Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02747-3 — English in the Caribbean Dagmar Deuber Index More Information
Index
a copula, – Baker, P., a, progressive, , , , Bakhtin, M. M., a/is, introductory, Barbados, linguistic influences from, accents, local, basilectalization, Aceto, M., , Bautista,M.L.S.,–, Acts of Identity (Le Page and be, –, , , , , –, –, , Tabouret-Keller ), , , –, acts of identity theory, , be-contractions, adjectives, zero copula before, , , be going to, , –, –, be like, – African American Vernacular English Beckford Wassink, A., , – (AAVE), , – Belize, , copula absence, Bell, A., –, , , past marking, ben past marker, , Afrogenesis theory, Bengali, agreement marking (on verbs), , –, Bhojpuri, , , – Biber, D., –, , , ain’t, –, , , , , Bickerton, D., , , , all you/you all, , –, Biewer, C., Alleyne, M. C., bilingual code-switching, – Allsopp, R., , , , , Bilingual Education Project (Jamaica), anti-formal/informal usage, –, , bilingualism, monoliterate, – Blake, R. A., Caribbean Standard English (definition), Blom, J-P., –, , , Bolonyai, A., Creolized English, –, Borley, C., , geographic labelling, born, , reductions of English structure, , British English, past tense modal use American English, , (can/could), , , – angloversals, , – notional concord, anti-formal/informal usage, –, , –, British National Corpus, –, – British RP, , any of, – broadcast news analysis, , , –, , Asian English, –, , –, , Assamese, absence of third person singular -s, , attitudes to languages, –, – – audience design theory, –, , , can/could use, , – Auer, P., – inter- and intratextual variation, – Australian English, noun morphology, – will/would use, , – Bahamian Creole, , Bahamian Standard English, calypso, Bahamian English, modal verbs, , Cameroonian English, Bailey, B. L., , use of will/would, 277
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278 Index
can/could/coulda, , , –, , , used in crossing, varieties of Caribbean English, Caribbean varieties, – written, – other varieties, – zero (informal) and overt (anti-formal), can’t (kyaan), –, – Cane Walk, – see also Jamaican Creole; Trinidadian Cardiff travel agent study (Coupland Creole /), – Creole continuum, –, –, –, careful speech, – origins, – Caribbean Lexicography Project, sociolinguistic view of, Carranza, I., Creolization, Carrington, L. D., , – Creolized English, – Cassidy, F. G., crossing (as code-switching), –, casual speech, – Chinese languages, D’Costa, J., Christie, P., , Dako, K., class lessons category, , –, , – dancehall music, agreement marking on verbs, – de copula, , , – copula forms, – DeCamp, D., , , – inter- and intratextual variation, –, decreolization, –, – Deterding, D., negation, Deuber, D., –, , , , , noun morphology, inter- and intratextual variation, –, past marking, pronoun morphology, modal verb usage, , , syntax of direct wh-questions, – comparative frequency analysis can/could, Coates, J., , code-switching, , –, topic-related style-shift, – and identity, – Devonish, H., , , markedness model, – Dictionary of Bahamian English (Holm and sociolinguistic research, –, , , Shilling), – Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage Collins, P. C., , , , (Allsopp), , , –, colonial plantation influence, – did, past marker, –, , –, computer-mediated communication (CMC), diglossia model, , –, , , discourse-related switching, corpus, , , , do-support, , –, , , concord structures, non-standard, wh-questions without, –, , consonant pronunciations, comparative, – contextualization cues, – does, , , conversations analysis, – habitual, , , , , –, , Jamaican, – , Trinidadian, , –, don’t, , –, , –, , copula done, as preverbal marker, Standard English, Dravidian languages, , forms, –, –, –, dub, see also zero copula duon, negator, –, corpus linguistics and sociolinguistics, – Coupland, N., –, – each of, – critique of acts of identity theory, Eckert, P., –, , identity contextualization processes, education, – situational vs metaphorical switching, influence on Standard English, – Educational Journal of Trinidad and Tobago, stylization, Craig, D., , – Edwards, W. F., – Creole, – eh, limited access conception, e-mail, –, –, –, linguistic geography, – Escure, G.,
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Index 279
ethnography of speaking, ICE-Canada, everybody, ICE-Great Britain, , , , –, , Facchinetti, R., – can/could use, fed up, ICE-India, , –, –, , fi, past marking, –, complementizer, wh-questions, Finegan, E., –, ICE-Jamaica, –, , , , –, , FLOB Corpus, folk speech, can/could use, , – formal speech, –, –, , , , intertextual variation (SA- to ), – framing, intratextual variation (SA- to ), French, – French Creole, quantitative analysis, – Frown corpus, , ICE-New Zealand, , , ICE-Philippines, , Ghanaian English, ICE-Singapore, , go ICE-Trinidad and Tobago, –, , future marker, can/could use, , – past inflection, – quantitative analysis, –, going (to)/gonna-futures, , , , , spoken text categories, –, , , broadcast news, –, , –, grammar, – grammatical concord, –, – class lessons, –, –, Greenbaum, S., conversations, –, –, Gujarati, unscripted speeches, –, –, Gumperz, J. J., –, , , , –, identities, construction of, – –, identity contextualization, –, , , Gupta, A.F., – Guyana, identity-related variation, –, identity theory, Hackert, S., –, indexical field, – had + past participle, –, , indexical order, Handbook of Varieties of English, – Indian English, , –, –, , , Hannah, J., , , , Harder They Come, The (Thelwell), , , indirect Creolism, – Indo-Aryan languages, , Harlem study (Labov), Eastern, have, inflection rates (past), –, – past inflection, – informal speech/language, + past participle construction, , vs formal, –, –, , , , have (got) to, Hewitt-Bradshaw, I., vs anti-formal, –, , –, –, Hilbert, M., , – Hindi, , -ing, Hinrichs, L., , , –, , , , , initiative style-shifts, – , , , , –, International Corpus of English (ICE), see Ho, M. L., , , , ICE (International Corpus of Hodge, M., , English) Holm, J. A., Internationally Accepted English, Huber, M., inversion, , – Huddleston, R., , Irish English, Hymes, D., –, , Irvine, A., , is/was, , – ICE (International Corpus of English), –, – Jamaica ICE-Australia, economy, –
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280 Index
Jamaica (cont.) main verb negation, –, , – language-in-education policy, – Mair, C., , , , , , , linguistic variation, – Malayalam, Ministry of Education Youth and Culture, Marathi, markedness model (code-switching), – population, Martha’s Vineyard study (Labov ), Jamaican Creole, –, may/might, attitudes to, –, McWhorter, J., attraction of, , me, possessive, in conversations, media copula forms, , –, –, – code-switching/style-shifting, – main verb negation, –, influence on Standard English, – modal verb forms, see also broadcast news analysis origins of, – Mendoza-Denton, N., – past marking, –, Mesthrie, R., , progressive forms, , metaphorical (code) switching, –, , , wh-questions, – –, – zero copula, , – metaphorical variation, , –, , zero and overt forms, , –, Jamaican English, see Standard Jamaican Meyerhoff, M., , English Miller, F., Jamaican Language Unit modal verbs, , , –, ‘Language Attitude Survey of Jamaica’, Caribbean varieties, – –, –, synchronic regional variation, – Bilingual Education Project, see also can/could/coulda; Jantos, S., , , will/would/woulda Mufwene, S. S., Kannada, Muhleisen,¨ S., , , Kendall, S., music, – Kenyan English, must, keying, Myers-Scotton, C., –, Kortmann, B., , , Kouwenberg, S., narrative, Kujore, O., nativization, kyaan (can’t), need to, kyan (can), negation, copula environments, – Labov, W., , , , , main verb, –, , – Lalla, B., , Nelson, G., language attitudes, –, – never/neva, , –, , , , language choice, New Englishes, , , – sequential patterns of, – ‘angloversals’ and language contact in, social meaning of, – – language contact effects, – modal verb usage, –, –, – language planning, – past marking, –, language-in-education, – style and social meaning, – Lawton, D., wh-questions, –, Le Page, R. B., New Englishes, The (Platt, Weber and Ho Leimgruber, J., – ), , Leung, G. A., newspapers, literary dialect, Niedzielski, N., literary writing, Nigerian English, loading, Nkemleke, D., London English vs London Jamaican no, preverbal, switching, – North American English, Longman Spoken and Written English Norwegian dialect, –, (LSWE) Corpus, , notional concord, –, –, –
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Index 281
noun morphology, , – past marking, noun phrase differences, plural nouns, use of will/would, , one of, – wh-questions without do-support, –, operators, – , Oriya, Santa Barbara corpus, say, Palmer,F.R., inflection rates, –, – past marking, –, –, , – unmarked past reference, past participles, umarking of, Schilling-Estes, N., , Patois, , –, , –, –, Schneider, E. W., , , – Patrick, P. L., –, , , , Sebba, M., – main verb negation, Sharma, D., –, , , past marking, –, –, , Shields, K., -s marking, Shields-Brodber, K., , Philippine English, use of will/would, Silverstein, M., –, Singapore English, –, –, , , Platt, J., , , , , – Postcolonial English (Schneider ), past marking, Primary School Syllabus for Language Arts use of will/would, , , in Trinidad and Tobago, Singlish, , – progressive be, – situational (code) switching, –, , , progressives, –, , , –, , – –, –, , – soca, pronoun morphology, –, –, social class, pronunciation, comparative, – copula use, – proximity concord, –, –, and stylistic variation, , – Pullum, G. K., , social profile and attitudes to language Punjabi, , varieties, –, Social Stratification of English in New York radio, Creole featured on, – City, The (Labov ), Rampton, B., , , –, , sociolinguistic behaviour, rural vs urban, rational choice model (of code-switching), – – sociolinguistic interview, – referee design, –, differences in style, –, reggae, sociolinguistics, register variation, – and corpus linguistics, – Rickford, J. R., , , , interactional, – copula absence, –, , variation and style, – participles, Solomon, D., , , – topic and style, South African Indian English, , Roberts, P. A., Spanish, Romaine, S., Spanish colonialism, Rosenfelder, I., speaker agency, –, rural vs urban sociolinguistic behaviour, speech accommodation theory, – speech, ethnography of, speech contexts, – -s, St Kitts, absence of genitive, St Lucia, plural marker, Standard(s of) English, third person singular, , , – attitudes towards, – Sand, A., analysis of news/radio data, , Caribbean, –, – , , , , – influence of educational system, – angloversals, – media influence, – code-switching and style-shifts, –, research, – proximity/grammatical concord, going-to-futures, –
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282 Index
Standard(s of) English (cont.) Trinidad as High Code, – development of style, – International, , , , , , , economy, – language in education policy, – motivation to acquire, – Language Arts syllabus (primary school), and news broadcasts, , – see also Standard Jamaican English; population, , Trinidadian Standard English Trinidadian Creole, – Standard English copula, attitudes to, – Standard Jamaican English, , , , copula forms, , – –, , , influence of Jamaican Creole, influence of, modal verb system, , – research on, – origins of, – similarity with ESL and ENL varieties, progressive forms, – syntax of direct wh-questions, – vowel systems, vowel systems, – vowel, pronunciation, zero copula, , –, – style variation, –, –, – zero and overt forms, – and construction of ethnic identity, Trinidadian Standard English, , , , and identity contextualization, Trudgill, P., – and social class variation, , –, unmarked past reference verbs, , , –, –, and situational/social variation, – unmarked third person singular present and speaker agency, – verbs, – and social meaning (New Englishes), unscripted speeches category, –, , – –, , –, see also style-shifting unu, –, Style and Sociolinguistic Variation (Eckert Urdu, and Rickford ), , style-shifting, –, , , , –, , varilingualism, – , – Veeton (Kingston), data from, – topic related, – verbs stylization, –, , , , agreement marking, , –, – styling, –, , , unmarked past reference, , , –, Szmrecsanyi, B., , , unmarked third person singular present, Tabouret-Keller, A., – Tamil, , see also modal verbs targeting, Ving, , , , , – Telugu, , voicing, , television, vowel systems, comparative, texts, – Thaxter, K. E., Wagner, C., , Thelwell, M., Walker, J. A., them/and them ‘we/they’ code distinction, , –, , plural marker, , , –, – as third person plural subject pronoun, Weber, H., , , , , West African languages, – there, – wh-questions, Tobago informal usage (without do-support), population, –, , , language in education policy, – lack of inversion/auxiliaries, sociolinguistic configuration, syntax of direct, –, – topic, – wi (will), vowel, will/would/woulda, , , –, –, Trinidad Guardian, –
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Index 283
Caribbean varieties, – you all/all you, , –, , other varieties, – Youssef, V., , , , habitual will, , –, – on Creole and Standard English, , habitual would, inter- and intratextual variation, –, Winer, L., , Winford, D., , –, , , modal verb usage, , – copula use, – varilingualism, – Creole continuum, –, –, , zero copula, , , does analysis, with adjectival predicates, –, –, language attitude study, , main verb negation, – with adjectives, , , –, , past marking, – – past reference, frequency in Jamaican Creole, – review of findings on style, with locative predicates, , – use of modal verbs, , – occurrence in Trinidadian Creole, , Wootton, T., – –, – would see will/would/woulda with progressives, , –, –, wouldn’t, –, , –
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