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The Valley Isle The island of Maui, built by two large volcanoes, now dormant, is rhe second largest of the Hawaiian group. The two volcanoes formed separate mountain masses, which, as they grew, became joined by an isthmus to form an island 25 miles from north to south and 38.4 miles from east to west, with an area of 728 square miles. The valley-like isthmus between the two mountain masses give Maui its nickname "The Valley Island." Maui lies midway between and the southernmost island, . le is 28 minutes by jet from Honolulu to Kabului airport over a 70-mile stretch of water. The trip is usually made over che islands of Molokai and Lanai. The western peninsula land mass is composed of an 18-mile screech of mountains, the Honolua volcanic series. The highest peak is Puu Kukui, 5,788 feet, from which at times all the islands of the group may be seen. This mountain was formed by a great volcano whose caldera is now eroded into the beauciful Iao valley, drained by the lao scream. The valley is a scenic spot with its forest-dad palis and a rock pinnacle, the Needle, 2,250 feet high. A favorite subject of photographers, it once inspired Mark Twain to write a Hawaiian fantasy. The southeastern land mass is formed by the world's largest dor­ mant volcano, Haleakala, meaning "House of the Sun.'" Haleakala � covers an area of 33 miles; its highest point is 10,023 feet high ( Red Hill); its crater is seven miles in length, two miles wide and 21 miles in circumference. Within this gigantic crater are small crater cones, ·caverns, a desert plain, forest niches, luxuriant meadows, a sparkling lake, trees, monster raspberry bushes and the rare and o-... exotic silversword. The highest cone within the crater is higher than Q::, che Empire Scace Building. z cs: The isthmus chat separates the two Maui mountain masses is a �� rich plain which supports the greater portion of the island's agricul­ ture, industries and population of about 39,000. W AILUKU is Maui's main city and county seat. It is located on the isthmus three miles from Kahului, the principal pore. Wailuku nestles at the mouth of Iao Valley. It is a modern city with gov-

ALL AaouT HA w AII • 127 ernmenc buildings, hotels, a radio and TV station, newspaper plane, schools, churches, stores and sugar mill. A nee work of good paved roads leads from Wailuku to all parts of the island with the completion of the new Kamaio-Nuu highway along the rugged coastline chat skirts the western side of Haleakala. This· new road opens through ancient lava flows and opens new fields of exploration of ancient Hawaiian villages. Maui's county officials guide the destinies of a county composed of three .islands-Maui, Molokai and lanai. Curiously, geologists cell us that if the ocean level were to be lowered 250 feet, the three islands would be one land mass. County affairs are governed by a body of eight supervisors and a full-time chairman, who is an executive officer ·similar to a mayor. KAHULUI, Maui's principal pore, is located on the northern (windward) side of the isthmus. The harbor is protected by break­ waters and has facilities for large freighters. The pore includes bulk sugar loading facilities by which the raw sugar is poured into the holds of vessels. Kahului is the site of a modern shopping district, several resort horels and new residential areas which are pare of a 2 5-year re­ development plan which was started by Kahului Development Com­ pany in the early 1950's. LOOKING WESTWARD LAHAINA, with its rich historical background, is located on the leeward side of the western Maui land mass. It is an open road­ stead, where, in early days, U. S. naval .fleets anchored in its pro­ tecting waters. Now a sugar and pineapple "plantation wwn," Lahaina is reached by a 22-mile scenic drive from Wailuku. Lahaina was the capital of the whaling industry from 1840 to 1865. Its roadstead provided anchorage for as many as 596 whaling ships wintering in the Islands. It is now the site of an annual Whaling Spree. Among its points of historical interest are the largest banyan tree in Hawaii, planted in 1873, the coral scone court house erected in 1857, the old mission house builc in 1831 and several churches built From the shores of Lahaina, with the Lurline off the coast. a century ago. ALL A!lOUT HAWAII • 129 Lahainaluna high school,opened in 1831, is the oldest school west of the Rocky Mountains. The school was the place where the first newspaper to be published in Hawaii, Ka Lama Hawaii, went to press February 14, 1834. David Malo, Hawaii's first native scholar and historian, was educated at Lahainaluna and is buried on the hill above, Puu Pau Pau. In the cemetery at Wainee church is a plot sacred to all Ha­ waiians. It is the burial place of Queen Keopualani, the highest born wife of Kamehameha the Great and the mother of Kamehameha II and Ill. Also buried there are King Kaumrtalii, the last independent king of ; the High Chief , close comrade of Kameha­ meha the Great; and Queen Kalakaua, another wife of Kamehameha the Great and grandmother of Kamehameha IV and V and King Lunalilo. Kaanapali, near Lahaina, has developed into a big resort area since the Sheraton-Maui started building on a lava rock overlooking the ... sea coast in 1962. Now there is championship golf course and 21 OS several new hotels including a Hilton Hotel, which opened in 1967. ..." To the north of Kaanapali Beach are many hotels and cottage � colonies along the coastline. I J: � "' .! LOOKING TO THE EAST ::i::.. .s"' HANA, an ancient seat of Hawaiian culture, nestles in a valley -0::, on the eastern flank of Haleakala. It is a fabulously beauti,ful spot 0::s with waterfalls and steep cliffs and two sandy beaches protected by a reefs. Until 1950 ir was accessible only by a spectacular winding road around the mountain, 55 miles from Wailuku, which is still a popular scenic route. Hana Valley has been developed as the deluxe vacation resort spot of the Islands. Hotel Hana-Maui is the modern, luxurjous nucleus around which "old Hawaii still lives on." Guests seeking casual informality and genuine friendly Hawaiian hospitality are delighted with rhe thoughtful "loose-collar luxury" of this famous hotel resort. Designed to offer •both relaxing pleasures and exciting activities, the hotel specializes in fine ranch-raised food, fresh-caught seafood and features shore fishing, poolside bar­ becue dinners, riding, surf fun, sports, hiking, sightseeing, native crafts and entertainment. The 15,000-acre ranch and Hotel Hana-Maui support a nauve

130 • TH!WM'S HAWAIIAN ALMANAC population, many of whom are gifted entertainers, guides and pani­ 20 to over 30 years to mature olos (cowboys). The Hana Hawaiians are descendants of a people It then sen� out stalk which often a a central blooming m y grow o�e f e who early developed a flourishing Polynesian center in this valley. of rhe our te r in one month. At month rhe entire plane e the end When Captain Cook rediscovered the lslands in 1778, Hana had a di� s. A campgroun d with fireplaces population of about 3,000. Kamehameha started his conquests from maintaine ood' restrooms, and d at 7,000 feet a water is e ne r kpar hwea d qua ther . to camp. rters for those who wish Hana has its own airport and a small port serves the scenic vil­ lage on the southeastern-tropical coast. Temperature is a comfortable ITEMS OF INTEREST ° ABOUT MAUI 70-80 F. the year around. . e THE ROSELANI (Lok N arby Kipahulu is the locale of the Seven Sacred Pools and e1an· J m Hawaiian) is· M ·• r t is · a r e s . _auJ s offi c1 a • l flower. Kipahu Valley which have been surveyed as a possible Nature d cottage ro e that grew beetle luxunantly before the Conservancy project. came to the Islands Japanese THE ROYAL FAMILY OF MAUI IN THE HOUSE OF THE SUN greatest and 'pr od uc d many of Hawaii's strongest native rulers � \The The _most a�ous a e Thunderer), who ruled · was K h kili He Maui La na1, M0Ioka The first obj ective of many visitors to Maui is Haleakala Crater. ume of his dea s . 1 and Oahu at the th al o exe�c1sed control a a e a brother, over Kauai u Haleakal had, for many ye rs, b en a section of the Hawaii N ­ the con�rt of K ua thro gh his J s q n. Many a tional Parks. It became Haleakala National Park, the nation's 30th vinced that Kahekili : H waiians are con­ was t e true t�a a a u s a althou t �r of K mehameha e nation l park, on J ly 1, 1961 a provided for by n act of Congress, gh the two kings e th Great we e gag d a a e all m war re gains Sept mber 13, 1960. their lives. Kamehameh: cli; _f t each othe; not u eed JO u Haleakala means "House of the Sun" and is the place from which on the island of Hawaii conq ests other than until af �er t : e ��ath e a s s a THE of Kahekili in th demigod, M ui, nared the un nd made it promise to move FIRST TELEPHONES � 1795. a awau wer� insta more slowly through the sky. 1878 when merchant � r lled on Maui in C. H J y ran a Thetrip to Haleakala is made over paved roads starting at sea level and his home at a hoe between his H iku.' Later Mr. CD�JC store e a e u a e a e telepho .. key became the a and nding t th s mmit t 10,023 fe t above se level. The short st ne equipment in H awa11. genr for BeH a a road distance from Kahului Airport is 26 miles and is vi H waii FOREST RESERVES au . on M i total a u a For . 157, 015 cres. 37, 377, and 378. On the way yo will pass through sugar c. ne and information on Maut H . .. ?? a ore ls, Write the Ha v· 1· pineapple fields, residential areas, and ranchland. No food or gasoline --8 5 K lakaua Aven wau JS tors Bureau, ue, Honolulu 96815. are available in the park. The National Park Service maintains three cabins within the crater. These cabins can only be reached by several hours walking or on horseback. A small fee is charged for cabin use and advance per­ mission must be obtained from the Park Service before using the cabins. The trail into the crater descends from 10,000 feet on the crater rim to 7,000 feet on the crater floor. The Silversword, a rare plant found nowhere else in the world ( except on the isl and of Hawaii), grows in the more desolate spots in the crater. The plant received its name from the silver appearance of its thin sword-like leaves. A dense growth- of hair on the leaves reflects the sun's rays and pr events lo ss of moisture. The plant takes

132 • T111rnM's HAwAnAN ALMANAC \i.L ABOUT HAWAII • 133 Kauai is of unusual interest to the student of . lrs alii (nobility) traced their ancestry directly to the alii of . ISLAND OF the Pacific homeland of the Polynesians who came after the mene­ KAUAI hunes. The Kauai alii maintained pure blood lines and their women were sought as wives for the ruling alii of ocher island kingdoms. Kauai's culture can be traced more readily to ics Tahitian begin­ nings than can that of any ocher Hawaiian island. Kauai Hawaiians. for instance, still use certain distinctive sounds in word pronuncia­ tion. Geographically, Kauai is the northernmost island of the Hawaiian group, being 95 miles west by northwest of Oahu. le is the fourth i ,land in size, having an area of 5 51 square miles. The island is circular in shape, with a diameter of 32 miles. Kauai county has a population of about 25,600. Th e largest center of population is at Lihue, the county seat. Other towns and villages are built along a highway bfacketing the coastal area. Largest among these are Kapaa, Waimea and Hanapepe. Geologists describe Kauai as a "dissecred dome," built up by a great extinct volcano. The highest peak of chis old dome, Mr. Waialeale, is Kawaikini, 5,240 feet. It marks the edge of the great volcanic caldera which, filled in by erosion, is now a swampy plateau called Alakai swamp. Kauai The plateau drops off in cliffs 2,700 feet high on the northwest. Na Pali (The Cliffs) side. An average annual rainfall of 486. I The Garden Isle inches or more than 40 feet a year on Waialeale caused erosion of great valleys in the flanks of the dome. Waimea canyon, the island's e of its lush n tural Kauai is called the Garden Island b cause � most spectacular view, is 2.857 fe et d eep, but three canyons on the greenery and beautiful gardens; it is also land, the island north side, Waioiha, Lumahai and Haoalei, are from 2,910 to 3,439 richest in menehune lore. feet in depth. . . of The are commonly called the p1x1es, or d�arfs . Waialeale is the earth's rainiest spot, according to the National e people as high legendary Hawaii. Legends describe th m as small _ Geographic Society. Year in and year our, this Kauai peak has held e eats of consrrucnon- as a man's knee" who performed marv lous f the world's record for the highest average rainfall. The United all in one night. Stares Geological Survey records show an average of 486.I inches e the Islands first Legend has it chat the menehunes wer really of rain. The heaviest rainfall was recorded in the year ending July e ople wh bec e Polynesian settlers. They were normal-siz � � � 27, 1948. It was 624.l inches. mall 1n compansoo with dwarfed in legend because they seemed s_ Historically, Kauai is unique in many respects. Because sailing e ans who me lacer. che magnificent, call, warrior-typ Polynesi ':" co chis windward island was difficult, its ancient people suffered on Kauai to make their Legends say that che meoehunes gathered fewer devastating invasions than the other islands, which were last stand against the conquerors. closer to each other. Kauai remained an independent kingdom until 0 '1'111HJM S HAWAllAN ALMANAC 134 • ALL Al.lOUT HAWAII • 135

INTERRACIAL MARRIAGES AS PERCENTAGE OF ALL MARRIAGES-1912-1964

TOTALNUMBER OF MARRIAGES PER CENT OUTMARRtAGES 1930- 1940- 1950- 1960- 1920- 1940- 1960- 1912- 1920- 1940 1949t 1964t 1912- 1930- 1950- 1916• 1930* 1959t 1916* 1930• 1940 l949t 1959t 1964t 19.4 f Grooms ...... 1,018 1,972 1,450 1,187 965 991 SU33.S 62.155.2 66.311.2 78.981.5 85.9 l1a1

MARRIAGES BY RACE OF GROOM AND RACE OF BRIDE STATE OF HAWAU, 1966

0 F ALL RACES RACE BRIDE RACE OF GROOM FIii- Sa- Nt• Num-her Per- Cauca- Hawal• nut Per- Part Chi- Japa- Pu.rtoRican Ko- gro Other Num-btr cent slan ian Haw'n plno n,se rean moan No...... 611 Roc,s 21RI cenl 5792 2012 65 Pct. 58 1157 252 1388 101 69 34 45 All Rnes ...... 4.4 1.7 �7, 100.0 84.7 1.0 20.0 10.5 24.0 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.8 111 Caucasian ...... -. 2338 40.4 1567 18G 3 8111 46 134 161 30 21 25 2 191 33.0 Hawal:an ...... 60 1.0 16 31 '"liii 2 Part H•waUun ...... 1 s l 8 54 90.049.6 976 16.9 217 22 492 1281 84 24 Chinese ...... 231 4.0 46 484 31 20 105 814 57 121 4 1 4 Fill1llno ..._, ...... 606 10.5 72 81 4 126 54.5 137 9 41 3 14 292 48.2 Japanes, ...... 1269 21.9 58 91 45 3914 1016 I. Pucrt o Rican...... 48 1 1 253 19.9 101 1.7 227 1 26 ""ij 6 26 2 · 3 ...... 35 I{orcnn ...... 0.8 1 ·s 76 74.3 2 ...... l3 152 · JS 4 1 12.9 �amoan ...... 60 1.0 7 l 14 l - ...... Negro ...... 9 .... 1 a 26 43.3 59 1.0 6 ...... 1514 5 ·····-1 ··•··· ...... 27 32 54.2 Other Races...... 44 0.8 6 2 1 JJ 38 75.0 0 OutMarriages • N 2181 ·····• 445 52 Pct...... 665 147 297 372 75 52 35 7 34 Among Rd des 37.7 22.1 89.7 57.5 58.3 48.6 26 8 74.3 80.0 50.7 20.6 75.6 Source: Department of Health.