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Lietuvos Metrastis LIETUVOS ISTORIJOS INSTITUTAS LIETUVOS ISTORIJOS METRASTIS 2001 metai I.BID-Ill Vilnius 2002 LITHUANIAN INSTITUTE OF HISTORY THE YEAR-BOOK OF LITHUANIAN HISTORY 2001 2 VILNIUS 2002 LITAUISCHES INSTITUT FUR GESCHICHTE JAHRBUCH FUR LITAUISCHE GESCHICHTE 2001 2 VILNIUS 2002 Z00Z `It?!JO1"3 hlusdTt2J}S © Zty€€-ZOZ0 NSSI Z00Z `St}1nlT}SuT SoffJo|SI so^n}9[i © }|12fHO]St.MMM//:d]|q sn!u[IA [ooZ `S .8 h!Zt3JH :st2s9Ipt2 sor!89|OH s9u!OHt2peH sDiai!sja^!un o!|!^SJa|!N SIIEGEIzns Sn![nt2s LI soini!isu! so{!Jo|s! So^n|a!T snlglAVLnHls st2pt2[A sDini!isu! so{!Jo|s! So^nla!T (?Jo}eJH9S) qNEP|AEot[VS tz}!|Of sDin}!isu| sof!Jo|s! so^nla!T VSM|u St2PunurpE LI si)}n|!|su! so{!Jo|s! vW Sol.]yuaT SVHsnv>IVIN sn!uoJ8 so}n}!isu! so!`!Jo|s! so^n|a!T FIIVSHni 98u| sD}ni!isu! so[!jo}S! So^nla!T Snl?IAVNlt[nvi st;Ao|seg sD}I.i!isu! so{!Jo|s! So^nla!T (st2Hu!u[un!d) vdnv|H st2}utzur8tz sDiai!si2)^!un SnD!u|!A SVLNICI|H St2Suoj|v soia|!sl2I^!un o[o!ZP!C[ OlnDIKA Snl?IAvt[GNVSHEIV Snf[p[8E :tzr!8e|oH ?u!oHt2peH £€Z !1 Sty'£ty6 XGn ISSN 0202-3342 LIETUVOS ISTORIJOS METRASTIS. 2001 METAI, 2. VILNIUS, 2002 THE YEAR-BOOK OF LITHUANIAN HISTORY. 2001 / 2. VILNIUS, 2002 GINTAUTAS S L I E S 0 R I 0 N A S LIETUVOS DIDZI0JOJE KUNIGAIKSTYSTEJE SUVERBUOTU KARINIU DALINIU SIUNTIMAS PRIE RYGOS 1700 M. 1700 in. Lietuvos istorijoje Zymi du lemtingi ivykiai -Didziojo Siaures karo pradzia ir Valkininku mti§is (lapkri6io 18 d.), kuris tapo vidaus karo Lietuvos Didziojoje Kunigaik§tysteje (toliau -LDK), prasidejusio 1697 in. pabaigoje, apo- gejumi ir kuriame buvo pakirsti Sapiegu gimines hegemonijos LDK pamatai. Sie du ivykiai tarpusavyje yra glaudziai susijQ. Sieja juos 1700 in. LDK prasidejusios „ginklavimosi varzybos", t. y. nauju kariniu daliniu verbavimas bei bajoru pa§auk- tiniu veliavu organizavimas, vykQs vie§ai deklaruojant nora „padeti karaliui prie Rygos`` bei „uztikrinti kra5to sienu sauguma nuo §vedu isiverzimo pavojaus". 1700 in. vasario pabaigoje Saksonija pradejo kara su Svedija. Saksonijos ku- nigaik§6io, o kartu ir Lenkijos-Lietuvos valstybes valdovo Augusto 11 isakymai Saksonijos kariuomenes daliniams, tuo metu sutelktiems LDK ir Kurso kunigaik§- tysteje, pulti Ryga buvo datuoti 1700 in. vasario 18 ir 19 d. Saksonijos kariuomenei vadovavusio generolo Joktibo Henryko Flemmingo atsi§aukimas apie karo pradzia buvo paskelbtas vasario 22 d. Nors Rygoje buvusios §vedu igulos saksams nepa- vyko uzklupti visi§kai netiketai, ta6iau vasario 23 d. saksams pasidave Koburgo (1enk. Koberszanc) fortas kairiajame Dauguvos krante prie§ais Rygos miesta. Kovo 15 d. po §turmo buvo uzimta Daugavgryvos (Dtinemtinde) tvirtove, i§ kurios buvo kontroliuojamos Dauguvos Ziotys. Bet pagrindinis tikslas nebuvo pasiektas - Ryga liko §vedu rankose. Rygos puolimui uzsitQsus, Saksonijos kariuomenei prireike pastiprinimu. Augustas 11 juos tikejosi gauti pirmiausia i§ LDK. Nors Augustas 11 buvo dvieju valstybiu - Saksonijos ir Lenkijos-Lietuvos Res- publikos valdovas, ta6iau tik pirmoji 1700 in. oficialiai kariavo su Svedija. Todel reguliari, arba kaip tuo metu buvo vadinama - „etatine", LDK ar Lenkijos Kara- lystes kariuomene dalyvauti Rygos puolime negalejo. Bet tai nesutrukde 59 09 • 6Z;Z .S .€L6T `T3N+XrzsneN\ `xpa|M |||AX 1 ||Ax aquo|azJd ou bfou"| z !!uoSxpS ! P|S|od ryunsols .a!dounE M aos!a!ur o `1. *S M a Z s a ` s . I a •¢tz .I;ZZ .S .S96\ .eNIk!Zsm^^ `neya|M ||AX a|Motod {ai8nJp M aiey.siod o¥s{oIA `i a " " i. ^^ . 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HOIH `!1u!H§!t?IS§T ltlcput?q eT^H hulnH§Tt}eu "2!8"ZP Jt3c| .|| !n}sn8nv snur -I.foBT9redls} so89|des .I .x 9!de sAuoulonp !8u!tl!Hs !unt}!H!9ped 9.fofTjt;J8oIJois| •isurTul rncuTs]t} hAOH snep[^ o^t3HOAOJds! `HG| ieur!AI2qJe^ h!u!lt2p h!u!JtzH h[uTq|tz8t;d sbAB:io!u! `sn?|t2Jt3H !8!t2|. .e.r{At2sndrt2i ?AOHIsns sos?.fed soionzI|!qour h|HAAo}s xcn hH§!§eIJd .zhsoo -old h!snr?p!stzld ?p|t;Anseu "2!9t3} `snpeA§ §9!Id st28uT3ist}d h!gond"S hre!qu !}dTeJH -nu s89fed pt;H `!sor?Hp s!.r sloN .„stzqAzlt2^ !sour!^t2[ryul8`` OAt2HOAold§T eroAn]9Ti `o!HSAAozst3is oHeot2f Ht2st3d `snllereH d!t2i .st2rfo!zod seutJtzH !9q seuli!|od oAtzs !iu!I -d!]sns [eq ieurngut}|t2d || o}sn8nv !}?tilpe| !s?|AA `sn!u[|t3p sn!u!q|t;8t2d !ult2ponqloA `!t}|ueuodo `s?snd so|!H §| .nt2s 5urs?J8 ?8|eAz} t}!s"2luntd eson!u!|tzp htH§!Jtz¥ esonul -I?fonunoj oHu!uI§eTJd s?}ond"8 sotsnfoAOH efKAt2sndJtzi ntzlgt3]. .sor!o!zodo s?u!8 -eldesTlue §! JT Hen th89!dt2s §I H9!} soq[tz8tzd !}Hm}[ns |so.r?Hp sn[|t}Jt3x .blAAsmzlsnd faldel} fa!sn.r?Aois!snu ?^oII8ns st3ur[At3queA hlu!|t3p hlu[q|t38tzd s5f?pfst2Jd .ur oo4 I •Ieueuron!JtzH xG| ieur!.f?Hour h8|t3 f}onl|oJ|uoH ?S[el t21HTelns (||e!OoX) [n|llt}H InJ9|urIzt3H In|oHAN !nuo!|e|§tzH oHsqo|IA - h[JepA| „huoH!|qndseJ" §| urt3ue!^ JI }eq :sBut}B|st (So.f!Otz^HeoH) ounluTBA|ns hIS!9| So.f!xplo| J! XC|| St?}urIIJd .ur 469 I ?1tzumu EimH `tzflot3zT|t3J}ueoop opzi t2iAPHAAi Hp eu ofoq[Jde ie[zp|t2A oHu!uTpzT xcn .hfJO1 -o} -t}Isnelunld `soAt;!l?A s?ueuronTJt3H SoTsn|?H turTf?HT]Ist3deu „huoHT|qndsoJ" bTS -nelzplp so]onunoj§! oAn8 .s!t}ul!roq[Jdt3 hurt.foT|t28i `so8eldt3s o|I^od o}H[peuo8 .A 1 `OHU[UfpzT O.fo[Zplp |eq ((tzqoTdt3S) tz8etdt;S Stzuof St3JeTurTzt3x t2Pt2A!t2A s"3!u|IA o.f? st2SfeJt3d st3ts) ouourie oro[zplp s!t3l|epTp ns J! [o€8€ Tnt h|t31e oSS8 onu nur[tlIzt3ums S?U9ulon[Jt3H XC|| ns oHI|ns :St3PItz|onu Se|epTP T}futzpt3d T|SJOATJd oAnq I.fe!Jt3|st}d sou `st;Sefdt2s seTJd ieAOH tionlHUT8 ieI^AIHt; ?Hm2J}nu „tt;uoHI|qndseH" .sTdrt31oHTt3| s?q -Aurt}J S?uTHA]ut3S ofo]S HP d?t3H ourlos o!uTot3HIjTot?d .ur 669T J[ hullJtz]Isns h}futzpns ouIPJt2D I|O|9U .u?ur o|Zporu8 .ur 869 I od .oAt}PSHe[|d[St I?A It3} `oAI?PunIJdt3 !tz} tzAox •t2.f[Io.feq !}ueIH"2JiTst ieurtf?pnf tuT8e!desT}ue i "3Isne8 STA JI Tt3HTPTp !tzluloTzodo ?Jt2p -ns sonf .,,huoH!|qndsel" h.muloutpt2A `sof!oT|t}oH s?u[8eTdt3sI}ue so!sn.r?]dT}s }t3|onu Teq `.ur z89| onu eurlueAA8 9urt2tuI|T|od xc|i solsnAtzu[ulop `s?|ondnJS rtytlTu![t3§ sor ]T seu[url8 h89!dt}s dme| stzlt3H sm3p!A OHAA It2H§!}Htzj e[g So8!t2qtzd .ur 469l onu nef .h!uprost2d h}[ry JI o.f?mi efo.f[Joi!J9} xGi st2ulIAt3que^ h[uT|t3p hlutq|t28t2d hT§ ne?gt3| i3Jt2H s?mt2!s i !}H"3J}TS} o.f?pt2Jd t3HT|qndset| soAn}9!|-sor[Hue| dTt3| •sn8[uld or zn lt2Is"3Iuzt3p IT !ult2ul}tzHs d?t3s[A sne!|t2Jt2H Tt2H!P[P ?Jt2P [tz| lt2}st3Jdt3d ^,, •so8At| eIld surt2sHt3s faq|t28tzd i h[uI|t3p hTulq|t}8t2d h.rm3u !]shls JT !}onqJeA Ti?pt:Jd le§as. Apviltas karalius vis labiau linko remtis antisapieginemis jegomis, suteiku- siomis Augustui 11 veiksmingesnQ pagalba3. Tokia karaliaus nuotaiku evoliucija sustiprino „respublikonu" pozicijas lemiamo susidtirimo su Sapiegomis i§vakarese. Tolydus karaliaus palankumo antisapieginems jegoms didejimas 1700 in. neke- lia didesniu abejoniu, ta6iau LDK prie§i5ku stovyklu realu indeli, siun6iant pagal- binius dalinius prie Rygos, dar reikia i§samiau i§tirti. Tyrimus apsunkina Ziniu apie i§ LDK siun6iamu daliniu dydzius, esan6iu istoriniuose §altiniuose, ypa6 1ai§kuose ir ivairiuose „prane§imuose i§ karo stovyklos", nepatikimumas. Abejotini skai6iai - visuotine §altiniu apie karo veiksmus yda. Manoma, kad LDK abiejuL politiniu stovyklu lyderiai - etmonas K. J. Sapiega bei Zemaitijos senitinas Grigalius Antanas Oginskis (Ogihski) -dar karo i§vakarese pasizadejo paremti karaliaus rengta karinQ akcija Livonijoje. J. H. Flemmingas 1700 in. kovo 4 d. ra§ytame lai§ke papra§e K. J. Sapiega paremti pradeta Rygos puolima, primindamas jam ankstesni susitarima, kuris buvo Zinomas ir 8. P. Sapie- gai4. Jokios konkre6ios §io susitarimo detales nera Zinomos. Ta6iau K. J. Sapiegai toks Saksonijos kariuomenes vado pra§ymas nebuvo netiketas. Kovo 6 d. LDK etmonas sutiko atsiusti J. H. Flemmingui pagalbinius dalinius5. Kad buvo tartasi ir su G. A. Oginskiu, rodo Augusto 11 nurodymas J. H. Flemmingui pasiremti Zemai- tijos senitino pagalba, duotas dar 1700 in. sausio 12 d. i§ Leipcigo. Ta6iau pats saksu generolas daugiau vil6iu dejo i LDK etmona, vengdamas vykdyti karaliaus nurodymq bendradarbiauti su G. A. Oginskiu, del kurio pasitilymu realumo ir veiks- mingumo abejojo6. Pirmieji i§ LDK prie Rygos atsiusti daliniai. „Nebaigta i§formuoti" kariuomene Istoriografijoje teigiama, kad pirmi K. J. Sapiegos siusti daliniai -400 pestinin- ku ir 250 kariu valaku - lengvosios kavalerijos veliava, atvyko prie Rygos tik geguzes 29 d., o toks velavimas labai sumazino suteiktos paramos verte7. Ta6iau yra pakankamai svariu irodymu, jog LDK etmonas saksams suteike parama Zymiai anks6iau. Jau kovo men. i§ LDK buvo prane§ama apie K. J. Sapiegos siun6iamus 3 Ten pat, p. 226-238; J. S t a s z e w s k i, Awgws/ // A4oc7ry, Wroclaw,1998, s.109,117-118. 4 J. S t a s z e w s k i, a j7tj.cjscc w E!map!.c, s.
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