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The Prospect of Resurrection in the Teachings of Qur'an and Non- Abrahamic Religions

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The Prospect of Resurrection in the Teachings of Qur'an and Non- Abrahamic Religions 338/ىكلٌبهِ هغبلقبت ٍسآًی، غبل یبشدّن، ؾوبزُ 42، تبثػتبى 1399 The Prospect of Resurrection in the Teachings of Qur'an and non- Abrahamic Religions Akram Bandali Shamshaki MA in Theology (Religions and Mysticism), University of Isfahan Abstract For a long time, different peoples, nations and cultures have answered differently and even contradictorily to this question: Some have believed that death is complete non-existence and man will be completely annihilated. Some believed in reincarnation and said that after death (immortality of the soul), human souls enter in the body of an animal or human, plant, solids and continue to live in this world, and a large group, often understood the teachings of the prophets belived another world and believed in the reward and punishment of the righteous and the wicked people. Philosophers and sages have also expressed various opinions and thoughts in this field according to their religions and tastes, and have spoken in the form of philosophical or mystical reasoning and expression, and those who have considered life limited to this worldly life are in fact superficial and popular people with the materialist way of thinking. Keywords: Prospect (waiting) Resurrection Teachings of the Holy Quran Non-Abrahamic religions. فصلنامه مطالعات قرآنی، سال یازدهم، شماره 24، تابستان 9911، صص -339 362 گًَِّبی تأٍیل در رٍایبت ثب تأکیذ ثز رٍایبت تفسیزی صبدلیي)ع( * تبریخ دریبفت: 15/2/98 حسي حسي سادُ تبریخ پذیزش: 20/5/98 سیذ هحوذ راستگَفز** هحسي خَش فز*** چکیذُ یْی اش اًَاؿ تيبغیس ٍسآى هزوَفِ تيبغیسی اغت ِّ ثِ فٌَاى تيبغیس زٍایی اش آىّب یبد هی ؾَد. دز ایي تيبغیس ِّ هزوَفِ ای اش زٍایبت تيػیسی اغت، ایي زٍایبت ّن اش رْت هضوَى ٍ ّن اش رْت زؼٍ ثیابى تيػایسی دازای اًاَاؿ هفتليای های ثبؾا ٌد. یْای اش پسثػبهدتسیي زٍایبت اش حیج هضوَى، زٍایبت تأٍیلی اغت. اش عسىی دز تيبغیس فسىبًی ٍ حتی فلن فسىبى ًیص ثحج تأٍیل اش هْن تسیي هجبحاج هغاس ؾادُ های ثبؾاد. ؾاٌب ت گًَِ ّبی زٍایبت تأٍیلی فﻻٍُ ثس ایٌْاِ دز ىْان زٍایابت تيػایسی تأحیس گاراز اغات، دز ؾٌب ت ػًجت هیبى ایي زٍایبت ٍ هجبحج تأٍیل فسىبًی ًیص ؽًَ هْوی ایياب های ٌّاد. ایي تحَیٌ ثِ زؼٍ تَقیيی- تحلیلی ثِ ثیبى گًَِ ّبی زٍایبتی ِّ ثِ ًحَی دز آىّب یب تأٍیل ثیبى ؾدُ ٍ یب اش ؾًس هكداٍی تأٍیلی قَزت گسىتِ اغات های پاسداشد. دز ًتیزاِ تحَیٌ گًَِ ّبی هتقدد ٍ هتٌَفی اش زٍایبت تأٍیلی ثِ دغات آهاد ّاِ اش رولاِ آى ّاب تأٍیل عَلی، فسضی، ثبعٌی، ادثی- ًحَی، تسّیجی، هزابشی، جاسی، اؿًابیی، راسی ٍ تغجیَی ٍ دﻻلی زا هیتَاى ًبم ثسد. کلیذٍاصگبى: زٍایبت تأٍیلی، تيػیس تأٍیلی، گًَِّبی زٍایی، تأٍیل. * داؿًزَی دّتسی تكَه ٍ فسىبى اغﻻهی، داؿًگبُ ادیبى ٍ هراّت، ٍن. [email protected] ** داؿًیبز گسٍُ شثبى ٍ ادثیبت ىبزغی، داؿًگبُ ّبؾبى، ّبؾبى. [email protected] *** اغتبدیبز گسٍُ حدیج ربهقِ الوكغيی)ـ( القبلویِ، ٍن. [email protected] ًَیػٌدُ هػئَل: حػي حػي شادُ 340/ىكلٌبهِ هغبلقبت ٍسآًی، غبل یبشدّن، ؾوبزُ 42، تبثػتبى 1399 همذهِ ثفؽ فودُ ای اش تيبغیس ثسگسىتِ اش زٍایبت تيػیسی ٍ یاب هزوَفاِ ّابی رواـ آٍزی ؾدُ اش ایي زٍایبت تحت فٌَاى ّتت تيػیسی هی ثبؾاد. دز هیابى زٍایابت تيػایسی ًیاص تقداد هقتٌبثْی اش زٍایبت ٍرَد دازد ِّ دز آىّب ثسای آیبت ٍسآى، تأٍیل ثیبى ؾدُ اغت. الجتِ گبّی دز ایي زٍایبت تكسیح ؾدُ اغت ِّ ایي هقٌب، هقٌبی تاأٍیلی اغات ٍ گابّی تكسیح ؿًدُ اهب هقٌبیی ثیبى ؾدُ اغت ِّ ٍسائي آى ؿًبى اش تأٍیلی ثَدى هقٌب دازد. ایي زٍایبت ٍ تأٍیل آىّب یػْبى ًجَدُ ٍ دازای گًَِ ّبی هتيبٍت ٍ هتٌاَفی اغات. ؾاٌب ت ایي گًَِ ّبی زٍایبت تأٍیلی ّن دز ىْن ثْتس ایي زٍایبت ٍ ّن ًيع تأٍیل ّوِ ثػاصایی هی ٌّد. اش ربًت دیگس تأٍیل یْی اش هْنتسیي هجبحج دز فلن فسىبى ًیص هیثبؾاد ٍ ىْان گًَِ ّبی زٍایبت تأٍیلی ثِ ازتجبط ایي زٍایبت ٍ تأٍیل فسىبًی ًیص ّوِ هیٌّد. دز هیابى زٍایبت ًیص ثیؽتسیي زٍایبت تأٍیلی اش اهابهیي قابدٍیي )ؿ( ثا ِ دغات آها دُ اغات. ایاي تحَیٌ دز زاغتبی ؾٌب ت اًَاؿ گًَِّبی زٍایبت تأٍیلی ثاب تأّیاد ثاس زٍایابت تيػایسی قبدٍیي)ؿ( اًزبم پریسىتِ اغت. زؼٍ ایي تحَیٌ تَقیيی- تحلیلی ثَدُ ٍ دز آى تْیِ اغبغی ثس زٍایابت ٍازد ؾادُ اش اهبم ثبٍس)ؿ( ٍ اهبم قبدً)ؿ( هیثبؾد. پیشیٌِ تحمیك دز شهیٌِ اًَاؿ گًَِّبی زٍایبت تأٍیلی ثب تأّید ثس زٍایبت تيػیسی قبدٍیي)ؿ( تحَیٌ هػتَلی یبىت ؿًد. اهب ثس ی تحَیٌ ّب دز ازتجبط ثب ایي هَضؿَ یبىت ؾد ّاِ دز ثس ای هَازد ؾجبّت ّبیی ثب تحَیاٌ پایؽ زٍ داؾاتِ اًاد. اش رولاِ زغابلِ »تأٍیال دز زٍایابت تيػیسی« اش هحود هسادی ِّ ایي تحَیٌ ثِ هَضاؿَ ّلای تأٍیال دز زٍایابت تيػایسی هی پسداشد ٍ دز ػٍوتی اش ایي زغبلِ ثِ هٌبغجت، اش گًَِ ّبی زٍایبت تيػایسی دز شهیٌاِ تأٍیل ًیص غفي ثِ هیبى هی آید. الجتِ فﻻٍُ ثس ایٌِْ ثسزغی گًَِ ّبی زٍایبت تأٍیل غؤال اقلی آى تحَیٌ ًجَدُ ثبید تَرِ ّسد ِّ آى تحَیٌ ثب دزؾًس گسىتي زٍایبت قبدٍیي)ؿ( ًیص اًزبم ؿًدُ اغت دز حبلی ِّ تحَیٌ پیؽ زٍ ثب تأّید ثس زٍایبت اهبهیي قابدٍیي )ؿ( اًزبم هی ؾَد. هَبلِ دیگسی ًیص اش غید یداهلل یصداى پٌبُ ثب فٌَاى »ثسزغی اقَل ٍ هجابًی گًَِّبی تأٍیل دز زٍایبت ثب تأّید ثس زٍایبت تيػیسی قبدٍیي)ؿ(/341 تأٍیل فسىبًی اش هؾٌس زٍایبت« یبىت ؾد ِّ ّوبًغَز ِّ پیداغت هَضؿَ تحَیٌ ثب غؤال تحَیٌ پیؽ زٍ هتيبٍت اغت اهب ایؿبى دز ػٍوتی اش هَبلِ ثِ دٍ تأٍیل عاَلی ٍ فسضای اؾبزُ هی ٌّد ٍ الجتِ ثدیْی اغت ِّ ایي تحَیٌ ثِ ّیچ فٌَاى اش تحَیٌ پیؽ زٍ ثی ًیبش ٌٌّدُ ًیػت. دز شهیٌِ هَضؿَ ّلی تأٍیل، ّتبة ٍ تحَیٌ؛ ىساٍاى اًزبم پریسىتاِ اغات اهب ّیچ ّدام ثِ قَزت هػتَل ثِ گًَِ ؾٌبغی زٍایبت تأٍیلی آىّن ثب تأّید ثاس زٍایابت تيػیسی قبدٍیي)ؿ( ًپسدا تِ اًد. لرا ضسٍزت اًزبم چٌیي تحَیَای ثاب تَراِ ثاِ ایٌْاِ تحَیٌ هػتَلی دز هَزد آى اًزبم ؿًدُ اغت َدًوبیی هیٌّد. گًَِّبی تأٍیل در رٍایبت 1.تأٍیل طَلی تأٍیل عَلی گرز اش ؽبّس ٍ زغیدى ثِ ﻻیِّبی ثبعٌی ّﻻم اغت. ایي ﻻیِ ّبی ثبعٌی دز عَل ّن ثَدُ ٍ ثب ؽبّس ّﻻم تقابزل ًدازًاد. ٍاضُ ّابی ؽابّسی ٍاسآى ٍ زٍایابت دز هساحل ثغَى ثبﻻتس ثدٍى آًِْ ثِ هزبشگَیی هٌزاس ؾاًَد، دز هقابًی حَیَای اغاتقوبل هی ؾًَد. اّل هقسىت ثِ گرؾتي اش ؽبّس ّﻻم ٍ زغیدى ثِ ﻻیِ ّابی عاَل ی هقٌابیی آى تأٍیل عَلی هیگَیٌد)یصداى پٌبُ، 1392: 11(. اش رولِ احبدیج ثیبى ٌٌّدُ تأٍیل عَلی، زٍایت ذزیح هحبزثی اش اهبم قبدً)ؿ( اغت. ُ ِ ِ ُ ِ ُ ُ ُ دز ایي حدیج ثسای هقٌبی آیِ ﴿ث َّه لَيقضوا َتَفَثهُ ِه َو ليُوفوا ىذو َر ُه ِه ﴾ دٍ تيػیس هتيبٍت ثیبى هی ؾَد. یْی اش تيبغیس گسىتي ًب ي ٍ َّتبُ ّسدى ؾبزة اغات ّاِ ثاب هقٌابی ؽابّسی تٌبغت دازد اهب هقٌبی دٍم ِّ دیداز اهبم ثبؾد ثب هقٌبی ؽبّسی تضبد دازد. حضاست ثقاد اش ایٌِْ اثي غٌبى ًْتِ زا ثِ ایؿبى فسضِ هی ٌّاد تأییاد های ىسهبیٌاد ّاِ ّاس دٍ هقٌاب قحیح اغت ٍ حضست دز ثیبى دلیل ایٌِْ چسا ّس دٍ هقٌب قحیح اغت های ىسهبیٌاد ّاِ ٍسآى ؽبّسی ٍ ثبعٌی دازد)ّلیٌی، 1388، د9: 454(. ایي ؿًبى هیدّد ِّ هقٌبی دٍم، هقٌبی ثبعٌی آیِ ثَدُ اغت. ضویوِ ّسدى زٍایت دیگسی اش اهبم ثبٍس)ؽ ِّ )ؿْس ٍسآى زا تٌصیل ٍ ثغؽٌ زا تأٍیل َاًدُ اغت هی تَاًد ؿًبى دٌّدُ ایي ثبؾد ِّ ایاي دٍ هقٌاب اش آیابت ٍااسآى چگًَااِ هقٌابیی اغاات: دز ایااي زٍایات ىضاایل اش اهاابم ثابٍس اش زٍایتاای ّااِ هی ىسهبیدِّ ّیچ آیِ ای ًیػت هگاس ایٌْاِ ؽابّسی ٍ ثابعٌی دازد غاؤال های پسغاد، ٍ 342/ىكلٌبهِ هغبلقبت ٍسآًی، غبل یبشدّن، ؾوبزُ 42، تبثػتبى 1399 حضست رَاة هی د ّ ٌ د ّ ا ِ ؽ ا ب ّ س ٍ ا س آ ى ّ و ا ب ى ت ٌ ص ی ا ل ٍ ث ا ب ع ٌ ؽ ت أ ٍ ی ا ل آ ى ه ا ی ثبؾاد )هزلػی، 1403ً، د 89: 97(. ثب تَرِ ثِ زٍایت ىًَ های تاَاى ثیابى ّاسد ّاِ هقٌابی ثیبى ؾ د ُ د ز ا ی ي آ ی ِ ت أ ٍ ی ل ث َ د ُ ا غ ا ت ٍ ه ق ٌ ا ب ی ه غ ا ب ث ٌ ث ا ب ؽ ا ب ّ س آ ی ا ِ ت ٌ ص ی ا ل ه ح ػ ا َ ة هیؾَد. ثٌبثسایي، ایي زٍایت هكداٍی اش ّبزثسد ليؼ ثبعي ثِ هقٌبی تأٍیل عَلی اغت. هَزد ثقدی زٍایت ىضیل یػبز اش اهبم هحود ثبٍس)ؿ( اغت: ىضیل اش حضست دز هاَزد َ ِ َ َ َ ِ ّ هقٌبی آیِ هَيْ ﴿أحياها َفكأىَّنا أحَيا اليَّاا َض ََ ينيااا ﴾ هیپسغد. حضست هیىسهبیاد: ّاِنهؾٌَز اش شًدُ ّسدى ًزبت دادى[ اش آتؽ گسىتي ٍ مسً ؾدى اغت. ىضیل اداهِ هیدّد ِّ آیب آیاِ ؾ ب ه ل ّ ػ ی ّ ِ ا ش گ و س ا ّ ی ث ا ِ غ ا َ ی ّ ا د ا ی ت غ ا َ ً د ا د ُ ؾ ا د ُ ً ی ا ص ه ا ی ؾاَد اهابم)ؿ( هیىسهبیٌد ِّ ایي هقٌب ّوبى تأٍیل فؾینتس آیِ اغت)ثسٍی، 1371، د 1: 232(. ٍاضُ تأٍیل دز ایي زٍایت ثب ّلوِ »هقٌب« هتساده اغت ٍ ّلوِ افؾان دﻻلا ت دازد ّاِ ایي هقٌبی دٍم دز هستجِ ثبﻻتسی اش ىْن ٍساز دازد ٍ ّوچٌیي هقٌبی هَكَد آیِ هی ثبؾد. ایي دٍ هقٌب ّس دٍ ثب ؽبّس اليبػ ٍ ثب زٍ هقابًی اليابػ غابشگب زی دازد ٍ دز فایي حابل زٍایت ؿًبى دٌّدُ آى اغت ِّ ّس دٍ هقٌب قحیح هیثبؾد ٍ ایاي اش كَقایبت تأٍیال عَلی اغت. ِ ُ ُ ِ ُ ي ّ زٍایت دیگسی دز هَزد آیِ ﴿ َو اع ُبدوا ا َهَّلل َو لا تظ يزكوا يبه َطا ِياا ﴾ قبدز ؾدُ اغت. ؽابّس ایاي ِ ِ ي ِ َ ِ آیِ ًْی اش پسغتؽ هقوَلی ثتّبغت؛ چٌبًِْ دز آیِ ﴿ َف اَ َت ي ُبوا ال ِّزَ َص م ًَ الأوثا يٌ ﴾ ّوایي ًْتِ تكسیح ؾدُ اغت.
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