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Leaf Mother Tongues of 1971 Census GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3236 TO BE ANSWERED ON THE 11TH FEBRUARY, 2014/MAGHA 22, 1935 (SAKA) REGIONAL LANGUAGES 3236. SHRI VILAS MUTTEMWAR: Will the Minister of HOME AFFAIRS be pleased to state: (a) whether it is a fact that as per census of 1961 and 1971, many of the languages in 1961 census have been eliminated in the subsequent census of 1971; (b) if so, the details thereof along with the number of languages in 1961 and 1971; and (c) the criteria adopted to recognise the regional languages? ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS (SHRI R.P.N. SINGH) (a): The office of Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India in MHA conducts Population Census in the year ending with ‘1’ wherein data on various demographic and socio-economic parameters including that on languages / mother tongues spoken by people are collected. In Census 1961, name of all mother tongue returns were published irrespective of the number of speakers. The number of mother tongue names published in 1961 Census was 1652. Out of these, 208 Mother Tongues were reported by 10,000 or more speakers at the all- India level. Since Census 1971, in accordance with the decisions of the Govt. of India, names of mother tongues returned by 10,000 or more speakers at the all India level are only being published. The number of mother tongues with 10,000 or more speakers at the all-India level, as per 1971 Census was 132.The returns in the Census are respondent based. Hence, the question of deliberate elimination of languages / mother tongues does not arise. (b): The lists of languages/ mother tongues returned at Census 1961 & 1971 are attached as Annex I & II respectively. (c): As per the information available in the Ministry of Human Resource Development, there is no provision of recognizing a language as a ‘regional language’ by the Government of India of the State Governments. Hence, the question of adopting any criteria to recognize any language as a ‘regional language’ doesn’t arise. However, the State Government may recognize a so called regional language to be used in education as a subject/medium or as an …2/ -2- L.S.US.Q. No 3236 for 11.02.2014 official language of the State if a sizeable number of people speak that language in the concerned State or a particular area in the State. For example, the official language of Assam is Assamese, but Bengali has been recognized as an associate official language in three districts of Assam. In Manipur, Mao, Kom, Paite etc. are some of the languages which are spoken at the regional/ local level and are not the official languages of Manipur have been recognized as languages to be used in school education. The office of Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India has also not adopted any criteria to recognize the so called regional languages. This office only ascertains number of languages/mother tongues as spoken in the country derived from the mother tongue returns during decennial Census enumeration based on the following two questions canvassed in the entire country synchronously: i) Mother Tongue ii) Other Languages Known Since 1971 Census, the data on mother tongues are being presented in the form of Language Tables under Scheduled (Part-A) and Non-Scheduled (Part-B) categories, through a process of scrutiny, rationalization, classification following the linguistic methods and principles as well as the existing knowledge base in the discipline. ****** Annexure-I L.S.US. Q. No. 3236 for 11.02.2014 The list of published Mother Tongues of 1961 Census Sl. No. Name of Mother Tongue Sl. No. Name of Mother Tongue 1 2 3 2 1 Abhahaik 51 Araji 2 Abor/Adi 52 Arakanese 3 Achik 53 Arava 4 Ad Dharmi 54 Ardhamagadhi 5 Adhuni 55 Are 6 Adibhasha 56 Arki Pahari 7 Adibhasha-Bhotia 57 Arleng 8 Adibhasha-Kurukh/Oraon 58 Armenian 9 Adibhasha-Munda 59 Ascrini 10 Adibhasha-Nagesia 60 Ashai 11 Adi Dravida 61 Ashia 12 Adin 62 Ashing 13 Adivasi 63 Askardi 14 Adivasi-Bhili 64 Assamese 15 Adkuri 65 Assirian (Standard spelling Assyrian) 16 Adnis 66 Asuri 17 Advichanchi 67 Atavika 18 Afghani/Kabuli/Pakhto/Pashto/Pathani 68 Aurkhati 19 African 69 Australian 20 African Krue 70 Austrian 21 Agari 71 Awadhi 22 Agaria 72 Babari 23 Agarwali 73 Babai Pahari 24 Agrawali 74 Bachadi 25 Agsula 75 Badaga 26 Ahenai 76 Badhri 27 Ahirani 77 Bagalyoni 28 Ahiri 78 Baghati 29 Ahiri-Hindi 79 Baghelkhandi 30 Ahirwati 80 Baghli Pahari 31 Aia Alam 81 Baglani 32 Aimol 82 Bagri 33 Ajmeri 83 Bagri-Rajasthani 34 Aka/Hrusso 84 Baha 35 Alanic 85 Bahane 36 Alkari 86 Bahawalpuri 37 Almori 87 Bahe 38 Alwari 88 Bahthi 39 American 89 Bahusar 40 Anal 90 Baigani 41 Andamanese 91 Bairagi 42 Andhi 92 Baisali 43 Andhra 93 Baisiya 44 Anga 94 Baite 45 Angami 95 Baiti 46 Anharic 96 Bakatan 47 Annamese/Annamite. 97 Bakerwali 48 Ao 98 Bakhli 49 Apatani 99 Balabandhu 50 Arabic/Arbi 100 Balai 101 Balauri 160 Bhagalpuri 102 Balbangiri 161 Bhagat 103 Balhapuri 162 Bhagnadi 104 Baliai 163 Bhagnari 105 Balinese 164 Bhagri Pahari 106 Baliyani 165 Bhagwati 107 Balochi/Baluchi 166 Bhajer 108 Balsani Pahari 167 Bhalesi 109 Balti 168 Bhali 110 Balvan 169 Bhamti 111 Banai 170 Bhandari 112 Banarasi 171 Bhangari 113 Banari 172 Bhangra 114 Banbhasha 173 Bharati 115 Bandubal 174 Bharatpuri 116 Bangala 175 Bharia 117 Bangargi 176 Bharmauri/Gaddi 118 Bangarni 177 Bhateali 119 Bangaru 178 Bhateali Bharmauri 120 Bangni 179 Bhateali Chamba 121 Bangro 180 Bhateali Gadi 122 Banjari 181 Bhateali Hindi 123 Banor 182 Bhatia 124 Bansbali 183 Bhatiari 125 Banshi 184 Bhatkal 126 Banspuri 185 Bhatri 127 Bansyari 186 Bhattiani 128 Banthli 187 Bhigoli 129 Baori 188 Bhilali 130 Barad 189 Bhili 131 Barai 190 Bhilodi 132 Bare 191 Bhim 133 Barel 192 Bhimchaura 134 Barik 193 Bhivadi 135 Barjaian 194 Bhogta 136 Barochi 195 Bhohoe 137 Basali 196 Bhoi-Khasi 138 Basauli 197 Bhoi-Marathi 139 Bashahri 198 Bhojpuri 140 Bask 199 Bhopali 141 Basque 200 Bhotia-unspecified 142 Basti 201 Bhoyari 143 Baudh 202 Bhuani 144 Bavari 203 Bhuiya/Bhuyan 145 Bavchi 204 Bhuiya/Bhuyan-Oriya 146 Beldari 205 Bhuj 147 Belgian 206 Bhulia 148 Bengali 207 Bhumij 149 Bengani 208 Bhumijali 150 Benjua 209 Bhunjia 151 Beradi 210 Bhutani 152 Beriya 211 Bhutnagri 153 Bete 212 Bidichoras 154 Betuli 213 Bihari 155 Bhadauri 214 Bijapuri 156 Bhadrawahi 215 Bikaneri 157 Bhadri 216 Bilaspuri 158 Bhadruvali 217 Bilaspuri/Kahluri 159 Bhagali 218 Bilni 219 Binhari 278 Chandari 220 Binjhwari 279 Chang 221 Birhor 280 Chang-Naga 222 Birjia/Brijia/Binjhia 281 Changru 223 Bishnupuriya 282 Changsen 224 Bithalanean 283 Chaperar 225 Biyogi 284 Charani 226 Bodo/Boro 285 Chari Chong 227 Bojwar 286 Chathgir 228 Bokar 287 Chaubar 229 Bolti Zaban 288 Chau Bhasha 230 Bomba 289 Chaupali 231 Bombagga 290 Chaurasi 232 Bondala 291 Chenchu 233 Bondili 292 Chero 234 Bongcher 293 Cherwani 235 Bori 294 Chetori 236 Boria 295 Chettibhasha-Kannada 237 Bori-Abor/Adi 296 Chettibhasha-Konkani 238 Brahmani 297 Chhari 239 Brain 298 Chhattisgarhi 240 Braj Bhasha/Braj Bhakha 299 Chhekari 241 Brazil 300 Chhika chhiki 242 Brokpa 301 Chhushmeni 243 Bucher 302 Chibhali 244 Budabukkala 303 Chilasi 245 Budali 304 Chinawari 246 Budhi 305 Chind 247 Budubudike 306 Chinese/Chini 248 Bugluyani 307 Chini Pahari 249 Bukhari 308 Chin-Unspecified 250 Bundelkhandi 309 Chiru 251 Bunhar 310 Chitodi 252 Bunjwali 311 Chodhari 253 Burdi 312 Chongloi 254 Burgandi 313 Chotanagpuri 255 Burgaza 314 Chote 256 Burmese 315 Chovoel 257 Byadha 316 Chow 258 Cambodian 317 Christian 259 Canadian 318 Chulikata/Idu 260 Canter 319 Churahi 261 Canthars 320 Churahi Gadi 262 Celtic 321 Ciol 263 Ceylonese/Simelu/Singhalese 322 Commanga 264 Chabeli 323 Congolese 265 Chachadi 324 Coor 266 Chachi 325 Coorgi/Kodagu 267 Chage 326 Corsican 268 Chakesang 327 Cushai 269 Chakma 328 Cutch 270 Chakru 329 Czech/Czechoslovakian 271 Chamaiya 330 Dafla 272 Chamari 331 Dakani/Musalmani 273 Chamba Pahari 332 Dakhuria 274 Chameali 333 Dakkala 275 Chameali Hindi 334 Dakshini 276 Champa 335 Daldi 277 Chamrali 336 Dalu 337 Dalue 396 Dondiyali 338 Damal 397 Dorachuttam 339 Dandasi 398 Dorli 340 Dangchagha 399 Dravidam 341 Dangi 400 Dubli 342 Danish 401 Dukpa 343 Darchini 402 Dulai 344 Dardi 403 Dunavi Pahari 345 Darhi 404 Dungari 346 Darlong 405 Dutch 347 Darwi 406 Dwed Boli 348 Dasari 407 East Indian 349 Dati 408 Egyptian 350 Dayyala Bhasha 409 Ekidi 351 Dehari 410 Elonguria 352 Dehati 411 English 353 Deke 412 Etawali 354 Deori 413 Ethiopian 355 Derasmati 414 Eti 356 Derawal 415 Eurasian 357 Desbadi 416 European 358 Deshi 417 Ewe 359 Deswali 418 Fatma 360 Deswali/Hariani 419 Fernada 361 Deswayi 420 Fijian 362 Devanagari 421 Finnish 363 Dewar Boli 422 Firangi 364 Dhallu 423 Flemish 365 Dhamdi 424 French 366 Dhamyani 425 Fugian 367 Dhanagari 426 Fulmali 368 Dhanderi 427 Fulnagri 369 Dhandi 428 Gabaro 370 Dhangri 429 Gadaba 371 Dhanki 430 Gadal 372 Dhanwari 431 Gadaria 373 Dharampuria 432 Gadi Chameali 374 Dharampuri Pahari 433 Gadia Lohari 375 Dhedgujari 434 Gadi Hindi 376 Dhedi 435 Gadoli 377 Dhelki 436 Gadya Bhasha 378 Dhelki-Oriya 437 Gaelic 379 Dhimal 438 Gagar 380 Dhiwari 439 Gahora 381 Dhodia 440 Gaiki 382 Dhundhari 441 Gallong 383 Dhurwa 442 Gamit/Gavti 384 Dichi 443 Ganga 385 Digaru 444 Gangapari 386 Dimasa 445 Gangasi 387 Dingal 446 Gangte 388 Diwhe 447 Ganju 389 Dogri 448 Gaoli 390 Dogri Hindi 449 Garhwali 391 Doharahu 450 Garo 392 Domali 451 Garpagari 393 Dombari 452 Garudi 394 Dommara 453 Gaudo 395 Domra 454 Gaunti 455 Gavari 514 Guthara 456 Gawari 515 Gwalri 457 Gayari 516 Hadem 458 Gazai 517 Haijong/Hajong 459 Geneng 518 Hairamba 460 German 519 Hakkipikki 461 Ghamoli 520 Halabi
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