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The Creation of Neuroscience
The Creation of Neuroscience The Society for Neuroscience and the Quest for Disciplinary Unity 1969-1995 Introduction rom the molecular biology of a single neuron to the breathtakingly complex circuitry of the entire human nervous system, our understanding of the brain and how it works has undergone radical F changes over the past century. These advances have brought us tantalizingly closer to genu- inely mechanistic and scientifically rigorous explanations of how the brain’s roughly 100 billion neurons, interacting through trillions of synaptic connections, function both as single units and as larger ensem- bles. The professional field of neuroscience, in keeping pace with these important scientific develop- ments, has dramatically reshaped the organization of biological sciences across the globe over the last 50 years. Much like physics during its dominant era in the 1950s and 1960s, neuroscience has become the leading scientific discipline with regard to funding, numbers of scientists, and numbers of trainees. Furthermore, neuroscience as fact, explanation, and myth has just as dramatically redrawn our cultural landscape and redefined how Western popular culture understands who we are as individuals. In the 1950s, especially in the United States, Freud and his successors stood at the center of all cultural expla- nations for psychological suffering. In the new millennium, we perceive such suffering as erupting no longer from a repressed unconscious but, instead, from a pathophysiology rooted in and caused by brain abnormalities and dysfunctions. Indeed, the normal as well as the pathological have become thoroughly neurobiological in the last several decades. In the process, entirely new vistas have opened up in fields ranging from neuroeconomics and neurophilosophy to consumer products, as exemplified by an entire line of soft drinks advertised as offering “neuro” benefits. -
August and Marie Krogh August and Marie Krogh
August and Marie Krogh August and Marie Krogh LIVES IN SCIENCE Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen, Dr. Odont, Dr. phil. Professor Emeritus and Aqjunct Professor, Department of Physiology, University of Florida SPRINGER NEW YORK 1995 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland Madrid and associated companies in Berlin lbadan Copyright © 1995 by the American Physiological Society Originally published by American Physiological Society in 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press AII rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmidt-Nielsen, Bodil. August and Marie Krogh : lives in science by Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4614-7530-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-7530-9 1. Krogh, August, 1874-1949. 2. Krogh, Marie, 1874-1943. 3. Physiologists-Denmark-Biography. I. Title. QP26.K76S35 1995 591.1'092-dc20 [B] 94-20655 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Preface When my father August Krogh died in 1949, 1 was with him in Den mark. My stay in Denmark was prolonged for another two months due to a concussion 1 sustained in an automobile accident, which occurred shortly after his death. -
34 Annual Minisymposium on Reproductive Biology
34th Annual Minisymposium on Reproductive Biology January 26th, 2015 Lurie Medical Research Center 303 E. Superior St, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL Sponsored by The Office of the President The Office of the Vice President for Research The Graduate School Table of Contents About the Center for Reproductive Science/Center Sponsored Awards ....................... 3 Minisymposium on Reproductive Biology Overview ................................................... 5 Neena B. Schwartz Lectureship in Reproductive Science ............................................. 7 Lectureship Recipient, Richard L. Stouffer, PhD .......................................................... 9 The Legacy of Dr. Constance Campbell ...................................................................... 11 Northwestern Alumni Speaker, David L. Keefe, MD .................................................. 13 Program for Minisymposium ....................................................................................... 15 ABSTRACTS: Oral Session .............................................................................................................. 17 Poster Sessions .......................................................................................................... 21 List of Presenters .......................................................................................................... 47 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... 49 Front cover photograph courtesy -
Animal Research Essay Resources 2013
Animal research essay resources 2013 Animal Research Essay Resources (Manage) and AO2 (Use Resources) assessment objectives of their EPQ. Click on one of the links below for resources on the specific area of interest surrounding the AO1 requires students to identify their topic and issue of animal testing: the project’s aims and objectives. They must then produce a project plan and complete their History of animal research work, applying organisational skills and Ethics of animal experiments strategies to meet stated objectives. This page Costs and benefits of research aims to help students get a handle on the topic Regulatory systems and the 3Rs of animal research and provide some inspiration Animal rights activism and extremism for possible areas of further study. General Websites AO2 requires students to obtain, and select Many students, from primary school to from, a variety of resources, analyse and apply university, write assignments that relate to the this data in a relevant manner and demonstrate issue of animal research. This page aims to an understanding of appropriate links. This page support this by providing links to useful will provide links to large amounts of relevant materials. It is especially useful to any students information that students can use for their carrying out the Extended Project Qualification project, however it remains up to students to (EPQ) alongside their A-levels or Extended Essay critically analyse and apply it to their specific as part of their International Baccalaureate project focus. studies. Those students should read the section below. History of animal research Beneath each link is a Harvard Reference for the The use of animals in scientific experiments in book, webpage or document in question which the UK can be traced back at least as far as the can be used in the footnotes or endnotes of 17th Century with Harvey’s experiments on your project paper. -
DMJ.1936.2.1.A02.Young.Pdf (3.644Mb)
DALHOUSIE MEDICAL JOURNAL 5 A Memorable Conference THE HARVARD TERCENTENARY 1636 - 1936 E. GORDON YOUNG, B.A., M.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.S.C. OMEONE has said that the most valuable and rarest thing in the world S is a new idea. It is the verdict or the intellectual world of science, of art and of music that progress centres largely about the thoughts ex pressed by the few great minds of the centuries. The work of the scientists of the world has been likened to a great canvas, the subject of which has been chosen by the few and the first bold lines inserted, but the great mass of colour and detail has been supplied by the many faithful apprentices. It was most fitting that the oldest and greatest of American Universities should celebrate its three hundredth birthday in an intellec tual feast and that it should invite to its table as leaders of conversation the greatest minds of the world in those subjects which were proposed for discussion. Harvard.!J.as a magnificent record of intellectual tolerance and its hospitality was open to individuals of all nationalities and all re- ligious and political creeds. To Cambridge thus in the early days of September, 1936, there came, by invitation, a group of about two thousand five hundred American and Canadian scholars to participate in a memorable series of symposia led by a special group of sixty-seven eminent scientists and men of letters from fifteen different countries. These included no fewer than eleven men who had the greatest single distinction in the realms of science and of letters, the Nobel Prize. -
Harris' Neuroendocrine Revolution
G FINK Of portal vessels and 226:2 T13–T24 Thematic Review self-priming 60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY MEMOIR: Harris’ neuroendocrine revolution: of portal vessels and self-priming Correspondence George Fink should be addressed to G Fink Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, Email Genetics Lane, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia george.fink@florey.edu.au or georgefi[email protected] Abstract Geoffrey Harris, while still a medical student at Cambridge, was the first researcher (1937) to Key Words provide experimental proof for the then tentative view that the anterior pituitary gland was " neurohormones controlled by the CNS. The elegant studies carried out by Harris in the 1940s and early 1950s, " hypophysial portal alone and in collaboration with John Green and Dora Jacobsohn, established that this control vessel blood was mediated by a neurohumoral mechanism that involved the transport by hypophysial " gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) portal vessel blood of chemical substances from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary " self-priming effect of GnRH gland. The neurohumoral control of anterior pituitary secretion was proved by the isolation " oestrogen-induced and characterisation of the ‘chemical substances’ (mainly neuropeptides) and the finding that ovulatory GnRH surge Journal of Endocrinology these substances were released into hypophysial portal blood in a manner consistent with " oestrogen-induced increase their physiological functions. The new discipline of neuroendocrinology – the way that the in pituitary responsiveness brain controls endocrine glands and vice versa – revolutionised the treatment of endocrine to GnRH disorders such as growth and pubertal abnormalities, infertility and hormone-dependent tumours, and it underpins our understanding of the sexual differentiation of the brain and key aspects of behaviour and mental disorder. -
100858 AVANCES 26 5Indd
avances en Diabetología Av Diabetol. 2010;26:373-82 Historical perspective From pancreatic extracts to artificial pancreas: history, science and controversies about the discovery of the pancreatic antidiabetic hormone V: The controversy. Who discovered insulin? A. de Leiva-Pérez1, E. Brugués-Brugués1,2, A. de Leiva-Hidalgo1,2,3,4 1Fundación DIABEM. 2Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición e Instituto de Investigación. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. 3Centro de Historia de la Ciencia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. 4CIBER-BBN-ISCIII The Nobel Prize controversy were provided by two members of the objection was to making an award on “he- The 1923 Nobel Award Nobel Committee: John Sjöqvist, Profes- resy evidence” from unknown persons or of Physiology or Medicine sor of Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Hans on statements in the two appraisals, like In April 1923, a total of 57 nominations Christian Jacobaeus, Professor of Internal “it is beyond doubt”, or comments as with merits were reviewed by the Nobel Medicine. Sjökvist arrived to the same ”things that are thought as very possible”; Committee. The examiners concluded conclusion as A. Krogh: the prize should the Assembly should take only verifi able that the discovery of insulin was of funda- be divided between Banting and Macleod. facts. The Committee reconsidered and mental importance. The archives of the Professor Göran Liljstrand was the Secre- reconfirmed its previous recommenda- Karolinska Institute depict that Macleod tary of the Nobel Committee from 1918 to tion. August Krogh was identifi ed as the and Banting were nominated for the fi rst 1960. He was a great friend of August source of the “heresy evidence”; he time in 1923: Banting by G.W. -
Balcomk41251.Pdf (558.9Kb)
Copyright by Karen Suzanne Balcom 2005 The Dissertation Committee for Karen Suzanne Balcom Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine Committee: E. Glynn Harmon, Supervisor Julie Hallmark Billie Grace Herring James D. Legler Brooke E. Sheldon Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine by Karen Suzanne Balcom, B.A., M.L.S. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August, 2005 Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my first teachers: my father, George Sheldon Balcom, who passed away before this task was begun, and to my mother, Marian Dyer Balcom, who passed away before it was completed. I also dedicate it to my dissertation committee members: Drs. Billie Grace Herring, Brooke Sheldon, Julie Hallmark and to my supervisor, Dr. Glynn Harmon. They were all teachers, mentors, and friends who lifted me up when I was down. Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my committee: Julie Hallmark, Billie Grace Herring, Jim Legler, M.D., Brooke E. Sheldon, and Glynn Harmon for their encouragement, patience and support during the nine years that this investigation was a work in progress. I could not have had a better committee. They are my enduring friends and I hope I prove worthy of the faith they have always showed in me. I am grateful to Dr. -
Henry Spira Papers [Finding Aid]. Library of Congress. [PDF Rendered
Henry Spira Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2017 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Additional search options available at: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms017017 LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/mm00084743 Prepared by Colleen Benoit, Karen Linn Femia, Nate Scheible with the assistance of Jake Bozza Collection Summary Title: Henry Spira Papers Span Dates: 1906-2002 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1974-1998) ID No.: MSS84743 Creator: Spira, Henry, 1927-1998 Extent: 120,000 items; 340 containers plus 6 oversize ; 140 linear feet ; 114 digital files (3.838 GB) Language: Collection material in English Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: Animal welfare advocate and political activist. Correspondence, writings, notes, newspaper clippings, advertisements, printed matter, and photographs, primarily relating to Spira's work in the animal welfare movement after 1974. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Douglas, William Henry James. Fitzgerald, Pegeen. Gitano, Henry, 1927-1998. Grandin, Temple. Kupferberg, Tuli. Rack, Leonard. Rowan, Andrew N. Singer, Peter, 1946- Singer, Peter, 1946- Ethics into action : Henry Spira and the animal rights movement. 1998. Spira, Henry, 1927-1998--Political and social views. Spira, Henry, 1927-1998. Trotsky, Leon, 1879-1940. Trull, Frankie. Trutt, Fran. Weiss, Myra Tanner. Organizations American Museum of Natural History. -
Animal Research in the US
BRIEFING NOTES ON ANIMAL RESEARCH Animal research in the U.S. - what, where and how much? Scientists use animals in medical, veterinary and basic research to develop treatments for humans and animals and to understand the biological processes associated with health and disease. This takes place across a range of institutions including medical and veterinary colleges, universities, teaching hospitals, pharmaceutical companies and other research facilities. There are many comparable physiological processes in humans and animals. These similarities mean that scientists can study animals as models of human biological processes and the diseases which affect them. Genetically modified (GM) animals, usually mice, rats and fish, help scientists understand the function of particular genes and genetic factors that cause diseases. Animal research programs benefit from a team of people, including veterinarians, animal technicians and scientists, who together manage day-to-day care and welfare needs of the animals. In 2016, the number of research animals covered by the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) was 820,812 animals, down over 60% from around 2.2 million in 1992. By species this is: 35% hamsters and guinea pigs, 17% rabbits, 10% farm animals, 8% primates, 7% primates, and 22% other species. o These numbers do not include mice, rats, birds and fish since institutions are not required to centrally report these numbers. Given that around 93-97% of research studies in most other countries involve animals not counted under the AWA, a reasonable estimate of the annual number of vertebrate animals used in U.S. research is 12 - 27 million. Why is animal research necessary? Basic research aims to address fundamental biological questions about humans and animals. -
The Animal Welfare Act at Fifty: Problems and Possibilities in Animal Testing Regulation
University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons McGeorge School of Law Scholarly Articles McGeorge School of Law Faculty Scholarship 2016 The Animal Welfare Act at Fifty: Problems and Possibilities in Animal Testing Regulation Courtney G. Lee Pacifc McGeorge School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/facultyarticles Part of the Animal Law Commons Recommended Citation Courtney G. Lee, The Animal Welfare Act at Fifty: Problems and Possibilities in Animal Testing Regulation, 95 Neb. L. Rev. 194 (2016). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the McGeorge School of Law Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in McGeorge School of Law Scholarly Articles by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Courtney G. Lee* The Animal Welfare Act at Fifty: Problems and Possibilities in Animal Testing Regulation TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction .......................................... 195 II. Background of the Animal Welfare Act ................ 196 A. Enactment and Evolution.......................... 196 B. Early Amendments ................................ 197 C. Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act of 1985 .............................................. 198 D. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees .... 201 E. IACUC Effectiveness .............................. 203 III. Coverage of the AWA .................................. 205 A. What Is an “Animal” under the AWA? ............. -
Gore, Andrea C. (1)
Last Updated 10-12-20 C.V. - Gore, Andrea C. (1) CURRICULUM VITAE Andrea C. Gore, Ph.D. Professor and Vacek Chair of Pharmacology Address The University of Texas at Austin Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology 107 W. Dean Keeton, Stop C0875, Room BME 3.510B Austin, TX 78712, USA Office phone: (512) 471-3669 Office fax: (512) 471-5002 Lab phone: (512) 471-6311 Lab fax: (512) 471-3589 email: [email protected] Gore Lab: https://sites.utexas.edu/gore/ Google Scholar: http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=iCgJEF0AAAAJ&hl=en My Bibliography: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/browse/collection/45448158/?sort=date &direction=ascending ORCID: 0000-0001-5549-6793 Education 1990 Ph.D., Neuroscience Training Program, December 1990 University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Supervisor: Dr. Ei Terasawa Dissertation title: “The roles of norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y in the control of the onset of puberty in female rhesus monkeys” 1985 A.B., Biology (cum laude), June 1985 Princeton University, Princeton, NJ Undergraduate Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Robert D. Lisk Thesis title: “Male dominance status, female choice and mating success in golden hamsters” Professional Experience and Appointments 2014-present Professor and Vacek Chair of Pharmacology (tenured) Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; Institute for Neuroscience; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 2008-2014 Gustavus & Louise Pfeiffer Professor of Toxicology (tenured) Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; Institute for Neuroscience; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX Professor, Behavioral Neurosciences (Dept.