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E. R. B UCKELL Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Kamloops, B

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E. R. B UCKELL Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Kamloops, B ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC. OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROC. (1949), VOL. 46, MAY 15, 1950 33 THE SOCIAL WASPS (VESPIDAE) OF BRITISH COLUMBIAl' E. R. B UCKELL Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Kamloops, B. C. AND G. J. SPENCER University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C. This paper on the social wasps of etts. for their determination. Frequent British Columbia has been prepared use has been made of Dr. Bequaert's from the collections in the Field Crop publications on the Vespidae (1931- Insect Laboratory, Kamloops, and the 1942), and many points of int,erest University of British Columbia, Van­ therein have been included in this paper. couver. The majority of the specimens were collected by the authors who are The localities from which material greatly indebted to Dr. J. Bequaert, has been recorded have been listed and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Har­ marked by a number on the accompany­ vard College, Cambridge, Massachus- ing map. Family VESPIDAE Vespa alascensis Packard, 1870, Trans. Chi­ cago Ac. Sci .• II. p. 27, PI. II. fig. 10 (I'; Subfamily VESPINAE (Lower Yukon, Alaska). Genus VESPULA C. G. Thomson Vespa westwoodii Shipp, 1893, Psyche, VI. The genus Vespula, with its two sub­ p. 450 (Boreal America). LOCALITIES - Vernon, Salmon Arm, Celista, genera, Vespula and Dolichovespula, in­ Squilax. Adams Lake, Chase, Kamloops, cludes the well known and pugnacious Douglas Lake, Minnie Lake, Bridge Lake, yellow-jackets and hornets. 100 Mile House, Canim Lake, Chilcotin, Alexandria, Quesnel. Barkerville, Prince The paper nests of yellow -jackets and George, Burns Lake, Yale, Skidegate. those of the large black and white, bald­ MATERIAL EXAMINED-24I' • 6 7 ~, 5 o. faced hornet are well known objects. A nest of V, vulgaris was found on The nesting habits of the species vary. September 26, 1943. in the ground on a They may be placed below ground, grassy slope in a stand of big timber on hanging from ceilings or between the Wheeler mountain near Kamloops. It walls of buildings, or suspended from had originally been as big as a man's the limbs of shrubs or trees from ground head but had been dug out by a bear and level up to considerable heights. They anI y a portion of the nest wall remained contain several horizontal strata of cells with a few wasps still present on it, enveloped by an outer covering of paper The paper of this nest had been made layers made of pulp gnawed from dry from the bark of the western yellow wood by the worker wasps. There is pine and was a beautiful golde~ yellow usually but one entrance hole placed colour with rich brown markmgs. It terminally or slightly laterally. differed considerably from the ordinary Wasps vary in abundance from year tough. grey paper of nests made by other to year and may sometimes occur in such species. and was quite brittle and flaky, numbers as to be a serious pest of fruit J, Bequaert ( 1931) in discussing and a great nuisance to people, as they nests of this species. records that a nest are quick tempered and their stings are dug up at Cold Spring Harbour. N. Y.. painful. by Mr. R. P. Dow, contained pupae of Subgenus Vespula the ichneumonid. Sphecophaga burra (Cresson) in some of the cells. "Before Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus) Vespa vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat.. pupating, the larva of this parasite closes 10th Ed., I. p. 572. the cell, some distance below the top. Vespa communis H. de Saussure. 1857, Stet­ with a brownish. silken partition. show­ tin. Ent. Zeitg .• XVIII. p. 117 ('f; North America) . ing a slightly depressed. translucid circle in the centre." po Contribution No. 2567, Division of Entomology, At Lac du Bois. Kamloops. during Science Senice. Department of Agriculture. Ottawa, ('anada. the last week in August. 1946. a small 34 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC . OF BRITISH COLUMB IA. PROC. (1949) . Val.. 46. MAY 15. 1950 nest of Vespula spp .. only some 6 inches out and eaten by a bear and the remain­ in diameter was poisoned at night with ing wasps had built up small nest areas calcium cyanide dust from a hand duster. at the side of the open hole. The fourth It was a very weak colony and the few ground nest had a well-defined mud wasps present fell out into long grass collar at the entrance and was at the base when the nes t was cut down from a low of a large rock on open rangeland. When trembling aspen. The combs were ex­ dug up on September 14 it contained amined shortly afterwards and nearly mainly queens and males. 20 cells contained brownish-yellow par­ Between the walls of houses where titions, exactly like those described it is completely dark. appears to be an­ above. The tiers nea r the top of the other favorite nesting site for this species. nest were honeycombed by smail lepi­ Two such nests were found in 1943 at dopterous larvae which had spun a small Salmon Arm. In the first instance the amount of loose silk. As far as possible. nesting site was entered through a crack all the cyanide was at once shaken out in a window casing some 12 fee t from and the nest was well aired and retained the ground and in the second instance in a cage to secure emergence of the para­ the wasps were entering through a nar­ sites and the moth scavengers but no row crack under the eaves. adults of any kind were obtained. It Bequaert (1931) states that in G. was noted that all of the silken parasite W. T aylor's account (1898). he men­ cocoon caps were slightly obliquely tions capturing 23 males and 4 females placed : none was at right angles to the of an interesting parasi tic wasp. Trigon­ axis of the cell. alys canadensis Harrington, at the en­ Vespula pensylvanica (H . de Saussure) . trance of V. pensyluanica nests in Brit­ Vespa pensylvanica H. de Saussure. 1857, ish Columbia. Stettin E nt. Zeitg. , XVIII. p . J 17 ('i'; North America. Canada and the mountains Vespula rufa var. atropilosa (Sladen) of Mexico). R. d u Buysson. J 905. Ann. Vespa atropilosa Sladen. 19 18. Ottawa Natur­ Soc. Ent. France, LXXIII, 4. ( 1904). p. alist. XXXII. p. 72 ('i' 1;\; Lethbridge. 6 15 ('i' 1;\ 6 ). Alberta; Vernon . Keremeos and Okanagan ifespa occidentalis Cresson. 1874 . T rans. Landing. British Columbia). Amer. E nt. Soc. , V . p. 100 ( 'i' 1;\. erro­ LOCALITIES - Fairview. Keremeos, Okanagan neously described as 'i' Cl ; Nevada and New Landing, Vernon . Salmon Arm. Adams Mexico). Not Vespa occidentalis Olivier. Lake. Kamloops, Douglas Lake. M innie 179 1. Lake. L ytton . Vancouver. LOCALITIES - Kaslo. O liver. Penticton. Sum­ MATER IAL EXAM INED-43'.' . 6 21;\. 35 0 . merland, Vernon. Salmon Arm. Celista. Adams Lake. Squilax. Chase. Prichard. Two nests of this wasp were exam­ Kamloops. Douglas Lake. Minnie Lake, ined on August 17. 1943: they were Lytton. Lillooet. Bridge Lake. Chilcotin, Quesnel. Barkerville. Vancouver. Gran­ built well below ground in a ditch bank. tham 's Landing. Victoria. Cowichan Lake. One nest was small. and contained Sidney . Departure Bay. only queens and workers. but the other MATER IAL EXAMINED-62 'i' . 154 1;\ . 59 0 . one was large and contained at least 50 Six nests of this species w ere exam­ queens, as well as many workers and ined in 1943, four of which were in the males . ground and two between the walls of The queens and workers in this nest wooden houses. showed very little variation in colour Of the nests in the ground, one was pattern but the males had two distinct in a ditch bank. and contained on colour patterns on the second tergite, i. e., similar to the queens. and with the August. many cr and 1;\ but only one 'i', black area enclosing yellow spots. Two whose wings had bee n chewed off. The males were unusual, one being very second was under a rotten birch stump h eavil y marked with black as in var. and had bee n torn out and eaten by a sladeni, and the other very light as in bear. The few remaining wasps were the queens. Two queens were wingless, busy repairing the nes t and building the wings having failed to form . again although fully exposed to the sun­ This is a bright yellow and black light. The third nest had also bee n dug wasp of large size. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOc. OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, PROC. (1949), VOL. 46, MAY 15, 1950 35 Vespula rufa var. sladeni Bequaert. Vespula austriacC! (Panzer). LOCALITIES-Revelstoke, Chase, Douglas Lake, Vespa austriaca Panzer. 1799, Faun. Ins. Kamloops. Minnie Lake, Quesnel. Tyee. German, VI. p. 63. PI. II (0; Vienna. Prince Rupert, Vancouver. Austria) . MATERIAL EXAMINED-19'i', 10ii, 100'. Vespa borealis F. Smith. 1843. The Zoolo­ gist, I. p. 170. Not Vespa borealis W. This is a western form described by Kirby, 1837. nor of Zetterstedt, 1840. Bequaert (1931) as an extreme melan­ Vespa acborea F. Smith, 1849. The Zoolo­ gist, VII. Appendix. p. 1 x (substitute istic variation of var. atropilosa, and name for Vespa borealis F. Smith. 1843). often resembles the two eastern varieties, Vespa tripunctata Packard, 1870, Trans. Chi­ acadica (Sladen) and vidua (H. de cago Ac. Sci., II, p. 26, PI. II. fig. II (holo­ type 'i' of Kutleet. Alaska, only). Not Saussure) . Vespa tcipunctata Fabricius, 1787, nor of This wasp appears to be far less com­ Schenck, 1 861. mon than the other varieties of V. rufa Vespa infernalis H. de Saussure. 1853. EI. which occur in British Columbia, name­ Fam. Vesp., II, p.
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