emerging terms in the field of Islamic sciences. The present study, with a terminological approach (terminology) and inductive method, seeks to determine the position of these two terms in the comprehensive system of the Dictionary of Islamic Sciences. Accordingly, he has explored statements and writings that have either been in the position of explaining the meaning of these two terms or have used them to express their intentions, without specifying their meaning and purpose. The most important results of the research are as follows: The origin of both terms is methodological issues; Hence, "in terms of division" in both terms is "methodology". Regarding the meanings of the two terms, the difference in the meanings desired by the users of each of these two words is such that it cannot be referred to the single meaning and can only be justified by the promise of verbal sharing. All applications of "philosophical theology" and some applications of "theological philosophy" are related to the field of knowledge of Islamic theology. The proposal of this research is based on the basics of the terminology of writing, agreeing and reconciling on the meaning of "theology using philosophical methods, teachings and rules" for the term "philosophical theology", and abandoning the use of the term "theological philosophy".
Keywords Philosophical theology, theological philosophy, terminology, terminology, thesaurus.
1. Assitant Professor, Faculty of Islamic Information and Document Management, Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy, Qom, Iran. [email protected] * Soleimani Behbahani, A. (2020). The Terminology of Philosophical Theology and Theological Philosophy. Journal of Theology & Islamic Knowledge, 2(4). pp. 8-33. Doi:10.22081/jikm.2021.60749.1054
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An Ontological Look at the Islamic Lifestyle in the Thought of the Supreme Leader of Iran Hossein Hasanzadeh1
Received: 30/01/2021 Accepted: 23/02/2021 Abstract The question is whether the Supreme Leader has acted systematically in explaining the Islamic lifestyle or not? The purpose of this article is to discover the geometric map of Islamic lifestyle in the thought of the Supreme Leader as an objective example and a successful experience of religious rule in the present era (the era of bombarding the Western lifestyle on the body of Islamic societies). To achieve this goal and using the method of ontology in epistemology, the thought of the wise leader of the revolution has been studied and his statements have been studied by descriptive and analytical methods. The research finding is that the realization of the Islamic lifestyle in his mind without considering other components, it is not possible, therefore, they have tried to explain the components that are involved in the realization of the aspects of the Islamic lifestyle. These components are: self-knowledge, intellect, cultural independence, explanatory, formation of Islamic society, Islamic progress, Islamic civilization, defense, social justice, role modeling and some moral virtues such as mercy, prejudice to national economy, self- confidence, trustworthiness, Perseverance, honesty and also some moral vices such as extravagance, aristocracy, imitation. Obviously, the Islamic lifestyle has an ontological connection with these concepts, which in this article, the type of these connections is depicted.
Keywords ontology, lifestyle, Islamic lifestyle, Islamic-Iranian lifestyle, ontology of Islamic lifestyle, Supreme Leader.
1. Assitant Professor, Faculty of Islamic Information and Document Management, Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy, Qom, Iran. [email protected] * Hasanzadeh, H. (2020). An Ontological Look at the Islamic Lifestyle in the Thought of the Supreme Leader of Iran. Journal of Theology & Islamic Knowledge, 2(4). pp. 35-63. Doi:10.22081/jikm.2021.60044.1047
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An Analysis of the Conceptual Metaphor of the Qur'anic Verses Related to the Resurrection Day
Mortaza Abdi Chari1 Fatemeh Hedayati Azizi 2
Received: 03/03/2021 Accepted: 24/04/2021 Abstract The theory of metaphor, a concept introduced in the last decades of the twentieth century by two linguists, George Lycoff and Mark Johnson, challenged traditional theories. According to this theory, conceptual metaphor is rooted in the human mind and flows subconsciously in human daily life. Lycoff and Johnson have divided conceptual metaphor into three types: structural, ontological, and directional. In the present study, we have studied the verses related to the Resurrection with an analytical-theoretical method, in which a conceptual metaphor has been used in order to better understand and better comprehend what is unknown to us from that world, such as events, miqats and 170 letters. The results of the research indicate that the Holy Quran, due to the unfamiliarity and intangibility of the world after death, has used the form and tools of language as a metaphor to better understand this event; But the important point in this research is that among the verses of the Qur'an in which conceptual metaphor is used in different types, most of these metaphors are related to the Great Resurrection, which God has expressed through the conceptual metaphor of the Resurrection and its circumstances. Its ontological type includes the most words and the structural and directional type is in the next order. This shows that transcendental and futuristic topics are more plausible to the audience in the form of metaphors.
Keywords Quran, Conceptual Metaphor, Ontological Metaphor, Structural Metaphor, Resurrection Verses
1. Ph.D., Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy, Qom, Iran (Corresponding Author). [email protected] 2. Instructor and Deputy of Women seminaries of Mazandaran. Mazandaran, Iran. [email protected] * Abdi Chari, M. & Hedayati Azizi, F. (2020). An Analysis of the Conceptual Metaphor of the Qur'anic Verses Related to the Resurrection Day. Journal of Theology & Islamic Knowledge, 2(4). pp. 65-97. Doi: 10.22081/jikm.2021.60370.1052
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VL¾UL½?,×qLXkLyµqLXyK,ÈXkL²}ÈXz·µqLXyK,È´¸µqLXyK,¯?r ¾ L V [email protected] §´Jzµn²z½´±¯Kr½K,¬,ÈÆyK¤²·r³«´ªµL¦~·³vSÈlW×KrX¡m [email protected] ¯Kr½K,¯Kqn±sL¯LXyK¯Kr·K´k¶¾®ªµs´g{s´?¯³L³ÈOr ¶/O´/OrUL/½?È´¸µqLXyKÈyqrO³¨¾ªhW ¶®L,×t½tÈX½Kn·-ÈWr,×qLc× nP ,ǒŐͳƽʮƊŤƍǁŤƀŭɔƅɔƁƽÈ`½³rW/È®ª¶L²ª³m VL¾ Doi: 10.22081/jikm.2021.60370.1052
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1. George Lakoffer 2. Mark Johnson 3. Metaphors We Live By
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n²²¡È µKr®¥Kq¯L±?¶Xz±Kn±¶¡KqȱLz¡¯L·L²¥qLOsKÈ~lOt¾±³n±qKmrO«L®WKqm´k¯L·L²¥ n²~¡È KqÇqLOnO¶c,n¾}LO ˨˫ěŘď ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ´ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āęʭþķ ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ äőŘőʭÝ ˎ é ˎ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˏ é ˓ ˏ ˨äýę˨ĂŞĨķ˨ŏóˑ˨Ľʭēï˨äőóˑ˨˛Ń ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˨˨˔ʴʸ˨ʯŌʭĸőù˕˨ō¶ ŞĴķ˨Ō¶ ŘŰ˨ûùĘķ ˎ ˏ é ˏ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˨Ľʭēï˨äőóˑ˨ˬĚŞĻ˨Ŕ¶ Ŋóˑ˨ŐŎˑ ˨ōÞŊ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˨ō¶ ŞĴķ˨Ō¶ ŘŰ˨ûùĘķ˨ōÞŞŋķ ˔ʸʼ˨ʯĽùĚķù˕ ˎ ˎ ˎ é ˎ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˨ĚŀŞÝ˨ŗ˨ġùĕʭÏ ˨ûùĘķ˨äýę˨ĂŞĨķ˨ŏóˑ˨Ľʭēï ˎ ˓ ˨ŗ˨ˬʭáĕùĕ˨ʯōŞĴķ ˔ʴʸ˨ʯĞőŘŰ˕˨ō¶ ŞĴķ˨Ō¶ ŘŰ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˨ʯōŞĴķ˨ûʭĠď ˨ōŖˑ ŒˑŞý˨ŐŎˑ ˨ûùĜďšù˨ľŋĄēʭĿ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˎ ç ː ˎ ˎ ˨Ă˙Ĵķ˨ʭý˨ęŘĬď ˨Ėˑ ŖĤŎ˨ŐŎˑ ˨ùŗĚˏ ŀÝ˨ŐŰĘŋŊˑ˨˛ŰŘĿ ˎ ˓ ˨ʯěŗę˨ŏí˨ęĕ˨łŰŦē ˔ʶʺ˨ʯōŰĚŎ˕˨ō¶ ŞĴķ˨Ō¶ ŘŰ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˏ é ˨ʼnŘį˨Ă˙Ĵķ˨ŗ ˨Ō¶ ŘŰ˨ûùĘķ˨ōÞŞŋķ˨Ľʭēï˨äőóˑ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕˨ōŞĴķˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˨˨˨ō¶ ŞĴķ˨Ō¶ ŘŰ ˨Ă˙Ĵķ˨ʯěŗę˨ŏí ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨˨˔ʴʶʸ˨ʯ´ùĚĸģ˕˨ō¶ ŞĴķ ˨˨ãĚþÝ ˨˨˔Ûęĕ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˏ è ˎ ˎ ˎ ˨ŗ˨ĂĤďŗ˨ŗ˨ʼnŘŕ ˨ōÝĘēðŞĿ˨´¶ ŘĠýˑ˨ʭŕŘĠ˙ă˨ť˨ŗ y ˎ ˎ L ˓ ˏ § ˨Ă˙Ĵķ˨ŗ˨ʯĝùĚŕ ˨ʯ´ùĚĸģ˕˨ōŞĴķ˨ŌŘŰ˨ûùĘķ m ¶ ¶ ³ « } ® ˨ěʭĻí˨ãʭŕ˨ĢþŒċ ˨˨˔ʴʸʹ L q µ ˎ m ˎ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˎ ç ˎ ˎ ³ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˏ ˏ « , ˨ŗ˨ĜŞēʭĄğę ˨ŌŘŰ˨ûùĘķ˨ō˨ŕĘēðĿ˨ˬŘýĘÞĿ S ˑ L ½ ¾ ç t ˎ ˎ ˎ ˏ ç è ˓ ³ ˨Ă˙Ĵķ˨ŔħŦē ˨ŌŘŰ˨ûùĘķ˨ŏʭÝ˨Ŕőó˨Āˑ ŋĴŊù s ¶ ˑ z X ˎ L ¯ ˨˨āʭŖċ˨Ōʭ˙ă˨ęĕ ˔ʴʻʼ˨ʯ´ùĚĸģ˕˨ōŞĴķ ¶ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˏ é é ˎ ˎ ˨äýę˨ĂŞĨķ˨ŏó˨Ľʭēï˨äőó˨˛Ń S ¾ ˑ ˑ L S È ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˨˨˔ʴʶ˨ʯĚŎě˕˨ōŞĴķ˨ŌŘŰ˨ûùĘķ ¶ ¶ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˨Ō¶ ŘŰ˨ûùĘķ˨ōÞŞŋķ˨Ľʭēï ˎ ˨˨˔ʵʴ˨ʯĽʭńďù˕˨ō¶ ŞĴķ ˎ ˓ ˨˨˔ʸ˨ʯŐŞŀŀİŎ˕˨ō¶ ŞĴķ˨Ō¶ ŘŞŊˑ ˨˫ěŘď ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ´ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āęʭþķ ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ äőŘőʭÝ ˏ ˓ ˎ ç ˎ ˓ é ˎ ç ˏ ˎ ˨ŌŘŰ˨ʭŒİŃˑ ˨ʭŒŊ˨˛Čķ˨ʭŒýęˎ˨ùŘŊʭŃ˨ŗ ˎ ˓ ˨ʼnʭ˙ķù˨äŎʭ˙ă ˨˨˔ʴʹ˨ʯĥ˕˨ûˑ ʭĠĐˑ Ŋù ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ è ˎ ç ç ˨ěù˨ōķù˨äŎĕí ˨˛ˑ Şþğ˨˨Őķ˨ŏŘŋĬˑ Ű˨ŐŰĘŊù˨ŏóˑ ˏ ˎ ː ˎ ː ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ç ˨ʯĚŞþÝ˨ŗ˨ĚŞļħ ˨ùŘĠő˨ʭ˙ýˑ˨ĖŰĖģ˨ûùĘķ˨ōŖŊ˨Ŕˑ ŋŊù ˒ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˨ʯäŋÝ˨ŗ˨ä÷Ĝċ ˨˨˔ʵʹ˨ʯĥ˕˨û˨ ʭĠĐˑ Ŋù˨ŌŘŰ ˒ ˓ ˓ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˏ ˨ʯãĕʭŎ˨ŗ˨ãŘŒĸŎ ˨˨ûʭĠĐˑ Ŋù˨Ōˑ ŘŞŊˑ˨ŏŗĖķŘă˨ʭŎ˨ùĘŕ ˨Ōˎ Ř˓ Ű ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨äŋÝ˕˨ûʭĠď˨ěŗę ˓ ˨ŗ˨äďęùŘċ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˔ʸʶ˨ʯĥ˕ ˨˨ûʭĠĐŊù ˨˨ãĚþÝ ˨˨˔Ûęĕ˨˛ýʭŃ ˑ é ˎ ˏ ˓ ˏ é ˏ ˎ ˎ ˨ŗ˨äőĖý˕˨äĐőùŘċ ˨äýĚýˑ˨āĘķ˨äőóˑ˨˨äğŘŎ˨ʼnʭŃ˨ŗ é ˎ ˎ ˏ é ˏ ˓ ˓ ˏ é ˎ ˎ ˨ŏŗĖý˨˔äďŗę ˨ť˨̶ þÞĄŎ˨˛Ý˨ŐŎˑ ˨ōÞýę˨ŗ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˨ěŗę˨ŏí˨ęĕ˨ʭŒĈĄğù ˨˨˔ʵʺ˨ʯĚĿʭĻ˕˨˨ûʭĠĐˑ Ŋù˨ŌˑŘŞýˑ˨ŐŎˑ òŰ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ç ˨ŔþğʭĐŎ˨ĕęŘŎ ˨ŗ˨ãĖŊˑùŘ˨Ŋˑ˨ŗ˨ä˨ Ŋ˨Ě˓ ŀˑ Ļù˨ʭŒýęˎ ˏ ˓ ˏ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˨˨ĕĚŞáä˨ Ŏ˨ęùĚŃ ˨ûʭĠĐˑ Ŋù˨ŌŘńŰ˨ŌŘŰ˨ŐŞŒŎˑ ò˙ŋŊˑ ˨˨˔ʷʴ˨ʯōŞŕùĚýù˕ W h ª ¾ é ˓ ¨ ˨ˇŐŰĕˈ˨ˬÙùŗ˨˛ħù ˨˨˔ʷ˨ʯĖ˙ď˕˨ŐŰĖŊù˨ŌŘŰ˨ÜŊʭŎ ³ ˑ ˑ ˑ O ˑ r q é ˎ ˏ é ç y ˓ ˎ ˎ ˎ È ˨ĵŘĬē˨ãʭŒĸŎ˨Ŕý ˨ŐŰĖŊù˨ŌŘŞý˨ŏŘŃĖĨŰ˨ŐŰĘŊù˨ŗ K ˑ ˑ ˑ y X L q ˨Ăķʭįù˨ŗ˨ĕʭŞńőù˨ŗ ˨˨˔ʵʹ˨ʯĉęʭĸŎ˕ µ ¸ é é ˎ ˏ ç ˏ ´ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˨ŐŰù˨Ěáù˨ŗ˨Ăğù ˨ŐŰĖŊù˨ŌŘŞý˨ûĘÞő˨ʭŒÝ˨ŗ È ˑ ˑ ˑ ? ½ L U ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ùĜċ˨ãʭŒĸŎ˨Ěý˨ˬÙùŗ ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕ŐŰĕ˨ěŗ˨ę ˔ʷʹ˨ʯĚćĖŎ˕ é r O ˓ ´ ˨˨˨ŐŰĖŊù˨Ōˑ ŘŰ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˎ ˎ ˑ é ˎ ˓ ˓ ˓ O ˨˨ãĚþÝ ˨Ŕý˨ʭŰ˨ˬĖģ˨ŁŦįù ˨˨˔Ûęĕ ˨ʯęʭİŀőù˕˨ŐŰĖŊù˨ŌŘŰ˨ʭŖőŘŋĨŰ ¶ ˑ ¾ L ˎ é ˏ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ V ˨Ăğù˨ŏí˨üþğ ˨ŐŰĖŊù˨ŌŘŰ˨ʭŎ˨Ûùęĕï˨ʭŎ˨ŗ˨˔ʴʸ ˑ ˎ ˏ ˨ŏí˨˛ýʭńŎ˨ęĕ˨ŔÝ ˨ʭŎ˨Ûˎ ùę˨ĕ˓ ï˨ʭŎ˨ōç ć˨˔ʴʺ˨ʯęʭİŀőù˕ é ˏ ˓ ˨ʭŰ˨ĕŘý˨ĶŞİŎ˨ĖŰʭý ˨˨˔ʴʻ˨ʯęʭİŀőù˕˨Őˑ ŰĖŊù˨ŌŘŰ é ˓ ˎ ˏ é ˎ ˎ ç ˨ĕŘŊŘŎ˨ùĜċ˨ŔÞŒŰù ˨Őˑ ŰĖŊù˨Ōˑ ŘŞýˑ˨ŏŘýĘÞŰ˨ŐŰĘŊù ˨˫ěŘď ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ´ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āęʭþķ ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ äőŘőʭÝ ˨˨Ăğù˨Ăķʭįù ˔ʴʴ˨ʯŐŞŀŀİŎ˕ é ˏ ˏ ˔ʸʹ˨ʯŔĸŃùŗ˕˨ŐŰĖŊù˨Ōˎ Ř˓ Ű˨ō˓ Ŗˏ ŊĜˏ ő˨ùĘŕ ˑ ˎ é ˏ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˨Őˑ ŰĖŊù˨ŌŘŰ˨ŏʭŰï˨ŏŘŋøĠŰ ˨˨˔ʴʵ˨ʯāʭŰęùė˕ ˨ĂŎùĖő˨ŗ˨ˬŗĖőù˨ěŗę ˨ĖŰĖģ˨āĚĠď˨ŗ ˨ʭŖŒă˨Ŕő˨ˉĂğù ˨ʯŏùęʭÝĖ˨ ý˨ãùĚý ˒ ˨ãùĚý˨äĄď˨ŔÞŋý ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˓ ˎ ˨ùĚŰě˨ˉŏùęʭÝŘÞŞő ˨ėóˑ˨ÿˑĚĠĐŊù˨ŌŘŰ˨ōŕęĘˑ őï˨ŗ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨äŋÝ˕˨āĚĠď˨ěŗę ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˨˨˨ÿˑĚˎ ĠĐŊù˨ŌŘŰ ˨ãʭŕ˨ġùĕʭÏ˨äĄŃŗ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ŗ˨Ā¶ ŋŀĻ˨ä˨ Ŀ˨ōŕ˨ŗ˨Ěˏ Ŏšù˨äĬˑ Ń ˨˨ãĚþÝ ˨˨˔Ûęĕ˨˛ýʭŃ ˎ ˏ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˨ùę˨äŖŊù˨ōŞĴķ ˨˨˔ʶʼ˨ʯōŰĚŎ˕˨ŏŘŒŎˑ òŰ˨ť˨ōŕ ˨ľğðă˨ʯĖŒŒŞýä˨ Ŏ y L § ˨ùĚ×˨ĖőęŘēä˨ Ŏ m ³ « } ® ˨ęʭÝ˨ĚĄŖý˨ŗ˨ĚĄĤŞý L q µ m ³ « ˨ŌʭČőù˨ÜŞő , S L ½ ¾ t ³ ˨˨Ėőùˬ˨ĕùĖő s z ˎ ˓ ˏ X ˓ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ L ˨ʭŕ˨ˬĕĚÏ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ˨ęĕ ˨ÜŊė˨Ķ˙ČŊù˨ŌŘŞŊ˨ōÞĸ˙ČŰ˨ŌŘŰ ¯ ˑ ˑ ˑ ˑ ç ˓ ç ˎ ˓ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˏ ˓ ˨ŗ˨ĕŗęä˨ Ŏ˨ęʭŒÝ ˨ŗ˨ŔŋŊʭý˨ŐŎòŰ˨ŐŎ˨ŗ˨ŐýʭļĄŊù˨ŌŘŰ ˑ ˑ S ˑ ¾ ˑ L S é ˎ ˍ ˓ È ˎ ˎ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ŗ˨ʼnʭ˙ķù˨ĊŰʭĄő ˨ŏĖģŏ˨ ŘþļŎ˨ěŗę ˨ŗ˨ŔăʭøŞğ˨ŔŒķ˨Ěŀ˨ÞŰ˨ʭĐŊʭħ˨˛˙ĸŰ ˎ ç ˑ ˑ ˑ ˨˨˨ŐýˏʭļĄŊù˨Ōˏ Ř˓ Űˎ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˑ ˒ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˎ ç ˎ ˏ ˓ ˓ ãĚþÝ ˨āʭŞő˨ŗ˨Ė÷ʭńķ ˨˨˔Ûęĕ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕ ˨ʭŖĄˑĐă˨ŐŎˑ ˨ãĚČă˨ā¶ ʭŒċ˨Ŕŋēˑ ĖŰ ˎ ˍ ˎˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˨ŗ˨ĕŘģä˨ Ŏ˨ęʭÞģí ˨ÜŊˑė˨ùĖýï˨ʭŖŞĿ˨ŐŰĖŊˑʭē˨ęˏʭŖőšù ˓ ˎ ˓ ˨ęĕ˨ùę˨ĕŘē˨ŏʭĠőù ˨˨˔ʼ˨ʯŐýʭļă˕˨˨ōˏ ŞĴĸˎ Ŋù˨ěˏŘ˓ŀŊù ˨˫ěŘď ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ´ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āęʭþķ ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ äőŘőʭÝ ˨ěù˨äŕŘþőù˨˛ýʭńŎ ˨ʼnʭ˙ķù˨ęʭćí˨ŗ˨Ċ÷ʭĄő ˨ŗ˨ʯĖŒŞýä˨ Ŏ˨ĢŰŘē ˨ŔÝ˨Ăğù˨ʭČőí ˨ěù˨ŏùęʭÝĖý ˨ŏʭŰě˨ŗ˨ĂĠÞģ ˨ŗ˨üŰĚĿ˨ŗ˨ĕŘē ˨ŗ˨ŏʭİŞģ˨àőĚŞő ˨ŏĕùĕĂ˨ ğĕěù ˨ãʭŕŔ˨ ŰʭŎĚğ ˨ŗ˨ōŞĴķ ˨ěù˨ŏĖģŌ˨ ŗĚĐŎ ˨ŏùĖŰŗʭċ˨āĕʭĸğ W h ª ¾ ¨ ˨ęĕ˨ãęʭĄĿĚá˨ŗ ³ O r q y ˨ûùĘķ˨ʼnʭâŒ× È K y X L q ˨Ěþē˨ʭý˨äŖŊù µ ¸ ´ ˨ŐŰù˨ŗ˨ĖőŘģä˨ Ŏ È ? ½ L ˎ U ˨äńŞńď˨ŐþĻ r O ´ O ˨˨Ăğù ¶ ¾ L V ˨ĚĴő˨ěù˨ŐŞâŒğ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ è ˏ ç ˨ŗ˨Āŋċˑ ʭĸŊù˨ŏŘþĐˑ Ű˨´ˑ ťòŕ˨ŏóˑ ˓ ˎ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ʯʭŕŔ˨ þğʭĐŎ ˨ęùŘģĕ˨ŗ˨ŐŞâŒğ˨ěŗę ˍ ˎ ˍ ˎ ˎ ˨˨˨˛Şńć˨Ōː Ř˓ Űˎ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ŦŞńć˨ʭŎŘ˓ Ű˨ō˓ ŕˏ ´ˎ ùęŗˎ ˨ŏŗęˏĘŰ ãĚþÝ ˨ĚĴő˨ěù˨ŐŞâŒğ ˨˨˔Ûęĕ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕ ˨˨˔ʵʺ˨ʯŏʭĠőù˕ ˨ʯʭŕā˨ ùěʭČŎ ˨˫ěŘď ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ´ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āęʭþķ ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ äőŘőʭÝ ˨ĚĴő˨ěù˨ŐŞâŒğ ˨ʯʭŕä˨ ŰùŘğę ˨ĚĴő˨ěù˨ŐŞâŒğ ˨ŗ˨ĚĤĐŎ˨Ė÷ùĖģ ˨äŒŞâŒğ ˨ŗ˨ʭŕ˨ĂŞŊŘøĠŎ ˨ęʭý˨ĚĴő˨ěù˨ŐŞâŒğ ˨ġŗĕ˨Ěý˨ŏʭŕʭŒá ˨˨ŏʭŎĚČŎ ˨Ōʭ˙ă˨ûʭĠď˨ŏĕùĕ ˨Ŕý˨äĄď˨ʼnʭ˙ķù ˨äŒŞâŒğ˨ˬěùĖőù ˎ ˎ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ŐĄģĘá˨ŗ˨ˬęė˨ÜŰ ˨äŋÝ˕˨ĂĔğ˨ěŗę ˨Ěː ŞĠķˎ ˨Ōː Ř˓ Ű˨ĘøŎˎ Ř˓ Ű˨ÜŊĘĿ ː ˓ ˎ ː ˓ ˎ ¶ ˑ ˑ ˨˨˨ĚŞĠķ˨ŌŘŰ ĂŎʭŞŃ y L § ãĚþÝ ˨ãʭŕŔ˨ őĕĚá˨ŏí˨ěù ˨˨˔Ûęĕ˨˛ýʭŃ ˨˨˔ʼ˨ʯĚćĖŎ˕ m ³ « } ® ˨ ˨˨ęʭÝ˨ʯĂĔğ L q µ m ³ « , ˨ãęùŘģĕ˨ęʭŞĠý S L ½ ¾ t ³ ˨˨Ăğù s ˎ ˎ z ç X ˏ é ˎ ç ˏ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˓ L ¯ ˨ʯĢýùĘķ˨üþğ˨Ŕý ˨Ľʭēï˨äőó˨ŔŋŊù˨ťó˨ùŗĖþĸă˨ť˨ŏï ˑ ˑ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˨ŗ˨Ă˨ ŎùĖő˨ʯäŰùŘğę ˨ʯĕŘŕ˕˨ōŞŊï˨ŌŘŰ˨ûùĘķ˨ōÞŞŋķ S ¶ ¶ ¾ L S È ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ˬĖŒĤÝ˨ä˨ őʭ˙ŞĤÏ ˨äŋÝ˕˨Ûʭőĕęĕ˨ěŗę ˨˨˔ʵʹ ˎ ˨˨˨ōː ŞŊù˨Ōː Ř˓ Űˎ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ãĚþÝ ˨ãʭŕ˨Ċőę˨ĵùŘőù˨ŗ ˨˨˔Ûęĕ˨˛ýʭŃ ˨ōŖˑ ŒˑŞý˨ŐŎˑ ˨ûùĜďšù˨ľŋĄēʭĿ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˎ ç ː ˎ ˎ ˨Ûʭőĕęĕ˨äďŗę ˨ûˑ ùĘķ˨ŐŎˑ ˨ùŘ˙ŋij˨ŐŰĘŋŊˑ˨˛ŰŘĿ ˎ ˓ ˨˨Ăğù ˨˨˔ʹʸ˨ʯĽĚēě˕˨ō¶ ŞŊï˨Ō¶ ŘŰ ˨˫ěŘď ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ´ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āęʭþķ ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ äőŘőʭÝ ˨äŎŘ˙ķ˨ęŘĬď˨ŗ ˨ōķù˨łŰŦē˨Ŕ˙ŕ ˎ ˎ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨Ŕ˙ŕ˨ŐĄĿʭŰęŘĬď˨ěŗę ˨Ōː Ř˓ Ű˨ÜŊė˨ŗˎ ˨ĝˏ ʭŒçŊù˨Ŕˏ Ŋ˨ĵː Ř˙ˏ Č˓ Ŏˎ ː ˏ ˓ ˎ ː ˓ ˎ ˑ ˨˨˨ĕŘŖĤŎ˨ŌŘŰ ˨ŗ˨Őċ˨ŗ˨Ğőù˨ěù ĂŎʭŞŃ ˓ ãĚþÝ ˨˨˔Ûęĕ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕ ˨˨˔ʴʳʶ˨ʯĕŘŕ˕˨ĕː ŘŖˏ ĤŎˎ ˨ŏí˨ęĕ˨ŔÞ÷ŦŎ ˨˨Ăğù ˨ʯŌŘŋĸŎ˨ʯěŗę ˒ ˨ōŋĠŎ˨ŗ˨ʯäĸİŃ ˨ĖŒ×Ěŕ˨ˉĂğù ˎ ˎ ˨ŌŘ˓ Ű˨āʭńŞŎ˨ä˨ Ŋó˨ŏŘķˏ Ř˙ˏ Č˓ ˙ˎ Ŋ ː ˏ ˓ ˎ ː ˓ ˎ ¶ ˑ ˑ ˨˨˨ŌŘŋĸŎ˨ŌŘŰ ˨ùę˨ŏí˨łŞŃĕ˨ĒŰęʭă ˏ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ŐŞĸŎʭő˨ʭŎù˨äĸİŃ˨ěŗę ˨˨˔ʸʳ˨ʯŔĸŃùŗ˕˨ŌŘŋĸ˓ Ŏˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˓ ¶ ˨Ăˑ ŃŘŊù˨Ōˑ ŘŰ ˨ĖŒőùĖő ĂŎʭŞŃ ˏ ˓ ˓ ˓ ãĚþÝ ˨˨˔Ûęĕ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕ ˨ŌŘŋĸ˓ ˙ˎ Ŋù˨ĂŃŘˎ Ŋù˨ŌŘ˓ Ű˨ä˨ Ŋó ˏ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˑ ˑ ˑ ˑ ˨˨˨Ōˑ Řŋĸ˙Ŋù ˨ŔÝ˨ãęŘįŏ˨ ʭ˙ŕ ˨˨˔ʻʴ˨ʯĥ˨ŗ˨ʶʻ˨ʯĚČď˕ ˨ĒŰęʭă˨ĞÝ˨ÖŞŕ ˨ùę˨ĕŘē˨Ě˙ķ˨ŏʭŰʭÏ W h ª ¾ ¨ ˨˨Ėőùĕä˨ ˙ő ³ O r q y ˨ãěŗę˨ĂŎʭŞŃ È K y ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕˨ˬĖķŗ X ˓ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˏ ˎ ˏ L ˓ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ q ˨˨˨ĕŘķŘ˙Ŋù˨ŌŘŰ ˨ŏí˨Ŕý˨ŔÝ˨Ăğù ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨˨˔ʵ˨ʯĉŗĚý˕˨ĕŘķŘ˙Ŋù˨ŌŘŞŊù˨ŗ µ ˑ ˑ ˑ ãĚþÝ ˨˨˔Ûęĕ ¸ ´ ˨˨˨ˬĖģ˨ˬĕùĕ˨ˬĖķŗ È ? ½ L U ˨ʼnʭ˙ķù˨ʭŖŒăŔ˨ ő r O ´ O ˨ ˨˨ŔÝ˨ʭŕŏ˨ ʭĠőù ˨ŗ˨āťʭď˨ŏĖģę˨ʭÞģí ¶ ¾ L ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˒ V ˨äŋþă˨ŌŘŰ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ʭŖőí˨ĖŰʭńķ˨ŗ˨āʭŞő ˨äőŗęĕ˨āʭŞő˨ŗ˨āʭŀħ ˎ ˏ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨˨˔ʼ˨ʯŁęʭį˕˨Ěˏ ÷ùĚĠç Ŋù˨äŋþ˓ ă˨Ōˎ Ř˓ ˨Űˎ ˨˨˨Ěˏ ÷ùĚĠç Ŋù ãĚþÝ ˨ěŗę˨ŏí˨ęĕ˨ĜŞő ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕˨äőʭŖŒÏ˨ŗ ˨ŦŎĚý˨äâ˙ŕ ˨˨˔Ûęĕ ˨˨ĕŘģä˨ Ŏ ˨˫ěŘď ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ´ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āęʭþķ ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ äőŘőʭÝ ˨ÛʭŒŊŘŕ˨ą˨ ĕùŘď ˨ęĕ˨ùę˨ĜŞ×˨Ŕ˙ŕ ˏ ç ç ˏ ç ç ˎ ˎ ˨ĀŎʭİŊù ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ŗ˨ĕĚýä˨ Ŏ˨ŗĚĿ˨ĕŘē ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕˨ŔþŋĻ ˨ĀŎʭİŊù˨āˑ ´ʭċ˨ùėôˑĿ ˏ ˓ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˏ ˓ ˨˨ãĚþ˓ ÞŊù ãĚþÝ ˨äĄĤďŗ˨ŗ˨ĝĚă˨ʭý ˔Ûęĕ ˨˨˔ʶʷ˨ʯāʭķěʭő˕ãĚþ˓ ÞŊù ˨Ŕ˙ŕ˨Ě˨ ý˨ʯĕ˨ęùĕ˨ŔÝ ˨˨ĕŘģä˨ Ŏ˨üŊʭĻ ˨ãùĚý˨äâőùĕŗʭċ ˎ ˏ ˏ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ŗ˨ĚĿʭÝ˨ŗ˨ŐŎòŎ ˨äŋÝ˕˨äâĤŞ˙ŕ˨ ˨Ōˏ Ř˓ Ű˨ÜŊė˨ŌŦĠˎ ý˨ʭŕŘŋēĕ˓ ù ˏ ˏ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˑ ¶ ˑ ˨˨˨ĕˑ ŘŋĔŊù˨ŌŘŰ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˏ ˏ ˓ ãĚþÝ ˨ŗ˨äĄĤŖý˨ãùĚý ˨˨˔Ûęĕ˨˛ýʭŃ ˨˨˔ʶʷ˨ʯŁ˕˨ĕˑ ŘŋĔŊù ˨˨ä˙ŒŖċ ˨ěù˨ŏĖģĉ˨ ęʭē˨ěŗę é ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ç ˎ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ŗ˨āʭŞď˨Ŕý˨ßĚŎ ˨äŋÝ˕˨ŏĖģĉ˨ ęʭē ˨łĐŊʭýˑ˨ĀĐŞĨŊù˨ŏŘĸ˙ĠŰ˨ŌŘŰ ˨˨˨ĉŗĚˏ ĔŊù˨Ōˏ Ř˓ Űˎ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˑ ˏ ˏ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ãĚþÝ ˨Ŕý˨đěĚý˨ōŊʭķ˨ěù ˔Ûęĕ˨˛ýʭŃ ˨˨˔ʷʵ˨ʯŁ˕˨ĉˑ ŗĚĔŊù˨ŌŘŰ˨ÜŊˑė y L § ˨˨Ěēí˨ōŊʭķ m ³ « ˏ ˓ ˏ ç ˎ ˓ } ˓ ˓ ˏ ˓ ® ˨ěù˨łď˨äŰùĖċ ˨ōĄŒÝ˨ãĘŊù˨˛ĨŀŊù˨ŌŘŰ˨ùĘŕ L q µ ˑ m ˎ é ˎ ˏ ³ ˏ « , ˨äŰùĖċ˨ʯ˛įʭý ˨˨˔ʵʴ˨ʯāʭĿʭħ˕˨ŏŘýĘÞă˨Ŕý S ˑ ˑ L ½ ˎ ¾ t ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˓ ³ ˨ŗ˨ŏʭŒŎòŎ˨ĽŘŀħ ˨ʭŎ˨Ûùęĕï˨ʭŎ˨ŗ˨˛ĨŀŊù˨ŌŘŞŊ s ˑ ˑ ˑ z X ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ L ¯ ˨ŏùĚĿʭÝ˨ěù˨ŏʭĐŊʭħ ˨ŗ˨ʴʶ˨ʯāŦğĚŎ˕˨˛˨ ĨŀŊù˨ŌŘŰ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕˨ŏĖģùĖċ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˨˨˨˛ĨŀŊù˨ŌŘŰ ˨äŰùĖċ˨ʯŏʭŎĚČŎ˨ŗ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨˨˔ʴʷ S ¾ ˑ L ãĚþÝ ˔Ûęĕ S È ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˨ęĖÏ˨ŗ˨ʯęĕùĚý˨ěù˨ęĕùĚý ˨ŗ˨ōÝʭŒĸ˙ċ˨˛ĨŀŊù˨ŌŘŰ˨ùĘŕ ˑ ˎ ˓ ˨ŗ˨ʯĖőěĚĿ˨ěù˨ęĕʭŎ˨ŗ ˨˨˔ʶʻ˨ʲāŦğĚŎ˕˨Őˎ ŞŊŗçšù ˍ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ç ˨ĂģŘőĚğ˨äŰùĖċ ˨ʭăʭńŞŎ˨ŏʭÝ˨˛ˑ ĨŀŊù˨ŌŘŰ˨ŏóˑ ˨˨ŏùĖý˨ěù˨ŏʭýŘē ˨˨˔ʴʺ˨ʯðþő˕ ˨˫ěŘď ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ´ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āęʭþķ ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ äőŘőʭÝ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˨Ķˑ ˙ČŊù˨ŌŘŰ˨ęĘˑ Œă˨ŗ˨ʭŖŊŘď˨ŐŎ ˎ ç ˎ ˓ ː ˎ ˎ ˨ŗ˨Āˑ ŒČŊù˨äĿˑ ˨łŰĚĿ˨Ŕˑ ŞĿ˨üŰęˎ˨ť ç ː ˎ ˨˨˔ʺ˨ʯãęŘģ˕˨Ěˑ ŞĸĠŊù˨äĿˑ ˨łŰĚĿ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˨ãʭŕŏ˨ ʭĠőù˨Ōʭ˙ă ˨Ķˑ ˙ČŊù˨Ōˑ ŘŞ˨Ŋˑ˨ōÞĸ˙ČŰ˨ŌŘŰ ˓ ˓ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˏ ç ˏ ˓ ˎ ˨ŗ˨ŐŰĚēí˨ŗ˨ŐŞŊŗù ˨ŐŎˑ òŰ˨ŐŎ˨ŗ˨ŐýʭļĄŊù˨ŌŘŰ˨ÜŊˑė ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨äŋÝ˕˨ŏĖģĶ˨ ˙ċ ˑ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˒ ˓ é ˎ ˍ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ç ˨˨˨Ķ˙Č˨Ŋù˨ŌŘŰ ˨äĄď˨ŗ˨Őċ˨Ŕ˙ŕ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ ˨˨ĚŀÞŰ˨ʭĐŊˑʭħ˨˛˙ĸŰ˨ŗ˨Ŕˑ ŋŊʭýˑ ˑ ãĚþÝ ˔Ûęĕ˨˛ýʭŃ ˏ ˓ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˨ŐŞýĚ˒ ńŎ˨ŔÞ÷ŦŎ ˨ ˨˨Ŕŋēˑ ĖŰ˨ŗ˨Ŕˑ ăˑʭøŞğ˨ŔŒķ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˎ ç ˎ ˨˨Ėőù˨Ķ˙ċ˨ʭČőí˨ęĕ ˨ʭŖĄˑĐă˨ŐŎˑ ˨ãĚČă˨ā¶ ʭŒċ ˍ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˨ ˨˨ùĖýï˨ʭŖŞĿ˨ŐŰĖŊˑʭē˨ęˏʭŖőšù ˏ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˨ ˨˨ōŞĴĸŊù˨ěŘŀŊù˨ÜŊˑė ˨˨˔ʼ˨ʯŐýʭļă˕ ˨ŔÞŒŰù˨ěù˨ĝĚă ˏ ˓ ˎ è ˎ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨Ōʭ˙ă ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕ĝĚă˨ěŗę ˨ŌŘŰ˨ÜŊˑė˨ęŘĨŊù˨äĿˑ ˨Ēŀˑ ő˨ŗ W ˓ ˎ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˑ h ˨˨˨ĖŞķŘŊù˨ŌŘŰ ĂŎʭŞŃ ª ˑ ˑ ¾ ˎ ˓ ¨ ãĚþÝ ˨ěŗę˨ãʭŕā˨ ùěʭČŎ ˔Ûęĕ ˨˨˔ʵʳ˨ʯŁ˕˨ĖŞķŘŊù ³ ˑ O r q y ˨˨Ăğù˨ĂŎʭŞŃ È K y X ˎ ˓ ˓ ˓ ˎ è ˎ ˏ ˎ L ˒ ˎ ˓ q ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨Ăğù˨䥪ĸŃùŗ ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕äńŞńď ˨´ʭģ˨Ő˙Ŀ˨łĐŊù˨ŌŘŞŊù˨ÜŊė µ ˓ ˑ ˏ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˨˨˨łĐŊù˨ŌŘŰ ĂŎʭŞŃ ¸ ˍ ˎ é ˎ ˎ ç ´ ˎ ãĚþÝ ˨˨ĚŰĘÏʭőęʭÞőù ˔Ûęĕ ˨˨˔ʶʼ˨ʯðþő˕˨ʭýîŎ˨Ŕˑ ýę˨ä˨ Ŋóˑ˨ĘĔăù È ? ½ L U ˨ŏí˨äáĕĚĄĠá r O ´ O ˨ʯĂŎʭŞŃ˨ěŗę˨ûùĘķ ¶ ˍ ˓ ˎ ˏ ç ˎ ˏ ˓ ˎ ¾ ˨ŗ˨Ěģ˨äáĕĚĄĠá ˨ʭŎŘŰ˨ŏŘĿʭĔŰ˨ŗ˨ęĘŒŊʭý˨ŏŘĿŘŰ L ˑ ˑ V ˨ŗ˨ĂĤďŗ˨ʯʼnŘŕ ˍ ˍ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˏ è ˎ ˎ ˨˨˨ùĚŞİĄĠŎ ˨˨ ˒ ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕˨ûùĘķ ˨ ˨˨ùĚŞİĄĠŎ˨ˬĚģ˨ŏʭÝ ˨Ōʭ˙ă˨ãĖď˨Ŕý ˨˨˨˔Ûęĕ ˨˨˔ʺ˨ʯŏʭĠőù˕ ˨ùę˨ŏʭ˙ğí˨ŗ˨ŐŞŎě ˨˨˨ʯĖŒÝä˨ Ŏ˨ĚÏ ˨˫ěŘď ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ´ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āęʭþķ ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ äőŘőʭÝ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˏ ˓ ˓ ˏ ç ˎ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˏ ç ˎ ˎ ˨ŗ˨ŐŞŎě˨ŐĄĿʭÞģ ˨äĿʭŎ˨ŏĖģù˨Ėċ ˨ōŖŒķ˨ĩęšù˨łńĤă˨ŌŘŰ ˨łńĤă˨Ōˎ Ř˓ Ű ː ˎ ˎ ː ˓ ˎ ˎ ˍ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˨˨ ˨ĕʭĠċù˨ŏĖģù˨Ėċ ˨äŋÝ˕ŐŞŎě˨ĚŞ˙ĬŊù ˨ĚŞĠŰ˨ʭŒŞŋķ˨ĚĤď˨ÜŊˑė˨ʭķùĚğˑ ˨˨˨ĩę˨˓šù ˨˨ŏí˨ěù ˨˔Ûęĕ˨˛ýʭŃ ˨˨˨˔ʷʷ˨ʯŁ˕ ˨ŗ˨ŐŞŎě˨ŔÝ˨ěŗę ˎ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˓ ˓ ˏ ç ˎ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˏ ç ˏ ˨ ˨˨ĂĔğ˨ʭŕˬ˨ŘÝ ˨ˬĚŖ×˨ĚŞŞļă˨ ˨ĩˑ ęšù˨ĚŞĻ˨ĩęšù˨ʼnĖþă˨ŌŘŰ ˨ʼnĖþˎ ă˨Ōˎ Ř˓ Ű ˓ ç ˏ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˏ ç ˎ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˨˨ ˨ ˨˨ĖŰí˨äŎęĕ˨ˬěĚŊ˨Ŕý ˨˛ýʭŃ˨äŋÝ˕ŐŞŎě ˨Ėˑ ďˑ ùŘŊù˨Ŕˑ ŋŊˑ˨ùŗěĚý˨ŗ˨āùŗʭ˙ĠŊù˨ŗ ˨˨˨ĩę˓šù ç ˎ ˓ ˨ ˨˨ōŊʭķ˨ŗ ˔Ûęĕ ˨˨˔ʷʻ˨ʯōŞŕùĚýù˕˨ęˑ ʭŖńŊù ˨˨ŏŘáĚáĕ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˓ ç ˨āʭŞď˨ěŗę˨ʯěŗę˨ŏí ˨ùĘŖĿ˨Ćˑ ĸþŊù˨Ōˑ ˨ŘŰ˨ä˨ Ŋóˑ˨Ŕˑ ŋŊù˨ûˑ ʭĄÝˑ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨äŋÝ˕ŐĄĔŞâőùĚý ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˏ ç ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˨˨˨Ćˑ ĸþŊù˨ŌŘŰ ˨ěù˨Ėĸý˨äŎŘ˙ķ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ť˨ōĄŒÝ˨ōÞŒÞˑ Ŋ˨ŗ˨Ćˑ ĸþŊù˨ŌŘŰ ˨˨ãĚþÝ ˨˨˔Ûęĕ˨˛ýʭŃ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˨˨Ăğù˨ßĚŎ ˨˨˔ʸʹ˨ʯŌŗę˕˨ŏŘ˙ˏ ŋĸ˓ ă y L § m ³ « } ® L q µ ˨ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ˨ãęʭĄēʭğ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āʭŰí˨ ʵ ʷ m ³ « , S L ½ ¾ t ³ µms´/±µn/}«L`±K/PXWL/O mqKmqKr/«³m¶/ªgrqmUL/½?È®¡r±sKµqLXyK°½K s z X L ¯ UKqLX/yK/½rsKn/±³Knk¶/¡V/yKµn/?V/L¾µqLOqm¬½r¡¯?rUL½?qmmq´ S ¾ n/±³KnkUL/½?°/½Kqm V/yKµmr/¡È/rm´/k¯L/PLl¶/OKqV/L¾s³qw´®ª L S È ³q¶/O³q×mL/r/±sK¯?L/Om´/kr/®§´/qm¯L/¸_«mr/¶/¡È[mK´gLOKqVL¾ ×Kr//O,N//¾`¶//K³¯?qmL//Wµmr//¡r//¾PW,n//±Kµmr¡x//®©Kq¯?L//½n±Kµn//} ¨/OL¨/½oer/}¶/O§³n/_qmmq´/µms´/±¶/Æk mr½p/SUq´/rWV /gKq«mr/ VyKÈyqrO ˨˫ěŘď ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ˨ ˨ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āęʭþķ ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ ˨ ˨äőŘőʭÝ ˎ Ä ˎ ˏ ˓ ç ˏ ˎ ˨˨˔ʷ˨ʯŔĸŃùŗ˕˨ʭċę˨ĩęšù˨Ăˑ ċę˨ùėóˑ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˏ ˎ ç ˏ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˨ʭŖĸþĄă˨˨Āŀċˑ ùĚŊù ˨ľċĚă ˨ŌŘŰ ˏ ˎ ˨˨ʭċę ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ŗ˨ŏĖŰěĚŊ ˨˨˔ʺ ʹ˨ʯāʭķěʭő˕˨ĀĿĕˑ ùĚç Ŋù ˨˨˔ĝŘ˙ŋŎ˕˨ʭċę ĂŎʭŞŃ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˏ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˨˨Ŕŀċùę ˨˨ãĚþÝ ˨˨ŐŞŎě˨ŏĖŞýŘÝō˨ ŕęĕ ˨ŗ˨ʼnʭþČˑ Ŋù˨ŗ˨ĩęšù˨ľċĚă˨ŌŘŰ ˍ ˎ ˍ ˎ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˨ŦŞŖŎ˨ʭþŞĈÝ˨ʼnʭþČˑ Ŋù˨Ăˑ őʭÝ ˨˨˔ʴʷ˨ʯ˛ŎĜŎ˕ ˨ęĖŃ˨ŏí˨äŒĸŰ ˨ĂĔğ˨ŏí˨ąĕùŘď ˨ˬĖŒŒÝĂ˨ ďùęʭő˨ŗ ˨ʭŖŒă˨Ŕő˨ŔÝ˨Ăğù ˍ ˓ ˎ ˍ ˏ ˎ ˍ ˓ é ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ç ˨ʭŎŘŰ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ěŗę˨ŏí˨ęĕ˨ʭŕŏ˨ ʭĠőù ˨ōŕęĕ˨ùę˨ġùŔ˨ ĿʭŞŃ ˨ʭğŘþķ˨ʭŎŘŰ˨ʭŒýę˨ŐŎˑ ˨ĽʭĔő˨ʭőóˑ ˍ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˍ ˎ ˎ ˨˨˨ʭğŘþˏ ķˎ ãĚþÝ ˨ŔÞŋý˨ʯĖőùĝ˨ Řþķ ˨˨˔ĝŘ˙ŋŎ˕˨ˬĖŞĤÝ ˨˨˔ʴʳ˨ʯŏʭĠőù˕˨ùĚŰĚİ˙˓ Ń ˨ěŗę˨ŏí˨ĕŘē˨äŰŘá W h ˨ùę˨ġùŔ˨ ĿʭŞŃ˨ĜŞő ª ¾ ¨ ³ O r ˨ˬĖŞĤÝ˨ōŕęĕ˨ĂĔğ q y È K ˨˨Ăğù˨Ăďùęʭő˨ŗ y X L q ˎ ˓ ˎ ç ˏ ˏ µ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˨ġùĚŀŊʭÝ˨ĝʭŒŊù˨ŏŘÞŰ˨ŌŘŰ ˑ ¸ ´ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˓ È ˨ěŗę˨ŏí˨ęĕ˨ŏʭŎĚČŎ ˨ãʭŕŔ˨ őùŗĚÏ ˨˨˔ʷ˨ʯŔķęʭŃ˕˨ąŘĈþ˙Ŋù ? ˎ ˓ ˑ ½ L ˨ġùĚˎ ŀŊù ˏ ˎ U ˑ ˓ ˎ é ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˓ è r ˨ęŗĕ˨ŔőùŗĚÏ˨ĖŒőʭ˙ŕ ˨ŗ˨ˬĖŒÝùĚÏ ˨ŗ˨ŔŎï˨ŗ˨ŔŞēï˨ŐŎ˨´Ě˙Ŋù˨ĚŀŰ˨ŌŘŰ O ˏ ˓ ˑ ˑ ˑ ˑ ´ ˨ŗ˨ąŘĈþ˓ ˙ˎ Ŋù ĂŎʭŞŃ ˎ ˑ é ˏ O ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ¶ ãĚþÝ ˨ŏùĚŞď˨ĂŊʭď˨ęĕ˨Ģăí ˨ŏĕĚÝę˨ùĚĿ ˨˛ÞŊ˨ŔŞŒý˨ŗ˨ŔĄþďʭħ˨ŗ˨ŔŞýï ˑ ˑ ˑ ˑ ˑ ˑ ¾ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ L è ˨˨˨ĚŀˑŰ˨ŌŘŰ ˓ ː ˓ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˓ ˓ V ˓ ˓ ˨˨ĖŒĄĠŕ˨äőùĕĚáĚğ˨ŗ ˨˨˔ĝŘ˙ŋŎ˕ ˨Ŕˑ ŞŒļŰ˨ŏðģ˨ʶ øˑŎŘŰ˨ōŖŒŎˑ ˨õ¶ Ěˑ Ŏù ˨˨˔ʶʺ ʶʷ˨ʯĞþķ˕ ˍ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˏ ç ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ʭŎŘŰ˨ōăĚŀÝ˨ŏóˑ˨ŏŘńĄă˨ľŞÞĿ ˨˨ ˨˨ ˨˨˔ĝŘ˙ŋŎ˕˨ãĚŞÏ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˍ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˓ ãĚþÝ ˨˨˔ʴʺ˨ʯ˛ŎĜŎ˕˨ʭþŞģ˨ŏùĖŊŘˑ Ŋù˨˛ĸČŰ ˨˫ěŘď ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ˨ ˨ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āęʭþķ ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ ˨ ˨äőŘőʭÝ ˨Ăğù˨ŏʭ˙ğí˨ŔĐŀħ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˏ ç ˏ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ęʭČŀőù˨Ěćù˨Ěý˨ŔÝ ˨ŔĄēùĖá˨ĜŋĿ ˨˛Ŗ˙ŊʭÝ˨´ʭ˙ĠŊù˨ŏŘÞă˨ŌŘŰ ˨˨˨˛Ŗ˓ ˙ˏ Ŋù ĂŎʭŞŃ ˑ ˑ ãĚþÝ ˨ĜŋĿ˨āęŘħ˨Ŕý˨āùĚÝ ˔ĝŘ˙ŋŎ˕ ˨˨˔ʻ˨ʯĉęʭĸŎ˕ ˨˨ĖŰíä˨ Ŏęĕ˨ŔĄēùĖá ˓ ˏ ç ˎ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˎ ç ˏ ː ˎ ː ˎ ˎ ˨ōŒŖċ˨ōŕùŗðŎ˨ōć˨˛ŞŋˑŃ˨ĵʭĄŎ ˨Ğˎ ø˓ý ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨Ėý˨ōŒŖċ˨ŗ ˑ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˔ĝŘ˙ŋŎ˕ˬʭáęùĚŃ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ ˨˨ĕʭŖ˙ˑ Ŋù˨Ğøýˑŗ ˨˨˨ĕʭŖ˙ˑ Ŋù ãĚþÝ ˨˨Ăğù˨äŕʭâŎùęí ˨˨˔ʴʼʺ˨ʯŏùĚ˙ķʼn˨ í˕ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˨ŌŘŞŊù˨ÜĠˑ ŀŒý˨äŀÝ˨ÜýʭĄÝˑ ˨ïĚŃù ˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕĚÝ˨Ăþć ˑ ˍ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˨˨˔ʴʷ˨ʯ´ùĚğù˕˨ʭþŞĠˑ ď˨ÜŞŋķ ˓ ˨ŏĖőùŘē˨ŗ˨ŐĄģŘő ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˨ïĚŃù ˨ŐŞŎˑ ĚČ˙Ŋù˨ãĚĄĿ˨ûʭĄÞˑ Ŋù˨Ķīˑ ŗŗ ˨ãùŔ˨ ýĚČă˨ʯŔŎʭő ˨ŗ˨ŏĖőùŘē ˑ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˏ ˎ ç ˎ ˓ ˏ ˨˨˨ÜýʭĄÝˑ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ʭŰ˨ŏŘ˨ŊŘńŰŗ˨Ŕˑ ŞĿˑ ˨ʭ˙Ŏˑ ˨ŐŞńˑŀˑ ĤŎ ˨ŔŰí˨ŐŰù˨ęĕ˨ŔÝ˨Ăğù ˨ŔŎʭő˨ŏĕĚÝě˨ʭý ĂŎʭŞŃ ˎ ˏ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˨Ķīˑ ŗ ãĚþÝ ˨ęĕˑ ʭļŰ˨ť˨ûˑ ʭĄÞˑ Ŋù˨ùĘŖŊˑ˨ʭŎ˨ʭŒĄŋŰŗ ˨ʼnʭ˙ķù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ęĕ ˔ĝŘ˙ŋŎ˕ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ç ˍ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˍ ˎ ˎ ˨˨˨ûʭĄÞˑ Ŋù ˨ʭŕʭĨďï˨ťóˑ˨ÿĚŞþˑÝ˨ťŗ˨ÿĚŞļˑ ħ ˨ŔĄĿę˨ęʭÝ˨Ŕý˨ŏʭĠőù y ˎ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˏ ˎ L ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ § ˨ťŗ˨ùĚˍ īʭď˨ùŘŋ˙ķ˨ʭŎ˨ùŗĖċŗŗ ˑ ˑ m ³ « ˨˨Ăğù ˎ ˓ ˍ ˎ ˎ è ˏ } ˎ ® ˨˨˔ʷʼ˨ʯľŖÝ˕˨ùĖďï˨Üýę˨ōŋĴŰ L ˑ q µ m ˓ ˎ ˎ Ä ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˏ ³ é ˎ « ˎ , ˨ĖńŊ˨ʭŀħ˨Üýę˨äŋķ˨ùŘīĚķŗ S L ˑ ½ ˎ ¾ ˎ ˎ t ˎ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˓ ç ç ˓ ˎ ˏ ³ ˨ÿĚŎ˨ʼnŗï˨ōÝʭŒńŋē˨ʭ˙Ý˨ʭőŘ˙Ą˨øċ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ŐĄĠý˨ľħ ¶ s Ä ˎ ˑ ˨˨ʭŀħ ˨˨ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˎ z ˎ ˎ ç ˓ X ˓ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˎ L ¯ ãĚþÝ ˔ĝŘ˙ŋŎ˕ ˨ōÞŊ˨˛ĸČő˨ŐŊï˨ōĄ˙ķě˨˛ý ˍ ˓ ˎ ˨˨˔ʷʻ˨ʯľŖÝ˕˨ùĖķˑ ŘŎ S ¾ L S È ˨ʭý˨ʭŕŏ˨ ʭĠőù ˏ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˨ŌŘŰ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ŗ˨ûʭĠď˨ŏˑ ʭâĄģĚĿ ˨āʭŃŦŎ ˨ŌŘŰ˨ęĘˑ ŒŞŊˑ˨ˬˑ ĕˑ ʭþķˑ ˨ŐŎˑ ˨´ʭĤŰ˨ŐŎ ˒ ĂŎʭŞŃ ç ˨˨˨Łˑ ŦĄŊù ãĚþÝ ˨ĚŀŞÝ˨ŗ˨ġùĕʭÏ ˨˨˔ĝŘ˙ŋŎ˕ŏĕĚÝ ˨˨˔ʴʸ˨ʯĚĿʭĻ˕˨Łˑ Ŧ˨ĄŊù ˨˨Ėőęùĕ˨äŃŦă ˨˫ěŘď ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ˨ ˨ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āęʭþķ ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ ˨ ˨äőŘőʭÝ ˨ʯĚĤĐŎ˨ŔŒĐħ˨ęĕ ˨ùĖħ˨ùę˨ĚâŰĖÞŰ˨ŌĕĚŎ ˨ōŕ˨ěù˨ŗ˨ĖŒőěä˨ Ŏ ˨ĖŒŕùŘēä˨ Ŏ˨Ü˙Ý ˎ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˏ é ˓ ˎ ˎ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ŏĕěùĖħ ˨ŌŘŰ˨ōÞŞŋķ˨Ľʭēï˨äőóˑ˨Ōˑ ŘŃ˨ʭŰ˨ŗ ˨˨ ˨ŏʭâĄģĚĿ˨ŔÝŐ˨ Űù˨ʭŰ ĂŎʭŞŃ ç ãĚþÝ ˨˨˔ĝŘ˙ŋŎ˕ ˨˨˔ʶʵ˨ʯĚĿʭĻ˕˨ĕˑ ʭŒĄŊù ˨ûʭĠď˨ãùĚý˨ùę˨ŌĕĚŎ ˨ŌĕĚŎ˨ŗ˨ĖŒőěä˨ Ŏ˨ùĖħ ˨ãùĚý˨ùę˨ŏʭâĄģĚĿ ˨˨˖ĕùĖ˙Ąğù ˎ è ˎ ˨ˬĚŎě˨ęĕ˨ŏʭĐŊʭħ ˨ˬː Řċˏ ŗˏ ˨ĕè Řˎ Ġ˓ ă˨ŗˎ ˨ˬː Řċˏ ŗˏ ˨ĪŞþ˓ ă˨Ōˎ Ř˓ Ű ˎ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˏ ˏ ˏ ˓ ç ˎ ˓ ˎ ç ç ˎ è ˨ĖŒĄĠŕ˨ŏùĖŞŀğŗę ˨ï˨ōŖŕŘċŗ˨āĕŘğù˨ŐŰĘŊù˨ʭŎðĿ ˨ŗ˨ĪŞˎý˓ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ãĖŞŀğ˨ŗ˨äŕʭŞğ ˏ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˨ŗ˨ĚŀÝ˨˛ŕù˨Ōʭ˙ă˨ŗ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ùŘ˨ŃŗĘĿ˨ōÞőˑʭ˙Űó˨Ėĸý˨ōăĚŀÝ ˨˨ĕùŘğ ãĚþÝ ˨˨˔ĝŘŎʭŎ˕ āęŘħ ˎ ˏ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˨ľħ˨ęĕ˨ŏʭŎĚČŎ ˨ŏŗĚŀÞă˨ōĄŒÝ˨ʭ˙ýˑ˨ûùĘĸŊù W h ˨˨ŏʭŰŗęŔ˨ Şğ ˨˨˔ʴʳʹ˨ʯŏùĚ˙ķʼn˨ í˕ ª ¾ ¨ ³ O r ˨ãęʭŞĠý˨ŏùĖŕʭģ q y È K ˨ʯōŞĴķ˨ˬʭáĕùĕ˨ŏí˨ęĕ y X L q µ ˨āĕʭŖģ˨ãùĕù ˏ ˎ ˎ ç ˎ ˏ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˎ ç ¸ ˎ ˏ ˏ ´ ˨ùŘŒŎí˨ŐŰĘŊù˨˨ŗ˨ʭŒŋğę˨ĚĨŒŒŊ˨ʭőó ˏ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˑ È ˨ŌŘńŰ˨ŌŘŰ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨äăĕʭŖģ˨ʯĖŒŒÝä˨ Ŏ ? ˏ ˓ è ˓ ½ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ L ˎ ˓ ˨˨˔ĝŘ˙ŋŎ˕āĕʭŖģ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ŌŘńŰ˨ŌŘŰ˨ŗˎ ˨ʭŞőĖŊù˨ÿʭŞĐŊù˨äĿ U ˓ ˑ ˑ ˏ ˨˨˨ĕʭŖģšù ãĚþÝ ˨ŗ˨ŗĚýí˨ŔŰʭŎ˨ŔÝ r ˎ O ˏ ˓ ˓ ´ ˨˨˔ʸʴ˨ʯĚĿʭĻ˕˨ĕʭŖģšù O ¶ ˨ŗ˨ʯŏʭŒŎòŎ˨ęʭĔĄĿù ¾ L ˒ V ˨ĂŊė˨ŗ˨äŰùŘğę ˨˨Ăğù˨ŏʭŎĚČŎ ˓ ˓ ˎ ˏ ˓ ˏ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ãùęùĕ˨ˬŘÝ˨ˬĖģŌ˨ Ěő ˨ˬĖģ˨ˬĕě˨ōĤÏ ˨Őˑ Ŗĸˑ ŊʭÝ˨ʼnʭþČˑ Ŋù˨ŏŘÞă˨ŗ ˨˨˨ŐŖĸˑ Ŋù ĂŎʭŞŃ ˑ ãĚþÝ ˨˨ōÞĐĄĠŎ˨ãʭŕˬ˨ĚĔħ ˨˨˔ĝŘ˙ŋŎ˕ ˨˨˔ʼ˨ʯĉęʭĸŎ˕ ˨ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ˨äĄŖċ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù˨āʭŰí˨ ʶ ʷ ¶/Xr¥rOqmUr/k?¶®ª¡m´_³NPy¶OVL¾«´¸LOKq×mL½sUL½?µqLXyK°½K ³ÈXkL²/}È Xz·µqLX/yK¶/OVP/z±×r/X®¡UL/®ª¡,¬¾·L/mKn/Wr/±sKL/K-V/yK ÅL/O³È/¢½mt±³×q³mUKqLXyKLOKqVL¾UL½?°½Kqmn±³Knk VyKKqKm×qLXkLy §³n/_qmÈX¸_UKqLXyK¶Æk¶¡VyKµmr¡Èr ³¤²·?´±³¯n}° ¾½LS³ VyKµn? ˨˫ěŘď ˨āęʭþķ ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ˨ ˨ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ ˫ęʭĸĄğù ˨ ˨äőŘőʭÝ ˏ ˓ ˓ ˎ è ˓ ˏ ˎ ˏ ˏ ˎ ˏ ˏ ˏ ˨Üŋ˙ˏ Ŋù˨Ŕˏ Ŋ˨ŗˎ ˨łĐˎ Ŋù˨Ŕˏ ŊŘ˓ Ń˨ŏŘÞŞĿ˨Ő˓ Ý˨ʼnŘńŰ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˏ è ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˨ŗ˨üˑ ŞļŊù˨ōŊˑʭķ˨ęˑ ŘĨŊù˨äĿˑ ˨ĒŀŒŰ˨ŌŘŰ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˎ ç ˨˨˔ʺʶ˨ʯŌʭĸőù˕˨ĚˏŞþĔŊù˨ōŞÞĐŊù˨Řŕ˨ŗ˨ÿˑĕʭŖĤŊù ˓ ˏ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˨Őˎ ŞŎĚČ˓ ˙ˏ Ŋù˨Ěˏ ĤĐ˓ ő˨ŗˎ ˨ęŘĨè Ŋù˨äĿ˨ĒŀŒ˓Ű˨Ōˎ Ř˓ Ű ˑ ˑ ˑ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˍ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˨äĿ˨Ēŀő ˨ġ˨ Řá˨ŗ˨ĖŒă˨àŒŕí ˨ŗ˨ĵŘő ˨˨˔ʴʳʵ˨ʯŔį˕˨ʭŃę˓ě˨ʶ øˑŎŘŰ è ˓ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˎ è ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˨˨˨ęˑ ŘĨŊù ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ʯĕęùĕ˨ŔÝ˨ä˨ ģùĚē ˨äâőŘâ× ˨äĿˑ ˨ŐŎ˨ĵĜˑ ŀĿ˨ęˑ ŘĨŊù˨äĿˑ ˨ĒŀŒŰ˨ŌŘŰ˨ŗ ĂŎʭŞŃ y ç ç ˎ ˓ L ç ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ç § ˓ ˎ ˨˨ĀēʭĨŊù ãĚþÝ ˨ĚŞćðă˨ĂĐă˨ùę˨ŏʭĠőù ˨ŏĖģę˨ùĖŞý ˨´ʭģ˨ŐŎ˨ťó˨ĩęšù˨äĿˑ ˨ŐŎ˨ŗ˨āùŗʭ˙ĠŊù m ˑ ˑ ˑ ³ « ˎ ç ˎ ˎ ç ˎ ˏ ˎ å ˏ ˏ } ˓ ˎ ® ˨˨˨ĀĐŞĨŊù ˨˨Ėŕĕä˨ Ŏ˨ęùĚŃ ˨˨ĚþŃ˨ěù ˨˨˔ʻʺ˨ʯ˛˙ő˕˨ŐŰĚēùĕ˨ˬŘăï˨˛Ý˨ŗ˨ŔŋŊù L ˑ q µ ˎ ˓ m ˍ ˓ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˓ ³ è ˎ ˓ « , ˨˨˔ʴʻ˨ʯðþő˕˨ʭċùŘĿï˨ŏŘăðĄĿ˨ęŘĨŊù˨äĿ˨ĒŀŒŰ˨ŌŘŰ ˑ S L ˑ ½ ¾ t ç ç ˎ ˎ ³ ˨˨˔ʶʶ˨ʯĞþķ˕˨ĀēʭĨŊù˨āˑ ´ʭċ˨ùėôĿ s ˑ z ˓ X ˏ ˓ ˎ é ˎ ˎ ˎ ç ˎ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˓ L ¯ ˨ŌŘŰ˨ÜŊˑė˨łĐŊʭý˨ĀĐŞĨŊù˨ŏŘĸ˙ĠŰ˨ŌŘŰ ˑ ˏ ˓ ˏ ˨˨˔ʷʵ˨ʯŁ˕˨ĉŗĚĔŊù S ¾ ˑ L S È ˨ãùŔ˨ őʭáˬ˨ʭČŒÏ˨ľŃùŘŎ ˨ľŃùŘŎ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˏ è ˎ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˨ŐŞĠˑ ˙ē ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ęĕ˨ÜŰĚŕ˨ŔÝ ˨ŏʭÝ˨Ō¶ ŘŰ˨ä˨ Ŀ˨Ŕˑ ŞŊóˑ˨čŗĚŊù˨ŗ˨ĀÞ÷ˑŦ˙Ŋù˨ĉĚĸă ˎ ˓ ˎ ˨Ŕőʭáˬ˨ʭČŒÏ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ˏ ˓ ˨˨˨ľŊù ãĚþÝ ˨ʼnʭğ˨ęùĜŕ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨˨˔ʷ˨ʯĉęʭĸŎ˕˨Ā¶ Œğ˨ľŊï˨ŐŞĠ˙ē˨ˬęˏùĖńŎˑ ˨˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨˨ĖĤÝä˨ Ŏ˨ʼnŘį ˨˫ěŘď ˨āęʭþķ ˨Ŕ˙ŋÝ ˨ ˨ïĖþŎ˨˫ěŘď äŎŘŖŀŎ˨˫ęʭĸĄğù ˨ ˨ĕʭŒĄğù˨ĕęŘŎ˨ŔŰí ˨ ˨ĖĨńŎ ˫ęʭĸĄğù ˨ ˨äőŘőʭÝ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˏ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˓ ˎ ˨ŔØőí˨ěù˨ĢŞý˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ãĖŊ˨ûŘŋńŊù˨ėˑ óˑ˨Āˑ Ŀěş˓ ù˨ŌŘŰ˨ōŕęĘˑ őï˨ŗ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ĕŘýÜ˨ ŰĕĜő ˑ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ç ˎ ˎ ˓ ˨˨˨Ŕˑ Ŀěťù˨ŌŘŰ ˨ĖŒŒÝ˨äŎ˨ĚÞĿ˨ŌĕĚŎ ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨ō¶ Ş˙ď˨ŐŎˑ ˨ŐŞ˙ŊˑʭĴŋŊˑ˨ʭŎ˨ŐŞ˙ijˑ ʭÝ˨Ěċˑ ʭŒĐŊù ˑ ãĚþÝ ˨˨ĂŎʭŞŃ˨ŏ ˑ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˨˨Ăğù˨ÜŰĕĜő ˨˨˔ʴʻ˨ʯĚĿʭĻ˕˨ĵʭİŰ˨Ķ¶ Şŀģ˨ť˨ŗ ˎ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ è ˏ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˓ ˨ōŋij˨ť˨ĂþĠÝ˨ʭ˙ýˑ˨ж ŀő˨˛Ý˨ã˨ ĜČă˨ŌŘŞŊù ˓ ˏ ˎ ˎ ç ç ˎ ˓ ˓ ˨˨˔ʴʺ˨ʯĚĿʭĻ˕˨ûʭĠĐˑ Ŋù˨ĶŰĚğ˨ŔŋŊù˨ŏóˑ˨ŌŘŞŊù ˏ ˏ ç ˎ ˏ ˎ ˎ ç ː ˎ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˨ŔŋŊù˨ŗ˨ùŘþĠÝ˨ʭ˙Ŏˑ ˨üŞĨő˨ōŖŊ˨ÜøˑŊŗï ˓ ˏ ˎ ˨˨˔ʵʳʵ˨ʯˬĚńý˕˨ûˑ ʭĠĐˑ Ŋù˨ĶŰĚğ ˏ ˎ ˎ ç ç ˎ ç ˓ ˏ ˓ ˓ ˎ ˎ ˨ĶŰĚğ˨ŔŋŊù˨ŏôˑĿ˨Ŕˑ ŋŊù˨āˑ ʭŰîýˑ˨ĚŀÞŰ˨ŐŎ˨ŗ ˓ ˨˨˔ʴʼ˨ʯŏùĚ˙ķʼn˨ í˕˨ûˑ ʭĠĐˑ Ŋù ˎ ˏ ˎ ç ç ˓ é ˎ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˓ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˍ ˨ĵŘő ˨ŔŋŊù˨ŏó˨ōŖýęˎ˨ĖŒķˑ ˨ōŕĚˏ ċï˨ōŖŊ˨ÜøˑŊŗï˨˚ ˏ ˎ ˑ ˑ ˨ĶŰĚğ ˨ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨äáĖŞğę˨ęĕ˨ĂķĚğ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˓ ˨ûʭĠď ĂŎʭŞŃ ˨˨˔ʴʼʼ˨ʯŏùĚ˙ķʼn˨ í˕˨ûˑ ʭĠĐˑ Ŋù˨ĶŰĚğ ˨˨˨ûʭĠĐŊù ˨˨ãĚþÝ ˨˨˨ûʭĠď˨Ŕý ˑ ˑ ˓ ˏ ˎ ˎ ç ç ˎ ç ˏ ç ˎ ˨˨äğę ˨˨˔ʷ˨ʯˬĖ÷ʭŎ˕˨ûˑ ʭĠĐˑ Ŋù˨ĶŰĚğ˨ŔŋŊù˨ŏóˑ˨ŔŋŊù˨ùŘńăù˨ŗ ˓ é ˏ ç ˨Řˎ ŕˏ ˨ŗˎ˨˨Ŕ˙ÞĐˏ Ŋ˨üˎ ńĸˎ Ŏˏ ˨ť˨ōˏ ÞĐ˓ Ű˨Ŕˏ ŋŊù˨ŗˎ W ˑ ˑ ˑ h ª ¾ ˓ ˏ ˎ ¨ ˨˨˔ʷʴ˨ʯĖķę˕˨ûʭĠĐŊù˨ĶŰĚğ ³ ˑ O ˑ r q ˎ ç ç ˓ ˎ ˓ ˎ ç ˏ ˏ ç y ˎ ˎ ˓ È ˨ŔŋŊù˨ŏó˨ĂþĠÝ˨ʭŎ˨Ğŀő˨˛Ý˨ŔŋŊù˨ãĜČŞŊ ˑ K ˑ ¶ ˑ y X ˓ L ˏ ˎ q ˨˨˔ʸʴ˨ʯōŞŕùĚýù˕˨ûʭĠĐŊù˨ĶŰĚğ µ ˑ ˑ ¸ ˏ ç ˏ ç ˎ ˎ ˓ ˎ ç ˎ ˎ ´ ˎ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˏ ˎ ˎ ˨ŔŋŊù˨ŗ˨ŔýʭĠďˑ ˨ˬʭĿŘĿ˨ˬĖŒķˑ ˨ŔŋŊù˨Ėċŗ˨ŗ È ? 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½ L U r O ´ O ¶ ¾ L V OL²Vyr¸ ¬½r¡¯?r qmLqKmr~±U³r¾O §³KQLcŦƅƣƹŤƿťƋƹ «r¢°On®h,q´²° OK È´/¸µqLX/yKÈ/yqrO L/WÈ/O È/ª,×s³q´/±³-¶¾,¨¥ÈOL¾L¡-Ȫqn¾g,Ȳ¾K LJƿťŨƆLJƼɔƅȕƿŘƅƱͳƺƽƍɔťƾDžǀɕƽLJƀŬʭťƲƽDŽƢLjƾŷƽqm,¶K³µq´yqmÈXkL²}ÈXz· L±È OL_È O ɓŨƅƢŦƀŤ ͳƽLjƨdžƮƽǃƄťƣůƨƊŤͳƨƊƄƅŨ L/WÈ/O ×s³q´/±È/ª³-¶/¾,¨/¥ÈOL¾L¡-Ȫqn¾g,Ȳ¾K ¶/zyD,È/²½m¯n/®W³¤/²·rÈ/ª®©K° ¾Oµr¦²¡°¾³m ƼɔƅȕƿŘƅƱƄƀśũǁǃƄLjƊɒƄťůžťƊ °¾P¤²·r¯Kr¾y ¬_r/XƼɕǂȕͳ ƨƽͳȢƁƨǁƆťƨDžƿ ŘťŨDŽȕɓɔťDžǃƄťƣůƊŤ ]r_,L¢¾©-qL,¯´z±L_ ¬ªr~±¯Kr¸W È®¾·KrOKL?r_L· y µL¥n/½mqmV/¾ªÈ´/¸×L·µqLX/yK n/®h,r/¸× n¾/y-n/¾g³,µmKs« mL/k L § m ³ « ,, È~·³vS È®ª¶L²ª L¢¾© } ŭžťǂƎ ® L q µ m ³ « nª_ ¯L¾O OLO,¶±Ksr³-rK,¶OmKm , ͳƽʮƊŤƫƄťƣƾƹŤŪƅŢŤƀ S L ½ ¾ t ³ https://www.cgie.org.ir/fa/article/229209 s z X L ¯ L/ r©KnP,µmKs° ¾/zgn®h³L/ qn®gK,×r¸/} ¯L½qn/¾g-n/¾®g,ȱL/Kr¥ ÈgLP/ S ¶½r/~± ÈXkL²} ÈyL²}¯ LOs mr¢½³q,µrOµq´y qm È´¸ µqLXyK ÈyqrO ¾ LJŦƀŤ L S È ,,ƿťŨƆ ¬/ §³KQL/cƄLjƨdžƞƅƨƓƢƄƀƿťƨɔƀŤŭɕƣƨƖLJƅŨͳƺƽťŮ ÈWr,×qLc×nP ÈÆyK¤²·r³«´ªµL¦~·³vS >L´©K¶zy´U³r¾O qK´±ÅKqLhO rLOn®h,Èzª` ¶¾ÆyÅKNX¢©KqKm¯Kr¸W ¬·mQLcDŽǁLjƾǁƅɕƋƮŮ rL±,ÇsKr¾}«qL¢ º¾ÆyÅKNX¢©KqKm¯Kr¸W ¬¸±QLcƿŘƅƱƻťɕǫ rL±,ÇsKr¾}«qL¢ È®ª¶L²ª ¯´z±L_³L¢¾©µL¥n½msKÈ´¸µqLXyK¶½r± µr·s,È®}L· ,ǒŐͳDžLJȊǫŦ ƀŤÈ~·³vS r~±¶_qLkq´KUqKs³¯Kr¸W ×r·L¶±Ksr¬_rXǃƄťƣůƨƊŤ x±rW,x¡³L· t¡r 14. Lakoff, George. (1992). The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor. In Ortony, Andrew (ed.). Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. W h ª ¾ ¨ ³ O r q y È K y X L q µ ¸ ´ È ? ½ L U r O ´ O ¶ ¾ L V References 1. Abdi Chari, M. (1394 AP). Reflections on the Situation of Religions in the Age of Emergence. Qom: Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy. [In Persian] 2. Amini, H. A., Kamyabi Gol, A., & Nowruzi, A. (n.d.). A study of the structural conceptual metaphor of Surah An-Naba in the Holy Quran. The Second International Congress of Religious Culture and Civilization. Mobin Culture Ambassadors Institute. [In Persian] 3. Amini, H. A., Kamyabi Gol, A., & Nowruzi, A. (n.d.). Examining the ontological conceptual metaphor in Surah Al-Waqi'a. Proceedings of the Second National Conference on the Holy Quran and Arabic Language and Literature. n.p. [In Persian] 4. Dadbeh, Asghar; and Farzaneh, Babak. (1399). Expression. Islamic Encyclopedia (Vol. 13). Retrieved from https://www.cgie.org.ir/en/article/229209. [In Persian] 5. Hashemi, Z. (1389 AP). Conceptual Metaphor Theory as Proposed by Lakoff and Johnson. Adab Pazhuhi, 2(19), pp. 119-139. [In Persian] y L § m ³ 6. Hawkes, T. (1377AP). Metaphor (F. Taheri, Trans.). Tehran: Ministry of « } ® L q µ Foreign Affairs. [In Persian] m ³ « , S L 7. Ibn Manzur. (1999 AH). Lisan al-Arab. Beirut: Dar Sader. [In Arabic] ½ ¾ t ³ s 8. Johnson, M; Likoff, G. (1394 AP). The metaphors we live with (Translator: z X L ¯ Hajar Agha Ebrahimi). Tehran: Alam Publishing. [In Persian] S ¾ L 9. Khademzadeh, V., & Saeedi Mehr, M (1393 AP). Conceptual metaphors of S È ’ causality in the Lakoff s view. Journal of Recognition, 2(71), pp. 7-34. [In Persian] 10. Lakoff, G. (1992). The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor. Metaphor and Thought (A. Ortony, Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 11. Majlisi, M. B. (1404 AH). Bharalanvar. Beirut: Al-Wafa Institute. . [In Arabic] 12. Makarem Shirazi, N. (1371 AP). Tafsir Nemooneh (10th ed.). Tehran: Dar al- Kotob al-Islamiya. [In Persian] 13. Makarem Shirazi, N. (1386 AP). Message of the Quran (9th ed.). Tehran: Dar al-Kotob al-Islamiya. [In Persian] 14. Sabahi Garaghani, H., Heidarian Shahri, A. R., & Mohammadhossienzadeh, A. R. (1395 AP) A Study of Conceptual Metaphor in Surah Baqarah. Journal @ of Prose Studies in Persian Literature, 19(39), pp. 85-108. In Persian] W h ª ¾ ¨ ³ O r q y È K y X L q µ ¸ ´ È ? ½ L U r O ´ O ¶ ¾ L V The Origin, Requirements, and Possibility of Interdisciplinary Studies in Relation to Islamic Sciences Nafiseh Faghihi Moghaddas1 Mohammad Reza Maleki Borujeni2 Received: 15/07/2020 Accepted: 10/04/2021 Abstract Interdisciplinary studies have recently become an important field of study in the West, affecting both education and research. In our country, some research institutions have been encouraging these studies for some time. The fundamental question is whether these studies can be pursued primarily in the field of Islamic sciences or not? What is its origin and requirements? This article examines the epistemological and non-epistemological existential origins of interdisciplinary as well as the intrinsic requirements and realization of interdisciplinary. The studies conducted in the present article show that it is possible to re-read and redefine interdisciplinary by considering its origin and requirements in the field of Islamic sciences; On the other hand, if we do not pay attention to the stated origins, we will undergo intellectual and cultural transformation in these studies and we will lose our scientific identity in the face of this type of knowledge. This article is written by analytical- comparative method. Keywords Interdisciplinary Studies, Islamic Sciences, Interdisciplinary Possibility, Interdisciplinary Origin, Interdisciplinary Requirements 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Ahl-al-Bait Studies Faculty of Theology and Ahl-al-Bait Studies University of Isfahan, Iran (Corresponding Author). [email protected] 2. Ph.D. Student, Department of Cultural policy, Baqir al-Olum University, Qom, Iran. [email protected] * Faghihi Moghaddas, N. & Maliki Borujeni. M. R. (2020). The Origin, Requirements, and Possibility of Interdisciplinary Studies in Relation to Islamic Sciences. Journal of Theology & Islamic Knowledge, 2(4). pp. 99-128. Doi: 10.22081/jikm.2021.58269.1038 ˨ęĕ˨äâĄģęŏ˨ ʭŞŎ˨āʭĸŊʭİŎ˨ŏʭÞŎù˨ŗ˨ʭŕ˨ŔĄĠŰʭý˨ʯ˫ʭâĄğʭē ˨ ˨äŎŦğù˨ŌŘŋķ˨ʭý˨ĂþĠő ÊÀmÁ]Ê°·Z»Z|¼v» |¬»ÊÆ̬§Ą̈¿ ˨ ˨ʴʷʳʳ ʳʴ ʵʴ˨ʲġĚŰĘÏ˨ĒŰęʭă˨ ˨˨ ˨ʴʶʼʼ ʳʷ ʵʸ˨ʲĂĿʭŰęĕ˨ĒŰęʭă µn¾¢c µs´/g¬·¶¡¶X~¥¨½nPWÈ®¸ÈWL©Lµs´g¶OMrqm¶¡VyK×n²cȦX}q¯ L¾UL©L sKÈkrO¶¡VyK×n²ct¾±Lq´~¡qm VyKµmKmqKrm´kr¾[BWVhWKq|·³vS¬·³{s´? 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Richmond: Curzon y L § m ³ « } ® L q µ m ³ « , S L ½ ¾ t ³ s z X L ¯ S ¾ L S È The Spiritual Place of "Rab" in the Qur'an Maryam Taherizadeh1 Received: 20/10/2020 Accepted: 24/04/2021 Abstract One of the divine names that has the most use in the Qur'an after the name of God is the word "Lord". The noble name "Lord" is a blessed and majestic name whose popularity with God, His prophets and saints is undeniable. This word is one of the words included in the Qur'an from the root "RBB". This word is used in the Qur'an in addition to the original meaning in another meaning; As in Arabic, it has other meanings in addition to the Qur'anic meaning. In this article, this word and its derivatives in the Holy Quran are examined in order to obtain different meanings and its spiritual place in the verses of the Holy Quran. By examining the verses, we find that this word in most cases means God Almighty, whose meanings according to the relevant verses are creation, revival, immortality, creational guidance, legislative guidance and mercy, and in a few cases it has been used in the meaning of non-God. . The use of this word in the meaning of God brings us to the semantic range of this word, so that all the meanings mentioned in this word are hidden and in each of the verses, according to the context, one of its meanings is emphasized. Keywords Quran, Lord, semantic range, spiritual status. 1. Instructor, Faculty of Quranic Sciences, Zabol, Iran. [email protected] * Taherizadeh, M. (2020). The Spiritual Place of "Rab" in the Qur'an. Journal of Theology & Islamic Knowledge, 2(4). pp. 130-163. 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Moscati, 1980, p. 10m´/}ȵmLX/yK¯?×L/·| ½´¥ ¯K´/WÈ ®±n/±nXÈ/krO¶/¡×K¶ /±´¥¶ O,V/yKµm´/O×mn/X³/ªXl×L/·| ½´¥ ¶/®¾±sKwqL/S×q´/WKrTKMr/qmÈ/Kq?¯L/Os Vr¥r±qm¯?×KrOqL¾È~½´¥ ³Rubin, 2010, pp. 18-19µm´/OÈ®/yq¯L/Os¯r/¶ym³ngqmmƾsK|¾S¬~}µny rOqmKq¯Kr½KMr³rLW°¾zª³È±´²¡¶½q´y§L®}sK¶¡¶X}Km×KµrXz¥¯L²c wn/ML/X¡sKȽL/·| lO³×m´/¸½wn/¯´XÈO{qL¦±qm³VyK¶Xr¥È _ L ½ ¦ L·« ´¥rWVOLX¡qm°¾²d®·³ §L¾±KmMLX¡³KqtMLX¡¯´d®· ¯L¾h¾z L µ ² ´ ¶/O Huehnergard, 1995, p. 2124V/yKµm´OµmLXyKmq´×m´¸½wn¯´XÈKq?×L·¶ ®_rW × q M ³È/Or¶kL/}³m¶/O¶/´®`°½K,ÈKq?×L·¯ LOsȽL¾Kr_¶²È¥mrXz¥V¸_ m q r ? L/½L/·¯ LOs,×mƾ/«³m¯r/L/Wmƾ/sK|¾/S«´/yµn/ysK V/yKµn}¬¾zWÈr} ¯ ³È/P±¯K´/Wȶ/ª®_¯?sK¶/¡n±Kµn/}N/~²È/Kq?¯L/OssKȪXl×L·| ½´¥ mr/O«L±Kq Èr}ÈKq?sKN~² ȱL½ry³ ÈOrÈKq?sKN~² ×r¾®©LS Moscati, 1980, pp. 10-12 Jastrow, vol -Dalman, 1901, pp. 377-378, 426m´_´ÈKq?×L·¤²·r°½rWrPXqm r/±¶ O¶¡n±Kµn}VL½È½L·µuK³Baumgartner, 1958, p. 389-2, pp. 1438-1444, 1694-1695 n/±qKmÈ/Or¯L/Osqm ´/Oq L½ NOq ×L·¶ ~½qL½ M6 q µuK³LOÈ¢½mt±n±´¾S,nyqÈ n²½?Èr½s§³n_qm¶X}L¦±K³?Uq´¶OL·µuK³°½KsKÈO ˨ ˨ʭŒĸŎ ˨ ˨äĿĚħ˨ŔŊŘńŎ ˨ ˨˫Ùùŗ ˨ ˨ľŰĕę ˨ʯĕʭĄğù˨ʯęʭáěŘŎí˨ʯŁŘĿʭŎ˨ Ėģęù˨ʯĞŞŰę˨ʯĚþŕę˨ʯęŗĚğ˨ʯßęĜý ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʴ ˨˨ĕʭŰě˨ʯŏùŗùĚĿ Rab59 ˨˨äŋýʭý˨ʹʳōŞ÷ùęŘŎù˨üńŊ ˑ ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʵ ˨˨ŐŎ˨ĕʭĄğù˨ ęʭáěŘŎí˨ʯŐŎ˨ęŗĚğ˨ʲäŋħù˨ãʭŒĸŎ Rab ˨˨ʹʴ˨ōŞ÷ʭŒă˨ˬÚŰŗ˨Ŕý˨ʯäŒŰĕ˨ŏùĖŒ˙Ĥőùĕ˨ŗ˨ʭ˙ŋķ˨üńŊ ˨˨Ăŀħ î ˨˨ʶ ˨˨äŒŞİĠŋĿ˨ōŞ÷ùęŘŎù˨ŗ Rabb ˨˨ʭŎ˨ĕˑ ʭĄğù˨ ęʭáěŘŎí ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʷ rabbi(/î)nu ˨˨ņäğŘŎ˨ãùĚý˨äĄŀħ ˨˨ĕʭĄğù˨ ęʭáěŘŎí˨ʯĞŞŰę˨ʯęŗĚğ ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʸ Rabbân ˨ĝęùĖŎ˨ãʭğñę˨ěù˨ãęʭŞĠý˨üńŊ˨ʯäŒŰĕ˨ŏùĖŒ˙Ĥőùĕ˨ãùĚý˨äþńŊ ˨˨Ăŀħ â ˨˨ʹ ˨˨ʹʵ˨˛ŋŞŕ˨ěù˨ĞÏ˨ŐŞİĠŋĿ˨äŒŰĕ Rabb n ˑ ˨ʯŏĕùĕġ˨ ęŗĚÏ˨ʯŏĕĚÝß˨ ęĜý˨ʯŏĖģß˨ ęĜý˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕŘýß˨ ęĜý ˨˨˛ĸĿ â ˨˨ʺ ˨˨ŏĖģĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʯŏĕĚÝĖ˨ ŞŊŘăʯŏĕĚÝĖģę Rib y L § ˨ŏĕŗĖőù˨ʯŏĕĚÝō˨ ÝùĚĄŎ˨ʯŏĕŘýĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʯŏĕĚÝĖ˨ ģę˨ʯŏĕŘýß˨ ęĜý m ³ « ˨˨˛ĸĿ ˨˨ʻ Rabab } ® ˨˨˔ŌĚ×˨Ŕý˨ĚŞŃ˨ŏĖŞŊʭŎ˨ˬÚŰŗŔ˨ ý˕ L q µ m ³ « , ˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕŘýĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʯŏĕĚýť˨ ʭý˨ʯŏĕĚÝß˨ ęĜý˨ʯŏĖģß˨ ęĜý˨ʯŏĕĚÝĖ˨ ģę S L ½ ˨˨˛ĸĿ ˨˨ʼ ¾ t Rabah ³ ˨˨ŏĖģĕ˨ ʭŰě s z X L ¯ ˨˨ĕʭĄğù˨ ęʭáěŘŎí˨ʯĖģęù˨ʯßęĜý˨ʯĂŀħ ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʴʳ Rabah ˨˨ęŗĚğ˨ʯęʭŞĄēùü˨ ďʭħ˨ ęʭáĖőŗùĖē ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʴʴ S î û ¾ L R b n63 S È ˨˨ĕʭŰě˨ʯŏùęùĜŕ˨ʯęʭ˙ģä˨ ý ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʴʵ Ribbah64 ˨˨ˬŘþőù˨ʯęʭ˙ģä˨ ý ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʴʶ Rîbû65 ˨˨˔ʴʳ ʳʳʳ˕˨ęùĜŕˬ˨ĕ ˨˨ĕĖķ ˨˨ʴʷ Rîbû ˨ ˨ʭŒĸŎ ˨ ˨äĿĚħ˨ŔŊŘńŎ ˨ ˨˫Ùùŗ ˨ ˨ľŰĕę ˨˨ŔċŘă˛˨ ýʭŃ˨ʯßęĜý ˨˨Ăŀħ ˨˨ʴʸ Ribû ˨˨üĨŒŎ˨ŗ˨ŌʭńŎ˨ʯäáęĜý˨ʯʼnŦċ˨ŗ˨ˬŘÞģ ˨˨ōğù ˨˨ʴʹ ribû (tâ)66 ˨˨ãęùŘēʭýę˨ʯĩĚŃ˨ˬĚŖý˨ʯˬĚŖý˨ʯĕŘğ ˨˨ōğù ˨˨ʴʺ Rîbît ˨˨ŏĖőʭğęĚ˨ ˙ćŔ˨ ý˨ʯġěŘŎí˨ʯŏĕĚÝĂ˨ ŞýĚă˨ ˨ġęŗĚÏ˨ʯŏĕĚÝŌ˨ ùę ˨˨ōğù ˨˨ʴʻ Taribbût67 ˨˨ˬĚŖý˨ʯĂĸŀŒŎ˨ʯĕŘğ˨ʯĢŰùĜĿù ˨˨ ˨˨ʴʼ Taribbît68 ˨˨ŏĕĚÝä˨ ŊʭŎŐ˨ Ļŗę ˨˨˛ĸĿ ˨˨ʵʳ Ribû ˨˨ĚŞŃ˨ʯäýĚ×˨ŔÞŊ˨ʯäýĚ×˨ʯŐĻŗę˨ʯûĚ×˨ʭŰ˨ÛʭŒþĠ×˨ʯIJŞŋĻ˨ŌĚċ ˨˨ōğù ˨˨ʵʴ ra(/i)bab ˨ ˨˨ˇãĚþķˈ˨ŏʭýě˨ęĕ˨ûę˨˫Ùùŗ˨ ʷ ʵ ˨ µn/yr/kK³KsK¶/¡V/yKȱL/²¡¯L/Os¶/O¯L/Os°½rW ½mt±³°½rW¶ XkL²} ×rP {qL/¦±qm³µn/}È ´¦X¥¯LOs°½K¶OmƾsK|¾S¬¢½L½«³m×L·µnyLW¬·msK³m _ L ½ ¦ ¬`²/S¯r/L/W¯?sKx/S V/yKµn/}µmLX/yK¯?sK¯L/½m´¸½wn/MLX¡j3²3W L µ ² ´ UL//O´X¢qm¶//ª®_sK È//²½m¯´//XÈ//Oqm¯?M´//X¢Uq´//L//¸²W,×mƾ// × q M °¾/zªqm/K³L/h½qKM´/²_qmµmr/×L/½qm¨gL/yqm¯Kr/®4sKµn/} /~¡ m q r ? {Kqn/³È·L/}UKq´/WsK|½Kr½³°¾Xzl±L²~¾{qL¦±qm°¾²d®·³È©L}K ¯ qmt/¾±LS³qKL½ ½mt±q³Lk¯L¥n²z½´±ÈkrO VyK¶X}KmmrOqL¡ UKq´Wr¾zW È/OmK×L·¶X/}´±È/Oqm¯LOs°½KsK×mƾ¬·mt±LSLW¬`²S×L·µnyÈy³¯³r ¯K´/²¶ O×rP¶XP©K-Huehnergard, 1995, p. 2123-Moscati, 1980, p. 10n±Kµmr¡ÈµmLXyK qL/¡¶/O¯Kq³m°/½K«L/®WqmUL/_L²³|½L/¾±³UKmL/P«L`±K×KrO³È²½m¯´X¯LOs r/O×r/P¯L/Os×L/¾gKqmÈ/yr¾kKµnyqm¯L½m´¸½ÈkrOVyKȲX¥ VyK¶XqÈ ´/¦X¥L/¾±mL/²È/Oqm¯´/²¡K¬·,n/½n_×rP¯LOs°½K¶¡n±K¶ X}Kmj²WwLyK Rubin, 2010, pp. 16-17m´}È Koehler, pp. 867-870, -Gesenius, pp. 912-916m´/_´×r/Pr/PX×L/·¤²·rqm L/OÈ/¢½mt±n±´¾SnyqÈ r±¶ O¶¡n±Kµn}VL½È½L·µuK³Klein, pp. 601-602, 716-1040 L/·µuK³°/½KsKÈ/O n/±qKmÈ/Or¯L/Osqm ´/Oq L/½ N/Oq ×L·¶ /~½qL/½ M6 q µuK³ n²½?Èr½s§³n_qm¶X}L¦±K³?Uq´¶ O ˨ ˨ʭŒĸŎ ˨ ˨äĿĚħ˨ŔŊŘńŎ ˨ ˨˫Ùùŗ ˨ ˨ľŰĕę ˨ŏĕŘýľ˨ ķʭĬŎ˨ʯŏĖģĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕŘýĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʯŏĖģß˨ ęĜý˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕŘýß˨ ęĜý ˨˨˛ĸĿ Rabab 45 ˨˨ʴ ˨˨ŏĖģľ˨ ķʭĬŎ˨ʭŰ ˨ʯˬĖőʭŎĚĿ˨ʯĞŞŰę˨ʯęŗˎĚğ˨ʯęʭŞĄēùü˨ ďʭħ ęʭáĖőŗùĖē˨ʯĖŒŋý˨ʯßęĜý ˨ʯŏùŗùĚĿ˨ʯĕʭŰě˨ʯĕʭĄğù˨ʯęʭáěŘŎí˨ʯōŖŎ˨ʯĚĔĄŀŎ˨ʯęĖĄńŎ˨ʯùĖēʭő Ăŀħ Rab ˨˨ʵ ˨˨ľķʭĬŎ ˨˨ĕʭĄğù˨ʯęʭáěŘŎí˨ʯŐŎ˨ęŗĚğ˨ʲäŋħù˨ãʭŒĸŎ ˑ ˨˨Ăŀħ rabbî ˨˨ʶ ˨˨ãĕŘŖŰ˨äŒŰĕ˨ŏùĖŒ˙Ĥőùĕ˨äŎŘ˙ķ˨üńŊ ˨˨äŕʭģĕʭÏ˨ʯŏĕŘý˨ęʭŞĄēùü˨ ďʭħ ˨˨ōğù Ribubûh ˨˨ʷ y ˨˨äáęĜý˨ʯ˔ ŗ˨ĕùĖĸă˨ʯˬěùĖőù˕˨ŏĕŘýĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʯęŘĿŗ˨ʯäőùŗùĚĿ ˨˨ōğù rub ˨˨ʸ L § m ³ « ˨˨äőùŗùĚĿ ˨˨ōğù ribbah ˨˨ʹ } ® L q µ m ˨˨ŏùęùĜŕ˨ʯęʭ˙ģä˨ ý ˨˨Ăŀħ ribbah ˨˨ʺ ³ « , S L ½ ¾ t ˨˨˔ʴʳ ʳʳʳ˕˨ęùĜŕˬ˨ĕ ˨˨ĕĖķ ribbah ˨˨ʻ ³ s z X ˨˨˔ʴʳ ʳʳʳ˕˨ęùĜŕˬ˨ĕ ˨˨ĕĖķ rîbû ˨˨ʼ L ¯ ˨ ĂĸŀŒŎ ˬĚŖý˨ʯŏĕĚÝĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʯŏĕŗĜĿù˨ʯŏĖģĕ˨ ʭŰě˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕŘýĕ˨ ʭŰě S ¾ L S È ˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕĚÝß˨ ęĜý˨ʯŏĖģß˨ ęĜý˨ʭŰ˨ŏĕŘýß˨ ęĜý˨ʯāŗĚć˨ĕʭČŰù˨ʯŏĕĚýĕ˨ Řğ ˨˨˛ĸĿ Rabah46 ˨˨ʴʳ ˨˨˔ĖőěĚĿ˕˨ŏĕùĕġ˨ ęŗĚÏ ˨˨˔ŏĕĚ˨Ýß˨ ęĜý˨ ĂŞýĚă˕˨ġęŗĚÏ˨ʯĢŰùĜĿù ˨˨ōğù Taribût ˨˨ʴʴ ˨˨ʭýę˨ʯˬĚŖý˨ʯĕŘğ˨ʯĢŰùĜĿù ˨˨ōğù Taribît47 ˨˨ʴʵ ˨ ˨ʭŒĸŎ ˨ ˨äĿĚħ˨ŔŊŘńŎ ˨ ˨˫Ùùŗ ˨ ˨ľŰĕę ˨ʯŏĕĚÝÛ˨ Ě×˨ʯŏĕĚÝû˨ Ě×˨ʯŏĖģ˨ŏùęʭý˨ġęʭý˨üċŘŎ ˨˨˛ĸĿ rabab ˨˨ʴʶ ˨˨ŏĕĚÝę˨ùĕŔ˨ ÞŊ ˨˨äýĚ×˨ŔÞŊ˨ʯäýĚ×˨ʯŐĻŗę ˨˨ōğù ribub ˨˨ʴʷ ˨˨ŏùŗùĚĿ˨ãʭŕęʭþáę˨ʯōŒþģ˨ŐŞâŒğ˨āùĚİŃ ˨˨ōğù rib(î)bîm48 ˨˨ʴʸ ˨ ˨ōŰĚÝ˨ŏíĚŃ˨ʼnŗĜő˨ĚĄĠý˨äýĚķ˨ŏʭýě˨ŗ˨ěʭČď˨Ŕý˨äøþğ˨ˇ ˈ˨äýʭŞŕùę˨äâőŘâ×˨ ʸ ʵ ˑ rab ˨ sK|¾/SsKÈ/Or¯L/Osqm M6 q µuK³,«n/X¯L/z½´±¤²·r×L·µL¥n/½mwLyKrO ´/ª®>È/}L/O¨/OLWqm¶X/z±K´WÈ ¶/¡VyK¶XqÈqL¡¶ O ©L ×L²qm«ÆyK 5 5 /ª3 ×L/²¶/O³³mr·L½ nP M6 q ¨OLW´ª®¯Lz±K, ª M6 q ¨OLW ×L²¶O M6 q ,r¾kKUq´³mqm³n}LOµm´O ª4 M6 q ¨OLW K³r±Lr µL}mLS °¾//²c //,,¯L//¥mKsqL`±³µmKs° ¾±K´//kV//yKµm´//O qL¾XkKN gL// q³r//y ¬//~c¶//O¯K³Kr//Ȫ·L//_«Æ//yKsK|¾//S¯Kq³m¶//OM´//z²qL//}KqmȽL//·mrOqL¡ mrOqL/¡,«Æ/yKsK|¾/S¶/OM´/z²qL/}Kqm,n?¬·rW|¾S¶¡¶±´¥¯ L®· mq´kÈ _ L ½ ¦ L VyKµn}VL½t¾± ©Lk °¾XyKq×Knk ¶OµqL}Kqm Mq µ 6 ² ´ sKÈ/¢½¯K´²¶ /O³ °®gr/©K ÉÞK ¶/OµqL/}KqmqL/O Mq µuK³,¬½r/¡¯ ?rqm × 6 6 q M 5 qL¾XkKNgL q³ry ȱLz±K×L²qmVgKr¶ O¶½?^²Sqm,¶XL½mrOqL¡Knk×L·« L± m q r ? 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Beirut: Dar al-Qalam. q M m q r ? ¯ The Semantics of the Word "Liqa'" and the Conceptual Relationship of Liqa' Allah with the Divine Vision in the Qur'an and a Critique of the Ash'ari View in This Regard Alireza Khosrawi1 Seyedeh Fatemeh Hosseini Mirsafi2 Received: 16/12/2020 Accepted: 24/04/2021 Abstract One of the topics discussed between the Ash'arites on the one hand and the Shiites and Mu'tazilites on the other is the vision of God. The Ash'arites, who believe in seeing God on the Day of Resurrection, cite verses from the Qur'an to prove their point, including the verses in which the word "meeting" is mentioned. Semantics and examining the opinions of commentators about the meanings of this word in the cited verses is a good way to achieve the correct meaning of the word and evaluate the correctness or incorrectness of those who believe in the vision of God. Etymology and study of different meanings of the word "meeting" in word sources, study of its association and substitution with other words in the verses of the Qur'an, its meaning in Arabic hadiths and poems, and analysis of the views of Shiite and Sunni commentators. This word has several meanings and not Not only is the meaning of seeing from the word meeting in these verses incorrect and it is confirmed by the opinion of a few Sunni commentators, but in addition to Shiite commentators, many Sunni commentators also have the opposite view. Keywords Semantics, meeting, meeting God, divine vision, Ash'arites. 1. PhD student in Qur'anic and Hadith Sciences, Imam Khomeini Memorial Branch & Shahr Rey, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. [email protected]. 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Qur'anic and Hadith Sciences, Imam Khomeini Memorial Branch, Shahr Rey, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author). * Khosrawi, A. & Hosseini Mirsafi. S. F. (2020). The Semantics of the Word "Liqa'" and the Conceptual Relationship of Liqa' Allah with the Divine Vision in the Qur'an and a Critique of the Ash'ari View in This Regard. Journal of Theology & Islamic Knowledge, 2(4). pp. 165-193. 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,º¾ÆyÃKIL[´©K³UL´ª®©Kn¸,º¾ÆyÃKºL\©K³«´ª©KULyKqmt¡rnLzoLXyA [email protected] º/ª`®©K º¾Æ/yÃK¹q´/\©Kn/ILqL/¢K¼/¼Æ/yÃK¹L¾h©K®±È©Kº¾_´©´±Aº½Cq °zg,µmKs°¾zg ÏÍÏÍ« Doi: 10.22081/jikm.2021.60044.1047 ÐÒ Ñ, Őǒ ͶƽʮƊʫŤƼƺƣƹŤŪƄŤƀ޺¾lX©Kº¾ª©K ˨ ˨ĀŎʭŞńŊù˨āʭŰş˨ĀŞĿĚĸ˙Ŋù˨āùęʭĸĄğţù˨Āğùęĕŗ˨˛ŞŋĐă ÉËÊfËY|ÅȼZ§ ÉZmÉ|^Öe» ˨ ˨ʾˁʽʽ ʳʵ ʳʷʲĚĤŒŊù˨ʼnŘþŃ˨ĖķŘŎ˨ ˨˨ ˨ʴʶʼʼ ʴʵ ʴʶ˨ʲŌŦĄğţù˨ĖķŘŎ lª®©K ˰ĉęŘċ˰āʭŞŒĠŊšù˰ŜĿ˰ŐŞ˓˙Ŋʭķ˰ʭŖŎĖŃ˰ŜĄŊù˰ŐŰĚĤĸŊù˰ŏĚńŊù˰ŐŎ˰ÿĚŞēšù˰ĕŘńĸŊù˰ŜĿ˰ĀŞĿĚĸ˙Ŋù˰ÿęʭĸĄğţù˰ĀŰĚĴő ˰ĀŞĿĚĸ˙Ŋù˰ÿęʭĸĄğţù˰ĀŰĚĴŒŊù˰˫Ęŕ˰üĠď˰ ĀŰĖŞŋńĄŊù˰āʭŰĚĴŒŊù˰ŜĿ˰ʭŰĖĐă˰äŊù˰ãĕï˰ŏŘĠőʭċ˰ŅęʭŎŗ˰ĽŘÞŞŊ ˰˰ĀŞŎŘŞŊù˰ŏʭĠőţù˰ÿʭŞď˰ŜĿ˰śĚČăŗ˰ŏʭĠőţù˰Őŕė˰ŜĿ˰ĶþŒă ˰ŜĿ˰ ĀŞŕʭČăţùʯĀŞċŘŊŘİőïʯĀŰŘŞŒþŊù˰Ŝŕ˰ĵùŘőï˰ĀćŦć˰äŊù˰ĀŞŎŘŖŀ˙Ŋù˰ÿęʭĸĄğţù˰ŏʭ˙ĠńŰ˰ŏŘĠőʭċŗ˰ĽŘÞŞŊ ˰Āýęʭń˙ŋŊ˰āĘĔăï˰ĀŞĿĚĸ˙Ŋù˰ÿęʭĸĄğţù˰ŏï˰ĆŞď˰ĀŎʭŞńŊù˰āʭŰí˰ʭŒğęĕ˰śĚĴő ˰ ŜŋŞŋĐă˰ĊŖŒ˙ý˰ĚīʭĐŊù˰ĆĐþŊù ˰ʭ˙ğó˰ʾ˄ʽŗ˰āʭńŞ˙ŊùʯĀĸŃùŘŊù˰ŘĐő˰ʼnŘŖČ˙Ŋù˰Ěēşù˰ōŊʭĸŊù˰ŐŎ˰ĚĈÝšù˰ûʭĸŞĄğţùŗ˰˛ĬĿšù˰ōŖŀŋŊ˰ĀŞĿĚĸ˙Ŋù ˰äŊù˰āùęŘĨĄŊùŗ˰ŏʭŕėšù˰üŰĚńĄŊ˰ÿęʭĸĄğŤŊ˰ĀŞýĕšù˰ÿùĕšù˰ŌĖĔĄğù˰ŏíĚńŊù˰ŏï˰Ŝŕ˰ĀğùęĖŊù˰ĀŋŞĨď ˰ʭŀŋĄĔŎ ˰ʼnʭń˙Ŋù˰ùĘŕ˰ŜĿ˰Ōʭ˙Ąŕťʭý˰ÿĚŰĖċ˰ĀĴďŦŎ˰Ā˙ć˰ ĽŘŊðŎ˰ĚŞĻŗ˰śĕʭŎ˰ĚŞĻ˰āŘ˙Ŋù˰Ėĸý˰ōŊʭĸŊù˰ŏï˰ʭ˙ý˰ĶŃùŘŊù y L § ˰ŜĿ˰ʭŕ´ùŘċï˰ŗ˰ĀŎʭŞńŊù˰ŔŋŊù˰ʭŖŒŞýŗ˰ãĚþÞŊù˰ĀŎʭŞńŊù˰Őķ˰ąĖĐĄă˰ĀÝęʭþ˙Ŋù˰āʭŰşù˰āʭŎùĖĔĄğù˰ōĴĸŎ˰ŏï˰Ŝŕŗ m ³ « } ® ˰ŗ˰ĀŞþŞļŊù˰ʭŰʭĬńŊù ˰ĀŰŘŞŒþŊùŗ˰ĀŞŕʭČăţù˰ŐŎ˰ʭĸþă˰ãĚēï˰ĵùŘőï˰Ŝăðăŗ˰ĀŞĿĚĸ˙Ŋù˰ÿęʭĸĄğţʭý˰ĀÝęʭþ˙Ŋù˰āʭŰşù L q µ m ³ ˰˰ üŋńŊù˰ŜĿ˰ĶńŰ˰Ķýʭį˰ʭŖŊ˰ÿęʭĸĄğţù˰ęʭįó˰ŜĿ˰ĀŞŋþńĄĠ˙Ŋù « , S L ½ ¾ t ³ s z X L º¾gLX®©KUL®ª¢©K ¯ ˰˰ ĀŎʭŞńŊù˰āʭŰí˰ʯĀŰŘŞŒþŊù˰ÿęʭĸĄğţù˰ʯĀŞċŘŊŘİőšù˰ÿęʭĸĄğţù˰ʯĀŞĿĚĸ˙Ŋù˰ÿęʭĸĄğţù˰ʯŏíĚńŊù S ¾ L S È §³Dz®©KNWL¢©K¯Kr½K,¬,º¾ÆyÃKºL\©K³«´ª©KULyKqmt¡rº¾z½qnX©KºJ¾¸©K´ [email protected] [email protected] ¯Kr½K,¯Kqn±sLºLh®Oº¾®ª©K>Lz²©K¹s´g¬¾ªX©K¯³L,nLzwqn º/ª`®©K ºL¾©KUL½¿º¾´¸®©K¹qLXyÃKºyKqm³¨¾ªhW «ÏÍÏÍ º®L,»t½t¼X½Kn·-¼Wr,»qL_»nP Doi: 10.22081/jikm.2021.60370.1052 ÖÔ ÓÒ,ÑǒŐͶƽʮƊʫŤƼƺƣƹŤŪƄŤƀ޺¾lX©Kº¾ª©K ˨ʭŖĄŞőʭÞŎóŗ˨ʭŖăʭŰęŗĚīŗ˨ĀŋēùĖĄ˙Ŋù˨āʭğùęĖŊù˨ðĤŒŎ ˨ ˨ĀŞŎŦğţù˨ŌŘŋĸŊù˨´ùěó ÊÀmÁ]Ê°·Z»Z|¼v» |¬»ÊÆ̬§Ą̈¿ ʲʵʴ ʳʴ ʾˁʽʽ˨˨ ĚĤŒŊù˨ʼnŘþŃ˨ĖķŘŎ ˨ʲʵʸ ʳʷ ʴʶʼʼ˨˨˨˨ ŌŦĄğţù˨ĖķŘŎ lª®©K ˰ĖŞĸĨŊù˰äŋķ˰āĚćï˰ĆŞď˰ÿĚŞēšù˰Āőŗşù˰ŜĿ˰āʭğùęĖŋŊ˰ōŖŎ˰ʼnʭČŎ˰äŊù˰ĀŋēùĖĄ˙Ŋù˰āʭğùęĖŊù˰ĂŊŘĐă ˒ ˰ ˰ʼnùòĠŊù ʼnʭČ˙Ŋù˰ ùĘŕ˰ äŊù˰ ĀŞĈĐþŊù˰ āʭĠğò˙Ŋù˰ Īĸý˰ ĜŀĐă˰ ʭĬŰï˰ ŏùĚŰù˰ ʭőĖŋý˰ ŜĿ ˰ ŜĈĐþŊùŗ˰ Ŝ˙ŞŋĸĄŊù ˰ŗ˰ðĤŒŎ˰Ŝŕ˰ʭŎ˰ʱť˰Ōï˰ĀŞŎŦğţù˰ŌŘŋĸŊù˰ʼnʭČŎ˰ŜĿ˰āʭğùęĖŊù˰˫Ęŕ˰ĶþĄă˰ŐÞ˙˙Ŋù˰ŐŎ˰˛ŕ˰ŏï˰Řŕ˰Ŝğʭğšù ˰ĀŋēùĖĄ˙Ŋù˰āʭĨĨĔĄŋŊ˰ŜĿĚĸŎ˰ĚŞĻŗ˰ʭŞĿĚĸŎ˰ÿęŘÝĘ˙Ŋù˰āʭğùęĖŊù˰ðĤŒŎ˰Āğùęĕ˰ŜļþŰ˰ʼnʭń˙Ŋù˰ùĘŕʱʭŖăùĜÞăĚŎ ˰śĕòŰ˰ÿęŘÝĘ˙Ŋù˰öģʭŒ˙Ŋʭý˰Ōʭ˙Ąŕţù˰ŌĖķ˰ʼnʭď˰ŜĿ˰ ĚŎšù˰ùĘŕ˰ěʭČőó˰ĀŞőʭÞŎóŗ˰ĀŞăùĘŊù˰āùĜÞăĚ˙Ŋù˰ņŊĘÝŗ ˰ŐŎ˰ Į˙ŒŊù˰ ùĘŕ˰ ĀŖċùŘŎ˰ ŜĿ˰ ĀŞ˙ŋĸŊù˰ ĀŰŘŖŊù˰ ĚĠĔőŗ˰ āʭğùęĖŊù˰ ˫Ęŕ˰ ŜĿ˰ ŜĿʭńĈŊùŗ˰ śĚÞŀŊù˰ ĒĠ˙Ŋù˰ äŊù B~²ULyKqn©KºªkKnX®©KL¸WL½q³r ³L¸X¾±L¢E³>KsE«´ª©Kº¾ÆyÃK ŜńŞþİă ˰˰ ˰ ŜŋŞŋĐă˰ĊŖŒ˙ý˰ĀŊʭń˙Ŋù˰Ăőŗĕ ōŋĸŊù º¾gLX®©KUL®ª¢©K ˰ĀŰĕĖĸĄŊù˰ ðĤŒŎ˰ ʯĀŋēùĖĄ˙Ŋù˰ āʭĨĨĔĄŊù˰ ĀŞőʭÞŎó˰ ʯĀŞŎŦğţù˰ ŌŘŋĸŊù˰ ʯĀŋēùĖĄ˙Ŋù˰ ĀŞĨĨĔĄŊù˰ āʭğùęĖŊù ˰˰ ĀŋēùĖĄ˙Ŋù˰āʭĨĨĔĄŊù˰āʭŰęŗĚī˰ʯĀŞĨĨĔĄŊù ,,¯L¸KºL_,¯L¸/K¯Kr/½K ńV¾P©K¨·AqL³º½r~©Kº¾ª¡,ńV¾P©K¨·AqL¬zwqn [email protected] ©KNWL¢©K§³Dz® [email protected] ¯Kr½K ,¬¼º¾®ª©K¹s´h©KºP©L³«´ª©KrLOºL_ , ¼L\©Kx¾¾zX©KµKq´X¡mN©L UL//yKqn©Kº//¾±L¢A³UL½q³r// L// qn®h ÏÍÏÍ« ,H//~² ,¼//²_³rO¼¢©L// ,wn//¼//¸¾¶//z¾±- Ñ, Őǒ ͶƽʮƨƊʫŤƼƨƺƣƹŤŪƄŤƀ޺¾/lX©Kº¾ª/©Kº/ª`®©K º¾ÆyÃK«´ª©KÈ©KºPz²©LO , ºªkKnX®©Kº¾lX©K Doi: 10.22081/jikm.2021.58269.1038 ÎÏÕ ÖÖ ˰˰ ˰˰ ˰˰ ˨ ˨ŏíĚńŊù˨ŜĿ˨ûĚŊù˨ÿĕĚŀ˙Ŋ˨ĀŰŘŒĸ˙Ŋù˨ĀőʭÞ˙Ŋù Ã{YÉÅZºË» ˨ ˨ʾˁʽʽ ʳʵ ʳʷʲĚĤŒŊù˨ʼnŘþŃ˨ĖķŘŎ˨ ˨˨ ˨ʴʶʼʼ ʳʺ ʵʼ˨ʲŌŦĄğţù˨ĖķŘŎ lª®©K üMr©Kü¬½r¢©K¬yÅK üMqüº®ª¡¼·É6ÞK¹mrnO¯?r©K¼Umq³¼X©KȲzh©K>L®yÁKr\¡A° üMMqü°/º®ª¢©Kµp·¨A ¶IL¾©³A³¶IL¾P±A³É6ÞKn²ºLkº¾±B~OÈh½³¨¾ª_³ÚqLP¬yK´· È/©EºL/ E¯?r/©K¼/º®ª¢©Kµp·Vª®XyK ¬½r¢©K¯?r©K¼ºª¾kn©KUKmr®©K°¹ngK³¼·³ ¼/ ¯?r/©K¼/ºª®X/zr/¾Çr/kA¯L/L¸©,º¾Or©Kºª©K¼L®¡ ÇrkA¯L®O¼ ´©KL·L² L/¸¾±LÈ/ª§´/h©Kr/©¬½r/¢©K¯?r/©K¼/L¸WLX/~³¹mr/®©Kµp·ºyKqm¬X½,§L®©KKp· µp/·¯An/`±UL/½¿Kµp/·º/yKqm§Æ/k°/ ¬½r/¢©K¯?r©KUL½?¼º½´²®©KL¸X±L¢³ºªXl®©K y ºª/©KUKoUL/½¿KNzgL¸¾±L°³È©LW³¶±LhPyÉÞKȲ®OVª®XyK¯L¾gÁKNªA¼¹mr®©K L 6 § m ³ « ¬/Wº/ª¾ªUÅL/g¼/³,º/®gr©K³º¾½r~X©Kº½Kn¸©K³º¾²½´¢X©Kº½Kn¸©K³ºWLÃK³>L¾gÃK³ªl©K¼· } ® L q µ Þ Þ m µp/¸©º/¾©Ån©Kº/z©KÈ/©EL/±m´½É6 KÈ/²¼º®ª¢©Kµp·«KnlXyK¯E É6 Kr¾È²¼L¸KnlXyK ³ « , S L ½ ¾ ¬X/½,L¾/z©KN/zg,º/½?¨¡¼³,º®ª¢©Kµp·¼¹mqK´©K¼±L®©K¾®_L¸¾°®¢WZ¾hO,º®ª¢©K t ³ s z L¸¾±LngAȪn¾¡BX©K X L ¯ S ¾ L º¾gLX®©KUL®ª¢©K S È º½´²®©Kº±L¢®©K,º¾©Ån©Kºz©K,Mr©K,¯?r©K [email protected] ¯Kr½K,¨OKs,º¾±?r©K«´ª©Kº¾ª¡,nLzwqn ŪƄŤƀ޺¾/lX©Kº¾ª/©Kº/ª`®©K ¯?r©K¼üMr©Kü¹mr®©º½´²®©Kº±L¢®©K «ÏÍÏÍ ¬½r,µmKs»r·L Doi: 10.22081/jikm.2021.59122.1041 ÎÓÐ ÎÐÍ,ÑǒŐͶƽʮƊʫŤƼƺƣƹŤ ˨ĀŰñĚý˨ŔŋŊù˨´ʭńŊµŊ˨ĀŞŎŘŖŀ˙Ŋù˨ʭŖĄŃŦķ˨ŗ˨´ʭńŊ˨ÿĕĚŀ˙Ŋ˨ĀŞŎŘŖŀ˙Ŋù˨ĀğùęĖŊù ˨ ˨ÿĚķʭģšù˨˫ʭČăù˨Ėńőŗ˨ŏíĚńŊù ŜĿ˨ĀŞŖŊó Ï Î Èr¾È²¾zg¶®Lµn¾y ׳rzkL r¾ª ˨ ˨ʾˁʽʽ ʳʵ ʳʷ˨ʲĚĤŒŊù˨ʼnŘþŃ˨ĖķŘŎ˨ ˨˨ ˨ʴʶʼʼ ʳʼ ʵʹ˨ʲŌŦĄğţù˨ĖķŘŎ lª®©K ˰ŏù˰ ĆŞď˰ ŔŋŊù˰ ĀŰñę˰ Ŝŕ˰ ãĚēï˰ ĀŖċ˰ ŐŎ˰ ĀŊĜĄĸ˙Ŋùŗ˰ ĀĸŞĤŊùŗ˰ ĀŖċ˰ ŐŎ˰ ÿĚķʭģšù˰ ŐŞý˰ ĂĤŃŘő˰ ŜĄŊù˰ ĶŞīùŘ˙Ŋù˰ ŐŎ ˰āĚÝė˰ŜĄŊù˰āʭŰşù˰ʭŖŒŎŗ˰ōŰĚÞŊù˰ŏíĚńŊù˰ŐŎ˰āʭŰîý˰ōŖŀŃŘŎ˰ŏŗěĜĸŰŗ˰ĀŎʭŞńŊù˰ŌŘŰ˰ŔŋŊù˰ĀŰñę˰ĀŞőʭÞŎôý˰ŏŗĖńĄĸŰ˰ŐŞŰĚĸģšù ˰ĀńŰĚį˰ÿęŘÝĘ˙Ŋù˰āʭŰşù˰ŜĿ˰Ā˙ŋÞŊù˰˫Ęŕ˰ŜőʭĸŎ˰ʼnŘď˰ŐŰĚĠŀ˙Ŋù˰´ùęí˰Āğùęĕŗ˰āťťĖŊù˰ōŋķ˰ĚþĄĸŰ˰ ´ʭńŊ˰Ā˙ŋÝ˰ʭŖŞĿ ˰˛ħù˰ŜĨńă˰ĖŒķ˰ ŔŋŊù˰ĀŰñę˰ĀŞőʭÞŎôý˰ĖńĄĸŰ˰ŐŎ˰ðİē˰ŗï˰ĀĐħ˰ōŞŞńăŗ˰Ā˙ŋÞŋŊ˰ĎŞĐĨŊù˰äŒĸ˙Ŋù˰äŊó˰ʼnŘħŘŋŊ˰ÿĖŞċ ˰ŜĿ˰ãĚēï˰āʭ˙ŋÞý˰ʭŖŒķ˰ĀīʭĸĄğťùŗ˰ʭŖĸŃŘŎ˰Āğùęĕŗ˰ĀļŋŊù˰ęĕʭĨŎ˰ŜĿ˰´ʭńŊ˰Ā˙ŋÞŊ˰ĀŀŋĄĔ˙Ŋù˰Ŝőʭĸ˙Ŋù˰Āğùęĕŗ˰ÿĕĚŀ˙Ŋù ˰ŏðý˰ʭŒŊ˰ĎĬĄŰ˰ʯĀŒĠŊùŗ˰ĀĸŞĤŊù˰ŐŰĚĠŀ˙Ŋù˰´ùęí˰˛ŞŋĐăŗ˰ĀŞýĚĸŊù˰ęʭĸģšùŗ˰ĆŰĕʭďšù˰ŜĿ˰ÿĕĚŀ˙Ŋù˰äŒĸŎŗ˰ĀŞőíĚńŊù˰āʭŰşù K © n ¼ q K K © ˰ŐŎ˰ĀŋŃ˰śïę˰Řŕŗ˰ʯĀĐŞĐħ˰ĚŞĻ˰āʭŰşù˰˫Ęŕ˰ŜĿ˰´ʭńŊ˰Ā˙ŋÝ˰ŐŎ˰ĀŰñĚŊù˰äŒĸŎ˰ĭʭþŒĄğù˰ŗ˰ÿĖŰĖķ˰ŏʭĸŎ˰ʭŖŊ˰Ā˙ŋÞŊù˰˫Ęŕ y ¶ r º ? K © ¯ ® ³ ņŊėĚŞĻ˰ĚĴő˰ĀŖċŗ˰ōŖŰĖŊ˰ĀŒĠŊù˰ŐŰĚĠŀ˙Ŋù˰ōĴĸŎ˰ŗʯ˰ĀĸŞĤŊù˰ŐŎ˰ŐŰĚĠŀ˙Ŋù˰ĶŞ˙ċ˰ŏóŗ˰ʯ˰ĀŒĠŊù˰ŐŰĚĠŀ˙Ŋù ± ¸ ´ n K ¾ W º ` © L ® µ K r Á m ¹ } L ü º¾gLX®©KUKmr®©K © r L ¹ > ü ÿĚķʭģšù˰ʯŔŋŊù˰ĀŰñę˰ʯŔŋŊù˰´ʭńŊ˰ʯ´ʭńŊ˰ʯāťťĕ ³ Æ X ¸ L K © ® Ń ¸ mKs?º/L_,»qº/²½n, ¼/²¾®l©K«L/ÃKN/±¹n/g³,Z½n/h©K³¯?r/©K«´/ª¼/µKq´/X¡mN©L ´ ¾ [email protected] º ¯Kr½E,¯Kr¸,º¾ÆyÃK © / ü Ń © mKs?º/L_,»qº/²½n, ¼/²¾®l©K«L/ÃKN/±¹n/g³,Z½n/h©K³¯?r/©K«´/ª¬/z,nL/zoLXyA L > K Þ 6 [email protected] É §³Dz®©KNWL¢©K¯Kr½E,¯Kr¸,º¾ÆyÃK ü O r C ½ L¸XÆ ³ ü>L©ü ¹mr®© º¾´¸®©K ºyKqn©K « º®L ¹n¾y ,¼r¾ ¼²¾zg -L r¾ª,»³rzk º E © ¸ Þ ¾ ƼƺƣƹŤŪƄŤƀŞ º¾lX©K º¾ª©Kºª`®©K ¹rL}ÁK µL`WK n±³ ¯?r©K¼º¾¸©Eº½CrO üÉ6 K >L©ü/© º¾´¸®©K / º Doi: 10.22081/jikm.2021.59627.1044 ,ͶƽʮƊʫŤ Editorial Board (Persian Alphabetical Order) Reza Esfandyari (Eslami) Associate Professor of Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy Alireza Esfandyari Moghadam Associate Professor of Islamic Azad University of Hamedan Hossein Elahinejad Associate Professor of Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy Abdolhossein Khosropanah Associate Professor of Islamic Maaref University Abd al-Rahim Soleymani Behbahani Assistant Professor of Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy Morteza Motaghinejad Assistant Professor of Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy Koorosh Najibi Assistant Professor of Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy Sayyid Mahdi Majidi Nezami Assistant Professor of Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy Sayyid Taqi Varedi Koolaei Assistant Professor of Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy ______● ______Reviewers of this Volume Hossein Hassanzadeh, Sayyed Ali Sadat Fakhr, Morteza Abdi Chari , Sayyed Mahdi Majidi Nezami, Sayyed Taghi Varedi, Mohammad Hadi Yaqubnejad.. Scientific- promotional Biannual Journal of Theology & Islamic Knowledge Islamic Knowledge Management Vol 2, No. 2, Autumn & Winter, 2020 4 Islamic Sciences and Culture Academy (Islamic Information and Document Management Research Institute) www.isca.ac.ir Manager in Charge: Mohammad Hadi Yaghoubnezhad Editor in Chief: Hossein Hasanzadeh Manager: Morteza Abdi Chari ExecutiveExpert: Sayyed Abdul Ali Mirhosseini Translator of Abstracts and References: Ali Mirarab Translator of Arabic: Mohammad Taghi Kenani Tel.:+ 98 25 31156910 P.O. Box.: 37185/3688 jikm.isca.ac.ir