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FORM, CHARACTER, and CULTURAL INFLUENCE. By CHINESE SETLEMENT IN THAILAND : FORM, CHARACTER, AND CULTURAL INFLUENCE. By Paramaporn Sirikulchayanont A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Program of Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Graduate School SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY 2009 CHINESE SETLEMENT IN THAILAND : FORM, CHARACTER, AND CULTURAL INFLUENCE. By Paramaporn Sirikulchayanont A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Program of Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism (International Program) Graduate School SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY 2009 The Graduate School, Silpakorn University has approved and accredited the Thesis title of “Chinese Setlement in Thailand : Form, Character, and Cultural Influence” submitted by Ms.Paramaporn Sirikulchayanont as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism ……........................................................................ (Associate Professor Sirichai Chinatangkul,Ph.D.) Dean of Graduate School ........../..................../.......... The Thesis Advisor Professor Emeritus Ken Taylor The Thesis Examination Committee .................................................... Chairman (Assistant Professor Pibul Jinawath, Ph.D.) ............/......................../.............. .................................................... Member (Assistant Professor Chotima Chaturavong, Ph.D.) ............/......................../.............. .................................................... Member (Professor Emeritus Ken Taylor) ............/......................../.............. 48056964: MAJOR: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM KEYWORDS: PLACE/ CULTURAL HERITAGE/ CHINESE SETTLEMENT/ ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE PARAMAPORN SIRIKULCHAYANONT: CHINESE SETTLEMENT IN THAILAND: FORM, CHARACTER, AND CULTURAL INFLUENCE. THESIS ADVISOR: PROF. KEN TAYLOR. 213 PP. This research focuses on the relationship between place and people that reflect on the Chinese settlement in Thailand. It concentrates on cultural ideologies: ways of believing, ways of doing things, and ways of living, that people put into their place and shape it. Place is shaped through time by its people and reflects in its form and character. Through place making process, it becomes enriched with meanings that lead to sense of place, sense of belonging, attachment, and concern for that place. Place is full of messages, representing values from past, for present and future generations, that can be read. The term “settlement” is used in the geographical sense that places are occupied by people and have particular forms, components and patterns, which are shaped by people living in them. The research approach of this work is based on cultural approach, combining documentation and cross-sectional survey of different Chinese settlements in Thailand. This research explored and revealed various aspects of place significance of Chinese settlement in Thailand, which reflects the relationship between people and place, and is expressed in the settlement pattern, form, and development of tangible structures through time. It reveals that Chinese settlement in Thailand is a social and cultural construct with its people as a key. This dissertation contributes to the study of place significance of Chinese settlement in Thailand, which enables the realising of its meaning and character. Meanwhile, it also suggested a role of tourism to enhance the sense of belonging of the community, which will lead to the heritage conservation of Chinese settlement in Thailand. Program of Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2009 Student’s signature…………………………………………………………………………… Thesis Advisor’s signature…………………………………………………………………… c Acknowledgements If I can mention all the names, whose academically and morally supports have made this dissertation possible, and express my gratitude to those who have inspired me in many ways, this page will not be enough. Throughout the entire period of this work, there were many ups and downs, but many voices and supports out there gave me confidence to carry on. I owe the most gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Emeritus Ken Taylor, whose enthusiasm and strong support in my dissertation topic since the initial stage enabled me to finally accomplish this work. Several times that I almost lose my will, his encouragement and sincere guidance kept me on the right track. I am deeply grateful to Professor Emeritus Trungjai Buranasomphob for the educational opportunity that she kindly handed to me through the University Development Committee (UDC) scholarship, and has been of great help in pursuing my career path. My sincere gratitude goes to Assistant Professor Dr.Pibul Jinawath for his invaluable suggestions and dedication in reading every sentence of my work, as well as Assistant Professor Dr.Chotima Chaturavong for her support and guidance. Along the way of my work, I have met many people who have contributed to the completion of this dissertation differently. My big thanks go to all Chinese communities that I have visited, without their stories, I would not be able to complete this work. Some familiar faces have supported and helped me in many ways. Among them and foremost are Dr.Manus Kaewboucha and Dr.Sayamol Chairatudomkul, whose immense help, sincere support and suggestions in study and life made me realise the true friendship. Many good friends also gave me moral support, insightful conversation, good company, and help in one way or another. My sincere thanks go to Dr.Sutsan Suttipisan, Dr.Donruetai Kovattanakul, Dr.Waranan Sowannee, Dr.Kreangkrai Kerdsiri, Dr.Siriporn Luekveerawattana, Kamala Suwanpattra, Areeya Loy, my Triam Udom Suksa gang, my Indochina Services friends, my Art & Culture friends, and many more. I also would like to thank Thienrat Sakasupharerk, the coordinator of this international program for all her help. Meanwhile, some people whom I have brief chance to work with, also inspired me in the way I have never thought before, and I would like to mention Khun Sujit Wongthes and Khun Michael Wright. This dissertation would have been impossible without great support from all members of my family – Sirikulchayanont, and especially from my husband, Somporn Puttipattana, who has always been besides me in every steps of my work and every site visits we made. He has given me the most understanding, patience, care, and love since the beginning of my study, which coincide with the beginning of our family life. I am heartily thankful to him. Lastly, but not the least, I am grateful to my Chinese heritage, the inspiration of my topic, and would like to dedicate this dissertation to my beloved grandma, Ama Huang Lee, whose stories and memories have fulfilled this dissertation beautifully. d Table of Contents Page Abstract................................................................................................................... c Acknowledgments................................................................................................... d List of Figures ........................................................................................................ g Chapter 1 Introduction........................................................................................... 1 Statements and Significances of the Problems.............................. 1 Objectives...................................................................................... 4 Conceptual Framework ................................................................. 4 Scope and Structure of the Study .................................................. 4 Research Methodology.................................................................. 5 Definition....................................................................................... 5 Note on Romanization of Chinese and Thai Words...................... 7 Overview of the Dissertation......................................................... 7 2 Place and People ................................................................................... 10 The Notion of Place....................................................................... 10 Place and Space...................................................................... 10 Place Character, Place Identity, Sense of Place, and Spirit of Place................................................................... 12 Place and Ideologies...................................................................... 15 Cultural Ideology................................................................... 15 Ideology and Dwellings ......................................................... 16 Cultural Landscape........................................................................ 19 The Meaning of Cultural Landscape...................................... 19 Reading the Landscape .......................................................... 22 3 Chinese Settlement and Its Ideologies .................................................. 25 Daoism, Confucianism, and Feng-shui ......................................... 25 Chinese Kinship Structure: Family, Home, and Clan Association.............................................................. 33 Jia: Home and Family...................................................... 34 Family and Kin ................................................................ 36 Kinship
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