Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42537-7 — English Around the World 2Nd Edition Index More Information
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Pronunciation Features of Philippine English Vowels and Diphthongs 1
➢ Pronunciation Features of Philippine English Vowels and Diphthongs 1. Absence of contrast between /æ/ and /ɑ/ e.g. ‘cat’ /kæt/ →/kɑt/ 2. Diphthong shortening e.g. ‘mail’(/meɪl/) → ‘mill’ (/mɪl/) Consonants 3. Substitution of /f/ for /p/ e.g. ‘pin’ (/pɪn/) → ‘fin’(/fɪn/) 4. Substitution of /t/ for /θ/ e.g. ‘think’ (/θɪŋk/) → ‘Tink’ (/tɪŋk/) 5. Substitution of /d/ for /ð/ e.g. ‘there’(/ðeə/) → ‘dare’(/deə/) 6. Substitution of /ts/ for /tʃ/ e.g. ‘chair’(/tʃeə/) → (/tseə/) 7. Substitution of /dj/ for /dʒ/ e.g. ‘jealous’ (/ˈdʒeləs/) → (/ˈdjeləs/) 8. Substitution of /ds/ for /dʒ/ e.g. ‘passage’ (/ˈpæsɪdʒ/) → (/ˈpæsɪds/) 9. Unaspirated /p/, /t/ and /k/ 10. Prevoiced /b/, /d/, and /g/ in onset position 11. Neutralized /s/ and /z/ coda position ➢ Pronunciation Features of Indian English Vowels and Diphthongs 1. Long vowel shortening e.g. ‘seek’ (/siːk/)→‘sick’(/sɪk/) 2. diphthong shortening e.g. ‘mail’( /meɪl/) → ‘mill’ (/mɪl/) Consonants 3. Substitution of /ʈ/ for /t/ e.g. ‘tidy’ (/ˈtaɪdi/) → (/ˈʈaɪdi/) 4. Substitution of /ɖ/ for /d/ e.g. ‘desk’ (/desk/) → (/ɖesk/) 5. Substitution of /t/ for /d/ e.g. ‘feed’(/fiːd/) → ‘feet’(/fiːt/) 6. Substitution of /ʂ/ for /s/ e.g. ‘sing’ (/sɪŋ/) → (/ʂɪŋ/) 7. Substitution of /ʐ/ for /z/ e.g. ‘zoo’ (/zuː/) → (/ʐuː/) 8. Substitution of / ɭ / for /l/ e.g. ‘light’ (/laɪt/) → (/ɭaɪt/) 9. Substitution of /f/ for /v/ e.g. ‘gave’ (/geɪv/) → (/geɪf/) 10. Substitution of /v/ for /w/ e.g. ‘wet’ (/wet/) → ‘vet’ (/vet/) 11. Absence of contrast between /f/ and /p/ e.g. ‘pin’ (/pɪn/) ⇄ ‘fin’(/fɪn/) or vice versa 12. Absence of contrast between /s/ and /ʃ/ e.g. -
Tagalog-English Code Switching As a Mode of Discourse
Asia Pacific Education Review Copyright 2004 by Education Research Institute 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 226-233. Tagalog-English Code Switching as a Mode of Discourse Maria Lourdes S. Bautista De La Salle University-Manila Philippines The alternation of Tagalog and English in informal discourse is a feature of the linguistic repertoire of educated, middle- and upper-class Filipinos. This paper describes the linguistic structure and sociolinguistic functions of Tagalog-English code switching (Taglish) as provided by various researchers through the years. It shows that the analysis of Taglish began with a linguistic focus, segmenting individual utterances into sentences and studying the switch points within the sentence. Other studies were more sociolinguistic in nature and investigated the functions of code switching. Recently, Taglish has been viewed as a mode of discourse and a linguistic resource in the bilingual’s repertoire. New theoreticians working within a Critical Discourse Analysis framework are seeing Taglish as a reaction to the hegemonizing tendencies of Philippine society and modern life. Key Words: code switching, code mixing, discourse analysis, Tagalog, English in the Philippines 1Foreigners who visit Manila or other urban areas in the English in the same discourse or conversation (Gumperz, Philippines for the first time are struck by the phenomenon of 1982); it is the use of Tagalog words, phrases, clauses, and hearing snatches of conversation that they can understand sentences in English discourse, or vice-versa. The term is also because part of the conversation is recognizably in English, occasionally used generically for the switching that takes but at the same time feel completely lost when listening to the place between a Philippine language (not necessarily Tagalog) other parts of the conversation. -
Two Introductory Texts on Using Statistics for Linguistic Research and Two Books Focused on Theory
1. General The four books discussed in this section can be broadly divided into two groups: two introductory texts on using statistics for linguistic research and two books focused on theory. Both Statistics for Linguists: A Step-by-Step Guide for Novices by David Eddington and How to do Linguistics with R: Data Exploration and Statistical Analysis by Natalia Levshina offer an introduction to statistics and, more specifically, how it can be applied to linguistic research. Covering the same basic statistical concepts and tests and including hands- on exercises with answer keys, the textbooks differ primarily in two respects: the choice of statistical software package (with subsequent differences reflecting this choice) and the scope of statistical tests and methods that each covers. Whereas Eddington’s text is based on widely used but costly SPSS and focuses on the most common statistical tests, Levshina’s text makes use of open-source software R and includes additional methods, such as Semantic Vector Spaces and making maps, which are not yet mainstream. In his introduction to Statistics for Linguists, Eddington explains choosing SPSS over R because of its graphical user interface, though he acknowledges that ‘in comparison to SPSS, R is more powerful, produces better graphics, and is free’ (p. xvi). This text is therefore more appropriate for researchers and students who are more comfortable with point-and-click computer programs and/or do not have time to learn to manoeuvre the command-line interface of R. Eddington’s book also has the goal of being ‘a truly basic introduction – not just in title, but in essence’ (p. -
Resources for Philippine Languages: Collection, Annotation, and Modeling
PACLIC 30 Proceedings Resources for Philippine Languages: Collection, Annotation, and Modeling Nathaniel Ocoa, Leif Romeritch Syliongkaa, Tod Allmanb, Rachel Edita Roxasa aNational University 551 M.F. Jhocson St., Sampaloc, Manila, PH 1008 bGraduate Institute of Applied Linguistics 7500 W. Camp Wisdom Rd., Dallas, TX 75236 {nathanoco,lairusi,todallman,rachel_roxas2001}@yahoo.com The paper’s structure is as follows: section 2 Abstract discusses initiatives in the country and the various language resources we collected; section In this paper, we present our collective 3 discusses annotation and documentation effort to gather, annotate, and model efforts; section 4 discusses language modeling; various language resources for use in and we conclude our work in section 5. different research projects. This includes those that are available online such as 2 Collection tweets, Wikipedia articles, game chat, online radio, and religious text. The Research works in language studies in the different applications, issues and Philippines – particularly in language directions are also discussed in the paper. documentation and in corpus building – often Future works include developing a involve one or a combination of the following: language web service. A subset of the “(1) residing in the place where the language is resources will be made temporarily spoken, (2) working with a native speaker, or (3) available online at: using printed or published material” (Dita and http://bit.ly/1MpcFoT. Roxas, 2011). Among these, working with resources available is the most feasible option given ordinary circumstances. Following this 1 Introduction consideration, the Philippines as a developing country is making its way towards a digital age, The Philippines is a country in Southeast Asia which highlights – as Jenkins (1998) would put it composed of 7,107 islands and 187 listed – a “technological culture of computers”. -
Canadian and Cameroonian English-Speaking University Students’ Compliment Strategies
International Journal of Linguistics ISSN 1948-5425 2013, Vol. 5, No. 3 Canadian and Cameroonian English-Speaking University Students’ Compliment Strategies Bernard Mulo Farenkia Department of Languages and Letters, Cape Breton University P) Box 5300, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P6L2, Canada Tel: 1-902-563-1870 E-mail: [email protected] Received: April 10, 2013 Accepted: May 8, 2013 Published: June 25, 2013 doi:10.5296/ijl.v5i3.3900 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v5i3.3900 Abstract This paper addressees compliment strategies in two regional varieties of English, namely Cameroon English and Canadian English. Data were collected through written Discourse Completion Tasks with 25 Canadian and 25 Cameroonian University students. The study examines similarities and differences between the two groups with regards to move structure and the head act strategies, the use of lexical and syntactic / stylistic devices and the use of supportive moves in six different situations. It was found that the Cameroonians show a very strong preference for single heads whereas the Canadians mostly favor multiple heads and that the Cameroonians use indirect compliments much more than the Canadians. The results reveal that the Canadians employ more lexical elements (adjectives, adverbs, verbs) than the Cameroonians. With regard to external modification of the core compliments, the findings suggest that the Canadians use much more supportive moves, i.e. pre-compliments and post-compliments, than the Cameroonians. Some differences were also found with regard to the situational distribution and types of internal and external modification devices. Keywords: Compliment, Politeness, Regional variation, Cameroon English, Canadian English 69 www.macrothink.org/ijl International Journal of Linguistics ISSN 1948-5425 2013, Vol. -
1 Plenary Speakers World Non-Standard Englishes
Plenary Speakers World non-standard Englishes: Reflections on the global spread of (some) non-standard varieties of English Christian Mair (University of Freiburg) Globalisation has helped the spread and further entrenchment of Standard English in many obvious ways. What is discussed less often is the fact that globalisation has helped the spread of other languages, and of selected non-standard varieties of English, too. After a brief introduction, in which I will discuss the role of English in a globalising and multilingual world, I will trace the transnational impact of selected non-standard varieties of English, exemplifying the phenomenon mainly with data from Jamaican Creole, but casting an additional look into the direction of New Englishes from West Africa and India. It will emerge that, expectedly, non-standard varieties of English spread in the wake of global currents of migration but, probably less expectedly, the participatory media of the Internet age have assumed a crucial additional role in the process, too. In my view, this calls for a re-assessment of some time-honoured assumptions in sociolinguistics/ EWL studies, such as the primacy of the „authentic“ locally based community vernacular or the central status of the notion of „variety of English“. As I shall argue, many of the concerns raised in the paper can be addressed by conducting the study of varieties of English, World Englishes or New Englishes in the framework of the „sociolinguistics of mobile resources“ recently proposed by Blommaert to account for new types of language use, language spread and language contact in a globalising and multilingual world. -
French and British Colonial Legacies in Education: a Natural Experiment in Cameroon
French and British Colonial Legacies in Education: A Natural Experiment in Cameroon Yannick Dupraz∗ 2015 most recent version: http://www.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/IMG/pdf/ jobmarket-paper-dupraz-pse.pdf Abstract. | Does colonial history matter for development? In Sub-Saharan Africa, economists have argued that the British colonial legacy was more growth-inducing than others, especially through its effect on education. This paper uses the division of German Kamerun between the British and the French after WWI as a natural experiment to identify the causal effect of colonizer identity on education. Using exhaustive geolocated census data, I estimate a border discontinuity for various cohorts over the 20th century: the British effect on education is positive for individuals of school age in the 1920s and 1930s; it quickly fades away in the late colonial period and eventually becomes negative, favoring the French side. In the most recent cohorts, I find no border discontinuity in primary education, but I do find a positive British effect in secondary school completion | likely explained by a higher rate of grade repetition in the francophone system. I also find a strong, positive British effect on the percentage of Christians for all cohorts. I argue that my results are best explained by supply factors: before WWII, the British colonial government provided incentives for missions to supply formal education and allowed local governments to open public schools, but the British effect was quickly smoothed away by an increase in French education investments in the late colonial period. Though the divergence in human capital did not persist, its effect on religion was highly persistent. -
Translation in Brunei Darussalam
Actes. volum II. 9/12/97 12:33 P‡gina 663 Actes del II Congrés Internacional sobre Traducció, UAB 663-685 Translation in Brunei Darussalam Brian D. Smith Traductor 1. INTRODUCTION Brunei Darussalam is a small and wealthy Malay Islamic sultanate on the North West coast of Borneo. Once, the dominant power of the Borneo coast as far north as the Philippines Brunei saw its power and territory reduced in the 19th century, when external pressures forced the loss of Sarawak to Rajah Brooke and Sabah to the British North Borneo Company. In the late 19th century a steady deterioration in economic and political stability led the British Government to impose a resident in 1906 with authority to reorganize the administration and revenue systems and to provide a measure of stable government. The discovery of oil in the late 1920s resulted in great prosperity, though only slow national development. After the Japanese occupation, which passed relatively calmly for the local population, economic development gradually gathered pace. Internal independence came in 1959 and full independence in 1984. National wealth consists mainly of oil revenues, though there are slow, but determined efforts to diversify into commerce and industry so as to counteract the exhaustion of oil resources expected in the next century. Recent national development plans have placed emphasis on the development of human resources through education and training to support diversification. The most striking factor in Brunei’s development has been the transition from absolute poverty at the turn of the century, through a period of gradual increase in prosperity until the 1950s, when there were still few roads, little education and only basic infrastructure, to a takeoff in the 1960s when Brunei rapidly became a modern society with a high standard of living for the majority of the population. -
Cameroonian ESL Teachers' Linguistic Perceptions and The
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-5766 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0484 (Online) DOI: 10.7176/RHSS Vol.9, No.14, 2019 Cameroonian ESL Teachers’ Linguistic Perceptions and the Phonological Aspects of Their English Julius M. Angwah University of Yaounde I Abstract Despite the popular credence that the nature of English in Cameroon shifts significantly from Standard British English, ESL teachers seem to think differently about their competencies in the English language. This study investigated the correlation between Cameroonian ESL teachers’ linguistic perceptions and the phonological aspects of their English. Three theoretical paradigms guided the study – Labov’s (1966) correlation model, Kachru’s (1985) World Englishes Paradigm and Corder’s (1967) Error Analysis. A total of 75 Secondary School teachers of English, from five regions of the country, constituted the sampled population of the study. A questionnaire, with close and open-ended questions, was constructed to gain an understanding of their linguistic perceptions. A test of 10 sentences, with targeted phonological variables /dʒ, tʃ, ð, θ, ə, з, əu, əʊə, and aʊə/, was conceived and the informants were asked to read them aloud while the investigators tap-recorded their phonological renditions. The data was then transcribed and compared to their linguistic perceptual claims. The results revealed a significant gap between the respondents’ linguistic perceptions and the phonological aspects of their English. This led us to the conclusion that there is the dire need for the establishment of a feasible target variety that is attainable and does not pose any major problem of intelligibility to speakers of other varieties of English, especially the native varieties. -
The Handbook of World Englishes
The Handbook of World Englishes THOA01 1 19/07/2006, 11:33 AM Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics This outstanding multi-volume series covers all the major subdisciplines within lin- guistics today and, when complete, will offer a comprehensive survey of linguistics as a whole. Already published: The Handbook of Child Language The Handbook of Language and Gender Edited by Paul Fletcher and Brian Edited by Janet Holmes and MacWhinney Miriam Meyerhoff The Handbook of Phonological Theory The Handbook of Second Language Edited by John A. Goldsmith Acquisition Edited by Catherine J. Doughty and The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Michael H. Long Theory Edited by Shalom Lappin The Handbook of Bilingualism Edited by Tej K. Bhatia and The Handbook of Sociolinguistics William C. Ritchie Edited by Florian Coulmas The Handbook of Pragmatics The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences Edited by Laurence R. Horn and Edited by William J. Hardcastle and Gregory Ward John Laver The Handbook of Applied Linguistics The Handbook of Morphology Edited by Alan Davies and Edited by Andrew Spencer and Catherine Elder Arnold Zwicky The Handbook of Speech Perception The Handbook of Japanese Linguistics Edited by David B. Pisoni and Edited by Natsuko Tsujimura Robert E. Remez The Handbook of Linguistics The Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Edited by Mark Aronoff and Janie Volumes I–V Rees-Miller Edited by Martin Everaert and The Handbook of Contemporary Syntactic Henk van Riemsdijk Theory The Handbook of the History of English Edited by Mark Baltin and Chris Collins Edited by Ans van Kemenade and The Handbook of Discourse Analysis Bettelou Los Edited by Deborah Schiffrin, Deborah The Handbook of English Linguistics Tannen, and Heidi E. -
International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Directory of Open Access Journals International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies Journal homepage: http://www.eltsjournal.org Decline in spoken English on Anglophone campuses in the Francophone Regions in Cameroon [PP: 11-22] Fonka Hans Mbonwuh PK Fokam Institute of Excellence, Yaounde, Cameroon ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History Anglo-Saxon campuses in the Francophone section of the country instruct The paper received their learners in English Language. This paper examines the language used out of on: 30/04/2014 class by learners after receiving instructions in English in the classroom. Two Accepted after secondary and one higher institutes of learning, which have English as the peer-review on: language of instruction, were sampled. From the observation, which was 15/05/2014 conducted by silently monitoring pairs or groups of learners conversing with one Published on: another, it was discovered that the most spoken language by learners is French. 01/06/2014 French is just a subject in some of these institutions. The reason for French being highly spoken language on Anglophone campuses is the fact that more Keywords: Francophones attend these schools than Anglophones and Anglophones struggle Anglophones campus, to speak French rather than English since they believe that it is already their Francophones, language. The consequences of “frenchifying” the Anglophone campuses is that Language decline, spoken French is on the steady rise while spoken English is on the steady decline English language even among Anglophones on these campuses. This paper therefore proposes that learners, the use of English, out of the classroom, should be encouraged through Pidgin and Creole sensitization and rewards. -
Becoming Bruneian
Becoming Bruneian Negotiating cultural and linguistic identities in the 21st century Breda O’Hara-Davies Doctor of Philosophy 2017 Certificate of Original Authorship I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that this thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research work and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Signature of candidate ________________________ ii Negara Brunei Darussalam iii Acknowledgments This long journey has been nothing if not emotional. I would now like to thank the many people who have supported me along the way. To my renowned supervisor, Professor Alastair Pennycook: You have been endlessly patient and understanding. Your insightful feedback and probing comments have guided me to produce what is hopefully a more focused account. Reading your body of work continues to inspire me to rethink my identity as language teacher and to adopt a critical approach to everything that this involves. To Associate Professor Liam Morgan, thank you for your enthusiastic support for my topic and for rescuing me when I almost gave up. To the wonderful participants who took part so graciously in this research and who have allowed me into their minds and hearts: Your friendship, trust and belief in me are truly humbling. I hope I have done justice to your contributions.