Published by The American Physiological Society Integrating the Life Sciences from Molecule to Organism The PhysiologistPhysiologist

Association of Chairs of INSIDE Departments of Physiology 2006 Survey Results

Richard L. Moss and William S. Spielman University of Wisconsin and Michigan State University APS Launches

Stopgap The Association of Chairs of in Table 1 for the first time is infor- Departments of Physiology annual mation on the average number of con- Fellowship survey was emailed to 184 physiology tact hours for faculty and on the type Program departments throughout the US, of medical physiology course being p. 92 Canada, and Puerto Rico. A total of taught. 71 surveys were returned, for a Student/trainee information is pro- response rate of 38.5%. This rate is vided by ethnicity for predoctoral and AAMC Survey almost identical to that of the 2005 postdoctoral categories, as well as Results survey (39%). Of the 71 surveys predoctoral trainee completions, p. 98 returned, there were 22 public and 49 stipends provided, and type of sup- private medical schools. port (Table 2). The data provides the reader with Institutional information is provid- Opening up Open general trends of faculty, overall ed in Table 3. Departmental budget Access: Weaving departmental budgets, and space information (Table 4) shows type of the “Author Pays” available for research. As a reminder, support, faculty salaries derived from beginning in 2004, ACDP decided not grants along with negotiated indirect Safety Net to include faculty salary information costs to the departments. Table 5 p. 106 in this report. Because of the limited ranks responding Institutions accord- response rate and variability in ing to their total dollars, research APS Testifies departments responding on a year- grant dollars, and departmental by-year basis and the completeness of space. Space averages are presented Before Congress the AAMC salary data, which is more as research, administration, teaching on FY 2008 generally used, the ACDP Council and other. Funding decided to no longer collect or report For an update of AAMC salary data,

p. 108 this data. Data are still provided please see the accompanying article. though on tenure, gender, and ethnic- ity of faculty (Table 1). Also included (continued on page 93)

Volume 50, No. 3 - June 2007 www.the-aps.org 89 Published bimonthly and distributed by The American Physiological TheThe Society PhysiologistPhysiologist 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3991 ISSN 0031-9376

Hannah V. Carey President Contents Dale J. Benos Past President Irving H. Zucker President-Elect Association of Chairs of Publications Martin Frank Departments of Physiology Opening up Open Access: Editor and Executive Director Councillors 2006 Survey Results Weaving the “Author Pays” Susan M. Barman, Richard L. Moss and Safety Net 106 Barbara E. Goodman, Joey P. Granger, James W. Hicks William S. Spielman 89 Irving G. Joshua, David M. Pollock, Gary C. Sieck, Public Affairs Dee U. Silverthorn, Fellowship Report APS Testifies Before Congress J. Michael Wyss From Laboratory to Legislation on FY 2008 Funding 108 Ex Officio Kenneth Baldwin, Kim E. Sarah K. England 91 APS Submits Comments on Barrett, Michael A. Portman, Thomas A. Pressley, the NIGMS Strategic Plan 110 Curt D. Sigmund, APS News HHMI Seeks Early Career Peter D. Wagner

APS Launches Stopgap Investigators 110 Publications Committee: Chair: Fellowship Program 92 Kim E. Barrett; Members: Eileen M. Hasser, Martin F. Kagnoff, Positions Available 111 Peggy Mason, Ronald L. Terjung. Director of Publications: Margaret AAMC Survey Results Reich. Design and Copy Editor: AAMC Medical School Faculty Book Reviews 116 Joelle R. Grossnickle. Subscriptions: Distributed to Compensation Survey 98 members as part of their member- Book Received 116 ship. Nonmembers in the USA (print only): individuals $60.00; Membership institutions $95.00. Nonmembers in Canada: individuals $65.00; New Regular Members 101 People & Places institutions $100.00. Nonmembers elsewhere: individuals $70.00; New Student Members 102 Florant Receives Award 118 institutions $105.00. Single copies New Affiliate Members 103 Four APS Members Elected to and back issues when available, $20.00 each; single copies and back Recently Deceased Members 103 National Academy of issues of Abstracts issues when available, $30.00. Subscribers to Sciences 118 The Physiologist also receive Communications abstracts of the Conferences of the American Physiological Society. APS Sponsors USC Doctoral The Wine Wizard 120 The online version is available free to all worldwide. Student for Media Fellowship103 The American Physiological Society Senior Physiologists’ News 121 assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced Education by contributors to The Physiologist. New Program Improves Scientific Meetings Please notify the APS Member- ship Department as soon as pos- Trainees’ Presentation Skills 104 and Congresses 125 sible if you change your address Twenty APS Members to Host or telephone number. Headquarters phone: 301-634-7118 Summer Research Experience APS Membership Fax: 301-634-7241 for Sixteen Science Teachers 105 Application 127 Email: [email protected] http://www.the-aps.org Printed in the USA

90 The Physiologist Fellowship Report Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

From Laboratory to Legislation Sarah K. England University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics

When I was granted my PhD, I thought a broad working knowledge on multiple that running a research laboratory at a subjects rather than a detailed under- top-tier university would fulfill my pro- standing of a single topic. My portfolio fessional aspirations. However, after was expansive and included health care heading my own research program for workforce, NIH reauthorization, mater- eight years, I became interested in pursu- nal child health issues, rural health, ing opportunities that would complement medical liability, women’s health, health my career. In the fall of 2004, I received disparities, and nursing issues, to name an announcement for the Robert Wood a few. The learning curve was very steep, Johnson (RWJ) Health Policy Fellowship but not impossible. With the large vol- (http://www.healthpolicyfellows.org/home ume of information available on each .php), which offers mid-career health pro- topic, trying to stay current on all issues fessionals the opportunity to work in a took a lot of energy. Many times some congressional or executive branch office specific aspect of each of “my” issues in Washington, DC. The overall goal of would surface during the year and there the program is to enrich fellows’ under- hardly seemed to be ample time to know standing of public policy practices and all the details about it. how government health research relates There is no “typical” day in the to the mission of the fellows’ institutions Senate. I met with constituents from and local communities. After researching New York, drafted legislation, attended more about the program, I decided that Sarah England spent a fellowship Senate and House hearings and brief- this experience would increase my under- working with Senator Hillary ings, wrote scholarly articles, prepared standing of the legislative process and Rodham Clinton on public health speeches, statements, and briefing the relationship and interactions policy. memos for the Senator. I also traveled between the National Institutes of to New York to attend an event and staff Health (NIH) and Congress that affect in the intersection of health and educa- the Senator on one of the issues. my day-to-day existence as a researcher tional policies as it relates to training The largest portion of my time was in the basic sciences. students and eliminating health dispar- spent drafting three pieces of health- I was selected to be a member of the ities. After a three-month orientation related legislation: 1) The SHINE Act class of 2005–2006 along with five that included meeting with representa- (Screening for Health of Infants and physicians and one epidemiologist. tives from think tanks, trade associa- Newborns) was developed to help states Before accepting and pursuing a fellow- tions, the Institute of Medicine, and key increase their newborn screening capa- ship of this nature, it was essential that health policy gurus, we interviewed for bilities so that all babies have the oppor- all the stars aligned correctly—I would positions on Capitol Hill. At this point tunity for early diagnosis and lifesaving be on developmental leave for 12 to 16 the experience seemed surreal, as I treatment; 2) The GEDI Act months. This required support from my never imagined when I got my doctorate (Gestational Diabetes Act) focuses on institution, most importantly from my that I would work on Capitol Hill focus- lowering the incidence of gestational department chair and college dean, both ing on health-related legislation. We diabetes, which puts women at risk for of whom were open-minded about this were interviewed by members of the complications during childbirth and atypical sabbatical realizing that this House and Senate, Democrats and puts children at risk for developing Type would not only benefit me, but also my Republicans, and personal offices and 2 diabetes as adolescents or adults; and institution. committees; a few fellows interviewed in 3) The Nursing Education and Quality Prior to embarking on this adventure, the executive branch. After many hours of Health Care Act (NEQHC), which was I was fortunate to have senior-level of discussions with health staff and the drafted with the hopes of increasing the research staff in my laboratory capable other fellows, I accepted the offer to number of nurses who become faculty of continuing on in my absence. My work with Senator Hillary Rodham and developing initiatives to integrate grants were all funded and not up for a Clinton on her health legislative team. patient safety practices in nursing edu- renewal the minute I walked back on Moving from academic researcher to cation; it also provides funding for rural campus. I was able to pack up and leave working as a health legislative fellow nurse training programs. with relative ease; however, there were had some distinct challenges. The As I participated in the development many personal factors to consider. Some biggest was moving from being a special- of health-related legislation, I gained of the fellows relocated their entire fam- ist to being a generalist. I was accus- greater perspective about how my ilies, some brought just their spouses, tomed to knowing intricate details about research fits into the bigger picture. For and others traveled home every week- my academic research into the mecha- instance, my research at Iowa focuses on end. Logistically this is different for nism by which potassium channels regu- the basic science of premature labor. each fellow. late uterine and vascular smooth muscle. During my time as an RWJ Fellow, a bill In September 2005, I moved to However, when juggling a dozen issues, was being considered about the high Washington DC to explore my interest one realizes that it is important to have rate of premature births in our country. 91 The Physiologist Fellowship Report Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

The bill was signed into law in the budgeting process works. Working ing delving into the problem, identifying December 2006, allowing me to see the in the minority party last year in key issues, interpreting data, and sug- tie between basic science research and Senator Clinton’s office allowed me to gesting solutions. I also worked with a legislation. I also learned the value of learn that policy and politics are very talented and collaborative group, not advocacy and how far an issue can pro- different things. Most of the health leg- only in the Clinton office, but also in ceed based on the passion of those affect- islation that I helped develop and many other congressional offices. The ed by the legislation. worked on throughout the year was bi- health issues I addressed crossed My fellowship also gave me a broader partisan, with the senators often want- interoffice boundaries, much like the col- understanding of how the federal gov- ing the same things, though their ideas laborative efforts within the various col- ernment makes decisions about funding about implementation were different. leges at the University of Iowa. the NIH and other organizations that Knowing at the onset that differing In summary, the experience was truly provide grants to researchers. One of my views were held by the different players a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity that assignments was to research NIH reau- made the process easier and enhanced gave me added skills and insight into thorization, and it opened my eyes to the my negotiation skills. both health policy and my own academ- difference between authorizing and While government is a very different ic position, and I encourage scientists appropriating funds. I tracked the NIH environment compared to academia, and physicians who are interested in reauthorization through the House and there are many parallels. Much of my policy to explore these types of opportu- became entrenched in the process of how research on a policy topic paralleled my nities. ™ NIH is structured and funded and how own academic research methods, includ- APS News

APS Launches Stopgap Fellowship Program During the past year, the Council has success rates. into the Reserve Funds and allocate expressed continuing concern about the In response to the Council’s concerns, $420,000 to support the funding of up to impact that cutbacks on NIH funding a study group led by Douglas Eaton was 10 postdoctoral fellowship applications were having on the training of new established and they recommended that over the next year. The goal is to sup- investigators. As seen in Figure 1, over the Council allocate funds from the port postdoctoral fellowship candidates the last five years, the success rate for Society’s Reserve Funds to support the who are scheduled to work in the labora- F32 applications across all NIH insti- training of APS members whose F32 tories of members of the American tutes has decreased significantly. In applications had missed the NIH Physiological Society. many cases, individual institutes are Institute payline. At the Experimental In order to be eligible for the experiencing even more severe drops in Biology meeting, Council agreed to dip Fellowship Initiative mandated by Council, candidates must be an APS Table 1. Data Across All NIH Institutes. member at the time of application and throughout the award period. In addi- 3000 tion, the postdoctoral mentor must have Grants Reviewed been a member in good standing for at Grants Awarded least three years immediately prior to 2500 application and remains so throughout the award period. The postdoctoral fel- lowship application submitted to NIH must have received a priority score of 2000 200 or better and rejected for funding by NIH. As an interim initiative, the candidate is expected to revise and resubmit their fellowship application to 1500 NIH or other Federal agency or major foundation and should the applicant receive an award the remaining APS Total Number Total 1000 Fellowship funds would need to be returned to the Society to help someone 37% 32% 29% 26% else. 38% The application deadlines for the 500 Society’s Postdoctoral Initiative are August 1, 2007 and January 2, 2008. Complete details about the new Initiative can be found on the APS 0 Website at http://www.the-aps.org/ 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 awards/postdocinitiative07.pdf. ™ Year 92 The Physiologist ACDP Survey 2006 Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Faculty Information

Faculty Summary (n=1,322) For your faculty, what is the average number of hours of student contact (per year) for: Male Female Total Student Average Number 171 Asian/Pacific Islander 129 42 Type (hours) (inst.) Black (not Hispanic) 6 4 10 Hispanic 27 13 40 Lab Hours Graduate 264 41 Native American 0 0 0 Medical 17 40 White (not Hispanic) 799 245 1,044 Other 56 20 Foreign National 37 20 57 Lectures Graduate 180 68 Total 998 324 1,322 Medical 596 70 Other 63 44 Small Group Graduate 49 45 Medical Physiology Course Type Medical 43 60 Yes No Total Other 22 16 Responded Integrated Disciplines 38 30 68 Traditional 45 24 69 Within Traditional 44 25 69 Teaching Interactions MD/DO 69 Tenure Status in each department by degree DDS 23 DVM 3 Tenured Not Tenured Not Eligible Total Allied Health 36 MD 24 0 12 36 Pharmacy 18 PhD 834 22 344 1,200 Other Biomedical 47 2 Doctorates 42 2 16 60 Life Science 36 Other 9 0 18 27 Bioengineering 26 Total 909 24 390 1,323 Other 20

Student/Trainee Information Student/Trainee Summary Average Annual Stipend (US $) US citizen/resident aliens Average Number Predoctoral male 429 Postdoctoral male 186 Postdoctoral $37,123.45 69 Predoctoral female 478 Postdoctoral female 153 Pre-doctoral $21,997.68 69 Foreign Predoctoral male 211 Postdoctoral male 376 Predoctoral female 232 Postdoctoral female 254

Ethnicity of each pre- postdoctoral student/trainee Predoctoral Trainee Completions Pre-doctoral Postdoctoral Trainees completing doctoral work Male Female Male Female during year ending 6/30/2006. Native American 10 9 1 1 Asian/Pacific Islander 40 51 29 27 Total Black (not Hispanic) 21 37 12 10 Female 134 Hispanic 16 23 9 11 Male 124 White (not Hispanic) 342 358 135 104 Total 258

Foreign National predoctoral trainee US Citizen/Resident alien postdoctoral completions: trainee completions: Male Female Male Female African 1 0 Native American 0 1 Asian/Pacific Islander 21 20 Asian/Pacific Islander 9 10 Central/South American 0 4 Black (not Hispanic) 3 3 European/Canadian, etc. 9 11 Hispanic 2 4 Middle Eastern 1 3 White (not Hispanic) 78 77 Other 1 0 Total 92 95 Total 33 38

93 The Physiologist ACDP Survey 2006 Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Student/Trainee Information (continued) Number of Foreign Pre- Postdoctoral Students/Trainees Number of Foreign Pre- Postdoctoral Predoctoral Postdoctoral trainees whose primary source of support Male Female Male Female is: African 3 5 6 1 Pre-doctoral Postdoctoral Asian/Pacific Islander 124 151 221 145 Institutional 159 49 Central/South American 16 13 19 21 Research Grants 295 501 European/Canadian, etc. 46 45 105 71 Private Foundations 23 41 Middle Eastern 21 16 13 11 Home (foreign) Gov. 10 6 Other 1 2 12 5 Other 19 4 Total 211 232 376 254 Total 506 601

Institution Summary

Type of Institution Space Controlled by Department (n=74)

Private 49 Average Public 22 Research Space 18,314 Total 71 Administrative Space 3,328 Teaching Space 2,765 Other Space: 3,009 Total Space 27,416

Institutional Financial Information

Budget by Institution All Private Public Institutions No. Medical No. Medical No. Nonmedical No.

Institutional (Hard money, e.g, $1,975,008 70 1,614,548 19 $1,858,642 38 $2,451,835 13 operating costs, state allocations) Outside Research Grants and 4,903,908 70 6,242,883 19 3,890,299 38 4,578,541 13 Contracts (direct costs only) Training Grants (direct costs only) 302,926 40 461,265 12 246,143 21 201,371 7 Endowments 292,217 39 218,050 9 494,129 21 164,473 9 Indirect Cost Recovery (amount 704,107 47 1,533,456 5 187,744 32 391,120 10 returned to your department) Other Budget Support (identify) 439,004 60 589,542 14 317,434 38 410,037 8

Average Departmental Budget 8,063,870 9,089,983 6,633,573 7,805,864

Financial Information Current fringe benefit rate most frequently used for Primary faculty 27.11 (n=73) Federally negotiated indirect cost rate for FY 06-07 off campus 26.22 (n=59) Federally negotiated indirect cost rate for FY 06-07 on campus 50.03 (n=70) Percentage of allocated salary dollars directly returned to your department 72.44 (n=50) Percentage of indirect costs returned to your department 21.61 (n=44) Percentage of total faculty salaries derived from research grants 35.61 (n=70) (does not include fringe benefits costs)

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The Physiologist ACDP Survey 2006 Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Complete Ranking According to Total Dollars Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank Research Research Research Research Total Total Research Research Total Total Grant Grant Dollars/ Dollars/ Research Research Dollars/ Dollars/ No. of Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Faculty Faculty Space Space sq ft sq ft faculty 1 $30,533,997 1 $27,643,710 1 $987,275 1 49,831 3 555 28 2 22,145,708 2 15,256,573 2 953,536 6 31,125 5 490 16 3 19,785,756 3 10,810,870 8 400,403 22 20,812 4 519 27 4 14,769,583 5 10,637,889 13 354,596 17 23,039 9 462 30 5 14,492,047 4 10,710,742 9 396,694 9 27,824 13 385 27 6 13,048,908 6 9,584,578 6 504,451 21 21,634 10 443 19 7 12,678,601 20 5,879,305 41 195,977 31 17,737 15 331 30 8 12,652,140 14 6,997,205 26 269,123 45 14,700 7 476 26 9 11,958,049 7 8,304,066 4 593,148 26 19,670 11 422 14 10 10,929,095 15 6,639,288 14 349,436 3 37,738 46 176 19 11 10,753,500 10 7,603,869 28 253,462 14 24,252 18 314 30 12 10,681,130 11 7,455,920 16 338,905 2 41,083 43 181 22 13 10,572,306 12 7,057,398 23 306,843 13 24,488 22 288 23 14 10,538,633 8 8,103,278 22 311,665 52 13,500 2 600 26 15 10,472,723 9 7,865,259 19 327,719 35 16,786 8 469 24 16 10,090,664 13 7,044,630 12 370,770 4 34,392 38 205 19 17 9,804,408 16 6,543,110 35 218,104 10 27,751 30 236 30 18 9,701,418 22 5,584,967 11 372,331 20 22,153 26 252 15 19 9,511,536 19 6,114,009 7 470,308 11 26,187 31 233 13 20 9,090,670 18 6,120,977 37 211,068 36 16,726 14 366 29 21 9,046,362 17 6,236,608 21 311,830 12 24,805 27 251 20 22 8,523,757 29 4,061,483 53 135,383 19 22,707 45 179 30 23 8,459,303 59 1,869,232 65 84,965 53 12,729 57 147 22 24 8,107,172 42 3,375,669 25 281,306 42 15,628 36 216 12 25 8,094,316 21 5,865,398 38 209,479 5 34,361 47 171 28 26 7,856,003 28 4,200,000 45 190,909 18 22,934 42 183 22 27 7,597,712 34 3,875,145 33 227,950 15 23,482 49 165 17 28 7,518,125 31 3,973,629 29 248,352 27 19,480 39 204 16 29 7,426,343 23 5,059,205 17 337,280 62 10,358 6 488 15 30 7,225,412 24 4,890,226 10 376,171 25 20,080 29 244 13 31 7,136,691 44 3,198,004 47 188,118 29 18,765 48 170 17 32 7,119,044 37 3,790,534 48 172,297 16 23,087 50 164 22 33 6,818,028 26 4,503,528 42 195,806 8 28,547 52 158 23 34 6,494,042 30 4,049,448 31 238,203 49 13,790 21 294 17 35 6,404,380 39 3,718,104 43 195,690 7 28,664 61 130 19

96 The Physiologist ACDP Survey 2006 Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank Research Research Research Research Total Total Research Research Total Total Grant Grant Dollars/ Dollars/ Research Research Dollars/ Dollars/ No. of Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Faculty Faculty Space Space sq ft sq ft faculty 36 $6,366,131 45 $3,073,069 55 $133,612 51 13,624 33 226 23 37 6,277,125 33 3,888,888 20 324,074 32 17,535 34 222 12 38 6,272,704 38 3,737,986 27 266,999 34 17,259 35 217 14 39 6,033,422 27 4,257,646 24 304,118 28 18,799 32 226 14 40 5,770,868 35 3,862,361 30 241,398 48 13,987 24 276 16 41 5,671,932 53 2,403,067 58 109,230 37 16,685 59 144 22 42 5,588,569 43 3,247,652 32 231,975 66 8,385 12 387 14 43 5,469,213 49 2,810,647 36 216,204 30 18,059 53 156 13 44 5,467,266 46 2,902,538 50 170,738 24 20,104 58 144 17 45 5,423,480 32 3,931,350 5 561,621 40 15,955 28 246 7 46 5,340,024 36 3,798,566 15 345,324 55 12,348 20 308 11 47 5,237,590 52 2,564,119 49 170,941 33 17,361 56 148 15 48 4,999,179 55 2,106,474 66 84,259 46 14,185 55 149 25 49 4,821,136 54 2,136,966 44 194,270 67 8,102 25 264 11 50 4,733,162 40 3,642,159 18 331,105 59 11,384 17 320 11 51 4,666,646 50 2,692,777 51 168,299 65 9,368 23 287 16 52 4,642,457 25 4,547,545 46 189,481 47 14,000 16 325 24 53 4,507,158 62 1,662,929 52 166,293 61 10,486 51 159 10 54 4,501,635 51 2,618,954 40 201,458 54 12,500 37 210 13 55 4,470,408 47 2,894,830 39 206,774 64 9,384 19 308 14 56 4,263,152 57 1,897,891 62 94,895 39 16,014 63 119 20 57 4,118,630 60 1,768,362 63 88,418 57 11,730 54 151 20 58 4,063,631 56 1,900,693 61 100,036 44 14,921 62 127 19 59 4,059,924 58 1,876,428 54 134,031 63 10,042 40 187 14 60 4,022,101 48 2,894,683 34 222,668 41 15,650 41 185 13 61 3,868,229 41 3,594,115 3 599,019 70 4,850 1 741 6 62 3,431,869 61 1,700,850 60 100,050 56 12,009 60 142 17 63 3,356,653 65 1,112,335 68 55,617 69 6,165 44 180 20 64 3,249,187 64 1,375,695 59 105,823 43 15,111 66 91 13 65 2,969,125 67 1,035,481 64 86,290 23 20,269 68 51 12 66 2,822,066 63 1,596,000 56 133,000 50 13,629 64 117 12 67 2,588,568 66 1,099,526 57 109,953 58 11,719 65 94 10 68 2,090,855 69 400,000 71 23,529 38 16,292 71 25 17 69 1,442,057 68 457,300 67 57,163 60 11,203 69 41 8 70 1,285,010 70 238,998 70 26,555 68 7,291 70 33 9 71 1,020,417 71 150,000 69 30,000 71 2,900 67 52 5

97 The Physiologist AAMC Survey Results Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

AAMC Medical School Faculty Compensation Survey

Each year the American Association of Medical Colleges Summary statistics on faculty compensation in physiology (AAMC) surveys all the US medical schools as to faculty com- departments for PhD faculty are given in Table 2. Table 3 pensation. Because of this, the ACDP (see associated article) shows the changes in salary that have occurred over the past decided to no longer collect the same data from its members. three years. The summary statistics for separate regions of the As a supplement to the ACDP survey, the AAMC has agreed country are given in Table 4. to allow the APS to publish selected results from their survey. Table 5 shows the salary comparison between PhD faculty Table 1 shows the regional distribution of medical schools in all basic science departments vs. those in physiology responding to the AAMC survey in terms of public medical departments. ™ and private medical. Also shown is the number of physiology departments in those regions that responded.

Table 1. Distribution of Medical Schools Responding to AAMC Medical School Faculty Compensation Survey.

Northeast Midwest South West TOTAL

All Private Medical 20 9 9 2 40 Public Medical 7 10 16 10 43

Physiology All Medical Schools 18 21 29 9 77

Table 2. Summary Statistics on Physiology Department PhD Faculty Compensation. 25th Median 75th Mean Number of Faculty

Chair All Schools 175,000 205,000 247,000 213,000 213,000

Medical Public 161,000 201,000 232,000 200,400 200,400

Medical Private 182,000 233,000 288,000 241,000 241,000

Professor All Schools 114,000 133,000 160,000 140,300 140,300

Medical Public 114,000 131,000 152,000 137,900 137,900

Medical Private 114,000 143,000 166,000 146,000 146,000

Associate Professor All Schools 83,000 92,000 101,000 93,400 93,400

Medical Public 83,000 93,000 102,000 93,700 93,700

Medical Private 82,000 91,000 98,000 92,900 92,900

Assistant Professor All Schools 61,000 76,000 87,000 75,200 75,200

Medical Public 62,000 76,000 86,000 75,200 75,200

Medical Private 60,000 75,000 87,000 75,200 75,200

Instructor All Schools 43,000 47,000 53,000 48,700 48,700

Medical Public 42,000 46,000 53,000 47,600 47,600

Medical Private 44,000 48,000 53,000 50,800 50,800

98 The Physiologist AAMC Survey Results Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Table 3. Change in Total Compensation for Physiology Department PhD Faculty. % Change 2004-2005 to 2005-2006 2004-2005 2003-2004 2005-2006 Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median Mean Median 109,800 100,000 104,900 96,000 100,800 94,000 4.7 4.2 Mean and median values were combined for Assistant, Associate, and Professor.

Table 4. Summary Statistics on Physiology Department PhD Faculty Compensation by Region. Northeast Midwest South West

Chair 25th 197,000 192,000 148,000 197,000 Median 223,000 217,000 180,000 216,000 75th 275,000 264,000 232,000 269,000 Mean 235,600 223,400 185,600 232,000 Total Faculty 18 21 29 9

Professor 25th 119,000 114,000 104,000 124,000 Median 144,000 130,000 121,000 143,000 75th 165,000 153,000 150,000 171,000 Mean 147,100 137,600 130,400 154,000 Total Faculty 165 167 198 95

Associate Professor 25th 85,000 82,000 82,000 87,000 Median 93,000 92,000 90,000 98,000 75th 102,000 99,000 100,000 109,000 Mean 96,900 92,200 91,400 96,400 Total Faculty 81 92 122 30

Assistant Professor 25th 69,000 56,000 58,000 75,000 Median 83,000 70,000 73,000 87,000 75th 92,000 80,000 82,000 98,000 Mean 81,900 68,300 71,400 85,900 Total Faculty 119 119 115 43

Instructor 25th 45,000 47,000 41,000 Median 50,000 49,000 45,000 75th 60,000 52,000 48,000 Mean 52,400 51,000 45,200 Total Faculty 23 10 43 4 99 The Physiologist AAMC Survey Results Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Table 5. Salary comparison between all basic science departments and physiology departments.

All Basic Science Departments Physiology Chair 25th 172,000 175,000 Median 207,000 205,000 75th 253,000 247,000 Mean 214,300 213,000 Total Faculty 533 77

Professor 25th 114,000 114,000 Median 137,000 133,000 75th 167,000 160,000 Mean 144,800 140,300 Total Faculty 4,109 625

Associate Professor 25th 83,000 83,000 Median 95,000 92,000 75th 109,000 101,000 Mean 97,800 93,400 Total Faculty 2,665 325

Assistant Professor 25th 64,000 61,000 Median 76,000 76,000 75th 86,000 87,000 Mean 76,400 75,200 Total Faculty 3,718 396

Instructor 25th 45,000 43,000 Median 50,000 47,000 75th 59,000 53,000 Mean 53,300 48,700 Total Faculty 662 80

CALL FOR NOMINATIONS

for the Editorship of the

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

Nominations are invited for the Editorship of the American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology to succeed D. Brown, who will complete his term as Editor on June 30, 2008. The Publications Committee plans to interview candidates in the Fall of 2007.

Applications should be received before August 15, 2007. Nominations, accompanied by a curriculum vitae, should be sent to the Chair of the Publications Committee:

Kim E. Barrett, Ph.D. APS 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20814-3991

100 The Physiologist Membership Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

New Regular Members *Transferred from Student Membership (9)

Bruce A. Adams Hayley Dickinson Anlong Li Univ. of California, San Francisco Monash Univ., Australia Johns Hopkins Univ., MD Wonsik Ahn Jose Alberto Duarte Tang-Dong Liao Seoul National Univ. Hosp., S. Korea Univ. of Porto, Portugal Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI Yana Anfinogenova Travis Luke Dutka Satoshi Lino Albany Med. College, NY La Trobe Univ., Australia Univ. of Fukui, Japan Chiye Aoki Emilia Entcheva Heinrich E. Lob New York Univ. Stony Brook Univ., NY Emory Univ., Atlanta, GA Eugene O. Apostolov Clara Franzini-Armstrong David S. Mallory Univ. of Arkansas Univ. of Pennsylvania Marshall Univ., WV Andrea G. Bechtold Maria A. Garcia-Espinosa Madhu Sudan Malo Univ. of California, Davis Wake Forest Univ., NC Mass. Gen. Hosp./Harvard Med. Jacques L. Bernheim Gosala Gopalakrishnan Daniel L. Marks Meir Medical Center, Israel Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ctr., MA Oregon Health & Sci. Univ. Soumyaroop Bhattacharya Roberta A. Gottlieb Tanguy Marqueste Brigham & Women’s Hosp., MA San Diego State Univ., CA Univ. Aix-Marseille 2, France Jason M. Blank* Charles Marshall Gray Helen Maria Marriott Univ. of California, Irvine Montana State Univ., Bozeman Univ. of Sheffield, UK Ion Alexandru Bobulescu Robert Isaac Gregerman Paul John Marvar* Univ. of TX Southwestern Med. Ctr. Univ. of TX Hlth Sci Ctr., San Antonio Emory Univ., GA Anja Bondke Justin Lewis Grobe Daniel J. McCann Charite Univ. Berlin, Germany Univ. of Iowa Gonzaga Univ., WA Vincent Bonhomme Kevin D. Hall Tara L. McIsaac CHU De Liege, Belgium NIDDK/NIH, MD Columbia Univ. Teachers Coll., NY Josef Brandauer* Samantha Paige Harris Maurizio Molinari Joslin Diabetes Center, MA Univ. of Washington, Seattle Inst. Res. Biomedicine, Swaziland Fabien Brette Heitham Hassoun Lisa K. Moore Univ. of Manchester, UK Johns Hopkins Univ., MD Florida Tech. Sabrina McGary Brougher Dustin Shayne Hittel Vivian K. Mushahwar Delaware State Univ., Dover Univ. of Calgary, AB, Canada Univ. of Alberta, Canada Joan H. Brown Josephine Hjoberg Jennifer E. Naugle* Univ. of California, San Diego Uppsala Univ., Sweden Shenandoah Univ., VA Justin W. Brown* John Michael Hollander Henning Bay Nielsen James Madison Univ., VA West Virginia Univ., Morgantown Rigshospitalet, Denmark Randy Wayne Bryner John David Holtzclaw Shawn Ranee Noren West Virginia Univ., Morgantown Univ. of Nebraska Med. Ctr., Omaha Univ. of California, Santa Cruz Shizhong Bu Kelvin Edward Jones Robert O’Hagan* Med. Univ. of SC, Charleston Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Massachusetts Inst. Tech. Pedro Cabrales Collette Changie Jonkam Julie A. Owens La Jolla Bioengineering Inst., CA Univ. of Texas Med. Branch, Galveston Univ. of Adelaide, Australia Santiago Camacho Wolfgang Georg Junger Peter M. Piermarini Mexico City Gen. Hosp., Mexico Univ. of California, San Diego Cornell Univ., NY Helena Carvalho Heikki S.Olavi Kainulainen Pascale Plaisancie Virginia Commonwealth Univ. Univ. of Jyviaskyla, Finland INSERM U 865, Lyon Cedex, France Yanping Cheng Youngnam Kang Scott E. Plevy Cardiovascular Research Fndn., NY Osaka Univ. Grad. Sch. Dent., Japan Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Keith Patrick Choe Andreas N. Kavazis Shyamal Premaratnei Vanderbilt Univ., TN Univ. of Florida Virginia Union Univ. Erika C. Claud Stephen D. Krasinski Nora D. Prochnow Univ. of Chicago, IL Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA Ruhr-Univ., Germany Zoe Cohen* Derek Stephen Kimmerly* Lee Joseph Quinton* Univ. of Arizona, Tucson Univ. Hlth. Network, Toronto Gen., Harvard Univ., MA Sergio De Frutos-Garcia Canada Jesse D. Roberts Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque Gayarthri Krishnamoorthy Massachusetts General Hosp. Micheline M. De Resende Univ. of Vermont, Burlington Basil D. Roufogalis Medical Coll. Wisconsin, Milwaukee Nagomi Kurebayashi Univ. of Sydney, Australia David W. DeGroot Juntendo Univ., Tokyo, Japan Damjana Rozman Pennsylvania State Univ. Aharon Lev-Tov Ctr. Funct’l. Genom./Bio-Chips, Slovenia Lucas DeMaio Hebrew Univ. Jerusalem, Israel Javier A. Sala Mercado Univ. of Southern CA, Los Angeles Wayne State Univ., MI

101 The Physiologist Membership Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Laura G. Sanchez-Lozada Michael K. Stickland* Chih-Luch A. Wang Inst. Natl. De Cardiol., Mexico Univ. of Alberta, Canada Boston Biomed. Res. Inst., MA Rohit Seth Mu Sun Daniel Edward Warren* Florida State Univ., Tallahassee Univ. of Minnesota Univ. of California, San Francisco Rajat Sethi Yuichiro Suzuki Wang Wei-Zhong Texas A&M Georgetown Univ., DC Univ. of Nebraska Heidi L. Shafford* Kathleen T.B. Swan Rohan B.H. Williams* Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA All Children’s Hospital, FL Univ. of New South Wales, Australia Jurichiro Shimizu Melody A. Swartz Lilliya M. Yamaleyeva Nara Medical Univ., Japan Swiss Fed. Inst. Tech., Switzerland Wake Forest Univ., NC Donna M. Simmons Kouichi Tamura Masaaki Yoshigi Univ. of Southern CA, Los Angeles Yokohama City Univ. Sch. Med., Japan Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City Stacy Sims Aranza I. Torrado Binglan Yu Stanford Univ., CA Univ. of Puerto Rico Mass. Gen. Hosp., Boston Cynthia Smas Panapat Uawithya Qingli Zhang* Medical Univ. Ohio, Toledo National Institutes Health, MD Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore Ira James Smith Sathish Venkatachalem Xiaoli Zhao* Duke Univ., NC Mayo Clinic, MN Univ. of Med. & Dent., NJ James R. Sowers Rudiger Von der Heydt Dan Zhou Univ. of Missouri, Columbia Johns Hopkins Univ., MD Merck & Co. Inc., NJ Andrew Stewart Gareth A. Wallis* Beth Israel Deaconess Med. Ctr., MA Univ. of California, Berkeley New Student Members Bonnie Akerman Carmen Halabi William Nugent Dartmouth Med. Sch., NH Univ. of Iowa Virginia Commonwealth Univ. LaMonta Beard Lauren Hanna Ahmed Oloyo Northeastern Ohio Univ. Ball State Univ., IN Univ. of Lagos, Nigeria Allison Berg Linda Harley Barkha Patel Univ. of Virginia Georgia Inst. of Tech. York Univ., Canada Paula Bernal Keith Hengen Xin Pei Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison Columbia Univ., NY Daniel Best Julio Hilario-Vargas Arthur Pope Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Texas Tech Univ. Ohio State Univ. Sharell Bindom Erica Hutchins Gamika Prathapasinghe Louisiana State Univ. Univ. of Albany, NY Univ. of Manitoba, Canada Lindsea Booth Dov Judd Caroline Raasch Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore Louisiana State Univ. Justin Buehner Daniel Kaukola Myoung-gwi Ryou Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks Northern Michigan Univ. Univ. of North Texas Thomas Buford Emily Kilpatrick Alan Snow Baylor Univ., TX Univ. of Connecticut Kent State Univ., OH Kritika Chaudhari Nicole Kleinstreuer Leandro Solis Idaho State Univ. Univ. of Canterbury, New Zealand Univ. of Alberta, Canada Justin Chung Luutz Kraushaar Bradley Thomas Univ. of Waterloo, Canada Univ. of Bielefeld, Germany Howard Univ., DC Jacqueline Crissey Andrew Levy Shin-Hua Tseng Univ. of Texas, Austin Univ. of Waterloo, Canada Nat’l. Tsin-hua Univ., Taiwan Rachel Crnich Mary Rachael Lovett-Barr Nietzell Vazquez-Acevedo Colorado State Univ. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison Univ. of Puerto Rico Erica Dale Chitrawina Mahagita Esben Vestergaard Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison Mahidol Univ., Thailand Aarhus Univ. Hospital, Puerto Rico Jared Dickinson Hitesh Modak Annie Whitaker Ball State Univ., IN Grant Med. College, India Louisiana State Univ. Devin Flaherty Ayodele Morakinyo Nicole Wisniewski Univ. of North Texas Univ. of Lagos, Nigeria Idaho State Univ. John Florian Gauri Nayak Robert Wolfla Pennsylvania State Univ. Florida Atlantic Univ. Andersen Univ., IN Andreas Flouris Zachary Neeb Wee Kian Yeo Dalhousie Univ., Canada Indiana Univ. RMIT, Australia Sarabeth Graham Karl New Barbara Zaffo Univ. of North Texas Univ. of Wales, UK Univ. of Albany, NY

102 The Physiologist Membership Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

New Affiliate Members Rosann J. Carpenter Nancy Hattaway Miller Mary L. Puglia Hiral N. Shah Columbia Univ., NY Diablo Valley College, CA Central Arizona College Washington Hosp. Ctr., DC

Recently Deceased Members

George N. Bedell Steven M. Horvath Ruth Pick Iowa City, IA Williamsville, NY Chicago, IL Henry R. Besch, Jr. Harold M. Kaplan Alberto L. Politoff Indianapolis, IN Warr Acres, OK Chapel Hill, NC Nathaniel A. Buchwald Joe Marwah Amar K. Sen Los Angeles, CA Irvine, CA Toronto, ON, Canada Delwood C. Collins Samuel M. McCann Stanley C. Skoryna Lexington, KY Baton Rouge, LA Montreal, QC, Canada Ernest D. Michael Santa Barbara, CA Communications

APS Sponsors USC Doctoral Student for Media Fellowship

University of Southern California doc- Leitzell majored in German studies transporters and explores the intracel- toral student Katherine Leitzell has and minored in Biology at Whitman lular signals that regulate trafficking of accepted the 2007 AAAS Mass Media College in Walla Walla WA. After gradu- the GABA transporter to and from the Fellowship sponsored by APS. She will ating in 2002, she received her master’s plasma membrane in neurons. complete her 10-week assignment at US degree in biological sciences from USC Past fellows News & World Report, which has its edi- where she expects to get her PhD in This is the ninth year that APS has torial offices in Washington, DC. The 2009. sponsored a mass media fellow. AAAS Communications Committee recom- During her Fulbright fellowship year, has continued to keep in touch with mended Leitzell, a former Fulbright Leitzell attended the University of these fellows and has found that about scholar, for the fellowship. Rostock (in the former East Germany) half remain in science, while half pursue The fellowship is designed to encour- where she studied neurobiology and a career in science writing. age communication of science to the gen- worked in a neuroscience laboratory. So far, three APS fellows have gone on eral public. The AAAS places several fel- She has also worked as a marketing to science journalism and five are in sci- lows each year with various media out- intern, the public programs coordinator ence. Of the three in journalism, one is a lets. Each fellow is sponsored by a differ- for The Imaginarium in Anchorage, medical reporter for a major newspaper, ent professional society. The APS has Alaska and has been a science writer for one hosts a science weekly radio pro- sponsored a doctoral or postdoctoral the USC magazine, USC Today. gram and one is the life sciences editor physiologist through the AAAS program Leitzell’s dissertation research focus- for a technology magazine. ™ for nine years. es on the regulation of neurotransmitter

The American Physiological Society Medical Physiology Curriculum Objectives http://www.the-aps.org/education/MedPhysObj/medcor.htm Download in HTML or PDF format NOW AVAILABLE IN PRINT FORM; UP TO 15 COPIES FREE PER DEPARTMENT. NEW UPDATES: Cardiovascular and Respiration Section

The Medical Physiology Curriculum Objectives is a APS Education Office joint project of The American Physiological Society and the 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3991 Association of Chairs of Departments of Physiology. Phone: 301-634-7132; Fax: 301-634-7098: Email: [email protected]; http://www.the-aps.org/education.htm

103 The Physiologist Education Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

New Program Improves Trainees’ Presentation Skills

Over 70 graduate students from three The workshops were especially of Chicago (ASM); Darlene Racker, biomedical fields honed their presenta- designed for underrepresented minority Northwestern Univ.; Hector Rasgado- tion skills at two three-day APS students. They brought together Flores, Rosalind Franklin Univ.; Tom Professional Skills Workshops on trainees from APS as well as from two Schmidt, Univ. of Iowa; Annabell “Making Scientific Presentations: partner societies, American Society for Segarra, Univ. of Puerto Rico Critical First Skills” (January 18-21 in Microbiology (ASM) and Society for In addition, invited speakers offered Orlando, FL; March 8-11 in Bethesda, Developmental Biology. plenary talks on specific topics associat- MD). The courses were supported by a Trainee participants worked in small ed with writing and reviewing for jour- grant to the APS from the National groups of five to six matched with an nals. They were: Rayna Gonzalez, Univ. Institute of General Medical Sciences established biomedical researcher from of California, Irvine; Dexter Lee, (NIH Grant #GM073062-01). one of the three societies to better Howard Univ.; L. Gabriel Navar, Tulane The workshops allowed attendees to: enable them to receive individualized Univ.; Keri Kles Poi, Eli Lilly & effectively introduce themselves to a training and hands-on training, as well Company; Michael Romero, Mayo Clinic; group; as allowing for networking opportuni- Thomas Schmidt, Univ. of Iowa. give a more in-depth introduction of ties. APS is now working towards the themselves; APS thanks the following group lead- development of the online courses for write an effective meeting abstract; ers for their hard work and dedication to both the 2006 “Writing and Reviewing write clear and powerful poster text; the students: Dale Benos, Univ. of for Scientific Journals” and the 2007 design a dynamic and understand- Alabama, Birmingham; Mary Anne “Making Scientific Presentations: able poster; Courtney, Univ. of Rochester (ASM); Joe Critical First Skills” courses. Beta- give an effective poster presenta- Dunbar, Wayne State Univ.; Elizabeth testers will be needed to take the cours- tion; Eldon, California State Univ., Long es online, both individually as well as in discover how diversity issues can Beach (SDB); Judith Heady, Univ. of small groups. For more information or to influence how they introduce them- Michigan-Dearborn (SDB); Robert sign up to be notified about being a beta- selves and write and design poster Hester, Univ. of Mississippi (both work- tester, please go to the Professional presentations; shops); Carole Liedtke, Case Western Skills website at http://www.the- learn about resources that can fur- Reserve Univ.; Patricia Molina, aps.org/education/professionalskills/. ™ ther develop their presentation skills. Louisiana State Univ.; Jo Morello, Univ.

104 The Physiologist Education Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Twenty APS Members to Host Summer Research Experience for Sixteen Science Teachers This spring 16 teachers from across the nation were select- as the “APS Science Teaching Forum” at the Airlie Center in ed to participate in the year-long 2007 Frontiers in Physiology Warrenton, VA. An APS member and an APS Outreach Fellow Professional Development Fellowship Program. One compo- will serve as the Physiologists-in-Residence, and a leadership nent of the fellowship is a local partnership between the sci- team of past RTs will serve as Mentor/Instructors. Together ence teacher and an APS member, who jointly applied to the they will facilitate sessions using APS curriculum units and program and, in several instances, committed to contributing exploring inquiry- and equity-based teaching strategies, how a portion of the fellow’s stipends. Twenty APS members are to integrate technology into their classroom, and equity issues serving as hosts and mentors to the teachers by providing in science education. As part of the fellowship in the fall, the each teacher fellow with a physiology-based laboratory RTs will be developing and refining their own inquiry-based research experience for seven to eight weeks this summer. lab activity that can be used in the science classroom. Finally, Through this opportunity, the Research Teachers (RTs) learn the RTs will be concluding their fellowship year by participat- first-hand how the research process works, allowing them to ing in the EB 2008 meeting through which they experience a enhance their own science teaching with their students in the scientific meeting. classroom. The following are the teacher/research host teams for the In July, typically in the midst of their research experience, 2007 Frontiers in Physiology Professional Development the RTs will be attending an intensive workshop week known Fellowship Program:

Nancy Buehner, Deubrook Area Schools, SD Erin Odya, Warren Central High School, Indianapolis, IN Alan Erickson, South Dakota State Univ. C. Subah Packer, Indiana Univ. School of Medicine

Kathleen Caslow, Episcopal High School, Alexandria, VA Lorraine O’Shea, Schroeder Middle School, Grand Forks, ND Pedro Jose, Georgetown Univ. Van Doze, Univ. of North Dakota School of Medicine

Dawn DeMayo, Montclair High School, Montclair, NJ Juanita Quevedo, Otay Ranch High School, Chula Vista, CA Andrew Thomas, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School Richard Lieber, Univ. of California, San Diego

Debbie Frankel, Sherwood Middle School, Sherwood, OR Conrad Reyes, Franklin K. Lane High School, Brooklyn, NY Virginia Brooks, Oregon Health & Science Univ. William Coetzee, New York Univ. School of Medicine

Marshan Jefferson, Anacostia Senior High School, Mary Ann Sara, Addams Middle School, Royal Oak, MI Washington, DC Joseph Dunbar, Wayne State Univ. School of Medicine Georges Haddad, Howard Univ. Latasha Baynes Seay, Pinellas Park Middle School, Pinellas Megan Lane, C.R. Anderson Middle School, Helena, MT Park, FL Michael Morrow, Univ. of Montana Western Bruce Lindsey, Eric Bennett, Jay Dean,& Daniel Yip Univ. of South Florida College of Medicine Norman Leonard, Pike High School, Indianapolis, IN Steven Miller, Indiana Univ. School of Medicine Camia Steinmann, Clear Creek High School, League City, TX Norman Weisbrodt,& Rosemary Kozar, Univ. of Texas Joanna Miller, Assumption High School, Louisville, KY Medical School, Houston Jeff Falcone, Univ. of Louisville Monica Van-Y, Michigan Health Academy, Detroit, MI Benedict Lucchesi, Univ. of Michigan Medical School

Bowditch Award Lecture The Bowditch Lectureship is awarded to a regular member, Lecturer. A nomination shall be accompanied by a candidate’s under 42 years of age, for original and outstanding accomplish- curriculum vitae and one letter detailing the individual’s status, ments in the field of physiology. Selected by the APS President, contributions, and potential. the recipient presents a lecture at the Experimental Biology More information on the award and nomination procedures meeting, which is considered for publication in the Society jour- are available at http://www.the-aps.org. Nominations should be nal of their choosing. The recipient receives an honorarium of sent to: The APS Bowditch Lecture Award, c/o Linda Jean $2,500, reimbursement of expenses incurred while participating Dresser, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3991; or sub- in the Experimental Biology meeting, and a plaque. The mem- mitted online at http://www.the-aps.org/cgi- bership is invited to submit nominations for the Bowditch bin/Election/Lecture_form.htm.

105 The Physiologist Publications Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Opening up Open Access: Weaving the “Author Pays” Safety Net Introduction diversifying APS’s revenue streams, lishing cost to authors from about $1,000 As of July 1, 2007, all authors who because the APS is so reliant on journal as currently estimated to about $3,000 by publish in the APS research journals subscription revenue. (Publications rev- converting to author pays will drive me (Table 1) will have the choice to pay a fee enue comprises 83% of all society rev- away because I just don’t have that kind for immediate open access (OA) of their enue; subscription revenue is 58% of all of money. Say 10 papers per year, this ups article. At their March Committee meet- society revenue.) As part of this explo- the cost by $20,000, which is half of my ings, the Publications and Finance ration of other revenue streams, the total supplies budget and would simply Committees supported a proposal to Finance Task Force asked the be unsustainable. Unless we can find a extend the OA choice to all APS research Publications Office to put together a way to make NIH up grant income to journals. Up until now, only the authors business plan for retaining journal rev- cope with this, very unlikely in the cur- of Physiological Genomics articles have enue if subscription income was no rent climate let alone in good years.” had such a choice. longer viable as a source of revenue. Be that as it may, publishers may not The new policy will work as follows: This revenue was seen to be at risk have a choice, and this article describes Authors will be informed in their accept- because of the activities of advocates of how APS can move to an Author Pays ance letters that they have the choice to the OA movement. OA advocates believe Model of funding the journals if sub- pay a $2,000 supplemental fee to make that all scientific journal literature scription income becomes seriously their article free to all immediately upon should be made free to all, benefiting sci- endangered. But, as was stated in a online publication, with a link to a pay- entists, who will no longer have any bar- recent roundtable discussion with ment form. Upon receipt of the fee, the riers to reading and using it; and the lay librarians, the Open Access movement is APS staff will make the article free public, who will be able to read the a political and social movement that online. This fee is in addition to any results of the studies that they funded lacks a rational business model, though page charges, color fees, or reprint costs with their tax dollars. OA advocates, it has huge financial implications. that the author will be billed for at the when pressed, will agree that publication Therefore, we find ourselves anticipat- end of the production process of the of scientific journals costs something, so ing and reacting to a change that is not print issue. As always, the APS will con- purport that publication costs could be necessarily fiscally optimal for the play- tinue to make all articles free to all 12 paid by the researchers themselves as ers involved, including libraries and months after issue publication. just another expense of doing research— their institutions, authors, and publish- Authors may choose to pay for imme- in other words, out of the authors’ grants. ers. So while an Author Pays financial diate open access for a number of rea- This is widely known as the Author Pays model may be considered our “safety sons, including the desire to have their Model of funding publication in an OA net” in case this political movement article be free to all online sooner than world. Perhaps because these advocates erodes or destroys subscription income, 12 months, or to meet the obligations of realize that not all authors or fields of we believe it should remain a safety net: some funding agencies that require arti- study are funded to the same degree, testing it to see if it will hold, but not cles to be free in less than the APS- there is also talk of, and some experimen- using it unless we need to. approved 12 months after publication. tation with, institutions and even The proposal was made to the libraries assisting with these author fees. Testing the Safety Net Committees by staff for a number of rea- The APS has long been an advocate of Since 2003, Physiological Genomics sons, including a request to publications widespread access to its journal content, (PG) has given authors a choice of paying staff to look at another revenue model in for years sending print journals to devel- a fee for OA: $1,500 when there were no case journal subscription revenue oping countries, and was an early adopter other author fees imposed on that jour- became severely threatened by such of making all online journal content free nal, and $750 in 2006, when regular funding agency requirements and the 12 months after publication. It has, author fees (page and color charges) were general movement toward OA. through its Executive Director, Marty implemented. In 2006, 18% of authors Frank, developed and led the DC chose to pay the OA fee. We know, howev- Background Principles Coalition, which promotes as er, that this OA fee plus the author fees At the APS’s Strategic Planning meet- much free access to scientific literature does not pay the full cost of publishing an ing in November 2005, the request was as publishers can afford. However, the article in PG. For a new journal with lit- made to create a Task Force to look at APS does not see the Author Pays Model tle subscription revenue to risk, it has as the best finan- been an interesting experiment to see Table 1. APS Research Journals included in OA Choice. cial model for the how much uptake there could be when AJP–Cell Physiology community, put- OA fees are very reasonable. AJP–Endocrinology and Metabolism ting too much of AJP–Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology the burden on OA Choice for All Journals AJP–Heart and Circulatory Physiology authors. As Peter In March 2007, staff proposed to the AJP–Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology Wagner, Chair of Publications and Finance Committees to AJP–Regulatory, Integrative & Comparative Physiology the Finance expand our OA choice program to AJP–Renal Physiology Committee, stated authors of all our research journals, but Journal of Applied Physiology recently in an to charge a fee that is much closer to Journal of Neurophysiology email following up what would need to be charged if sub- Physiological Genomics on a Task Force scription revenue went away. We know conference call: that when we looked at 2005 costs, the Advances in Physiology Education is already free to all online. “Raising the pub- cost to publish a single research article 106 The Physiologist Publications Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007 averaged across all the journals was ting into in the move to an author pays will happen when author and OA fees approximately $3,000. We also know model. make up a larger percent of revenue than that an author, on average across all the Make it easier to move to an author subscriptions. More than likely, however, journals, pays $1,000 in regular publica- pays system if we need to, because as stated above, the decision to move to a tion fees. Therefore, we set the OA choice authors, their funding agencies, and complete Author Pays model will be as fee at $2,000. their institutions will already have much a political as a financial one. For Giving all authors a choice of OA become accustomed to the kinds of fees instance, in order not to lose authors, allows us to accomplish the following: that will sustain the publications. other competing journals would have to Continue our mission of allowing The converse result of this testing the be moving to a similar financial model to access to be as free as is fiscally possible. safety net might be to make the safety make it feasible for APS to do so. Use OA fees to keep subscription net less necessary. If it turns out that price increases to a minimum, or even authors are not willing to pay these fees, Institutional Membership and lower subscription prices as early as funding agencies are not willing to fund Discounts 2009. (Subscription price increases will them, and institutions realize that they As stated above, some libraries see it continue to be calculated to cover cost may end up paying more in OA fees than as their duty to help authors pay their after other revenue is taken into account. they ever did in subscription costs (as OA fees, especially in anticipation of The expected uptake of OA choice—based research institutions that cover these decreasing journal subscription costs. on previous uptake—will be budgeted costs certainly will) (1, 2), there could be One model that some publishers are into the revenue expected from other a cooling of the OA rhetoric, and a experimenting with is to give authors sources when subscription prices are set. return to talk of a more balanced cost discounts on their OA fees if their insti- This is illustrated in Table 2.) recovery of subscription sales plus tution pays a “membership” fee: in many Give authors of papers funded by author fees. Either way, the APS will be cases, at the exact rate of an online sub- agencies that are demanding OA a way prepared to use the model that will ulti- scription. This model maintains diversi- to meet their requirements and pay a mately come to the fore, because it will fication of revenue, but does not allow realistic fee—as some of these funding have experimented with the new one libraries to realize real savings, which agencies have stated they are willing to (author pays) without having thrown was part of the impetus for OA, so it is do—based on actual costs. out the old one (subscriptions). yet to be seen whether it will be attrac- Test the ability and willingness of tive in the long run. It also could put authors to pay the full cost of publishing Needing the Safety Net libraries in the position of influencing an article. As stated above, authors may In the event that subscription revenue where authors publish their articles, have help from their funding agencies, erodes to a point that remaining sub- instead of what they read (and what a institutions, or even their libraries, and scription revenue, author fees, advertis- researcher reads is not entirely deter- they all need to know what they are get- ing, and OA choice fees are no longer mined by the institution’s library), able to cover the cost which may not be best for scientists or Table 2. The Effect of OA Fees on Subscription Prices. plus 10% margin science. We will be monitoring the popu- that Council has larity, successes, and shortcomings of 2009 Projected total revenue needed 150,000 mandated for this model and can consider it an option 2009 Projected subscription revenue 90,000 Publications, the at some future date. ™ 2009 Projected other revenue 50,000 APS will implement 2009 Projected OA revenue 0 a mandatory Author Conclusion Projected total actual revenue 140,000 Pays Model at a cost In its efforts to make journal content equivalent to the as free as possible while preserving the Subscription price increase/decrease needed 7% real cost of an article journal revenue that sustains the soci- (plus the 10% mar- ety’s activities, APS has decided to 2009 Projected total revenue needed 150,000 gin and less all other extend the OA choice option to all its 2009 Projected subscription revenue 90,000 journal-related rev- research journals. By testing an author 2009 Projected other revenue 50,000 enue streams), and pays system of revenue, the APS publi- 2009 Projected OA revenue 10,000 make the online cations program can more easily move to Projected total actual revenue 150,000 journals free to all. If this system if and when the journals at that point we are become completely open access, and sub- Subscription price increase/decrease needed 0% still selling print scription revenue is no longer available. subscriptions, we 2009 Projected total revenue needed 150,000 will continue to do so References 2009 Projected subscription revenue 90,000 at prices based on 2009 Projected other revenue 50,000 cost, and this will be Davis PM, Ehling T, Habicht O, How 2009 Projected OA revenue 20,000 considered another S, Saylor JM, and Walker K. Report of Projected total actual revenue 160,000 revenue stream to the CUL Task Force on Open Access add to the mix. Publishing. Ithaca: Cornell University, Subscription price increase/decrease needed -6% It may occur that 2004, p. 27. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/193 This table shows that if enough authors choose to pay an OA the OA choice is far Davis PM. Calculating the Cost per fee, subscription prices might not need to be increased, or more popular than Article in the Current Subscription could be decreased in future years. The revenue amounts anticipated, and so Model. Ithaca: Cornell University, 2004, used are for illustrative purposes only. the trigger event to move to Author Pays p. 2. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/236. 107 The Physiologist Public Affairs Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

APS Testifies Before NIH ‘get back on track.’ We support a 6.7% increase for the NIH in FY 2008. Congress on FY 2008 This recommendation is based upon Funding what is needed to bring the NIH budget to the level it would have been at in Each year when Congress gets ready to 2010 if the agency had been keeping up set agency budgets for the coming year it with inflation since the end of the dou- listens to recommendations from outside bling in FY 2003. experts. This spring the APS had the “Our nation faces many challenges, opportunity to testify before two House of but we believe that a compelling case can Representatives Appropriations subcom- be made for building upon our invest- mittees on FY 2008 funding for the ment in NIH-funded research. Research APS President Hannah Carey National Institutes of Health (NIH) and has enabled great strides in the treat- testified before the US House of for the National Science Foundation ment of diseases that affect people Representatives Appropriations (NSF) and NASA. Excerpts of those around the world, such as obesity, heart subcommittee on Labor, Health statements follow. disease, diabetes and cancer, but much and Human Services and On March 27, 2007, APS President- more work remains to be done. Learning Education. elect Hannah Carey testified before the more about the underlying mechanisms those at APS that strive to improve sci- House of Representatives Appropriations of disease will show us how to identify ence education at all levels and create a subcommittee on Labor, Health and disease processes and intervene at the diverse scientific workforce by providing Human Services and Education on the earliest stages, before symptoms begin to opportunities for minorities to become NIH budget for FY 2008. The hearing decrease a patient’s quality of life and involved in research activities.” was well attended, and several Members increase the cost of medical care. of Congress asked questions of the wit- “NIH is the principle source of fund- On April 24, 2007, Carey testified nesses. Excerpts from the testimony ing for most physiology research, which before the House Appropriations subcom- appear below. investigates the most basic biological mittee on Commerce, Justice and Science “On behalf of the scientific communi- mechanisms of life. Years of research on the NSF and NASA budgets for FY ty, I would like to thank you for the into the fundamental molecular compo- 2008. Excerpts from the testimony follow. strong support that Congress has given nents of biological systems has provided “The NSF fills a critical role in the the NIH. We know that Congress under- the raw materials for understanding the research community by funding basic stands the importance of biomedical functions of cells, tissues, organ systems, research into the physical, biological research and we appreciate that. The whole organisms and even populations. and behavioral sciences. The agency doubling of the NIH budget enabled the However, despite tremendous gains in provides support for approximately 20% agency to expand its efforts to address biomedical research there remains a of all federally funded basic science and important challenges in biomedical sci- need to apply the findings of molecular is the major source of support for non- ence; challenges that we need to sur- biology to organisms in all of their phys- medical biology research, including mount in order to solve our nation’s iological complexity. Doing so will lead to integrative, ecological, and evolutionary pressing health problems. Increased a better understanding of human health biology, as well as interdisciplinary bio- research funding has allowed and disease, and facilitate researchers to explore scientific oppor- the development of new tunities on an unprecedented scale and treatments and preven- also made it possible to train the next tion strategies. The scien- generation of scientists. tific community is poised “The problem is that since the dou- to move forward into bling of the NIH budget was completed, these exciting new areas the agency’s funding has not kept pace of research, but doing so with the rate of inflation. The erosion of will require continued its purchasing power has forced NIH to support of investigator- make tough choices. At the present time, initiated research and NIH is able to fund less than one out of training programs at the every five grant applications it receives. NIH. This means that top-tier research is not “We at the APS would being funded, and that has repercus- also like to stress the sions. Not only are some of the best importance of NIH-funded ideas being left unexplored, but we are training programs for the also sending a very negative signal to next generation of scien- our most talented and creative scien- tists. NIH not only pro- tists, including the scientific leaders of vides direct support to the future. students through training “The APS joins the Federation of grants made to institu- Carey’s testimony included, “We at the APS would American Societies for Experimental tions across the country, also like to stress the importance of NIH-funded Biology and the Ad Hoc group for med- but also through the sup- training programs for the next generation of sci- ical research in urging Congress to help port of programs such as entists.

108 The Physiologist Public Affairs Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007 logical research. The majority of the “In addition to supporting and foster- funding NSF provides is awarded ing top-tier research, the NSF also has through competitive, merit-based peer a long-standing and critical commit- review, which ensures that the best pos- ment to the support of science educa- sible projects are supported. This has tion in our country. The American resulted in an excellent record of accom- Physiological Society has benefited plishment in terms of funding research from this support which allows us to that has produced results with far- provide training opportunities and reaching potential. My own work on the career development activities to physiology of hibernation has been sup- enhance the participation of underrep- ported by the NSF. This research pro- resented minorities in science. The APS vides information on the capacity of the was recognized for its efforts in 2003 mammalian body to tolerate extreme with a Presidential Award for environmental conditions, such as low Excellence in Science, Mathematics temperatures and long periods with no and Engineering Mentoring (PAES- food intake. This not only informs us on MEM), funding for which was provided how animals respond to changing envi- by NSF and was reinvested in our edu- ronmental conditions, but can also cation programs. We believe that NSF assist in the development of new ways is uniquely suited to administer science to improve human performance under education programs of the highest extreme conditions. quality, and we recommend that “NSF advances our nation’s scientific Congress continue to provide federal mission by providing funds to support funds for science education through the individual research projects and also by NSF. APS President Hannah Carey in sponsoring research in emerging areas “The APS is aware that the House front of the US Capitol. of science. For example, through NSF’s Science and Technology committee is support the APS recently conducted a currently considering legislation to slashed from approximately $1 billion workshop to explore the development of reauthorize the NSF. We support the in FY 2005 to $274 million in FY 2007. an integrated program for comparative committee’s intention to increase the These cuts erode the capacity to conduct and ecological physiology. This type of authorized level of funding for the the experiments necessary to safely program would address critical issues in agency. The current version of the legis- achieve goals that involve long duration animal adaptation and their responses lation also contains a requirement that manned spaceflight. The cuts are espe- to environmental change. The genomic NSF make reports and citations result- cially troubling given the revolution of the past few decades has ing from NSF funded research available Administration’s commitment to given us the tools to understand organ- to the public. As a scholarly publisher of returning humans to space. Our fail- isms at the molecular level. However, 13 scientific journals, we recognize the ure to support research to understand increasingly there is a critical need for importance of making research results the effects of prolonged exposure to that information to be translated into available to the scientific community as microgravity, increased levels of radia- informed decisions that affect species well as the public. To that end, all of our tion, disruption of sleep patterns and preservation on our planet. Physiology journal content, regardless of funding restricted movement on human physiol- provides that crucial link that inte- source, is available without restriction ogy will be highly detrimental to our grates information at the genomic level on our website 12 months after publica- efforts to harness space. Problems such with outcomes at the environmental tion. By requesting that project reports as bone and muscle loss, adaptations of level. It is our hope that Congress will and citations be made available to the the cardiovascular system and disrup- continue to provide support for such public, instead of the final peer-reviewed tion of the circadian rhythms represent integrated studies. journal articles, the committee has significant risks to astronauts. APS sci- found a way to accomplish the goal of entists are actively engaged in research making research results available while that explores the physiological basis of respecting the copyright of journal pub- these problems, with the goal of devel- lishers and we appreciate its efforts. oping countermeasures. It’s important “The NSF is an agency that excels at to keep in mind that research advances its mission, and the APS has enjoyed a that increase our understanding of long partnership with the agency. This humans’ responses to the space envi- year, we join with the Federation of ronment often make their way to American Societies for Experimental improvements in the clinical setting Biology (FASEB) in calling for an here on earth. The APS joins FASEB in increase that would bring the NSF budg- calling for an increase of at least $39.5 et to a total of $6.5 billion in FY 2008. million for biological research at NASA APS President Hannah “I would now like to shift gears and in FY 2008.” Carey with Wisconsin spend a few minutes discussing life sci- For the full text of both testimony Congressman David Obey, ences research at NASA. It is disheart- statements, go to: http://www.the- Chair of the Appropriations ening to see NASA’s life sciences budget aps.org/pa/. ™ Committee.

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APS Submits Comments collaborations and research teams, and support of those collaborations should HHMI Seeks Early on the NIGMS Strategic be a particular priority for the NIGMS. Career Investigators Plan We believe that this is best accom- plished by continuing to devote The Howard Hughes Medical Earlier this year, the National Institute resources to high quality, innovative Institute (HHMI) has announced that of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) investigator-initiated research through it is accepting applications for up to 50 issued a request for information on the the R01 grant mechanism. new early career investigators. This development of a new strategic plan. “Currently, researchers are trained to marks the first time that HHMI has Excerpts from the comments submitted approach biological problems at a reduc- solicited general applications directly on behalf of the APS appear below. tionist level, but in order to confirm from investigators, rather than seek- “The American Physiological Society insights and apply findings from less ing nominations from eligible institu- (APS) appreciates the opportunity to complex systems (i.e., in vitro models) to tions. Support of up to 50 new investi- provide input into the strategic planning whole organisms, researchers need to gators will represent an investment of process at the National Institute of develop a set of skills that combines approximately $600 million, a much General Medical Sciences (NIGMS). The knowledge of molecular biology with in needed boost as researchers continue physiology community represents a vivo systems. The key to bridging this to feel the squeeze of flat funding at diverse group of researchers, many of knowledge gap lies in providing training NIH. whom have an interest in the activities programs and opportunities in integra- of the NIGMS. Below we address some tive biology. Education should focus on The Institute is looking to support of the questions posed on the NIGMS bringing together scientists with diverse scientists who conduct work that strategic planning website. skills and expertise to exchange knowl- pushes the boundaries of science, “With respect to new and emerging edge, i.e., scientists who focus on the including those pursuing biomedical areas, approaches and technologies in description of molecular events would research in related fields such as basic biomedical research, we would like benefit from working with researchers chemistry and computational biology. to stress the importance of integrative who define mechanisms in animal mod- Because HHMI supports investigators approaches to research. Research into els and vice versa. The next generation of rather than individual projects, spon- the fundamental molecular components researchers will need diverse skills to sored researchers have more freedom of life has provided the raw materials for carry out translational research, bridging to pursue different avenues than understanding the functions of cells, tis- basic and clinical science. In the past, the under a traditional grant model. sues, organ systems, whole organisms NIGMS has offered short courses in inte- and even populations. However, despite grative and systems pharmacology.These Applicants must have a PhD or MD, tremendous gains in biomedical programs have been highly successful hold a tenured or tenure-track posi- research there remains a need to apply and should be continued and expanded. tion at an eligible institution, and the findings of molecular biology to “Encouraging diversity in the biomed- have between four and 10 years of organisms in all of their physiological ical research workforce is a priority for experience at the faculty level. complexity. Doing so will lead to a better the APS, and we appreciate the support Candidates must also be a principal understanding of human health and dis- that has come from NIGMS and other investigator on an active, peer- ease, and facilitate the development of NIH institutes over the years. In addi- reviewed national grant such as an new treatments and prevention strate- tion to NIGMS’ existing programs, we R01. gies. Recent breakthroughs in proteomic suggest that applications for center and metabolomic techniques provide grants and program project grants The deadline for applications is examples of the type of basic research should include a demonstration that June 13, 2007 and awards will be findings that should be translated to the efforts are made to include underrepre- made in spring 2008. Information on whole organ and whole organism levels. sented minorities and women as active how to apply is available on the HHMI Carrying out this type of research members of research teams.” ™ website: http://www.hhmi.org. ™ requires formation of multidisciplinary

Physiology in Perspective Walter B. Cannon Memorial Lecture The Cannon Memorial Lecture, sponsored by the Grass with delivery of the lecture. The membership is invited to submit Foundation, honors Walter B. Cannon, President of the Society nominations for this lecture. A nomination shall be accompanied from 1913-1916, and is presented annually at the spring meeting by a candidate’s curriculum vitae and one letter detailing the to an outstanding physiological scientist, domestic or foreign, as individual’s status and contributions. selected by the President-Elect with the consent of Council. The More information on the award and nomination procedures recipient presents a lecture on “Physiology in Perspective,” are available at http://www.the-aps.org. Nominations should be addressing Cannon’s concepts of “The Wisdom of the Body.” The sent to: The APS Cannon Lecture Award, c/o Linda Jean lecture is considered for publication in the Society journal of their Dresser, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3991; or sub- choosing. The recipient receives an honorarium of $4,000, a mitted online at http://www.the-aps.org/cgi- plaque, and reimbursement of expenses incurred in association bin/Election/Lecture_form.htm.

110 The Physiologist Positions Available Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

with a PhD or MD/PhD degree, a strong University, Hershey Medical Center, Postdoctoral Positions publication record and excellent writing College of Medicine, 500 University and oral communication skills. Drive, Hershey PA 17033 or Email Postdoctoral Research Associate: Candidates with experience in cardiac [email protected]. For your We are currently seeking a highly moti- physiology or metabolism are especially health, Hershey Medical Center is a vated Postdoctoral Fellow in the encouraged to apply. Please send a cover smoke-free campus. [AA/EOE] Department of Physiology and letter detailing both your previous scien- Biophysics at the University of tific work experience and your interest Louisville. Our NIH funded project in this position, curriculum vitae and Postdoctoral Position: Evolutionary focuses on mechanisms of vascular contact information for three references Physiology, College of William and Mary. responses and changes of blood rheolog- to: Rong Tian, MD, PhD, Associate A postdoctoral position will be available ical properties, studying interactions of Professor of Medicine, 221 Longwood beginning August of 2007, renewable blood components with endothelium Ave. Room 247, Boston, MA 02115; through May 2009, to investigate the during cardiovascular diseases. Duties: Email: [email protected]. evolution of complex neuroendocrine the candidate will be expected to design pathways. Applicants should have a and execute experiments on various PhD prior to May 2007 and experience microcirculatory beds in rodents or Postdoctoral Position: Available in one or more of these areas: physiolog- microvessels and endothelial cells isolat- immediately to work on a joint NIH- ical ecology, neuroendocrinology, behav- ed from animals, collect, analyze, and funded project between the University ior, evolutionary biology, physiology, or present data, troubleshoot experiments, of Tennessee Health Science Center and cell and molecular biology. The research write academic papers and contribute to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital focus is on the contribution of genetic the goals of the lab. Techniques to be examining drug efflux transporters at variation and phenotypic plasticity to employed include animal models, intrav- the blood-brain barrier. Approaches the evolution of the photoneuroen- ital light, fluorescent and confocal include measurements of tracer and docrine pathway in mammals. This microscopy, genetic manipulations of drug transport in primary cultures of pathway integrates photoperiod and cultured endothelial cells, receptor-lig- brain microvascular endothelial cells. other environmental information to reg- and binding assays, and general bio- Preference will be given to candidates ulate reproductive, physiological and chemical assays (e.g., SDS-PAGE, with experience in primary cultures of behavioral responses to seasons. The Western blotting, ELISA, and immuno- brain microvascular endothelial cells, model system is a wild-derived laborato- cytochemistry). Requirements: PhD in immunohistochemistry, and drug trans- ry colony of white-footed mice Physiology or related field and one-year port studies. Knowledge in the areas of (Peromyscus leucopus). The successful experience in microvascular surgery on ABC transporters, bioengineering and candidate will conduct collaborative rodents. Experience in light and fluores- mathematical modeling of transport sys- research, help supervise students in the cent microscopy, mammalian cell cul- tems, and molecular approaches to research laboratory, and teach a one- ture, tissue histology, and biochemical blocking or enhancing transporter func- semester course in animal physiology and immunological assays is a plus. tion is desirable but not required. during the spring. More details on the Must work as an independent Please send curriculum vitae, statement research are available at: http://facul- researcher, but will also participate in of research interests, and a list of refer- ty.wm.edu/pdheid. The College of team work. Excellent written and verbal ences who may be contacted to Dr. William and Mary is a “Public Ivy” with communication skills are necessary. Christopher M. Waters, PhD, Dept. of 5,500 undergraduate enrollments, an Salary and position will be commensu- Physiology, The University of Tennessee excellent undergraduate program, and a rate with experience. To apply, please Health Science Center, 894 Union Ave., strong research tradition. Starting submit a statement of research inter- Nash 426, Memphis, TN 38163; Email: salary is $39,000 plus benefits. Please ests, CV and three letters of reference to: [email protected]. [EEO/AA/Title send curriculum vita, a brief description Dr. David Lominadze, Physiology and VI/Title IX/Section 504/ADA/ADEA] of research interests/experience, and the Biophysics, Email: dglomi01@louisville. names and contact information of three edu. For foreigner graduates an evalua- references to: Dr. Paul Heideman, Chair, tion of the degree is requested. Postdoctoral Scholar: The Pennsyl- Department of Biology, PO Box 8795, vania State University, College of College of William and Mary, Medicine, Penn State Heart and Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795; Email: Postdoctoral Position: A postdoctoral Vascular Institute is seeking to recruit a [email protected]. Review of applications position is available immediately at the postdoctoral scholar immediately to begins immediately and continues until Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, study neural control of the cardiovascu- the position is filled. [AA/EOE] Brigham and Women’s Hospital and lar and respiratory systems during exer- Harvard Medical School to study cardiac cise. Studies include investigations into metabolism and signaling transduction both the exercise pressor reflex and cen- Postdoctoral Fellow Position– in heart failure. The research project tral command mechanisms. Collabora- Kidney Disease: The Department of will utilize genetically engineered tion and interaction will be encouraged Physiology of the Medical College of mouse models, isolated perfused hearts with other investigators in the Institute. Wisconsin seeks to recruit a and cell culture systems to investigate Please send CV and names of two refer- Postdoctoral research fellow interested novel mechanisms underlying the devel- ences to Marc P. Kaufman, PhD, Penn in the cellular mechanisms by which opment and progression of heart failure. State Heart and Vascular Institute, Mail blood pressure regulates epithelial We seek highly motivated individuals Code H047, The Pennsylvania State transport in the kidney and the role of 111 The Physiologist Positions Available Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

TGF-β and the genetic basis of hyper- Department, UW-Stout, 204 Science med.wright.edu/ncbp/) invites applica- tension and diabetic nephropathy. Wing, 817 S. Broadway Ave, Menomonie, tions for a tenure track faculty position Available techniques include; microp- WI 54751. Screening will begin March at the assistant or associate professor uncture and tubular perfusion, laser 30 and will continue until the positions level from individuals having research Doppler flowmetry, LC/MS, in vivo and are filled. [EEO/AA] interests in cellular and molecular biolo- in vitro fluorescent imaging, patch gy to complement current research clamp, radiotelemetry, genomics, pro- expertise in the department, in cell sig- teomics and expression arrays. Faculty Position: Northwest Christian naling/inflammation, hematology/ Candidates with a PhD or equivalent College in Eugene, OR, is seeking to fill leukemia, cell death/differentiation/ degree and expertise in these areas are a faculty position in Exercise Science. stem cells, host/pathogen interactions encouraged to apply. The Department of Successful candidate will teach courses and epithelial transport. Candidates Physiology provides an outstanding that are part of NCC’s new major in with the following backgrounds are pre- training environment with active exercise science. Doctorate required, ferred: 1) molecular techniques for the research programs in the hypertension ABD considered. Northwest Christian study of cell biology, 2) characterization and diabetic nephropathy, glomerular College is a Christian, private, liberal- of signal transduction pathways, 3) reg- disease, vascular biology, proteomics, arts, comprehensive college closely affil- ulation of gene expression, 4) use of in and the genomics of hypertension and iated with the Christian Church vivo genetic models, and 5) use of imag- kidney disease. Interested candidates (Disciples of Christ) and the Christian ing techniques to study cell interactions. should submit their Curriculum Vitae to Churches/Churches of Christ. The Candidates are expected to teach molec- Richard J. Roman, Department of College was founded in 1895 and is ular and cellular-related topics in grad- Physiology, Medical College of accredited by the Northwest Commis- uate and medical school courses. Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, sion on Colleges and Universities. It Applicants for the assistant rank must Milwaukee, WI 53226; Tel.: 414-456- enrolls an undergraduate and graduate have a PhD degree and at least two 8723; Fax: 414 456-6546; Email: rro- student body of 500 students (150 resi- years postdoctoral training and a record [email protected]. [AA/EOE/EDE M/F/D/V]. dential). Northwest Christian College of publications demonstrating excel- was most recently ranked by U.S. News lence in research and potential for and World Report #16 overall among 40 obtaining extramural grant funding. comprehensive Colleges in the Western Applicants for the associate rank must Faculty Positions Region. Nestled in the vineyard stud- also have a sustained high quality ded Willamette Valley between the research program with a national repu- breathtaking scenery of the Cascade tation for excellence, and active funding. Assistant Professor: The Biology Mountains and the Oregon Coast Range, Review of applications will begin March Department at the University of Eugene is often referred to as “The 30, 2007 and continue until the position Wisconsin-Stout, a Malcolm-Baldridge Emerald City.” Eugene is ranked sixth is filled. Interested applicants should Award-winning institution, is seeking among US cities for bicycling; ninth submit a curriculum vitae, statements of highly qualified applicants for two (2) among the best places to live by research and teaching interests and the full-time, entry-level tenure track teach- A&E.com and ranked in the Top 5 names of at least three references to: Dr. ing positions at the rank of Assistant among college towns in the West by Julian G. Cambronero, Chair NCBP Professor to begin August 2007. The Sunset magazine. The beautiful Faculty Search Committee, Dept. of successful candidates will be organismal Willamette Valley ranks in the Top 10 Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology, biologists who complement existing among the “Choice Destinations” in the 235C Biological Sciences Bldg., Wright working groups in human biology, world as selected by Fodor’s Travel State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn biotechnology, or environmental studies Publications. The enjoyment of working Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435 or Email to: by applying the tools of genomics, pro- and living in this community is immeas- [email protected]. Underrepresented teomics, bioinformatics or bionanotech- urable. For a full position description of minorities are highly encouraged to nology. Selected candidates will inte- the faculty opening listed above, please apply. [AA/EOE]. grate research and service activities into visit http://www.nwcc.edu/hr/. To apply, the classroom to enrich the student send a cover letter describing qualifica- experience for majors and non-majors. tions, resume or vitae, statement of Assistant/Associate Professor of The use of laptops in the classroom and Faith, copies of official graduate level Physiology: The Department of web-based technology is also expected. transcripts, and contact information for Physiology at Midwestern University See http://www.uwstout.edu/cas/biology/ three references to the following (Downers Grove IL; http://www.mid- for more information. Completion of address: Director of Human Resources, western.edu) invites applications for a PhD in the biological sciences by August Northwest Christian College, 828 East 12-month full-time, tenure-track faculty 2007 is required. Applicants should pro- 11th Ave., Eugene, OR 97401. position at the rank of Assistant or vide letter of application describing Applications will be accepted until the Associate Professor. Applicants must teaching and research interests, CV, position is filled. have a PhD, at least two years of post- copies of all undergraduate and gradu- doctoral training, excellent oral commu- ate transcripts, and contact information nication skills and a commitment to the for three professional references in elec- Assistant/Associate Professor: The education of future health-care profes- tronic or hard copy format to Department of Neuroscience, Cell sionals. The successful candidate will be [email protected] or Dr. Steve Nold, Biology & Physiology at Wright State expected to teach in physiology courses Selection Committee Chair, Biology University Dayton, OH, (http://www. for osteopathic medical, pharmacy and

112 The Physiologist Positions Available Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007 health sciences students, and to develop Assistant, Associate, and/or Profes- anatomy, human physiology, and micro- and maintain an externally funded sor: The Department of Physiology, biology. Department of Kinesiology: See research program. Current areas of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the http://www.hhs.utoledo.edu/kinesiolo- research in the Department include car- Ponce School of Medicine (PSM) invites gy/welcome.html. Application Proce- diac electrophysiology and central and applications for three full-time faculty dures: interested applicants should sub- peripheral neural control of the cardio- positions at the level of Assistant mit a formal letter of application, a cur- vascular, respiratory and gastrointesti- Professor, Associate Professor, and/or riculum vitae, graduate transcripts, nal systems in diabetes or during exer- Professor. PSM is a private, bilingual three letters of recommendation, and a cise. Review of applicants will begin in center of higher education located in the statement of teaching interests to: Alice early April 2007 and will continue until southern coastal city of Ponce in Puerto McAfee, PhD, Chair of Search Commit- the position has been filled. Interested Rico. PSM has a dynamic research pro- tee for Human Anatomy and Physiology, persons should submit electronically gram that is currently undergoing a Department of Kinesiology, M.S. 119, (pdf file to [email protected]) a period of aggressive growth. The College of Health Science and Human curriculum vita that includes teaching Institution currently receives ~$5 mil- Service, University of Toledo, Toledo, experience, a brief summary of research lion per year in NIH research funds. We OH 43606; Email: alice.mcafee@utole- interests and future research plans, and have a PhD program in Biomedical do.edu. Application Deadline and the contact information for three refer- Sciences, and state-of-the-art Biomed- Appointment Date: review of applica- ences to: Kathleen O’Hagan, PhD, ical Animal Resource Facilities, as well tions will begin immediately, and will Department of Physiology, Chicago as Imaging, Molecular, and Toxicology continue until the position is filled. The College of Osteopathic Medicine, Core Facilities. We are seeking individu- start date for this position is August 13, Midwestern University , 555 31st als with a PhD or MD, and postdoctoral 2007. [AA/EOE] Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515; Email: research experience. The successful can- [email protected]. didate will be expected to develop an independent research program, which Associate/Full Professor: The complements our existing strengths in Department of Physiology and Assistant Professor: The Department Neuroscience, Cancer, and Cardiovas- Membrane Biology, at the University of of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck cular Research. An established track California, Davis School of Medicine, is School of Medicine is seeking an individ- record in obtaining NIH grant funding is recruiting a mid-career faculty member ual to fill an open position of Assistant highly preferred. All applicants should for a state funded, tenure-track position Professor of Research Physiology and have a sound publication record. Review at the Associate/Full Professor level as Biophysics. This position is in the non- of candidates will begin immediately part of the Membrane Biology Initiative. tenure track and is entirely supported by and will continue until positions are The Department of Physiology and research grants and contracts. filled. Send curriculum vitae, a state- Membrane Biology has recently hired Candidates interested in this position ment of research goals, and names and six junior faculty, one of whom was a should have an MD, PhD or MD/PhD in addresses of three references to: Dr. joint hire with the newly formed the areas of biophysics or cardiovascular León Ferder, Chairman, Dept. of Shriner’s Hospital Institute for Pediatric medicine/physiology. Postdoctoral train- Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicolo- Regenerative Medicine. Candidates ing and peer review publications are also gy, Ponce School of Medicine, PO Box must possess a PhD and/or MD degree necessary. The research activities associ- 7004, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00732; Email: and have demonstrated academic lead- ated with this position center on blood [email protected]. [AA/EOE]. ership as evidenced from superior inves- and cell rheology in both normal and tigative accomplishment, sustained pathologic states. Required experimental extramural funding, educational excel- skills include measurements of blood vis- Lecturer: Human Anatomy and lence, and effective mentoring and serv- cosity over a wide range of shear rates, Physiology, Department of Kinesiology, ice. The individual selected for the posi- optical and microscopic assessment of red the University of Toledo. Position: The tion is expected to maintain a high qual- cell aggregation, red cell deformability Department of Kinesiology of the ity research program and to participate determined via laser diffraction in known College of Health Science and Human in the teaching of medical and graduate shear fields and by micropore filtration, Service is seeking candidates for a full- students. The most important criteria in whole cell electrophoresis, and blood time appointment at the rank of the consideration of applicants are: 1) a hematology parameters using manual Lecturer. This appointment will involve record of research excellence, creativity and automated methods. An ability to teaching undergraduate lecture and lab and innovation; 2) a demonstrated abili- prepare red blood cell and white blood courses in such areas as human anato- ty to communicate effectively as an edu- cell suspensions in various media is my, human physiology, and microbiolo- cator; and 3) a history of fostering col- essential as is knowledge of disorders gy, and collaboration and implementa- laborative research. The research inter- affecting blood rheology. Individual inter- tion of laboratory activities. ests of current departmental faculty are ested in the position should send a copy of Rank/Salary: the appointment will be at focused in the areas of cardiovascular their CV plus the names of three persons the Lecturer level. Salary is commensu- physiology and neuroscience, with an familiar with their work to: Ms. Elena rate with qualifications and experience. emphasis on membrane phenomena. It Camarena, Department of Physiology Qualifi-cations: the position requires a is expected that the successful candidate and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, minimum of a Masters degree in an will complement and extend the existing 1333 San Pablo Street, MMR 626, Los area related to anatomy and physiology, strengths of the Department and inte- Angeles, CA 90033; Fax: 323-442-2283; with experience in teaching in one or grate with one or more of the School’s Email: [email protected]. more of the following areas of human strategic focus areas (Cardiovascular,

113 The Physiologist Positions Available Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Neuroscience, Infectious Disease, and vascular-renal, cellular/molecular, email: [email protected]; Website: Cancer). Individuals that posses the membrane/transport physiology, sys- http://www.phys.mcw.edu/index.htm. potential to interface with and promote tems physiology and functional translational studies in partnership genomics. The successful applicant will with clinical scientists are encouraged to be expected to develop an independent Assistant/Associate Professor: Saint apply. The department web address is: extramurally funded research program. Louis University, Center of Excellence http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/physiolo- Send curriculum vitae, a brief state- in Neuroscience, Department of gy/ and http://www.physiology.ucdavis. ment of research interest, copies of rep- Pharmacological and Physiological edu/. Letters of interest, curriculum resentative publications, and the names Science. Saint Louis University is a vitae, up to three representative of three references to: Dr. L. Gabriel Catholic Jesuit Institution dedicated to reprints, synopsis of research plans Navar, Chairman, Tulane University student learning, research, health care (past, present and future goals), summa- Health Sciences Center, School of and service. The newly formed Center of ry of teaching experience/philosophy, Medicine, Department of Physiology Excellent in Neuroscience at Saint and the names/addresses of five refer- SL-39, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Louis University has begun an ambi- ences should be forwarded to: Martha E. Orleans, LA 70112. We will accept appli- tious effort to significantly increase the O’Donnell, PhD, Chair, Search Commit- cations until a qualified applicant is number of interdisciplinary neuro- tee, c/o Department of Physiology and found. [AA/EOE] science investigators at the University. Membrane Biology, 4136, Tupper Hall, At present, the center is seeking to fill East Health Sciences Drive, University two tenure track positions at the rank of California, Davis, CA 95616. The Assistant/Associate Professor: The of Assistant and/or Associate Professor. position will be “Open Until Filled”; for Department of Physiology at the We are particularly interested in appli- full consideration, applications should Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) cants utilizing interdisciplinary be received by November 30, 2007. invites applications for two tenure-track approaches to address fundamental [AA/EOE]. faculty positions at the Assistant or problems in molecular, cellular, develop- Associate level with research interests ment or systems neuroscience. It is in the physiological function of the car- expected that the successful candidates Assistant or Associate Professor: diovascular system, the kidney, or pul- will have or develop a strong extramu- The Medical Genetics Research Center monary system. Favored candidates will rally-funded research program and par- at SUNY Upstate Medical University be those that: a) complement the depart- ticipate in the teaching of medical and seeks to fill a tenure track Assistant or ment’s strengths in connecting genes to graduate students. The primary faculty Associate Professor position for an indi- complex functional pathways; b) are appointment for both positions will be vidual to promote research involving the highly focused on endothelial or epithe- in the Department of Pharmacological discovery or characterization of lial ion channels and cell signaling; c) and Physiological Science, situated causative genes and pathophysiological are capable of extending their research within the School of Medicine. We offer mechanisms in transgenic in rodent to more integrated level; d) are interest- a supportive, collegial environment and models of disease. The position requires ed in developing translational collabora- generous start up funds and laboratory expertise in QTL mapping. The selected tive projects with clinical scientists. The space. Interested candidates must sub- individual will be expected to develop an overall goal of the department is to sus- mit a cover letter, application, curricu- independent research program and also tain a breadth of scientific expertise and lum vitae, and research interests and to provide assistance to other faculty. research spanning from genome and cell objectives to http://jobs.slu.edu. Three The position requires a PhD in a rele- to the whole organism. Superb opportu- letters of recommendation should be vant discipline (e.g., Biology, nities exist for collaborative research mailed to: Search Committee, Center of Biochemistry, Physiology, Genetics, and our faculty are closely affiliated Excellence in Neuroscience, Depart- Psychology, Zoology). Candidates should with the MCW Human and Molecular ment of Pharmacological and send their CV and a letter describing Genetic Center (housing the NHLBI Physiological Science, Saint Louis research interests to Stephen V. Program of Genomic Applications), the University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Faraone, PhD, Director, Medical Cardiovascular Center (housing the Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104. Genetics Research, SUNY Upstate NINDS-PPG in stroke), the Biotechnol- For more information, please visit our Medical University, 750 East Adams St., ogy and Bioengineering Center (housing website: http://medschool.slu.edu/ Syracuse, NY 13210; Email the same to the NHLBI Center of Proteomics), and pharmphys/; Email: [email protected]. [email protected]. the Center of Kidney Research. [AA/EOE] Candidates will be expected to partici- pate in both the graduate and medical Assistant Professor in Physiology – curriculums. The candidate must hold a Tulane: Applications are invited for PhD and/or MD degree, demonstrate Research Positions one research track and one tenure track clear evidence of research independence appointment at the rank of assistant such as current or imminent grant sup- Senior Research Scientist– professor. Candidates should hold the port. The positions will remain open Cardiovascular Physiology: CVRx, a PhD or MD degree, have a record of until filled and applicants should send world leader in device therapy for hyper- excellence in research, and committed their curriculum vitae, statement of tension, invites applications for the posi- to academic programs in medical and interest and three letters of recommen- tion of Senior Research Scientist. We graduate education. Research areas dation to: Allen W. Cowley, Jr., PhD, marked for expansion include cardio- Chairman, Department of Physiology; seek a high-potential, self-starting indi-

114 The Physiologist Positions Available Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007 vidual with a PhD (or equivalent experi- ARS-X7W-0166 to: USDA, Agricultural possess a DVM degree. Accepted appli- ence of seven+ years) in Physiology or a Research Service, Human Resources cants will receive an attractive stipend related field. The candidate must have a Division, Attn: Keli A. Martin, 5601 (NIH postdoctoral level) and perform background in integrative cardiovascu- Sunnyside Avenue, Stop 5106, their research under the supervision of lar physiology and autonomic regula- Beltsville, MD 20705-5106; Fax: 301- one of 24 trainers with expertise in tion. Other requirements for the candi- 504-1535; Email: scirecruit@ars. infectious diseases and cellular and date include: history of exceeding work usda.gov . Applications must be marked molecular physiology. Applicants will expectations in quality and timeliness; ARS-X7W-0166 and postmarked by jointly apply online for admission into record of high productivity and collabo- June 25, 2007. US Citizenship is the Comparative Biomedical Sciences ration in a team environment; acumen required and must be verified before PhD program and the Training Grant in planning and executing complex, entrance on duty. [AA/EOE]. using http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/pbs interdisciplinary tasks; proven ability to /gradprogram/index.html. Qualified design and conduct in vivo experiments; applicants should contact Dr. clinical experience; strength in analyz- NIH Training Grant Czuprynski (Training Grant Director; ing integrative physiologic data and dis- [email protected]; 608 tilling salient results; excellent verbal 262 8102) or Dr. Debbie McKenzie (PhD and written communication skills; Training Grant for DVMs in Program Administrator; mckenzie@ record of impactful scientific communi- Comparative Biomedical Sciences: svm.vetmed.wisc.edu; 608 262 0470) cation in journal publications and con- Candidates sought for an NIH-funded with questions regarding the program. ference presentations; talent for culti- training grant at the University of The University of Wisconsin-Madison is vating relationships with healthcare Wisconsin-Madison. Applicants must be an Equal opportunity/affirmative action professionals. Candidates with experi- US citizens or permanent residents and employer. ™ ence in the medical device industry and familiarity with electrical stimulation of nerves or muscle are preferred. Interested parties should submit cur- riculum vitae to [email protected].

Research Physiologists/Research Nutritionist: GS-0413/0630-12/13/14, Cleveland Clinic Salary Range of $63,417 to $115,848 per Endowed Chair for Laboratory Research annum. The USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand The Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Forks, ND, seeks a permanent, full-time Comprehensive Pain Management is seeking a qualified indi- research scientist to join a developing vidual to serve as Director of the Center for Anesthesiology team to work to solve the problem of Research. A doctoral degree (M.D., Ph.D. or equivalent), quali- obesity and related illnesses. This scien- fications for appointment as Full Professor and a proven track tist will develop a research program record of peer-reviewed funding are required. Current strengths involving physical activity and dietary in the Center include cellular and molecular mechanisms of interventions to promote physiological cardiac, vascular, endothelial and sensory neuron (pain) func- function and health in the context of tion, although expertise in other research areas would be maintaining a healthy body weight. acceptable. Start-up package and compensation are highly Incumbent will conduct independent competitive. The Center occupies new, state-of-the-art research and multidisciplinary, team-based space. Many collaborative opportunities are available through research to evaluate the efficacy and the Lerner Research Institute. Qualified applicants should send effectiveness of physical activity, dietary a CV and research plan to: and behavioral interventions to prevent obesity and maintain healthy body Michael Roizen, M.D. weight and will have the opportunity to Chairman, Division of Anesthesiology, develop/enhance skills in conducting Critical Care Medicine and human studies for the US population. Comprehensive Pain Management, E30 To have a printed copy of the vacancy announcement mailed to you, call Isela Cleveland Clinic Losek at 701-795-8370 or access infor- 9500 Euclid Avenue mation online at http://www.afm. Cleveland, OH 44195 ars.usda.gov/divisions/hrd/index.html. [email protected] Send applications for announcement

115 The Physiologist Book Reviews Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Cardiovascular Disease, of its inherent qualitative nature. the cardiovascular system using integra- The second half of the 19th century tive approaches. Methods and Protocols: was the era of Ludwig’s integration, One of the major obstacles in advanc- V.2. Molecular Medicine. which was followed by the reductionist ing our understanding of the mecha- Qing K. Wang, (Editor), Totowa, N.J.: views of Starling. The pendulum again nisms of cardiovascular disease is a lack Humana Press, 2006, 376 pp., illus., swung towards the integrative approach of comprehensive technologies to index, $125.00. ISBM: 1-58829-892-2. at the turn of the 20th century with the address the structure-function relation- work of Wiggers, who dominated ship at the tissue, organ and physiologi- The menace of cardiovascular disease American physiology for nearly half a cal system levels. In order to compre- has challenged and inspired many of the century. The discovery of ion channels hend the complexity of the remodeling brightest physiologists of several cen- has led to the dominance of the reduc- processes leading to diseases of the turies. Such giants of physiology as Carl tionist paradigm for the past half centu- heart, one needs to investigate the Ludwig, Thomas Lewis, Carl Wiggers, ry and led to the channelopathy hypoth- mechanisms of excitation, contraction, and Silvio Weidmann dedicated their esis of cardiac arrhythmias, which is autonomic control, and their molecular entire careers to this field. Yet, at the arguably the most distinguished show- basis in the same heart. Wang presents turn of the 21st century, despite all the case of the reductionist approach linking masterfully written chapters with an titanic efforts of so many, we realize that a physiological mechanism to disease impressive array of novel approaches to cardiovascular disease will remain the from gene to bedside. Wang presents integration in cardiovascular physiology major cause of human mortality well numerous excellent chapters with state- rooted in the most advanced technolo- into the future. Perhaps it is time to of-the art accounts of powerful technolo- gies learned by reductionists of previous step back and ask ourselves a tough gies applied to cardiovascular disease, generations: transgenic animal models, question: where do we stand and where including microarray, genomics and pro- various animal models of hypertension, should we go from here? The book by teomics approaches, studies of ion chan- heart failure, atherosclerosis and Qing K. Wang presents an excellent nel biophysics in heterologous expres- arrhythmia, biophotonics techniques to opportunity to reflect on this theme. sion systems, and protein study genetics and electrophysiology, in The history of cardiovascular physiolo- structure/function studies with X-ray vivo and in vitro gene transfer method- gy swings like a pendulum between crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. ology, and stem cell techniques. reductionist and integrative approaches. Experts on their respective fields, Max Planck is quoted as saying that In the first case, investigators attempt to authors of the chapters did a superb job “science advances funeral by funeral.” dissect complex phenomena and rigor- in presenting the strengths and limita- Every shift from reductionism to integra- ously quantify simplified models of a tions of the techniques. tion or back has been a painful process of physiological system. This approach However, this triumph of reductionism renewal in physiology filled with drama. yields breakthroughs in technology has also signaled the end of the pendu- Recently, Eugene Braunwald, who pub- development and an understanding of lum cycle. While, in some cases single lished his reflections on the Founding the system’s individual components. molecular abnormalities have been Editor of Circulation Research Carl J. However, eventually a reductionist linked to arrhythmias in a particular Wiggers, described a century old compet- model fails to grasp the systemic com- population of patients, these cases offered itive rivalry between the reductionism of plexity of the studied phenomenon and no treatment. And limited progress has Ernest H. Starling and integration of becomes overwhelmed by the sheer num- been made to address such gigantic prob- Carl J. Wiggers. Cardiovascular Disease: ber of complex quantitative relationships lems as atrial fibrillation and heart fail- Methods and Protocols by Qing K. Wang involved in the system. Subsequently, ure. Despite the efforts of several genera- presents an opportunity for a peaceful the pendulum swings to the integrative tions, no effective antiarrhythmia drugs transition to a systemic integrative approach, which reestablishes the sys- have resulted. Many physiologists sense approach that will build upon the break- temic view. It synthesizes the wealth of that a new synthesis is needed to inte- throughs of previous decades of reduc- knowledge accumulated by reductionists grate the wealth of knowledge accumu- tionism. ™ of the preceding period and identifies lated by the reductionists. It appears that new feedbacks and regulatory networks. the period of paradigm shift is approxi- Igor R. Efimov However it too eventually fails because mately 50 years, and the time has come Washington Univ. in St. Louis, MO to reestablish the synthetic complexity of

Book Received

Handbook of Psychophysiology. John T. Cacioppo, Louis G. Tassinary, and Garry G. Berntson, (Editors). New York, NY: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007, 898 pp., illus., index, $175.00. ISBN: 978-0-521-84471-0.

116 The Physiologist Book Reviews Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Physiology Case Studies in understand the physiology involved. provide a book that meets those objec- Pharmacy Acquiring an understanding of E-C cou- tives. The fundamental problem is that pling requires reading more than 130 the cases are very impoverished, usually Laurie Kelly McCorry, PhD words! providing little more than a description Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association, 2006. Who would benefit from using this of patient symptoms. The questions 208 pp., index, $35.00 book? The title identifies pharmacy stu- accompanying each case are too often ISBN: 1-58212-089-7. dents as the intended audience. In the limited to requests for names or defini- Preface the author offers some clues tions. Thus, the cases and their ques- Physiology Case Studies in Pharmacy about what this book is about: it “. . . pro- tions do a poor job of providing opportu- is a collection of 82 cases distributed in vides an opportunity for integrative nities for integration and real applica- nine “systems.” Each case is accompa- thinking,” offers an “. . . early introduc- tion of knowledge of physiological mech- nied by a varying number of open-ended tion to the case-based nature of their anisms. questions. An Appendix contains brief future careers,” and the cases provide “. What this book does provide is a pos- descriptions of a large number of diag- . . a review of basic physiologic princi- sible resource for self-assessment. nostic tests (and normal values where ples.” The author clearly sees this book Students should be able to use their appropriate). There is also a Glossary as a supplement to the assigned text- ability to answer the questions as a with brief definitions of physiological book. guide to what they know, and more and clinical terms. Answers to the ques- How well does the book meet these importantly, what they don’t yet know. tions are not found in the book. An objectives? I admit that I have only a Email address is provided, not very limited knowledge of the needs of phar- Joel Michael prominently, for requesting answers macy students. Nevertheless, I would Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL from the publisher (which arrives as a have to say that the author has failed to large pdf file). The case descriptions are very brief, most consisting of no more than a dozen lines of text with a few being as long as 20 lines of text. Most problems contain relatively little data. The questions that follow each case description are almost all open-ended (not multiple-choice), and World Precision they range in difficulty from requests for definitions of terms to explanations of the results of diagnostic tests. It Instruments appears that the preponderance of ques- tions is at a very low level of difficulty, with only a few questions requiring the application of significant problem solv- ing skills. Many of the questions, while germane to the general topic area of the case, seem to have been included only as probes of the students’ knowledge of basic physiology. The answers that are provided to the questions also tend to be very brief, ranging from one to two sentence defini- Laboratory Equipment tions of a term or the identification of a structure (Question 10, page 19–identifi- for the Life Sciences cation of Wernicke’s area as the locus of language comprehension) to 15-20 lines of text describing a complex mechanism Data Acquisition Amplifiers Tissue Baths (all of E-C coupling in skeletal muscle in TEER Measurement Biosensing Glass 133 words–Question 12, page 57). There is a hand full of answers containing Micromanipulators Stimulators something in addition to text: a graph, a Dissecting Instruments chemical equation, or a calculation. While the answers seem to be factually www.wpiinc.com correct, it is not clear how much help they would be to students who do not Toll-free: 866-606-1974

117 The Physiologist People & Places Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Florant Receives Award Four APS Members Stephen L. Archer is presently Section Elected to National Chief of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL. Academy of Sciences Formerly, Archer was an Assistant Professor, University of Alberta, Four members of APS were elected to Edmonton, Canada. the prestigious National Academy of Sciences on May 1 in recognition of their William M. Chilian, Professor and “distinguished and continuing achieve- Chair, recently affiliated with the ments in original research.” They were among the 72 new members and 18 for- Northeastern Ohio University College of eign associates selected during the acad- Medicine, Department of Physiology/ emy’s 144th annual meeting. Pharmacology, Rootstown, OH. Prior to The four APS members selected to the his new position, Chilian was Professor National Academy are: and Head, Department of Physiology, John G Hildebrand, professor of Louisiana State University Health neurobiology, biochemistry and molecu- Sciences Center, New Orleans. lar biophysics, entomology and molecu- lar and cellular biology at the University Jonathan M. Davis is currently of Arizona, Tucson. He is also the direc- Professor of Pediatrics, Chief Newborn tor of the Arizona Research Laboratories Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurobiology at the universi- Tufts New England Medical Center, ty. He studies the insect nervous system Boston, MA. Prior to his new position, Gregory Florant to discover fundamental principles com- Davis was an Assistant Professor of mon to many or all nervous systems. Pediatrics, Chief Newborn Medicine, Eve E. Marder, professor of neuro- APS Member Gregory Florant received Winthrop University Hospital, SUNY, science, department of biology, and the the Multi-Ethnic Distinquished Service Mineola, NY. Award at the Colorado State University Volen Center for Complex Systems at (CSU). It was presented to him on April Brandeis University in Waltham, MA. Allan Doctor, an Associate Professor of 26, 2007. Following is his introduction She is the editor of the Journal of Pediatrics and Director, Division of upon receiving the award. Neurophysiology and is president-elect Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, has “Since his arrival at Colorado State of the Society for Neuroscience. Her University in 1995, Gregory Florant has research focuses on how interactions joined the Washington University been a member of the Minority Caucus, a between neurons give rise to the func- School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Prior mentor for Black Student Services, the tion of neuronal circuits. to his new appointment, Doctor was an Principal Investigator on a National Gerald I. Shulman, investigator, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Institutes of Health training grant for Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Pediatric Critical Care, under-represented groups in science, and professor of medicine and cellular molec- University of Virginia, Charlottesville. chair of the Native American Women in ular physiology, Yale University School Science Scholarship Committee. of Medicine, New Haven, CT. His Matthew D. Douglass has affiliated research focuses on insulin resistance Nationally, Dr. Florant's contributions to with the Department of Exercise with an aim to develop therapeutic tar- minorities in science include: member- Physiology, Human Performance Lab, gets to reverse insulin resistance in ship on several committees for the Ball State University, Muncie, IN. American Physiological Society, member- patients with type 2 diabetes. Masao Ito, director, RIKEN Brain Douglass was formerly associated with ship on the NIH Minority Biomedical the Department of Kinesiology, Research Support program, service to Science Institute, Saitama, Japan. His Anderson University, Anderson, IN. the Ford Foundation Fellowship pro- research centers on the molecular and gram, and membership on the NIH cellular basis for learning and memory. Network of Minority Research He has served as the president of the Jonathan P. Dugas is currently a Investigators Committee. In addition to Physiological Society of Japan and is an Postdoctoral Student, Department of these important contributions, Dr. honorary member of the APS. Movement Sciences University of Florant has been an inspirational role The National Academy of Sciences has Illinois, Chicago, IL. Dugas had been a model for scores of students through his 2,025 active members and 387 foreign Student at the Research Unit for teaching and research program.” associates, and more than 200 of them Exercise Science & Sports, University have won the Nobel Prize. The academy Cape Town, Newlands Cape Town, is a private organization formed in 1863 South Africa. to provide expert advice to the federal government on scientific and technologi- Kirsten Farrand is currently an cal issues. The academy was formed Assistant Lecturer, University of with the approval of Congress and President Abraham Lincoln. Queensland, School of Biomedical Science, St. Lucia Queensland, Australia. Farrand was formerly affili-

118 The Physiologist People & Places Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007 ated with the University of Adelaide, Todd Jason McWhorter, a Postdoc- Rhonda D. Prisby, is presently a Department of Physiology, Adelaide, toral Research Fellow, has associated Postdoctoral Fellow, University Saint South Australia. with Murdoch University, Department Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint of Veterinary Biology & Biomedical Etienne, France. Prisby was formerly Allan T. Gulledge, an Assistant Sciences, Murdoch, Western Australia. affiliated with the Department of Professor, has joined the Department of McWhorter was formerly a Postdoctoral Exercise Physiology, Robert C. Byrd Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Research Fellow, Department of Wildlife Health Sciences Center, West Virginia Lebanon, NH. Prior to his new assign- Ecology, University of Wisconsin, University, Morgantown. ment, Gulledge was affiliated with the Madison, WI. National Institute for Physiological Luis Reuss, as Professor and Chair, Sciences, Department of Cerebral Carlos E. Milla, an Associate Professor, joined the Department of Physiology, Circuitry, Okazaki-shi, Aichi, Japan. has affiliated with the Center for Texas Tech University Health Sciences Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Center, Lubbock, TX. Previously, Reuss Kenneth A. Hoekstra, an Assistant Stanford University Medical School, was Professor, Department of Professor, has moved to the Division of Palo Alto, CA. Milla, as Assistant Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University Basic Sciences, Western States Professor, had been with the of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston. Chiropractic College, Portland, OR. Department of Pediatrics, University of Hoekstra was formerly an Instructor, Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis. Masaru Shoji, a Professor, has recently School of Rehabilitation Sciences and affiliated with the Department of the MD Undergraduate Program, Patrick J. Mueller has joined the Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceu- Faculty of Medicine, University of Department of Physiology as an tical University, Tokyo, Japan. Former- British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Assistant Professor, at Wayne State ly, Shoji was an Associate Professor, University, Detroit, MI. Prior to his new Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokihisa Kimura recently accepted the position, Mueller had been a Research Hirosaki University School of Medicine, position of Hospital Administration Assistant Professor, Department of Hirosaki, Japan. Manager, Miyagi Prefectural Biomedical Science, University of Government, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. Missouri-Columbia, Dalton Cardiovas- Craig S. Stump, an Associate Kimura was formerly an Associate cular Research Center, Columbia. Professor, has joined the Department of Professor, Furukawa City Hospital, Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Furukawa City, Miyagi Prefecture, P. Darrell Neufer, an Associate Profes- Tucson. Prior to his new assignment, Japan. sor, has joined the Department of Stump was an Assistant Professor, Physiology & Exercise Sport Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Ryuta Kinugasa, is a Postdoctoral East Carolina University Brody School University of Missouri, Columbia. Researcher, University of California, San of Medicine, Greenville, NC. Formerly, Diego, at the MR3T Research Laboratory, Neufer was an Assistant Fellow and Varsha Thakur is a Research Department of Radiology, San Diego, CA. Assistant Professor, John B. Pierce Associate, Department of Nutrition, Kinugasa was formerly an Assistant Laboratory,Yale University, New Haven, Case Western Reserve University, Professor, Research Center of Sports CT. Cleveland, OH. Thakur was formerly a Sciences, Department of Radiology, Research Associate with the Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan. Robert Paine, an Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology/Immunolo- has joined the Division of Pulmonary gy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL. Harm J. Knot, an Associate Professor, and Critical Care Medicine, University has affiliated with Wake Forest of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. Prior to his Yoshio Watanabe, a Consultant University, Department of Regenerative new position, Paine was an Associate Cardiologist, has affiliated with the Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Knot was Professor, Division of Pulmonary and Department of Cardiology, Nagoya formerly associated with the Department Critical Care Medicine, University of Tokusmukai General Hospital, Kasugai, of Pharmacology/Therapeutics, Univer- Michigan, Ann Arbor. Japan. Prior to his new position, sity of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Watanabe was a Consultant Cardiolo-gist Barry M. Prior, an Assistant Professor, with Shonan Kamakura General Hospital Susumu Koyama is currently an has affiliated with Mercer University Heart Center, Kamakura, Japan. Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutical School of Medicine, Division of Basic Sciences, Fukuoka University, Johnan- Medical Sciences, Macon, GA. Previously, Akinori Yanaka has affiliated with the ku, Fukuoka, Japan. Prior to his new Prior was a Postdoctoral Fellow, Tokyo University of Science as position, Koyama was a Visiting Department of Biomedical Sciences, Professor, Department of Clinical Research Assistant, Department of University of Missouri, Columbia. Pharmacology, Chiba-ken, Japan. Physiology & Biophysics, University of Yanaka was formerly an Instructor, Illinois, Chicago. Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. ™

119 The Physiologist Wine Wizard Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

The Wine Wizard Peter Wagner Hi to all fellow winelovers. This time unusual pair of blending additions. of year sees lots of new releases. Quite a Flavors include pruney plummy fruit, few seem to be good value, including the spice, vanilla, slight raisins. However, following: California Sauvignon Blancs there is good acidity and the (I still prefer those from New Zealand) finish is quite dry. As with any wine I 1. 2006 Bonterra Vineyards ($10). suggest, there is good balance, depth, This wine is 50% Lake County/50% and length. Mendocino County in origin, and beat Australian reds 2005 Schild Estate out 9 other SB’s (including more Barossa Shiraz ($17). This is a classical expensive Rochioli, V. Sattui, and Gary high-impact wine with all the pleasing Farrell) in a recent tasting of attributes we have come to expect from ours. Nose has tropical fruit: passion- the region and the grape. There is very fruit and lime. It takes a few ripe, lush, but NOT over-the-top fruit minutes to open in the glass, but then that is dark cherry and blackberry in there is rich, clean fruit (also nature with a strong but NOT pasisonfruit/lime with some herbal dominating dose of American oak mani- grassiness). Acidity is good, not over the fest by dill and vanilla. Acidity is top. No oak. excellent, balancing the sweetness of the 2. 2006 Geyser Peak, oak and ripeness of the fruit. California ($10). I have men- Mouthfeel is pleasing with good but not tioned this bottle many times heavy viscosity, and the tannins before, and tasted are soft, making this very approachable again recently, it now. Alcohol is moderate (14.5%), continues to Peter Wagner helping tone the wine down a bit. Nice impress. Clean, stuff. varietal grassy needs food. This recommendation is 2003 Elderton “Command” Shiraz herbal fruit NOT the result of a comprehensive tast- ($60). I am assured this is better than with high acid, ing survey of NZ SB’s, its is just the 2002, which I bought last year—with it remains very one I came across and liked. my own money yet—and love. I have good value. I do prefer California reds 2004 Donati not tasted the 2003, but am certain of its the Bonterra above. “Paicenes” Syrah ($16). This is a very big worth. Great now, very ageable 3. 2006 Kenwood, Sonoma ($12). This but not too tannic wine. Very deep in in a well-controlled cellar, this wine has is the kind of SB that has more soft color, it is very rich and mouthfilling. never, ever disappointed me. It’s a high- ripe melon fruit than herbal grassy tart Plums, dark berries and a slight citric er priced, special occasion wine, but bet- fruit, so if that is your preference, this end due to excellent acidity mark this ter than many three times the price. I should appeal. There is a floral touch, wine. Hints of spices, chocolate and present it now because by the time I get and evident richness on the palate. vanilla oak are in the background. to taste it, it will all be gone. Limited New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc This wine has appeal now, should keep a quantities and a loyal following will 2006 Omaka Springs, Marlborough couple of years, and has complexity. make sure of that. Similar words as for ($11). Typical fresh gooseberry and 2004 Minassian Young Zinfandel, Schild estate above usually describe passionfruit nose and palate, rich, clean Paso Robles ($9). This wine has lots of this wine, but there is much more depth and with very good length on alcohol (16.2%). It also has 19% and complexity of structure and the palate. Lots of lemony acid too, so Mourvedre and 4% Pinot Noir, a most flavor. ™

Moving? If you have moved or changed your phone, fax or membership information can also be changed by visit- Email address, please notify the APS Membership ing the Members Only portion of the APS Website at Office at 301-634-7171 or Fax to 301-634-7241. Your http://www.the-aps.org. ™

120 The Physiologist Senior Physiologists’ News Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Letter to Harvey Sparks exercise pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension, heart failure and lung dis- Jay Tepperman writes: “This is our eases, in addition to physiological fourth annual report from scenic down- responses in normal subjects and town Oakland. We feel 4 ½ years older changes with aging. In addition, I am PI than we did when we moved here but we on two contracts (through the Los are still more or less vertical most of the Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) time. The rhythm of our lives goes on for the purpose of serving as the core from day to day at a Tai Chi pace. Since laboratory for studies on left ventricular few of the nation’s and the world’s prob- failure and coronary artery disease. I lems seem to have tidy solutions we find have been fortunate in having had good our consolations in our family and in our the first woman and the first west coast research Fellows on a continuing basis rich memories of 64 years of loving part- graduate student to win the fellowship. during my career. They have been nership. She and her fellow mathematician hus- essential to my research productivity. “One of the most memorable events of band, Mark Meckes, will be professors at “I have retained good contact with for- the year was the occasion of my sister Case Western Reserve University in the mer research Fellows. Thus I continue Evelyn’s 100th birthday celebration. fall of 2007. Sarah Elder has been com- to collaborate with some of them in their Three generations of her progeny and mended for innovative teaching in the research at their home institution. In many relatives, including cousins from Teach for America program in addition, for purposes of teaching Canada and friends from the East Philadelphia school. Sam, after clerking abroad, I have been responsible for Coast, came to show their love and for two years for Federal judges in three-day post-graduate courses on admiration. The floor show included the Philadelphia, has just been awarded a principles of exercise physiology, testing ultimate photograph album, a Power fellowship to work for a public interest and interpretation, over the past 12 to Point slide show that started in the late law firm in Oakland starting next 15 years. Thus with my Japanese col- September. leagues, we shall give the 11th course in 19th century. “Please forgive our emphasis on our Japan (Tokyo) in July, 2007 and, with “Our family continues to be our main private concerns. The ‘big picture’ is too my European colleagues, the 11th source of pleasure. Each of the boomers discouraging to contemplate.” course in Europe (Rome), in October, and generation Xers has distinguished 2007. We have been giving the same him/herself in different, but equally course twice a year for the last 25 years admirable, ways. Jean continues as Letters to Beverly Bishop with my Division colleagues at Harbor- Executive Director of a non-profit Action UCLA. Alliance for Children and editor of their Karl Wasserman writes: “Thank you “I suppose that the reason that I am publication, The Children’s Advocate. still doing what I have been doing for We especially enjoy her weekly lunch for the birthday greetings. The 10 years between my 70th and 80th birthdays many years is two-fold. First, physiolo- visits in our apartment. Kathy is a sen- gy has been my hobby, not my labor. ior Professor in the University of went fast. I am still Professor Emeritus on Recall at the UCLA School of Second, I am still asked on an almost Cincinnati’s large biology department. daily basis to write, edit, research or We are delighted by her frequent West Medicine located on the Harbor-UCLA campus. While our research entity has teach. This is gratifying. Coast visits and were very happy that “While I do start out early in the we were able to visit her at changed its name from Research and Education Institute to Los Angeles morning, as always, I go home earlier Thanksgiving time with the help of Jim than before and try to spend more time and Jean. Jim and his lab mates are Biomedical Research Institute of Harbor- UCLA of the David Geffen with my wife of 54 years, who has been going through an especially stressful my guiding inspiration. We also look time because Peter Quail, their eminent School of Medicine of UCLA, I am phys- ically in the same place that I was 10 forward to visits with our children and Chief, is seriously ill. Jim is keeping the grandchildren. You asked me if I have lab together and maintaining communi- years ago. I still go into my office every weekday, do research, write, edit, teach words of wisdom to pass on to younger cation between the team members and physiologists. My advice is to do what Peter, who is recuperating from a diffi- and occasionally consult on patients with special problems, usually related to you love and love what you do. And most cult operation. importantly, enjoy those wonderful “We can get tiresome on the subject of exercise intolerance. “With respect to research, I have two opportunities to be with family. Life goes our grandchildren. Carolyn Norr has by too fast to do otherwise.” been very successful in a curriculum advanced post-doctoral research Fellows and I am mentor for the NIH K 23 enrichment program for inner city Max Harry Weil writes: “I was pleased schools sponsored by a private founda- award of one of our young cardiologists. Fortunately, I have the help of my long- and grateful to receive your letter of tion. She teaches art and creative writ- February 9, 2007 and it is my privilege th time colleague, Dr. James Hansen, who ing in several 7 grade classes of poor has helped me interact with research to attach a copy of my Curriculum Vitae Oakland schools. Sarah Norr is working Fellows in these activities, during the and a copy of the newspaper insert as a counselor to unorganized hotel past decade. Our focus in this research called ‘Healthy Heart’ which appeared workers. Elizabeth Elder received a PhD has been the physiology and pathophys- only today in the local paper, namely in mathematics from Stanford last June. iology of exercise, and pulmonary func- ‘The Desert Sun.’ She was awarded a five year fellowship tion testing. This has led to a number of “With respect to the specific questions by the American Mathematic Institute, publications that have focused on the that you posed, yes, I am continuing 121 The Physiologist Senior Physiologists’ News Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007 with scientific activity and writing and greeting was for my 80th birthday. I emphasis on the neuroendocrine most especially working with the post- responded at that time indicating that I aspects. My group regularly publishes doctoral fellows in our Institute. I have had not yet reached the “Geezer” stage. I papers. I am member of editorial boards never been able to distinguish between informed the note writer, whose name I of journals and review manuscripts for presumed labor working and the love for do not recall except he was an old international journals. I am active mem- what I do, including now that I have acquaintance, that in order to reach the ber of some committees of the shed administrative responsibilities. “Geezer” stage one had to pass through Semmelweis University, Budapest and “In planning, as suggested by you, my the “Codger” Stage -age 70, the “Old of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. intent is to leave correspondence, Codger stage - age 75 and finally the “I am very grateful for the publica- unpublished writings and archival “Geezer” stage - age 80. I was informed tions of the APS which I receive regular- materials in the library of the Institute of these stages by my grandson who is ly and read. After having read them, I for either or both reference and disposi- now a junior at Indiana University. He always pass on them to the members of tion by those who succeed me. recently sent me an Email informing of the Department of Physiology of our “Thank you very much for writing and my advancement. I do not know if University. They are very happy to get for your birthday wishes.” there is a stage for 90 year olds, but I them and to have the chance to read the hope to find out in 10 years. excellent articles dealing with actual John Schlag writes: “Thank you for “As to my activity of late: this past research or with teaching physiology.” your inquiry. I retired at the age of 78. summer I removed myself as a reviewer Since then, with disguised apprehen- for the International Journal of CV Kenneth M. Hanson writes: “I recent- sion, many colleagues have asked me Research and for Chest. However, I still ly, with great pleasure, celebrated my how I was taking it? I did retire because play tennis three times a week, continue 80th birthday. My wife, Sue, arranged a I no longer had the patience of writing my long distance bicycle rides - (50-60 wonderful party. There were many visit- applications for research and for animal miles weather permitting) and hope to ing children and grandchildren. permit. My main NIH grant was 40 do a Century ride this fall. The last time “Since my retirement in 1992 from the years old and, up to the last day, I I did a Century was in 2002. Physiology department at the Ohio recorded unit activity in neurophysiolog- “In addition I carry on my continuing State University, I have managed to ical experiments. After that, of course, education courses for retirees, which I remain quite active. I continued to work there are still papers to complete, began at Northwestern University and for several years as a consultant to the reviews to write, manuscripts to referee now at National Lewis University. I am Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory but, let us be frank, together, they are a co-coordinator of a seminar type at Grant Medical Center in Columbus, not fulfilling activities. My research field course on ‘International Relations’ in OH. The work consisted largely of stud- has always been competitive and, as my which students present an oral report ies on esophageal and biliary motility. colleagues did, I enjoyed it. As I no each week on a specific area of a impor- Ironically, during this time I developed longer have the means to test an idea as tant current world events. Barrett’s esophagus, which, fortunately, it emerges, I am somewhat losing inter- “I am also vicariously involved in my has been well controlled with treatment. est in my own field. Too long, I have been grandchildren’s educational endeavors, In spite of having this, as well as a research activist. But I have a lot of two of whom are in college, and one who rheumatoid arthritis, I am feeling quite interest in physics, history and econom- will be entering 6th grade in the fall. well and have been able to enjoy my ics and no ambition to contribute any- “And that is how I spend my time now years of senior status very much indeed. thing there, and I have a passion (out- in addition to caring for my wife who has A group of retired faculty and staff from rage) for politics. So I am not at all Parkinson’s. the Ohio State University Physiology unhappy. I started my career in Europe. “With best regards to my American Department gets together for lunch on a If I had pursued it there, I would have Physiological Society colleagues who are regular basis. We love to reminisce over been force-retired 15 years ago. So, why still around from our early days.” happenings of past times. The conversa- would I complain?” tion can be saddened when the passing Béla Halász writes: “Thank you very of a friend or former colleague is noted. much for your kind letter and for the One subject that comes up from time to Letters to Virendra Mahesh greetings. time is the seeming demise of “Concerning my current activities I Physiology as we knew it and the Tom Hoshiko writes: “Thanks for your am pleased to give you the following appearance of a new discipline, alien to greetings and inquiry of what I am information. us, but still physiology. Physiology of the doing in my 80th year! I am well and “Of course, I am retired, emeritus pro- new age, maybe. enjoying life with family in rural Ohio fessor. Give a few lectures for graduate “My wife and I enjoy entertainment, although a small stroke has affected students and I am still active in fine dining and travel. We have done the short term memory.” research, working in the latter quite extensively. I have visited all Neuromorphological and Neuroen- seven continents. My wife six. Our I. I. Hirsch writes: “It was a delightful docrine Research Laboratory supported favorites, so far, an Amazon cruise from surprise to receive your birthday greet- by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences the mouth to Iquitos, Peru, and recently ing on behalf of the APS on the occasion and the Semmelweis University. The Antarctica. As for other hobbies, I do of my 80th birthday. I am reminded, as main interest of my group is the struc- photography and I am learning the digi- I remember it, on my 70th I received a tural organization and functional signif- tal way; maintain three aquariums and birthday greeting from the APS, howev- icance of the glutamatergic innervation have a large collection of sea shells from er the birth year was mixed up and the of the hypothalamus with special around the world.

122 The Physiologist Senior Physiologists’ News Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

“Currently, I am looking forward to me up to date in events of interest. continues, and I have been successful in the coming of spring, and April trip to Despite the fact I still subscribe to a competitive events of exhibiting at local, Easter Europe, and, of course, many number of journals (not an easy task in regional and national levels. My special- more birthdays.” these days of escalated subscription ty is Hong Kong and Thailand. And I prices), the explosion of new knowledge, play bocce ball almost daily with other Robert L. Hazelwood writes: “Thank combined with the evolution of a new senior citizens. you so much for your recent letter alert- form of scientific language, make it “I found early that my real void in ing me to the fact tat I have outlived extremely difficult to stay abreast of activities here was a lack of sharing my both my parents and as such, continue things in my arena of interest. Of partic- enthusiasm for Physiology, especially to engage in competitive sports, garden- ular interest has been the developments with students and colleagues. So, I ing, philately, and interact with faculty following our co-discovery of the pancre- approached the retirement community’s colleagues on an international level. atic polypeptide (PP) family with Joe leaders with the suggestion that I be Your letter arrived here in Texas while I Kimmel of the University of Kansas allowed to give a series of lectures on was in Thailand lecturing to Medical Medical School in the early 1970s. We health-related topics; no tests, no Students, a pleasant task that I have were the first to establish its involve- grades, just mental satisfaction and ful- been doing on a pro bono basis for 22 ment with feeding behavior and GI phys- fillment to fit in with the expanding years. Thus, the delay in answering your iology, receptor characteristics identified, series of physical activities already in kind letter. and CNS actions strongly suggested. All place. My suggestion was listened to and “I have now been retired roughly 10 of this laid groundwork for the explosion politely and quietly dismissed as ‘being years from my Chair position at the of work (initiated by Mutt and co-work- too naïve.’ Strangely, 12 months later a Univeristy of Houston. We looked for a ers) involving NPY that followed. ‘Senior University’ was incorporated spot to retire in the Bay Area of north- “Fortunately, I still have some contact and affiliated with our local ern California where my family has with many of my past Graduate Southwestern University, and we now resided for over many generations, but Students who have gone on to accom- have over 600 senior residents enrolled found the financial considerations more plish much in the field. I only hope that in a large variety of six-week courses, than we could comfortably handle, and I gave them the same clear insight to ranging from Hayden’s music to ‘That so returned to Texas and settled in a their work as I received from my men- Wonderful Machine: The Human Body.’ nice, historically quiet town of tors in various stages of my career, The latter is taught by yours truly in Georgetown, about 30 miles north of namely, Leslie Bennett, Max Klieber, conjunction with a former Dean at Austin. Giving up the lab and working and Piero Foa. These three were true Kansas University Medical School, Bob with my graduate students was the scholars and genuine leaders, each in Manning. We cover such topics as Pain, hardest thing for me to adjust to, but the their own manner, and taught me the Sleep, Sensory Perception, The Body’s opportunities presented to us in this fun inherent in Physiology. Response to Heart Attacks, Obesity, Del-Webb retirement community were “On a daily basis, I still pursue my Diabetes, Food Intake, etc. The innumerable and challenging, indeed. It gardening interest, where I have won University of Texas at Austin calls upon took our Springer Spaniel about two several ‘Garden of the Month’ awards in us from time to time to give similar lec- days to adjust to retirement life away competition with 1,100 other residents. I tures in their SAGE program. from the big cities of our professional also work two 6 x 25 foot garden plots in “Fortunately, I have been successful in past as San Francisco, Boston, and an horticultural acreage set aside for continuing my overseas contacts that Houston. residents, growing most of our own veg- were originally made through Fulbright “Barbara has continued her intense etables and giving the surplus to the Scholarship and Sabbatical leaves. For interest in teaching Scottish Country local food bank. My interest in Philately the last 22 years I have been a Visiting dancing, as well as participat- ing in clogging, and tap danc- ing/performing, and has CALL FOR NOMINATIONS widened her interest in per- formance by joining the local for the Editorship of the Theatre Group, where she acts, directs backstage, and Journal of Neurophysiology play directs local talent in all types of theatrical perform- Nominations are invited for the Editorship of the Journal of Neurophysiology to succeed ances. She is professional in E. Marder, who will complete her term as Editor on June 30, 2008. The Publications all aspects of endeavor and is Committee plans to interview candidates in the Fall of 2007. in constant demand to lend her talents to various organi- Applications should be received before August 15, 2007. zations. “As for myself, I found not Nominations, accompanied by a curriculum vitae, should be sent to the Chair of the having day-to-day contact Publications Committee: with physiologically oriented colleagues difficult to adjust Kim E. Barrett, Ph.D. to, compounding the problem APS of having no close-by 9650 Rockville Pike University and library to keep Bethesda, MD 20814-3991

123 The Physiologist Senior Physiologists’ News Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

Professor in Physiology and “It is time for me to close this epistle. on building a library specializing in the Endocrinology at Chiang Mai Medical I do so with an apology for my tardy history of Endocrinology. We have School in northern Thailand. I lecture to reply (noted above) and a hope that I received a major collection of books and third year medical students (in a six haven’t rambled too much. I also hope papers from the wife of the late Clark year medical course), assist in the labs that when you write again to me 80 Sawin, who was a great collector of and Clinical Presentations, and aid the years from now, that you, too, will find endocrinological history memorabilia. It Graduate Student program as well, I find it very rewarding in all aspects, as retirement full of as much fun and looks as though a number of societies the Thais are very courteous, gentle and rewards as we both have found in are nurturing their collective memories gracious people, and they enjoy life; they Physiology. Take care!” before we seniors all disappear. The love to smile and laugh. They are very Society for the Study of Reproduction appreciative of my (and other visiting has begun video taping interviews with persons) efforts, poorly spoken Thai that Letter to Donald Marsh its past presidents. I have. “Traveling has been a great pleasure, “While there in the Department of NR Brewer writes: “Since a copy of especially where I can see animals and Physiology, I saw again what I have your letter intended for physiologists birds. I have been to the Galapagos, and found all over Thailand, and that is a born in 1906 was also sent to me (born Macchu Picchu, and also Patagonia in serious lack of educational materials in 1904), and since it was the first time Argentina and Chile. Costa Rica was a available to the student to use during I have received such a letter, and since birding paradise, and in this country I their course of study. Current texts are a your letter indicated you would like to have birded in Alaska, along the Platte notable example. Therefore, a number of know what elder physiologists do (and River in Nebraska and in Yellowstone years back, I enlisted the Dean’s assis- so would I)…….I just received a copy of and the Tetons. tance in establishing a departmental the Journal of the American Association “But much of my time has been spent library, a library embracing all aspects for Laboratory Animal Science in which in writing a kind of memoir. My life as a of biological, organismic Physiology appeared an article under my name physiologist overlapped with the femi- which was as current as possible. Ours that indicates what I have been doing nist movement in the sciences. A lot of is the only basic science departmental most of my life.” my efforts have gone into this, and I library in the entire medical school! And wanted to tell this story, as well as write we find that most other departments are about the joys (and frustrations) of frequent users of its resources, as it con- Letter to Julio Cruz doing research and administration. Not tains tomes of not only standard only did I serve as first President of The Physiology texts, but also those of Neena Schwartz writes: “So, what is Association of Women in Science, but I Anatomy (including Netter’s classics), this “Senior Physiologist” doing these helped start Women in Endocrinology, a Biochemistry, Endocrinology, Pharama- days? I still have a small office in the focus group within the Endocrine cology, Pathology, Genetics, Immunology, Department of Neurobiology and Society. I have participated in mentor- Nutrition, Neuroscience, Cell Biology, Physiology, on the Evanston campus of ing a number of women (and men!) and etc. I have been successful in furnishing Northwestern University in Evanston. I won the Lifetime Mentor Award from the library with four up-to-date comput- closed my lab in 1998, having decided AAAS in 2003. So far I have not found a ers, four carrels for study and thesis five years before, when I received my publisher for the book but I am trying. writing, a 14-foot teakwood conference last five-year R01 from NIH, that I was “I was surprised when I received the table, and my own personal Physiology not going to apply again. I have now little “statue” from our society commem- library, which is updated every other also retired from my position as orating my 50 year membership. Where year. Five series of Annual Reviews are Director of our Center for Reproductive have the years gone? present, also, including one (Physiology) Science, a bicampus endeavor between dating yearly back to the 1956 volume. the Medical School in Chicago and the Each text is barcoded and recently via College of Arts and Science in Letter to Charles Tipton mainline the operation was ‘digitalized.’ Evanston. “So, retirement for me has been fun, “I have continued to serve locally and Ian Darian-Smith writes: “I was very fruitful, and challenging. I sincerely nationally on several advisory commit- pleased to receive the birthday card hope that my former Graduate tees for multidisciplinary research from the Senior Physiologists’ Commit- Students have found their work as such, grants. Occasionally someone even tee of the American Physiological as most of them are on the so-called takes my advice! I represented the Society and thank you and your col- ‘cutting edge’ of their fields and are Endocrine Society for several years on leagues for the kind thoughts. making contributions far greater in sig- the FASEB Women’s Excellence in “I am in good health, and still do a lit- nificance than when in my laboratory. Science Award committee. I am present- tle gardening with my wife.” ™ Physiology gave me unusually gifted ly chairing a committee for the students; I gave them an opportunity, Endocrine Society- the History and a little guidance. Committee, which is focused currently 124 The Physiologist Meetings & Congresses Vol. 50, No. 3, 2007

July 7-10 September 5-9 Genomics of Common Diseases, Cambridge, United Mouse Molecular Genetics, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Information: Patricia van der Valk, Conference Kingdom. Information: Pam Garland, Conference Organiser, Organiser, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, The The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, The Wellcome Trust Wellcome Trust Conference Center, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, Conference Center, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1RQ. Tel.: CB10 1RQ. Tel.: +44 0 1223 495110; Fax: +44 0 1223 495023; +44 0 1223 495111; Fax: +44 0 1223 495023; Email: p.gar- Email: [email protected]; Internet: [email protected]; Internet: http://firstcontact.hinx- http://firstcontact.hinxton.wellcome.ac.uk. ton.wellcome.ac.uk.

August 6-9 September 16-19 IBC's 12th Annual World Congress Drug Discovery and 10th International Conference on Endothelin, Development of Innovative Therapeutics (DDT), Bergamo, Italy. Information: Francesca Di Fronzo, Mario Boston, MA. Information: IBC Life Sciences. Tel.: 800-858- Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, via Gavazzeni, 4881; Fax: 941-365-0104; Email: [email protected]; Internet: 11-24125 Bergamo, Italy. Tel.: +39 035 319888; Fax: +39 035 http://www.drugdisc.com/. 319331; Email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.et-10.it .

August 12-16 September 18-22 7th International Congress of Comparative Physiology VIIth World Congress on Neurohypophysial Hormones, and Biochemistry, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Information: Regensburg, Germany. Information: Internet: http://www. Internet: http://www.ib.usp.br/iccpb-brazil/index.html. uni-regensburg.de/wcnh2007.

August 12-17 September 23-27 2nd Annual Placenta Human Workshop - Laboratory 9th Annual International Symposium on Mutation Techniques and Clinical Lectures, Kingston ON, Detection, Xiamen, China. Information: HUGO, 144 Harley Canada. Information: Placenta Workshop 2007 Co-ordinator, St, London W1G 7LD, UK. Tel: [44] (20) 7935 8085; Fax: [44] Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Botterell Hall, Room 863, (20) 7935 8341; Email: [email protected]; Internet: Queen's University, Kingston ON K7L 3N6. Tel.: 613-533- http://www.hugo-international.org. 2853; Fax: 613-533-2566; Email: [email protected]; Internet: http://post.queensu.ca/~placenta. October 18-21 AACVPR 22nd Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT. August 15-19 Information: AACVPR, 401 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 8th World Congress for Microcirculation, Milwaukee, 2200, Chicago, IL 60611. Tel.: 312-321-5146; Fax: 312-527- WI. Information: Internet: http://www.microcirccongress.org/ 6635; Email: [email protected]; Internet: Home/tabid/71/Default.aspx. http://www.aacvpr.org/.

August 19-22 2008 Setting the Stage for the Future: June 28-July 3 Psychoneuroendocrinology in the 21st Century, 33rd FEBS Congress and 11th IUBMB Conference, Madison, WI. Information: 38th Annual ISPNE Conference. Biochemistry of Cell Regulation, Athens, Greece. Tel.: 608-263-2281; Fax: 608-265-2565, Email: SheltonS@wisc Information: Georgina Alexopoulou, Promotion and .edu; Internet: http://www.ispne.org. Communication. Tel.: +30 210 6889100; Fax: +30 210 6844777; Email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.febs- August 23-26 iubmb-2008.org/. 2007 World Conference of Stress, Budapest, Hungary. Information: Congress Secretariat, Diamond Congress Ltd., H-1255 Budapest, P.O. Box 48, Budapest 8, Hungary. Tel.: +36 1 214 7701; Fax: +36 1 201 2680; Email: diamond@diamond- congress.hu; Internet: http://www.stress07.com/index.html.

125 Journals of the American Physiological Society

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1. Check membership category you are applying for: Regular Affiliate Student 2. Do you currently hold membership in the APS? Yes No 3. If you answered yes to above, what is your category of Membership?______Year elected?______4. Name of Applicant: ______/______/______Last Name or Family Name First Name Middle Name 5. Date of Birth______/______/______Optional: Male Female Month Day Year 6. Institution Name______Department______(Please do not abbreviate Institution Name) 7. Institution Street Address______8. City/State/Zip/Country______9. Home Address (Students only)______10. Work Phone______Home Phone ______11. Fax______E-mail______

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17. LIST YOUR MOST SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATIONS, WITH EMPHASIS ON THE PAST 5 YEARS (Publications should consist of manuscripts in peer-reviewed journals. List them in the same style as sample below.) Sample: MacLeod RJ and Hamilton JR. Volume Regulation initiated by Na+-nutrient contransport in isolated mammalian villus enterocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 280: G26-G33, 1991.

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Mail your application to: Membership Services Department, The American Physiological Society 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3991 (U.S.A.) (or fax to 301-634-7241) (or submit online at: www.the-aps.org/membership/application.htm) Send no money now—you will receive a dues statement upon approval of membership. Approval Deadlines: Membership applications are considered for approval on a monthly basis. Questions? Call: 301-634-7171, Fax: 301-634-7241, E-mail: [email protected] , Web: www.the-aps.org R/ 2005

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