sustainability Article Framing Film-Induced Tourism into a Sustainable Perspective from Romania, Indonesia and Malaysia Yong Liu 1 , Wei Lee Chin 2 , Florin Nechita 3,* and Adina Nicoleta Candrea 4 1 Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Design and Creative Industries Programme, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan BE 1410, Brunei;
[email protected] 2 Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Geography, Environment and Development Programmme, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan BE 1410, Brunei;
[email protected] 3 Faculty of Sociology and Communication, Transilvania University of Bras, ov, 500036 Bras, ov, Romania 4 Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, Transilvania University of Bras, ov, 500036 Bras, ov, Romania;
[email protected] * Correspondence: fl
[email protected]; Tel.: +40-723-693-843 Received: 24 October 2020; Accepted: 25 November 2020; Published: 26 November 2020 Abstract: This paper is particularly focused on film-induced tourism investigation as well as its cultural promotion and cultural change effect that impact on both the tourist destinations and the tourist demands. The case studies include the famous Transylvania, Romania as well as the two comparative destinations in Southeast Asia namely Bali in Indonesia, and Penang in Malaysia. Although tourism planners have limited control over the content of the films produced in the respective destinations and how the destinations are being portrayed in films, it is reflected in our studies that, the imaginary, visual representations of the destinations, albeit negative or distorted from their original identities, are still useful and viable to promote the tourist destinations. The three discussion cases form up the stratification of multiple stages in terms of implementing film-induced tourism strategies to promote their destinations, spanning from one of the oldest film-induced tourist destinations Transylvania, to an over decade-long film-induced destination Ubud in Bali, to a sprouting film-induced destination George Town in Penang.