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Strategy and Geopolitics of Sea Power Throughout History
Baltic Security & Defence Review Volume 11, Issue 2, 2009 Strategy and Geopolitics of Sea Power throughout History By Ilias Iliopoulos PhD, Professor at the Hellenic Staff College The great master of naval strategy and geopolitics Rear-Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan famously stated: “Control of the sea by maritime commerce and naval supremacy means predominant influence in the world … (and) is the chief among the merely material elements in the power and prosperity of nations.”1 Some three centuries before Mahan, H. M.’s Servant Sir Walter Raleigh held that “he that commands the sea, commands the trade, and he that is lord of the trade of the world is lord of the wealth of the world.”2 Accordingly, it may be said that even the final collapse of the essentially un-maritime and land-bound Soviet empire at the end of the long 20th century was simply the latest illustration of the strategic advantages of sea power. Like most realist strategists Mahan believed that international politics was mainly a struggle over who gets what, when and how. The struggle could be about territory, resources, political influence, economic advantage or normative interests (values). The contestants were the leaders of traditional nation-states; military and naval forces were their chief instrument of policy. Obviously, sea power is about naval forces – and coastguards, marine or civil-maritime industries and, where relevant, the contribution of land and air forces. Still, it is more than that; it is about geography, geopolitics, geo- strategy, geo-economics and geo-culture; it is about the sea-based capacity of a state to determine or influence events, currents and developments both at sea and on land. -
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth As a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity*
Chapter 8 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity* Satoshi Koyama Introduction The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita) was one of the largest states in early modern Europe. In the second half of the sixteenth century, after the union of Lublin (1569), the Polish-Lithuanian state covered an area of 815,000 square kilometres. It attained its greatest extent (990,000 square kilometres) in the first half of the seventeenth century. On the European continent there were only two larger countries than Poland-Lithuania: the Grand Duchy of Moscow (c.5,400,000 square kilometres) and the European territories of the Ottoman Empire (840,000 square kilometres). Therefore the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the largest country in Latin-Christian Europe in the early modern period (Wyczański 1973: 17–8). In this paper I discuss the internal diversity of the Commonwealth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and consider how such a huge territorial complex was politically organised and integrated. * This paper is a part of the results of the research which is grant-aided by the ‘Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research’ program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 2005–2007. - 137 - SATOSHI KOYAMA 1. The Internal Diversity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland-Lithuania before the union of Lublin was a typical example of a composite monarchy in early modern Europe. ‘Composite state’ is the term used by H. G. Koenigsberger, who argued that most states in early modern Europe had been ‘composite states, including more than one country under the sovereignty of one ruler’ (Koenigsberger, 1978: 202). -
Neuroscience Product Handbook
www.MedChemExpress.com MedChemExpressMedChemExpress Neuroscience Product Handbook Pain Biological Rhythms and Sleep Neuromuscular Diseases AutonomicNeuroendocrine Somatosensation metabolism Regulation Processes transduction Behavioral Neuroethology Neuroendocrin feature soding Food Intake oral and speech From the itineraries of and Energy Balance vocal/social 8,329 attendees Touch Thirst and communication Water Balance social behavior Development peptides at the 2018 SfN meeting Ion Channels and Evolution Stress and social cognition opiates the Brain monoamines Spinal Cord Adolescent Development PTSD Injury and Plasticity Postnatal autism Developmental fear Neurogenesis Disorders human social Mood cognition ADHD, Disorders Human dystexia Anxiety Cognition and Neurogenesis depression Appetitive Behavior and Gllogenesis bipolar and Aversive timing Development of Motor, Schizophrenia Learning perception Sensory,and Limbic Systems perceptual learning Other Psychiatric executive attention Stem Cells... mitochondria Emotionfunction human Parkinson's Glial Mechanisms biomarkers reinforcement long-term Disease Synaptogenesis human human memory Huntington's Transplant and ... Development Neurotransm., Motivation decisions working and Regen Axon and Transportors, memory PNS G-Protein...Signaling animal Dendrite reward decision visual Other Movement Development Receptors learning and memory model microglia making decisions Disorders Demyelinating NMDA dopamine ataxia Disorders place cells, GABA, LT P Synaptic grid cells gly... Plasticity striatum -
Hitting a Wall: an Ambiguous Case of Wallenberg Syndrome
Open Access Case Report DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16268 Hitting a Wall: An Ambiguous Case of Wallenberg Syndrome James R. Pellegrini 1 , Rezwan Munshi 1 , Bohao Cao 1 , Samuel Olson 2 , Vincent Cappello 1 1. Internal Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, USA 2. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA Corresponding author: Bohao Cao, [email protected] Abstract Wallenberg syndrome is the most common stroke of the posterior circulation. Diagnosis of Wallenberg syndrome is often overlooked as initial MRI may show no visible lesion. We present an atypical case of Wallenberg syndrome in which the initial MRI of the brain was normal. Our patient is a 65-year-old male who was brought in by emergency medical services complaining of right- sided facial droop, slurred speech, and left-sided weakness for one day. Physical examination showed decreased left arm and leg strength compared to the right side, decreased left facial temperature sensations, decreased left arm and leg temperature sensations, and difficulty sitting upright with an associated leaning towards the left side. An initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with and without contrast revealed no abnormality. In light of such a high suspicion for stroke based on the patient’s neurologic deficits, a repeat MRI of the brain was performed three days later and exposed a small focus of bright signal (hyperintensity) on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the left posterior medulla. Wallenberg syndrome, also known as lateral medullary syndrome or posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome, is a constellation of symptoms caused by posterior vascular accidents. -
How to Improve the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke by Modern Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, and New Treatment Methods
life Review How to Improve the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke by Modern Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, and New Treatment Methods Kamil Zele ˇnák 1,2,* , Antonín Krajina 3, Lukas Meyer 4, Jens Fiehler 4, ESMINT Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Ad hoc Committee 2, Daniel Behme 2,5, Deniz Bulja 2,6, Jildaz Caroff 2,7 , Amar Ajay Chotai 2,8 , Valerio Da Ros 2,9 , Jean-Christophe Gentric 2,10, Jeremy Hofmeister 2,11, Omar Kass-Hout 2,12 , Özcan Kocatürk 2,13, Jeremy Lynch 2,14, Ernesto Pearson 2,15 and Ivan Vukasinovic 2,16 1 Clinic of Radiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03659 Martin, Slovakia 2 ESMINT Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Ad hoc Committee, ESMINT, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; offi[email protected] (E.A.I.R.A.h.C.); [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (A.A.C.); [email protected] (V.D.R.); [email protected] (J.-C.G.); [email protected] (J.H.); [email protected] (O.K.-H.); [email protected] (Ö.K.); [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (E.P.); [email protected] (I.V.) 3 Citation: Zeleˇnák,K.; Krajina, A.; Department of Radiology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, CZ-500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; [email protected] Meyer, L.; Fiehler, J.; ESMINT 4 Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics 20251 Hamburg, Germany; [email protected] (L.M.); fi[email protected] (J.F.) Ad hoc Committee; Behme, D.; Bulja, 5 University Clinic for Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, D.; Caroff, J.; Chotai, A.A.; Da Ros, V.; 39120 Magdeburg, Germany et al. -
A Neighbourhood Under Storm Zhabei and Shanghai Wars
European Journal of East Asian Studies EJEAS . () – www.brill.nl/ejea A Neighbourhood under Storm Zhabei and Shanghai Wars Christian Henriot Institut d’Asie orientale, Université de Lyon—Institut Universitaire de France [email protected] Abstract War was a major aspect of Shanghai history in the first half of the twentieth century. Yet, because of the particular political and territorial divisions that segmented the city, war struck only in Chinese-administered areas. In this paper, I examine the fate of the Zhabei district, a booming industrious area that came under fire on three successive occasions. Whereas Zhabei could be construed as a success story—a rag-to-riches, swamp-to-urbanity trajectory—the three instances of military conflict had an increasingly devastating impact, from shaking, to stifling, to finally erase Zhabei from the urban landscape. This area of Shanghai experienced the first large-scale modern warfare in an urban setting. The skirmish established the pattern in which the civilian population came to be exposed to extreme forms of violence, was turned overnight into a refugee population, and lost all its goods and properties to bombing and fires. Keywords war; Shanghai; urban; city; civilian; military War is not the image that first comes to mind about Shanghai. In most accounts or scholarly studies, the city stands for modernity, economic prosperity and cultural novelty. It was China’s main financial centre, commercial hub, indus- trial base and cultural engine. In its modern history, however, Shanghai has experienced several instances of war. One could start with the takeover of the city in by the Small Sword Society and the later attempts by the Taip- ing armies to approach Shanghai. -
Acute Stroke Thrombolysis Guideline (Template) TIME IS BRAIN Call “Code Stroke” DOOR to NEEDLE TARGET IS Less Than 60 MINUTES!
Acute Stroke Thrombolysis Guideline (Template) TIME IS BRAIN Call “Code Stroke” DOOR TO NEEDLE TARGET IS less than 60 MINUTES! Guideline: Use of IV Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (rtPA, tPA, Alteplase, Actilyse®) in Acute Ischaemic Stroke This treatment is indicated in selected acute stroke patients. See New Zealand Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management 2010 www.nzgg.org.nz Purpose This stroke thrombolysis guideline is intended to guide clinicians when planning stroke thrombolysis with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (Alteplase). [NB: this template has been developed by the NZ National Thrombolysis Working Group, requires local adaptation, and can be used as a guideline or converted into a pathway by adding tick boxes and patient sticker areas]. Thrombolysis should be considered in patients with acute stroke symptoms arriving within 3.5 hours (treat IV within 4.5 hrs) of symptom onset. Alteplase CANNOT be substituted with any other fibrinolytic agents, including other forms of recombinant tPA. Definitions “Code Stroke” is a key component of effective thrombolysis and denotes a rapid treatment pathway to minimise onset to needle time. It is a communication protocol to activate the appropriate Stroke Thrombolysis Team to meet the patient at the hospital door. This will utilise different resources in different hospitals. It also includes: 1. Avoidance of transit to non-thrombolysis hospitals 2. Pre-hospital notification that a potential stroke thrombolysis patient is en-route with an estimated time of arrival 3. Bloods and IV lines x 2 performed in transit if no delays would result, or otherwise at hospital triage 4. Pre-notification of CT staff of pending arrival 5. -
Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun╎s
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations School of Arts and Sciences October 2012 Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1 Cecilia S. Seigle Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Economics Commons, Family, Life Course, and Society Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Seigle, Cecilia S. Ph.D., "Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1" (2012). Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations. 7. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/7 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/7 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Some Observations on the Weddings of Tokugawa Shogun’s Daughters – Part 1 Abstract In this study I shall discuss the marriage politics of Japan's early ruling families (mainly from the 6th to the 12th centuries) and the adaptation of these practices to new circumstances by the leaders of the following centuries. Marriage politics culminated with the founder of the Edo bakufu, the first shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616). To show how practices continued to change, I shall discuss the weddings given by the fifth shogun sunaT yoshi (1646-1709) and the eighth shogun Yoshimune (1684-1751). The marriages of Tsunayoshi's natural and adopted daughters reveal his motivations for the adoptions and for his choice of the daughters’ husbands. The marriages of Yoshimune's adopted daughters show how his atypical philosophy of rulership resulted in a break with the earlier Tokugawa marriage politics. -
Big GUNS OPEN up on First Day of HONG KONG OPEN
Sports FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 2015 43 Miyahara, Gold headline season-opening Skate America PARIS: Japan’s Satoko Miyahara opens her March behind Russia’s Elizaveta Kazakh skater Elizabet Tursynbaeva could Olympic and world pairs silver medallists, bid for a first gold at the season-opening ISU Tuktamysheva and has been assigned Skate also challenge after winning gold in this will compete this weekend along with world Grand Prix of Figure Skating event Skate America and the NHK Trophy as her two month’s Autumn Classic in Canada. silver medallists Sui Wenjing and Han Cong America in Milwaukee today in a field that events in the six-leg Grand Prix series. In the men’s field, Kazakhstan’s Olympic of China. includes US hope Gracie Gold and Russia’s Miyahara, who finished runner-up bronze medalist Denis Ten is the top-ranked Julia Lipnitskaya. With former three-time behind Asada in the Japan Open earlier this skater, although his coach Frank Carroll has Returning world champion Mao Asada making her month, will be among three Japanese said he is struggling with groin and hip prob- Olympic champion Yuzuru Hanyu of return to competition this season, the 17- women competing in Wisconsin along with lems. “Of course, he is doing the best he can, Japan gets his season underway at Skate year-old Miyahara will be looking to set her- Haruka Imai, 22, and Miyu Nakashio, 19. With but at the moment he’s not up to snuff,” said Canada from October 30 to November 1, self up as a challenger to the 25-year-old the world championships taking place in her Carroll. -
Endocrine Abstracts Vol 65
Endocrine Abstracts November 2019 Volume 65 ISSN 1479-6848 (online) Society for Endocrinology BES 2019 11–13 November 2019, Brighton published by Online version available at bioscientifica www.endocrine-abstracts.org Volume 65 Endocrine Abstracts November 2019 Society for Endocrinology BES 2019 11–13 November 2019, Brighton VOLUME EDITORS The abstracts submitted were marked by the Abstract Marking panel, selected by the Programme Organising Committee. Programme Committee D Bassett (Programme Secretary) (London) Laura Matthews (Leeds) Andrew Childs (Programme Co-ordinator) (London) Carla Moran (Cambridge) Nils Krone (Programme Co-ordinator) (Sheffield) Annice Mukherjee (Salford) Helen Simpson (Programme Co-ordinator) (London) Francesca Spiga (Bristol) Davide Calebiro (Birmingham) Jeremy Tomlinson (Oxford) Ben Challis (Cambridge) Jennifer Walsh (Sheffield) Mandy Drake (Edinburgh) Abstract Marking Panel Ramzi Ajjan (Leeds) Neil Gittoes (Birmingham) John Newell-Price (Sheffield) Richard Anderson (Edinburgh) Helena Gleeson (Birmingham) Mark Nixon (Edinburgh) Ruth Andrew (Edinburgh) Philippa Hanson (London) Finbarr O’Harte (Ulster) Weibke Arlt (Birmingham) Martin Hewison (Birmingham) Adrian Park (Cambridge) Mo Aye (Hull) Claire Higham (Manchester) Simon Pearce (Newcastle) Tom Barber (Warwick) Steve Hillier (Edinburgh) Andrew Powlson (Cambridge) Duncan Bassett (London) Andy James (Newcastle) Teresa Rea (Belfast) Roger Brown (Edinburgh) Channa Jayasena (London) Martin Read (Birmingham) Paul Carroll (London) Niki Karavitaki (Oxford) Aled Rees (Cardiff) -
Avalanche Beat Flames to Go Top in Central
SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 2013 SPORTS Photo of the day TOKYO: Figure skaters Elena Radionova of Russia (L), Mao Asada of Japan (C) and Akiko Suzuki of Japan (R) pose for photographers during the award ceremony for the women’s singles in the NHK Trophy, the fourth leg of the six-stage ISU figure skating Grand Prix series in Tokyo yesterday. Asada won the event. —AFP Japan’s Asada scores back-to-back GP wins TOKYO: Japan’s two-time world champion at 253.16 and former US champion Jeremy Mao Asada won back-to-back Grand Prix titles Abbott at 237.41. Takahashi’s victory kept yesterday, in a warning to her archrival and alive his chance of qualifying for the Grand Olympic champion Kim Yu-Na ahead of the Prix Final. “I guess I was a bit overwhelmed Sochi Winter Games. Asada’s compatriot and by the atmosphere, which was quite tense former world champion Daisuke Takahashi, today,” Takahashi said. “But I managed to who is recovering from a stumbling start to show improvement from Skate America,” he the Olympic season, took the men’s title at said. “I think my confidence has come back the NHK Trophy in Tokyo, the fourth leg of the somewhat.” He has struggled with four-revo- six-round Grand Prix series. lution jumps in recent years-crashing in the Asada, the runner-up to Kim at the 2010 short programme at Skate America.—AFP Daniel Mueller performs in Steinsoultz, France.— www.redbull.com Vancouver Olympics, broke her own personal best scores in the free skating and the com- NHK Trophy results bined total, slightly closing up big gaps on the South Korean superstar’s world records. -
Above the Clouds Page 1
Above the Clouds Page 1 Above the Clouds Status Culture of the Modern Japanese Nobility Takie Sugiyama Lebra University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London Above the Clouds Page 2 University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 1993 by The Regents of the University of California First Paperback Printing 1995 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lebra, Takie Sugiyama, 1930- Above the clouds : status culture of the modern Japanese nobility / Takie Sugiyama Lebra. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-520-07602-8 1. Japan—Social life and customs—20th century. 2. Nobility— Japan. L Title. DS822.3.L42 1992 306.4’0952—dc20 91-28488 Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Above the Clouds Page 3 To the memory of William P. Lebra Above the Clouds Page 4 Contents List of Tables List of Illustrations Orthographic Note on Japanese Words Acknowledgments 1. Studying the Aristocracy: Why, What, and How? 2. Creating the Modern Nobility: The Historical Legacy 3. Ancestors: Constructing Inherited Charisma 4. Successors: Immortalizing the Ancestors 5. Life-Style: Markers of Status and Hierarchy 6. Marriage: Realignment of Women and Men 7. Socialization: Acquisition and Transmission of Status Culture 8. Status Careers: Privilege and Liability 9. Conclusion Epilogue: The End of Showa Notes Glossary References Above the Clouds Page 5 Tables 1.