Língua E Literatura Japonesa Camila Carvalho Dos Anjos

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Língua E Literatura Japonesa Camila Carvalho Dos Anjos UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS FACULDADE DE LETRAS LETRAS - LÍNGUA E LITERATURA JAPONESA CAMILA CARVALHO DOS ANJOS ŌKAMI E MITOLOGIA JAPONESA ASSOCIAÇÃO DOS PERSONAGENS DO JOGO COM ELEMENTOS DA MITOLOGIA E DO FOLCLORE JAPONÊS Manaus 2020 CAMILA CARVALHO DOS ANJOS ŌKAMI E MITOLOGIA JAPONESA ASSOCIAÇÃO DOS PERSONAGENS DO JOGO COM ELEMENTOS DA MITOLOGIA E DO FOLCLORE JAPONÊS Monografia apresentada para fins de avaliação da disciplina Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso II como requisito para obtenção do título de licenciado em Letras – Língua e Literatura Japonesa da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, sob a orientação do professor Ernesto Atsushi Sambuichi. Manaus 2020 Anjos, Camila Carvalho dos A599o Okami e mitologia japonesa : Associação dos personagens do jogo com elementos da mitologia e do folclore japonês / Camila Carvalho dos Anjos . 2020 207 f.: il. color; 31 cm. Orientador: Ernesto Atsushi Sambuichi TCC de Graduação (Licenciatura Plena em Letras - Língua e Literatura Japonesa) - Universidade Federal do Amazonas. 1. Okami. 2. Personagem. 3. Mitologia Japonesa. 4. Videogame. 5. Monomito. I. Sambuichi, Ernesto Atsushi. II. Universidade Federal do Amazonas III. Título CAMILA CARVALHO DOS ANJOS ŌKAMI E MITOLOGIA JAPONESA ASSOCIAÇÃO DOS PERSONAGENS DO JOGO COM ELEMENTOS DA MITOLOGIA E DO FOLCLORE JAPONÊS Monografia apresentada para fins de avaliação da disciplina Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso II como requisito para obtenção do título de licenciado em Letras – Língua e Literatura Japonesa da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, sob orientação do professor Ernesto Atsushi Sambuichi. Aprovado em (nove de dezembro de dois mil e vinte). BANCA EXAMINADORA Prof. Me. Ernesto Atsushi Sambuichi, Presidente Universidade Federal do Amazonas Prof. Me. Rodrygo Yoshiyuki Tanaka, Membro Universidade Federal do Amazonas Prof. Dr. Cacio José Ferreira, Membro Universidade Federal do Amazonas RESUMO O presente trabalho trata de Ōkami - um jogo disponível em diversas plataformas de videogame - e tem como objetivo a análise das semelhanças e das diferenças entre os personagens deste com os da mitologia, bem como alguns contos folclóricos japoneses. Para isso, investigou-se a mitologia e o folclore do Japão e a maneira como os personagens de jogos são construídos. Além dos referenciais teóricos sobre esses temas, utilizou-se a categorização de Krawczyk e Novak (2006) que classificam os personagens conforme os arquétipos de personagens dos jogos de videogame, juntamente com a teoria do monomito de Joseph Campbell (2007), onde o herói dos mitos e contos traça um percurso circular de saída e volta à sua sociedade. Através de uma análise comparativa entre os dez personagens selecionados para a pesquisa, o estudo identificou o aproveitamento de vários aspectos das narrativas mitológicas, não se limitando aos aparentes como os nomes próprios dos personagens. Pôde-se averiguar também a utilização de narrativas folclóricas, bem como a identificação de alguns personagens originais do jogo - assim classificados por não haver elementos característicos suficientemente fortes para demonstrar sua ligação com as narrativas tradicionais. Dentre as distinções foi observado que o estúdio responsável pelo desenvolvimento do jogo optou por adaptar vários aspectos caracterizadores das narrativas de origem para a realidade fruitiva do jogador visando a uma melhor jogabilidade. Palavras-chave: Ōkami, Personagem, Mitologia Japonesa, Videogame, Monomito. ABSTRACT The present work deals about Ōkami - a game available on several video game platforms - and aims to analyze the similarities and differences among its characters and those of mythology, as well as some Japanese folk tales. To do this, was investigated the mythology and folklore of Japan and the way in which game characters are constructed. In addition to the theoretical references on these themes, Krawczyk and Novak (2006) categorization was used, which classify the characters according to the archetypes of characters in video games, together with Joseph Campbell's (2007) monomyth theory, where the hero of myths and tales traces a circular route of departure and returns to his society. Through a comparative analysis among the ten characters selected for the research, the study identified the use of various aspects of mythological narratives, not limited to the evident ones like the proper names of the characters. It was also possible to investigate the use of folkloric narratives, as well as the identification of some original characters of the game - thus classified as there are no characteristic elements strong enough to demonstrate their connection with traditional narratives. Among the distinctions, it was observed that the studio responsible for the game development chose to adapt several aspects that characterize the original narratives to the fruitive reality of the player, aiming at a better gameplay. Keywords: Ōkami, Character, Japanese Mythology, Video Game, Monomyth. 要約 本研究は、『大神』といった様々な対応機種及び絶景版で利用可能なビデオゲーム をテーマにし、ゲームキャラクターにおける日本神話・民話の人物との類似点と相 違点を分析し目的とした。そのため、まず日本神話・民話などを探究し、それと同 時にゲームキャラクターの創作設定を調べた。これらのテーマに直接関連する参考 資料に加え、ビデオゲームキャラクターの原型に基づく Krawczyk&Novak(2006)の 分類方法及び、J.Campbell(2007)の英雄の旅と帰還における輪廻神話論を中心に、 この研究を進めた。10 の登場人物に焦点を当て、比較分析上、名前がヒントとなる 特徴に限らず、それ以外の元となった物語の側面を使用されていることも特定でき た。一方キャラクター作りに神話・昔話の要素を大いに使用されているが、ある物 語に関連可能・所属している特徴が不十分だったというオリジナルキャラクターも 本研究で指摘したのである。また、いくつかの要素を適応させて元の話から離れた 側面においては、プレイヤーの関心を高めるためにより良いゲームプレイを目指し ていたゲーム企画・開発担当のスタジオの判断が原因だと考えられる。 キーワード:大神、ゲームキャラクター、日本神話、ビデオゲーム、輪廻神話論 LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 1 - Jornada do escritor x jornada do herói.....................................................................36 Figura 2 - O povo Ainu.............................................................................................................38 Figura 3 - Videogame x literatura.............................................................................................51 Figura 4 - Capa original do Jogo na versão HD para PS4........................................................57 Figura 5 - Mapa do Japão..........................................................................................................63 Figura 6 - Mapa de Nippon.......................................................................................................64 Figura 7 - O zodíaco chinês......................................................................................................67 Figura 8 - Lua de sangue...........................................................................................................72 Figura 9 - Último chefe do jogo roubando os poderes do jogador...........................................75 Figura 10 - Eclipse solar (à direita) e Amaterasu voltando com Waka para as planícies celestiais (esquerda)..................................................................................................................77 Figura 11 - Mandala feita por um fã representando os personagens de Ōkami, com a deusa Amaterasu sob a figura do avatar do jogo no centro.................................................................79 Figura 12 - Amaterasu dos mitos (esquerda) e do jogo (direita)...............................................82 Figura 13 - Ilustração de Susano...............................................................................................97 Figura 14 - Representação da divindade Susanoo..................................................................100 Figura 15 - Issun e o local de onde moram seus amigos.........................................................106 Figura 16 - Kai (direita) e Oki (esquerda) com suas respectivas transformações em “bestas” (cachorros). Com uma máscara verde, a personagem Lika....................................................109 Figura 17 - Representação dos Koro-pok-guru (a esquerda) e Issunbōshi (a direita).............111 Figura 18 - As duas ilustrações que estão em cima representam o rei Wada antes (direita) e após sua transformação (esquerda) e a imagem de baixo é o seu reino no fundo do mar.......116 Figura 19 - Urashima na versão jovem (à esquerda) e o casal Urashima (à direita)...............121 Figura 20 - Urashima Tarō dos contos retornando para sua cidade em cima do casco da tartaruga..................................................................................................................................126 Figura 21- Ilustração da princesa Kaguya...............................................................................129 Figura 22 - Um dos cães guerreiros dormindo dentro de um toco de bambu (aparece após cortá-lo)...................................................................................................................................132 Figura 23 - Ilustração da princesa Kaguya do folclore com saudades da lua.........................133 Figura 24 - Foguete de Kaguya (à esquerda) e o símbolo que consta nele que remete às fases da lua (á direita)......................................................................................................................135 Figura 25 - O avô de Kaguya usa uma roupa verde, casaco laranja, possui uma bengala e um utensílio nas costas feito de bambu.........................................................................................137 Figura 26 - Ilustração de Momotarō.......................................................................................139 Figura 27 - Ilha Oni (acima) e sua localização aproximada (abaixo).....................................144 Figura 28 - Representações de Momotarō..............................................................................145
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