DOCSLIB.ORG

August and Marie Krogh August and Marie Krogh

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
August and Marie Krogh August and Marie Krogh August and Marie Krogh August and Marie Krogh LIVES IN SCIENCE Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen, Dr. Odont, Dr. phil. Professor Emeritus and Aqjunct Professor, Department of Physiology, University of Florida SPRINGER NEW YORK 1995 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland Madrid and associated companies in Berlin lbadan Copyright © 1995 by the American Physiological Society Originally published by American Physiological Society in 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press AII rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmidt-Nielsen, Bodil. August and Marie Krogh : lives in science by Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4614-7530-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-7530-9 1. Krogh, August, 1874-1949. 2. Krogh, Marie, 1874-1943. 3. Physiologists-Denmark-Biography. I. Title. QP26.K76S35 1995 591.1'092-dc20 [B] 94-20655 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Preface When my father August Krogh died in 1949, 1 was with him in Den­ mark. My stay in Denmark was prolonged for another two months due to a concussion 1 sustained in an automobile accident, which occurred shortly after his death. It was then that 1 became familiar with the ex­ tensive material of biographical value which my father had left. Due to the pride and interest August took in his family, the material was very rich, consisting of family letters going back to his mother's birth in 1842, his own letters to his mother, father and siblings, between his siblings, between himself and my mother as well as his children. It in­ cluded correspondence with his colleagues, university matters, Marie Krogh's letters, numerous notes and manuscripts, books, and scientific papers. It became clear that 1 was the one to write the biography because 1 was a physiologist. In addition, 1 spoke and wrote English as well as Danish and 1 very much wanted to undertake the project. My brother, Erik, was to inherit the material, but he was not inclined to undertake such a major job and he as well as Torkel Weis-Fogh (my father's scien­ tific assistant) encouraged me to write the biography. It seems an awfully long time between making the decision and fin­ ishing the work. 1 began immediately after having had the material shipped to Duke University, but soon found that it was impossible to combine such a major undertaking with my other work (research, teaching, and taking care of my three children). My resolve was undi­ minished, but 1 had to put the writing on hold until my life became less complicated, which did not happen until after 1 retired. Weis-Fogh and 1 deposited the material in the Danish Royal Library in Copenhagen in 1964. During the intervening years, 1 continued to collect material of biographical significance. Then in 1987 the work began in earnest, but before 1 could start writing 1 had to copy all of the material we had deposited in the Danish Royal Library. Writing the book has been an absorbing and deeply rewarding un­ dertaking. In studying my father's and mother's writings and correspon­ dence, 1 have come to admire them even more than 1 had before. As my mind filled with what 1 read and then wrote, my parents carne vividly alive at all the various stages of their enormously productive lives. 1 have been asked if 1 learned things about them that 1 did not know before. 1 vi Preface certainly did, but the image of these two people who were my parents did not change, only the depth of understanding. 1 also arrived at the sobering realization that many thoughts, beliefs, and ideas that 1 had believed were original to me have come to me through what my parents taught me when 1 was a child. Gainesville, Fla. B. S.-N. ]uly 1994 Acknowledgments In this- undertaking I have had a great deal of help and encouragement. In copying the files from the Royal Library in Copenhagen, my grand­ niece Maria Krogh Nielsen assisted me and Librarian Troels Lauring of Nordisk Insulin Laboratory kindly completed the task. All of it is now in my home in Gainesville, Florida. It is said that nothing is written until someone has read it. The first one to read my draft, encourage me and make small corrections was always my patient and beloved husband, Roger Chagnon. Next carne my excellent editor Miss Susan Williams who helped get the Danish out of my English, then carne my "two pro­ fessors," Dr. Thomas Maren and Dr. Arthur Otis. I had told Tom Maren that I needed a critica! audience. He suggested forming a small commit­ tee consisting of himself and Dr. Otis. During the years that I have been writing I regularly brought my pages to them. We would have lunch together while they read the next installment of the Krogh saga. I can­ not thank these two friends enough for their never failing encourage­ ment and kind suggestions. I have also regularly sent my manuscript to my family in Denmark, who have helped me with suggestions and more material and to Dr. Erik Hohwii Christensen in Sweden. Dr. Chris­ tensen's review of my chapter on exercise was very helpful. Dr. Michael Bliss kindly reviewed the chapter on insulin and Dr. Hans U ssing the isotope chapter. My former teacher and lifelong friend, Else Rahbek, was always willing to help me contact people in Denmark or find mate­ rial I needed. When I had almost finished, Dr. John West recommended the manuscript to the American Physiology History Section and to Oxford University Press, for which I am grateful. The last and least-pleasant part has been to condense my manu­ script. I was told by the publisher it had to be shortened by about a third but given no specific guidelines for what to take out. An excellent editor in New York, Ms. Beverly Pennachini, has been sufficiently tough-minded to help me take out the less essential material. Contents Chronology xi Introduction 3 1. Ancestry 5 2. Childhood in Grenaa (1874-1890) 10 3. School Years in Aarhus (1891-1893) 17 4. Becoming a Zoologist (1893-1895) 22 5. Becoming a Physiologist (1895-1899) 32 6. The Beginning of Zoophysiology (1899-1904) 44 7. August and Marie (1904) 60 8. Marriage and the Seegen Prize (1904-1906) 71 9. The Oxygen Secretion Controversy (1906-1910) 78 10. The Zoophysiological Laboratory and the Beginning of Exercise Physiology (1910-1916) 95 11. Capillaries and the Nobel Prize (1916-1922) 112 12. The Insulin Story (1922-1925) 126 13. The Happiest Years (1923-1938) 139 14. Capillary Function and the Contractility Controversy (1923-1936) 154 15. New Fields of Investigation (1928-1943) 163 16. Exercise Physiology (1918-1944) 173 17. The Introduction of Isotopes (1935-1944) 185 18. Dark Clouds (1938-1944) 193 19. Exile in Sweden (1944-1945) 209 20. The Private Laboratory in Gentofte (1945-1947) 218 21. Last Scientific Work (1945-1949) 229 Epilogue 239 Notes and References 241 August Krogh's Publications 261 Index 277 August Krogh Family Tree Christen Christiansen Krogh Ţ Maren Brick (1720-1786) -Î-(1743-?) 1--- Christian Christensen Peter Jacob Andersen Niels Mygind Andreas Ţ Marie Brick Jens (1770-1837) (1773-1846) (1775-1815) (1778-1857) (1781-1858) (1788-1847) (1784-1854) Braenore-Frorup Haders1ev Korsor Brewer Skovgaard branch branch branch branch branch Christsigne (Sine) ~ Johann Dreckmann 1 Andreas Lauritz - Bolette de Baes Jacob Emil Freda Fischer (1809-1876) (1799-1843) (1816-1881) (1822-1902) (1821-191 o) Marenline (Line)- Hans Detlef Krogh (1814-1867) .-------------~-----.-------, Marie Magdalene Bo1ette (Mimi) Dreckmann Andreas Viggo Ditlev Jacob Emil another (1842-1927) (1848-1925) ( 1849-1933) brother .-----------------,-----'-,-------------,-----,-------, 4 sisters Schack August SteenbergŢ Birte Marie Jorgensen Edel Christiene (married) frida Christiane (1874-1949) (1874-1943) (1878-1950) (1 son, 1 daughter) (1882-1922) Jacob Emil Ţ Sofie Larsen Johan Dreckmann Inger Marie (Misse) (1876-1950) (1880- 1955) (1885-1952) (married, 2 daughters) Johan (1918-) Erik Viggo Ţ Karen Hjort Ellen Rigmor Ţ Einar Ljunghusen Agnes Helga Ţ Christer Wernstedt (1908-1958) (1914-) (1913-) (1917-) (?-1946) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Inger Marie Ellen Bodil Bjorn Bo Lars Christer Bodil Mimi Ţ Knut Schmidt-Nielsen (1940-) (1944-) (1939-) (1942-) (1948-) (1939-) (1945-) (1918-) (1915-) 1 1 1 1 Astrid Bent Krogh Bodil Mimi (1941 -) (1944-) (194 7-1984) Chronology 1874 August Krogh horn November 15 in Grenaa, Denmark. 1889-90 Voluntary apprentice of Danish Navy on the inspection boat Hauch. 1893 Artium (Entrance examination for the university) from Aarhus Cathedral school 1895 Preparatory examination for medicine, University of Copenhagen. 1899 Magister conference, University of Copenhagen. Scientific assistance in Christian Bohr's laboratory. 1902 First trip to Greenland to study atmospheric C02• 1903 Doctoral degree, Dr. phil. 1905 Marriage to Marie J0rgensen (horn December 25, 1874) 1906 Seegen Prize. 1907 Marie gets her medical degree. 1908 August and Marie study in Greenland. Erik Viggo Krogh is horn. 1910 Establishment of Zoophysiological Laboratory in Ny Vestergade. Publicq.tion of "the seven small devils." 1913 Ellen Rigmor Krogh is horn. 1914 Marie's doctoral degree, Dr. med. 1916 Professor of zoophysiology. 1917 Agnes Helga Krogh is horn.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ny Vestergade 13, Københvans Kommune.Pdf
    FREDNINGSVÆRDIER NY VESTERGADE 13 VESTER KVARTER, KØBENHAVNS KOMMUNE 2 Besigtigelsesdato: 23.06.2016 Besigtiget af: Maria Wedel Søe Journalnummer: 2010-7.82.07/101-0001 Kommune: Københavns Kommune Kommune Adresse: Ny Vestergade 13, 1471 København K Betegnelse: Ny Vestergade 13 Fredningsår: 1918 Omfang: Forhuset (1792, forhøjet 1857) og den dermed sammenbyggede mindre udbygning. BYGNINGSBESKRIVELSE I fredningsbeskrivelsen er der ikke taget stilling til lovligheden af bygningsarbejder foretaget i ejendommen. Forhuset er beliggende i den sydlige husrække i Ny Vestergade, der leder op til Marmorbroen og Christiansborg midt i det centrale København. Forhuset er på gårdsiden bygget sammen med et kort sidehus på to fag, så disse danner en vinkelbygning. Sidehuset støder op til en nyere ejendom, der ikke er omfattet af fredningen. Forhuset og sidehus er grundmurede bygninger. Forhuset er i fire etager over en høj kælder, mens gårdsiden og sidehuset er tre etager over en høj kælder. Facaden er fem fag bred, og murværket er pudset og kalket. Soklen er mørkegrå, mens den øvrige del af facaden er i en lys sandgrå farve. En kordongesims opdeler facaden vandret mellem første og anden sal, og under kordongesimsen er de tre midterste fag let fremhævet i en refendfuget midtrisalit. Over kordongesimsen er yderfagene let fremhævede som siderisalitter og herimellem spænder forskellige bånd, friser og sålbænksgesimser. Frisen mellem første og anden sal er dekoreret med “løbende hund”. Der er indfatninger Facaden mod Ny Vestergade. omkring yderfagenes vinduer, som på første sal yderligere er udsmykket med konsolbårne segmentfrontoner. Øverst afsluttes facaden af en hovedgesims med sparrehoveder udført i gips. Der er brugt Nexøsandsten til alle sålbænke samt beletagens vinduesfrontoner, ellers er de glatte dele af vinduesindfatningerne samt frisen trukket i puds og efterfølgende, ligesom hovedgesimsens sparrehoveder, malet i en rødlig farve for at imitere Nexøsandsten.
    [Show full text]
  • DMJ.1936.2.1.A02.Young.Pdf (3.644Mb)
    DALHOUSIE MEDICAL JOURNAL 5 A Memorable Conference THE HARVARD TERCENTENARY 1636 - 1936 E. GORDON YOUNG, B.A., M.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.S.C. OMEONE has said that the most valuable and rarest thing in the world S is a new idea. It is the verdict or the intellectual world of science, of art and of music that progress centres largely about the thoughts ex­ pressed by the few great minds of the centuries. The work of the scientists of the world has been likened to a great canvas, the subject of which has been chosen by the few and the first bold lines inserted, but the great mass of colour and detail has been supplied by the many faithful apprentices. It was most fitting that the oldest and greatest of American Universities should celebrate its three hundredth birthday in an intellec­ tual feast and that it should invite to its table as leaders of conversation the greatest minds of the world in those subjects which were proposed for discussion. Harvard.!J.as a magnificent record of intellectual tolerance and its hospitality was open to individuals of all nationalities and all re- ligious and political creeds. To Cambridge thus in the early days of September, 1936, there came, by invitation, a group of about two thousand five hundred American and Canadian scholars to participate in a memorable series of symposia led by a special group of sixty-seven eminent scientists and men of letters from fifteen different countries. These included no fewer than eleven men who had the greatest single distinction in the realms of science and of letters, the Nobel Prize.
    [Show full text]
  • 100858 AVANCES 26 5Indd
    avances en Diabetología Av Diabetol. 2010;26:373-82 Historical perspective From pancreatic extracts to artificial pancreas: history, science and controversies about the discovery of the pancreatic antidiabetic hormone V: The controversy. Who discovered insulin? A. de Leiva-Pérez1, E. Brugués-Brugués1,2, A. de Leiva-Hidalgo1,2,3,4 1Fundación DIABEM. 2Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición e Instituto de Investigación. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. 3Centro de Historia de la Ciencia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. 4CIBER-BBN-ISCIII The Nobel Prize controversy were provided by two members of the objection was to making an award on “he- The 1923 Nobel Award Nobel Committee: John Sjöqvist, Profes- resy evidence” from unknown persons or of Physiology or Medicine sor of Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Hans on statements in the two appraisals, like In April 1923, a total of 57 nominations Christian Jacobaeus, Professor of Internal “it is beyond doubt”, or comments as with merits were reviewed by the Nobel Medicine. Sjökvist arrived to the same ”things that are thought as very possible”; Committee. The examiners concluded conclusion as A. Krogh: the prize should the Assembly should take only verifi able that the discovery of insulin was of funda- be divided between Banting and Macleod. facts. The Committee reconsidered and mental importance. The archives of the Professor Göran Liljstrand was the Secre- reconfirmed its previous recommenda- Karolinska Institute depict that Macleod tary of the Nobel Committee from 1918 to tion. August Krogh was identifi ed as the and Banting were nominated for the fi rst 1960. He was a great friend of August source of the “heresy evidence”; he time in 1923: Banting by G.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Art and Archeology: the Copenhagen Collections DIS – Study Abroad in Scandinavia | Related Disciplines: Art History, Classics
    Final Syllabus Ancient Art and Archaeology Instructor: Thyge C. Bro Credits: 3 credit course Majors: Archaeology, Art History, Classics, History B3: Tuesdays and Fridays 11:40 – 13:00 Class-room: F24 - 406 Ancient Art and Archeology: The Copenhagen Collections DIS – Study Abroad in Scandinavia | Related Disciplines: Art History, Classics Final Syllabus This course focuses on the art and archaeology of ancient Greece and Rome from c. 1000 B.C. to c. A.D. 300, as it can be experienced through the collections in museums in Copenhagen. Stylistic and iconographical developments, as well as cultural meaning and historical context will be emphasized. The students will have the unique opportunity to study some of the finest collections of Greek and Roman art outside Greece and Italy. A substantial part of this course will take place observing firsthand the Collections of the Danish National Museum and the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Both museums are well known for their collections: the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek for its Greek sculptures and Roman portraits, and the National Museum for its Greek vases. Both have large collections of all kinds of objects from the ancient Mediterranean. By studying in these world-class museums, student will also gain a better understanding of musicological issues and methodology. Over the centuries a unique art and architecture developed and matured in first Greece and later in the Roman Empire. The many aspects of ancient Greek art can best be studied through two media: vase painting and sculpture. Greek vase painting developed over time; changing pattern of color and shape, showing gods and heroes, and is our best illustration to scenes from daily life.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Note
    REGIONAL MEETING ON THE 2001 CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION OF THE UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE THE UNESCO SCIENTIFIC COLLOQUIUM ON THE ACCESS TO UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE Dates: 8.30 am – 2 pm, 8 June 2016, UNESCO Regional Meeting 8.30 – 5.30 pm, 9 June 2016, 2016 UNESCO Scientific Colloquium Organizers: National Museum, Denmark; UNESCO Secretariat of the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage Participants Colloquium: Experts, scientists, museum and tourism professionals Participants Regional Meeting: Government Representatives Venue: Both meetings will take place in the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen, Ny Vestergade 10, 1471 København K, Danemark. Excursion: An excursion is offered to the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde on the afternoon of 8 June 2016 for max. 60 participants. The bus will leave at 3 pm from the National Museum. It will return around 6 pm. The excursion is free of charge and includes a guided visit. Please register in time. Official Reception: An official reception is offered for all participants at 6 pm, 8 June 2016, at the National Museum of Denmark. Hotels: Pre-reserved Hotels are the Cabinn and the Hotel Astoria. www.cabinn.com Use ref. nr. 84589 www.brochner-hotels.dk/our- hotels/hotel-astoria Use ref. nr. 304890 You may of course also book any other hotel in the city. We advise early booking, due to a high amount of ongoing events at that time of the year. Airport and Transport: Copenhagen Airport Kastrup is the main international airport serving Copenhagen. The airport is located on the island of Amager, just 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of Copenhagen city centre.
    [Show full text]
  • Balcomk41251.Pdf (558.9Kb)
    Copyright by Karen Suzanne Balcom 2005 The Dissertation Committee for Karen Suzanne Balcom Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine Committee: E. Glynn Harmon, Supervisor Julie Hallmark Billie Grace Herring James D. Legler Brooke E. Sheldon Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine by Karen Suzanne Balcom, B.A., M.L.S. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August, 2005 Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my first teachers: my father, George Sheldon Balcom, who passed away before this task was begun, and to my mother, Marian Dyer Balcom, who passed away before it was completed. I also dedicate it to my dissertation committee members: Drs. Billie Grace Herring, Brooke Sheldon, Julie Hallmark and to my supervisor, Dr. Glynn Harmon. They were all teachers, mentors, and friends who lifted me up when I was down. Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my committee: Julie Hallmark, Billie Grace Herring, Jim Legler, M.D., Brooke E. Sheldon, and Glynn Harmon for their encouragement, patience and support during the nine years that this investigation was a work in progress. I could not have had a better committee. They are my enduring friends and I hope I prove worthy of the faith they have always showed in me. I am grateful to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Krogh's Principle for Musculoskeletal Physiology and Pathology
    Journal of Musculoskeletal J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2018; 18(3):284-291 and Neuronal Interactions Perspective Article Krogh’s principle for musculoskeletal physiology and pathology Seth W. Donahue Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, USA Abstract August Krogh was a comparative physiologist who used frogs, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, and horses in his research that led to his Nobel Prize on muscle physiology. His idea to choose the most relevant organism to study problems in physiology has become known as Krogh’s principle. Indeed, many important discoveries in physiology have been made using naturally occurring animal models. However, the majority of research today utilizes laboratory mouse and rat models to study problems in physiology. This paper discusses how Krogh’s principle can be invoked in musculoskeletal research as a complementary approach to using standard laboratory rodent models for solving problems in musculoskeletal physiology. This approach may increase our ability to treat musculoskeletal diseases clinically. For example, it has been noted that progress in osteogenesis imperfecta research has been limited by the absence of a naturally occurring animal model. Several examples of naturally occurring animal models are discussed including osteoarthritis and osteosarcoma in dogs, resistance to disuse induced bone and skeletal muscle loss in mammalian hibernators, and bone phenotypic plasticity in fish lacking osteocytes. Many musculoskeletal diseases (e.g., osteoarthritis) occur naturally in companion animals, which may provide clues on etiology and progression of musculoskeletal diseases and accelerate the development of pharmaceutical therapies for humans. Keywords: Animal Models, Comparative Physiology, Companion Animals, Evolutionary Physiology, Musculoskeletal August Krogh: his research and his principle plant, insect, amphibian, bird, mammal) to study problems in physiology.
    [Show full text]
  • Banting and Best: the Extraordinary Discovery of Insulin
    106 Rev Port Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2017;12(1):106-115 Revista Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo www.spedmjournal.com Artigo de Revisão Banting and Best: The Extraordinary Discovery of Insulin Luís Cardosoa,b, Dírcea Rodriguesa,b, Leonor Gomesa,b, Francisco Carrilhoa a Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal b Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal INFORMAÇÃO SOBRE O ARTIGO ABSTRACT Historial do artigo: Diabetes was a feared disease that most certainly led to death before insulin discovery. During the first Recebido a XX de XXXX de 201X two decades of the 20th century, several researchers tested pancreatic extracts, but most of them caused Aceite a XX de XXXX de 201X Online a 30 de junho de 2017 toxic reactions impeding human use. On May 1921, Banting, a young surgeon, and Best, a master’s student, started testing the hypothesis that, by ligating the pancreatic ducts to induce atrophy of the exocrine pancreas and minimizing the effect of digestive enzymes, it would be possible to isolate the Keywords: internal secretion of the pancreas. The research took place at the Department of Physiology of the Diabetes Mellitus University of Toronto under supervision of the notorious physiologist John MacLeod. Banting and Insulin/history Best felt several difficulties depancreatising dogs and a couple of weeks after the experiments had Pancreatic Extracts/history begun most of the dogs initially allocated to the project had succumbed to perioperative complications. When they had depancreatised dogs available, they moved to the next phase of the project and prepared pancreatic extracts from ligated atrophied pancreas.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ETHICAL DILEMMA of SCIENCE and OTHER WRITINGS the Rockefeller Institute Press
    THE ETHICAL DILEMMA OF SCIENCE AND OTHER WRITINGS The Rockefeller Institute Press IN ASSOCIATION WITH OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK 1960 @ 1960 BY THE ROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE PRESS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BY THE ROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE PRESS IN ASSOCIATION WITH OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 60-13207 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE The Ethical Dilemma of Science Living mechanism 5 The present tendencies and the future compass of physiological science 7 Experiments on frogs and men 24 Scepticism and faith 39 Science, national and international, and the basis of co-operation 45 The use and misuse of science in government 57 Science in Parliament 67 The ethical dilemma of science 72 Science and witchcraft, or, the nature of a university 90 CHAPTER TWO Trailing One's Coat Enemies of knowledge 105 The University of London Council for Psychical Investigation 118 "Hypothecate" versus "Assume" 120 Pharmacy and Medicines Bill (House of Commons) 121 The social sciences 12 5 The useful guinea-pig 127 The Pure Politician 129 Mugwumps 131 The Communists' new weapon- germ warfare 132 Independence in publication 135 ~ CONTENTS CHAPTER THREE About People Bertram Hopkinson 1 39 Hartley Lupton 142 Willem Einthoven 144 The Donnan-Hill Effect (The Mystery of Life) 148 F. W. Lamb 156 Another Englishman's "Thank you" 159 Ivan P. Pavlov 160 E. D. Adrian in the Chair of Physiology at Cambridge 165 Louis Lapicque 168 E. J. Allen 171 William Hartree 173 R. H. Fowler 179 Joseph Barcroft 180 Sir Henry Dale, the Chairman of the Science Committee of the British Council 184 August Krogh 187 Otto Meyerhof 192 Hans Sloane 195 On A.
    [Show full text]
  • Federation Member Society Nobel Laureates
    FEDERATION MEMBER SOCIETY NOBEL LAUREATES For achievements in Chemistry, Physiology/Medicine, and PHysics. Award Winners announced annually in October. Awards presented on December 10th, the anniversary of Nobel’s death. (-H represents Honorary member, -R represents Retired member) # YEAR AWARD NAME AND SOCIETY DOB DECEASED 1 1904 PM Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (APS-H) 09/14/1849 02/27/1936 for work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged. 2 1912 PM Alexis Carrel (APS/ASIP) 06/28/1873 01/05/1944 for work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs 3 1919 PM Jules Bordet (AAI-H) 06/13/1870 04/06/1961 for discoveries relating to immunity 4 1920 PM August Krogh (APS-H) 11/15/1874 09/13/1949 (Schack August Steenberger Krogh) for discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism 5 1922 PM A. V. Hill (APS-H) 09/26/1886 06/03/1977 Sir Archibald Vivial Hill for discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle 6 1922 PM Otto Meyerhof (ASBMB) 04/12/1884 10/07/1951 (Otto Fritz Meyerhof) for discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle 7 1923 PM Frederick Grant Banting (ASPET) 11/14/1891 02/21/1941 for the discovery of insulin 8 1923 PM John J.R. Macleod (APS) 09/08/1876 03/16/1935 (John James Richard Macleod) for the discovery of insulin 9 1926 C Theodor Svedberg (ASBMB-H) 08/30/1884 02/26/1971 for work on disperse systems 10 1930 PM Karl Landsteiner (ASIP/AAI) 06/14/1868 06/26/1943 for discovery of human blood groups 11 1931 PM Otto Heinrich Warburg (ASBMB-H) 10/08/1883 08/03/1970 for discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme 12 1932 PM Lord Edgar D.
    [Show full text]
  • ILAE Historical Wall02.Indd 2 6/12/09 12:02:12 PM
    1920–1929 1923 1927 1929 John Macloed Julius Wagner–Jauregg Sir Frederick Hopkins 1920920 1922922 1924924 1928928 August Krogh Otto Meyerhof Willem Einthoven Charles Nicolle 1922922 1923923 1926926 192992929 Archibald V Hill Frederick Banting Johannes Fibiger Christiann Eijkman 1920 The positive eff ect of the ketogenic diet on epilepsy is documented critically 1921 First case of progressive myoclonic epilepsy described 1922 Resection of adrenal gland used as treatment for epilepsy 1923 Dandy carries out the fi rst hemispherectomy in a human patient 1924 Hans Berger records the fi rst human EEG (reported in 1929) 1925 Pavlov fi nds a toxin from the brain of a dog with epilepsy which when injected into another dog will cure epilepsy – hope for human therapy 1926 Publication of L.J.J. Musken’s book Epilepsy: comparative pathogenesis, symptoms and treatment 1927 Cerebral angiography fi rst attempted by Egaz Moniz 1928 Wilder Penfi eld spends time in Foerster’s clinic and learns epilepsy surgical techniques. 1928 An abortive attempt to restart the ILAE fails 1929 Penfi eld’s fi rst ‘temporal lobectomy’ (a cortical resection) 1920 Cause of trypanosomiasis discovered 1925 Vitamin B discovered by Joseph Goldberger 1921 Psychodiagnostics and the Rorschach test invented 1926 First enzyme (urease) crystallised by James Sumner 1922 Insulin isolated by Frecerick G. Banting and Charles H. Best treats a diabetic patient 1927 Iron lung developed by Philip Drinker and Louis Shaw for the fi rst time 1928 Penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming 1922 State Institute for Racial Biology formed in Uppsala 1929 Chemical basis of nerve impulse transmission discovered 1923 BCG vaccine developed by Albert Calmette and Jean–Marie Camille Guérin by Henry Dale and Harold W.
    [Show full text]
  • Fredede Bygninger
    Fredede Bygninger September 2021 SLOTS- OG KULTURSTYRELSEN Fredninger i Assens Kommune Alléen 5. Løgismose. Hovedbygningen (nordøstre fløj beg. af 1500-tallet; nordvestre fløj 1575, ombygget 1631 og 1644; trappetårn og sydvestre fløj 1883). Fredet 1918.* Billeskovvej 9. Billeskov. Hovedbygningen (1796) med det i haven liggende voldsted (1577). Fredet 1932. Brahesborgvej 29. Toftlund. Det fritliggende stuehus (1852-55, ombygget sidst i 1800-tallet), den fritliggende bindingsværksbygning (1700-tallet), den brostensbelagte gårdsplads og kastaniealléen ved indkørslen. Fredet 1996.* Delvis ophævet 2016 Brydegaardsvej 10. Brydegård. Stuehuset, stenhuset (ca. 1800), portbygningen og de to udhusbygninger (ca. 1890) samt smedien (ca. 1850). F. 1992. Byvejen 11. Tjenergården. Det firelængede anlæg bestående af et fritliggende stuehus (1821), tre sammenbyggede stald- og ladebygninger og hesteomgangsbygningen på østlængen (1930) samt brolægningen på gårdspladsen. F. 1991.* Damgade 1. Damgade 1. De to bindingsværkshuse mod Ladegårdsgade (tidl. Ladegårdsgade 2 og 4). Fredet 1954.* Dreslettevej 5. Dreslettevej 5. Det firelængede gårdanlæg (1795, stuehuset forlænget 1847), tilbygningen på vestlængen (1910) og den brolagte gårdsplads. F. 1990. Ege Allé 5. Kobbelhuset. Det tidligere porthus. Fredet 1973.* Erholmvej 25. Erholm. Hovedbygningen og de to sammenbyggede fløje om gårdpladsen (1851-54 af J.D. Herholdt). Fredet 1964.* Fåborgvej 108. Fåborgvej 108. Det trelængede bygningsanlæg (1780-90) i bindingsværk og stråtag bestående af det tifags fritliggende stuehus og de to symmetrisk beliggende udlænger, begge i fem fag, den ene med udskud og den anden forbundet med stuehuset ved en bindingsværksmur forsynet med en revledør - tillige med den brostensbelagte gårdsplads indrammet af bebyggelsen. F. 1994. Helnæs Byvej 3. Bogården. Den firelængede gård (stuehuset 1787, udlængerne 1880'erne).
    [Show full text]