Selected Bibliography

Achim, Viorel, ed. Documente privind deportarea ţiganilor în Transnistria [Documents Pertaining to the Deportations of Gypsies to Transnistria]. : Editura Enciclopedică, 2004. Actorul şi sălbaticii [The Actor and the Savages]. Dir. Manole Marcus. , 1974. Adorno, Theodor. Lectures on Negative Dialectics. New York: Polity, 2008. Alexander, Jeffrey. Remembering . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Agamben, Giorgio. Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive. Trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen. New York: Zone Books, 1999. Alighieri, Dante. Inferno. Trans. Allen Mandelbaum. New York: Banta, 1992. All That Remains. Dir. Zoltan Terner. Israel, 1999. Amishai- Maisels, Ziva. “Art Confronts the Holocaust.” After Auschwitz: Responses to the Holocaust in Contemporary Art. Ed. Monica Bohm- Duchen. Sunderland & : Northern Centre for Contemporary Art, in association with Lund Humphries, 1995. Ancel, Jean. Preludiu la asasinat: Pogromul de la Iaşi, 29 iunie 1941 [The Prelude to the Assassinations: The Pogrom of Iaşi, 29 June 1941]. Trans. Carol Bines. Iaşi: Polirom, 2005. ———. Contribuţii la istoria României. Problema evreiască [Contributions to the : The Jewish Problem]. Bucharest: Hasefer, 2003. ———. Transnistria. Bucharest: Atlas, 1998. Appelfeld, Aharon. The Story of a Life. Trans. Aloma Halter. New York: Schocken Books, 2004. ———. Sippur Haim [The Story of a Life]. Jerusalem: Keter, 1999. ———. Ice Mine [in Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Keter, 1997. ———. Beyond Despair: Three Lectures and a Conversation with Philip Roth. Trans. Jeffrey M. Green. New York: Fromm, 1994. ———. Tzili: The Story of a Life. Trans. Dalya Bilu. New York: Grove Press, 1983. ———. The Age of Wonders. Trans. Dalya Bilu. Boston: David R. Godine, 1981. Arendt, Hannah. The Origins of Totalitarianism. San Diego, New York, London: Harcourt, 1968. ———. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. New York: Penguin, 1963. Aschenberg, Reinhold. Ent- Subjektivierung des Menschen: Lager und Shoah in phil- osophischer Reflexion. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2003. 252 / selected bibliography

Avneri, Arieh. Czernowitz, kehilot Israel bagola [Czernowitz, Jewish Communities in the Diaspora]. Tel- Aviv: Beit Lohamei Hagettaot, 1971. Badiou, Bertrand et al., eds. Ingeborg Bachmann – Paul Celan. Der Briefwechsel. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2008. Bal, Mieke. Introduction. Acts of Memory: Cultural Recall in the Present. Eds. Mieke Bal, Jonathan Crewe, and Leo Spitzer. Hanover: University Press of New England, 1999. Barthes, Roland. Oeuvres Complètes. Tome II: 1966–1973. : Éditions du Seuil, 1994. Bartkowski, Frances. Travellers, Immigrants, Inmates: Essays in Estrangement. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995. Bartov, Omer. The “Jew” in Cinema: From The Golem to Don’t Touch my Holocaust. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005. Baudrillard, Jean. Simulations. New York: Semiotext[e], 1983. ———. America. Trans. Chris Turner. New York: Verso, 1989. Benjamin, Lya, ed. Evreii din România între anii 1940–1944 [The Jews in Romania 1940–1944]. Bucharest: Hasefer, 1993. Bercovici, Israil. O sută de ani de teatru evreiesc în România [One Hundred Years of Jewish Theater in Romania]. Bucharest: Integral, 1998. Bettelheim, Bruno. Surviving and Other Essays. New York: Knopf, 1979. Bican, Bianca. Die Rezeption Paul Celans in Rumänien. Vienna: Studia Transsylvanica, 2005. Blanchot, Maurice. The Writing of the Disaster. Trans. Ann Smock. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995. Bohm- Duchen, Monica. Arnold Daghani. London: Diptych, 1987. Boia, Lucian. Romania: Borderland of Europe. London: Reaktion Books, 2001. Bollack, Jean and Werner Wögerbauer. Dichtung wider Dichtung. Paul Celan und die Literatur. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2006. Braham, Randolph L. Genocide and Retribution: The Holocaust in Hungarian- Ruled Northern . Boston: Kluwer- Nijhoff, 1983. Brenner, Hedwig. Mein 20. Jahrhundert. Brugg, Switzerland: Munda, 2006. Budick, Emily Miller. Aharon Appelfeld’s Fiction: Acknowledging the Holocaust. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005. Buck, Theo. “Paul Celan’s Todesfuge.” Gedichte von Paul Celan. Interpretationen. Ed. Hans-Michael Speier. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2002. 9–27. Butnaru, Ion C. The Silent Holocaust: Romania and its Jews. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992. Călătoria lui Gruber [Gruber’s Journey]. Dir. Radu Gabrea. Transilvania Films, 2008. Calinescu, Matei. Five Faces of Modernity: , Avant- garde, Decadence, Kitsch, Postmodernism. Durham: Duke University Press, 1987. Carp, Matatias. Cartea neagră: Suferinţele evreilor din România 1940–1944 [The Black Book: The Suffering of the Romanian Jews, 1940–1944]. Bucharest: 1946–1948. Caruth, Cathy. Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. Celan, Paul. Strette & Autres Poèmes. Paris: Mercure de , 1990. ———. Der Meridian und andere Prosa. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1988. selected bibliography / 253

Coldewey, Gaby et al., eds. Zwischen Pruth und Jordan: Lebenserinnerungen Czernowitzer Juden. Cologne: Böhlau, 2003. Colin, Amy D., ed. Paul Celan—Edith Silbermann. Zeugnisse einer Freundschaft. Gedichte, Briefwechsel, Erinnerungen. Paderborn: Fink, 2009. Comisia Internaţională pentru Studierea Holocaustului în România. Raport Final. Iaşi: Polirom, 2005. Crohmălniceanu, Ovidiu S. Al doilea suflu. Bucharest: Cartea Românească, 1989. Daghani, Arnold. 1942, 1943, and Thereafter (Sporadic records till 1977). 1942– 1977. Unpublished folio, Arnold Daghani Collection, University of Sussex. ———. What a Nice World. 1943–1977. Unpublished book, Arnold Daghani Collection, University of Sussex. ———. Groapa este în livada de vişini. Bucharest: SOCEC, 1947. ———. Lasst mich leben! Tel Aviv: Weg und Ziel Verlag, 1960. ———. “The Grave is in the Cherry Orchard.” Adam: International Review. Ed. Miron Grindea. 291–292–293 (1961). ———. Let Me Live. 1980s. Unpublished authorized manuscript, Arnold Daghani Collection, University of Sussex. Deletant, Dennis. Hitler’s Forgotten Ally: Antonescu and His Regime, Romania 1940–1944. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. Diner, Dan. Gegenläufige Gedächtnisse. Über Geltung und Wirkung des Holocaust. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprech, 2007. Dmitrieva-Einhorn, Marina, ed. Paul Celan—Erich Einhorn: du weißt um die Steine. : Friedenauer Presse, 1999. Eliade, Mircea. Jurnal portughez şi alte scrieri. Bucharest: Humanitas, 2006. ———. The Forbidden Forest. Trans. Mac Linscott Ricketts and Mary Park Stevenson. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1978. Encarnação, Gilda. Fremde Nähe: Das Dialogische als poetisches und poetologisches Prinzip bei Paul Celan. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2007. Eskenasy, Victor. “The Holocaust and Romanian Historiography: Communist and Neo-Communist Revisionism.” Ed. Randolph Braham. The Tragedy of the Romanian Jewry. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. 173–236. Felstiner, John. Paul Celan: Poet, Survivor, Jew. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995. Fichman, Pearl. Before Memories Fade. N.p.: Booksurge Publishing, 2005. Fisher, Julius. Transnistria: The Forgotten Cemetery. New York: Yoseloff, 1969. Florian, Alexandru, Lya Benjamin, and Anca Ciuciu, eds. Cum a fost posibil? Evreii din România în perioada Holocaustului [How Was It Possible? The Romanian Jews during the Holocaust] Bucharest: INSHR, 2007. France- Lanord, Hadrien. Paul Celan und Martin Heidegger. Vom Sinn eines Gesprächs. Trans. Jürgen Gedinat. Freiburg in Breisgau: Rombach, 2007. Friedlander, Henry. The Origins of Nazi Genocide. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. Getzler, Nathan. “Tagebuchblätter aus Czernowitz und Transnistrien (1941– 1942).” Geschichte der Juden in der Bukowina. Vol. II. Ed. Hugo Gold. Tel Aviv: Olamenu, 1962. Gold, Hugo, ed. Geschichte der Juden in der Bukovina. Vol II. “Moghilew.” Tel- Aviv: Olamenu, 1962. 254 / selected bibliography

Gold, Ruth Glasberg. Ruth’s Journey: A Survivor’s Memoir. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996. Grözinger, Elvira. Die jiddische Kultur im Schatten der Diktaturen. Israil Bercovici— Leben und Werk. Berlin/Vienna: Philo, 2002. Guterman, Simha. Le livre retrouvé. Ed. Nicole Lapierre. Trans. Aby Wieviorka. Paris: Plon, 1991. Guţu, George. Die Lyrik Paul Celans und die rumänische Dichtung der Zwischenkriegszeit. Bucharest: University of Bucharest Press, 1994. Hartman, Geoffrey H. The Longest Shadow: In the Aftermath of the Holocaust. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996. Hausleitner, Mariana. Die Rumänisierung der Bukowina. : Oldenbourg, 2001. ———, Brigitte Mihok, and Juliane Wetzel, eds. Rumänien und der Holocaust. Zu den Massenverbrechen in Transnistrien 1941–1944. Berlin: Metropol, 2000. Heinen, Armin. Rumänien, der Holocaust und die Logik der Gewalt. München: Oldenbourg, 2007. Hilberg, Raul. The Destruction of the European Jews. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003. Hillesum, Etty. A Diary 1941–43. Trans. Arnold J. Pomerans. London: Cape, 1983. Hirsch, Marianne and Leo Spitzer. Ghosts of Home: The Afterlife of Czernowitz in Jewish Memory. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009. Hirsch, Marianne. Family Frames: Photography, Narrative, and Postmemory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997. Hoffman, Eva. After such Knowledge: Memory, History, and the Legacy of the Holocaust. New York: Public Affairs, 2004. Huyssen, Andreas. Present Pasts: Urban Palimpsests and the Politics of Memory. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003. Institutul Român de Istorie Recentă. Holocaustul evreilor români. Din mărturiile supravieţuitorilor [The Holocaust of the Romanian Jews: Survivors’ Testimonies]. Iaşi: Polirom, 2004. Ioanid, Radu, Michelle Kelso, and Luminiţa Cioabă, Tragedia romilor deportaţi în Transnistria 1942–1945. Mărturii şi documente [The Tragedy of Romani Deportees to Transnistria 1942–1945: Testimonies and Documents]. Iaşi: Polirom, 2009. Ioanid, Radu. The Holocaust in Romania: The Fate of Jews and Gypsies in Fascist Romania, 1940–1944. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2000. ———. The Sword of the Archangel: Fascist Ideology in Romania. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs. Distr. by Columbia University Press, 1990. Ionesco, Eugène. Rhinoceros and Other Plays. New York: Grove Press, 1994. Ionescu, Mihail, ed. The Holocaust and Romania: History and Contemporary Significance. Bucharest/Tel Aviv: Institute for Political Studies of Defense and Military, 2003. Ivanović, Christine. Das Gedicht im Geheimnis der Begegnung. Dichtung und Poetik Celans im Kontext seiner russischen Lektüren. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1996. Kafka, Franz. Briefe 1902–1924. Ed. Max Brod. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1975. Kareţki, Aurel and Maria Covaci. Zile însângerate la Iaşi, 1941 [Bloody Days in Iaşi, 1941]. Bucharest: Editura Politică, 1978. selected bibliography / 255

Kleindienst, Robert. Beim Tode! Lebendig! Paul Celan im Kontext von Roland Barthes’ Autorkonzept; Eine poetologische Konfrontation. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2007. Krings, Annette. Die Macht der Bilder. Zur Bedeutung der historischen Fotografien des Holocaust in der politischen Bildung. Berlin: Lit, 2006. Krohn, Claus- Dieter and Irmela von der Lühe. Fremdes Heimatland. Remigration und literarisches Leben nach 1945. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2005. Kuller, Hary. Evreii in România anilor 1944–1949 [The Jews in Romania, 1944– 1949]. Bucharest: Hasefer, 2002. Laignel- Lavastine, Alexandra. Cioran, Eliade, Ionesco. L’oubli du fascisme : trois intellectuels roumains dans la tourmente du siècle. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2002. Lamping, Dieter. Von Kafka bis Celan. Jüdischer Diskurs in der deutschen Literatur des 20. Jahrhunderts. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1998. Lengyel, Olga. Five Chimneys: The Story of Auschwitz. Chicago: Ziff-Davis, 1947. Levi, Primo. The Drowned and the Saved. Trans. Raymond Rosenthal. New York: Random House, 1989. Lewy, Guenther. The Nazi Persecution of the Gypsies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Malaparte, Curzio. Kaputt. Trans. Cesare Foligno. New York: New York Review Books, 2005. ———. Kaputt. Trans. Eugen Uricaru. Addendum Mihail . Bucharest: Univers, 1999. Manea, Norman. The Hooligan’s Return. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003. ———. Casa Melcului [Snail’s House]. Bucharest: Hasefer, 1999. ———. Sertarele exilului—Dialog cu Leon Volovici [The Drawers of Exile— Conversations with Leon Volovici]. Iaşi: Polirom, 2008. ———. Înaintea despărţirii—Convorbire cu Saul Bellow [Before Parting— Conversation with Saul Bellow]. Iaşi: Polirom, 2008. Massoff, Ioan and Radu Tănase. Constantin Tănase. Bucharest: Editura Uniunii Compozitorilor din Republica Socialistă România, 1970. Michaels, Anne. Fugitive Pieces. London: Bloomsbury, 1998. Neiman, Susan. Evil in Modern Thought. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006. Olschner, Leonard. Im Abgrund der Zeit. Paul Celans Poetiksplitter. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2007. Ornea, Zigu. Anii treizeci: Extrema dreaptă românească [The 30s: The Romanian Extreme Right]. Bucharest: Editura Fundaţiei Culturale Române, 1995. Pătrăşcanu, Lucreţiu. Problemele de bază ale României [Romania’s Basic Problems]. Bucharest: SOCEC, 1944. Popovici, Traian. Spovedania Testimony. Ed. Th. Wexler. Trans. Viviane Prager. Bucharest: Fundaţia Dr. W. Filderman, 2001. Presner, Todd Samuel. Mobile Modernity: Germans, Jews, Trains. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. Ramras-Rauch, Gila. Aharon Appelfeld: The Holocaust and Beyond. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994. Rapaport, Lynn. Jews in Germany after the Holocaust: Memory, Identity, and Jewish- German Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. 256 / selected bibliography

Reitlinger, Gerald. The Final Solution: The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews in Europe, 1939–1945. New York: A.S. Barnes, 1953. Ricœur, Paul. La Mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli. Paris: Seuil, 2000. Roller, Mihail. Istoria Republicii Populare Române [History of the People’s Republic of Romania]. Bucharest: Editura de Stat Didactică şi Pedagogică, 1956. Rotman, Liviu. Evreii din România în perioada comunistă 1944–1965 [The Jews from Romania during the Communist Period 1944–1965]. Bucharest: Polirom, 2004. Schumacher, Claude, ed. Staging the Holocaust: The Shoah in Drama and Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Schwartz, Yigal. Aharon Appelfeld: From Individual Lament to Tribal Eternity. Trans. Jeffrey M. Green. Hanover: Brandeis University Press, 2001. Scurtu, Ioan and Constantin Hlihor. Complot împotriva României [Plot Against Romania]. Bucharest: Academia de Înalte Studii Militare, 1994. Sebastian Mihail. Journal, 1935–1944: The Fascists Years. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2000. ———. Jurnal, 1935–1944. Bucharest: Humanitas, 1996. Shafir, Michael. “Nuremberg II—mitul denazificării şi utilizarea acestuia în mar- tirologia competitivă Holocaust-Gulag.” Caietele Echinox 13 (2007): 87–104. ———. “The Man They Love to Hate: Norman Manea’s Snail’s House: Between the Holocaust and the Gulag.” East- European Jewish Affairs (January 30, 2000): 60–81. ———. “Between Denial and ‘Comparative Trivialization.’ ” The Treatment of the Holocaust in Hungary and Romania During the Post-Communist Era. Ed. Randolph Braham. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 2004. 43–136. ———. “Ex Occidente Obscuritas: The Diffusion of from West to East.” Studia Hebraica 3 (2003): 23–81. Shachan, Avigdor. Burning Ice: The Ghettoes of Transnistria. Tel- Aviv: 1988. Shmueli, Ilana and Thomas Sparr, eds. Paul Celan, Ilana Shmueli. Briefwechsel. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2004. Shoham, Chaim and Bernd Witte, eds. Datum und Zitat bei Paul Celan. Publication of the International Paul Celan- Colloquium. Haifa: 1986. Bern: Lang, 1987. Skloot, Robert. The Darkness We Carry: The Drama of the Holocaust. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988. Solomon, Petre. Paul Celan – dimensiunea românească [Paul Celan: The Romanian Dimension]. Bucharest: Kriterion, 1987. Solonari, Vladimir. Purifying the Nation: Population Exchange and Ethnic Cleansing in World War II Romania. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009. Stoenescu, Alex Mihai. Armata, mareşalul şi evreii [The Army, the Marshal, and the Jews]. Bucharest: RAO, 1998. Tessler, Rudolph. Letter to My Children: From Romania to America via Auschwitz. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1999. Train of Life. Dir. Radu Mihaileanu. Paramount, 2000. Transnistria, the Hell. Dir. Zoltan Terner. The Israel Educational Television,1996. Ergo, 2000. Traşca, Ottmar. Al III- lea Reich şi Holocaustul din România. 1940–1944. Documente din arhivele germane [The Third Reich and the Holocaust in Romania: Documents from the German Archives]. Bucharest: INSHR, 2007. selected bibliography / 257

United Rumanian Jews of America. Blood Bath in Rumania: “. . . an orgy unparal- leled in modern history.” The Record (July–August 1942): 1–59. Volovici, Leon. Nationalist Ideology and : The Case of Romanian Intellectuals in the 1930s. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, 1991. Voolen, Edward van. “A First Reader.” The Image of the Word: Jewish Tradition in Manuscripts and Printed Books, exh. cat. Amsterdam: Jewish Historical Museum, 1990. Weissmann, Dirk. Poésie, Judaϊsme, Philosophie. Une histoire de la réception de Paul Celan en France, des débuts jusqu’à 1991. Paris: Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, 2003. Welzer, Harald, ed. Der Krieg der Erinnerung. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 2007. Werner, Klaus. Erfahrungsgeschichte und Zeugenschaft. Studien zur deutsch- jüdischen Literatur aus Galizien und der Bukowina. Munich: IGKS, 2003. Weyrauch, Wolfgang. “Mein Gedicht. Paul Celan (geb. 1920).” Die Zeit (October 28, 1960). White, Hayden. Figural Realism: Studies in the Mimesis Effect. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. Wiedemann, Barbara, ed. Paul Celan. Die Gedichte. Kommentierte Gesamtausgabe. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2003. ———. Paul Celan—die Goll- Affäre: Dokumente zu einer “Infamie.” Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2000. ———. Paul Celan—Nelly Sachs. Briefwechsel. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1993. Wiedemann- Wolf, Barbara. Antschel Paul–Paul Celan. Studien zum Frühwerk. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1985. Wiesel, Elie. After the Darkness: Reflections on the Holocaust. New York: Schocken, 2002. ———. All Rivers Run to the Sea. New York: Schocken, 1996. ———. Night. New York: Bantam Books, 1982. ———. A Jew Today. New York: Vintage, 1979. Wiesel, Elie and Michaël de Saint Cheron. Evil and Exile. Trans. Jon Rothschild and Jody Gladding. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2000. Wieviorka, Annette. L’Ère du témoin. Paris: Plon, 1998. Wieviorka, Michel. La tentation antisemite, Paris: Editions Robert Lafont, 2005. Young, James E. At Memory’s Edge. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000. ———. Writing and Rewriting the Holocaust. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988. Contributors

Emily Miller Budick holds the Ann and Joseph Edelman Chair in American Literature in the Departments of English and American Studies at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Her major publications include: Emily Dickinson and the Life of Language (Louisiana State University Press, l985); Fiction and Historical Consciousness (Yale University Press, l989); Engendering Romance (Yale University Press, 1994); Nineteenth-Century American Romance (Twayne/Macmillan, 1996); Blacks and Jews in Literary Conversation (Cambridge University Press, 1998); and Aharon Appelfeld’s Fiction (Indiana University Press, 2004). She also edited Modern Hebrew Fiction by Gershon Shaked (Indiana University Press, 2000) and Ideology and Jewish Identity in Israeli and American Literature (SUNY, 2001). She is currently working on a book- length study of Holocaust fiction. Alexandru Florian is the executive director of the National Institute for Romanian Holocaust Studies and professor of political science at the Dimitrie Cantemir University. He is the author of Fundamentele doctrinelor politice [The Fundaments of Political Doctrines] (Bucharest, 2006), Modele politice ale tranziţiei [Political Patterns of Transition] (Bucharest, 2004), Romania si capcanele tranziţiei [Romania and the Traps of Transition] (Bucharest, 1999), Cunoaştere si acţiune socială [Knowledge and Social Action] (Bucharest, 1987), Procesul integrării sociale [The Process of Social Integration] (Bucharest, 1983), and the co- author of Cum a fost posibil? Evreii din România in timpul Holocaustului [How was it Possible? Romanian Jews During the Holocaust] (Bucharest, 2007), Radu Florian: Evocations (Bucharest, 2005), Tranziţii in modernitate [Transitions to Modernity] (Bucharest, 1997), and Ideea care ucide: Dimensiunile ide- ologiei legionare [The Idea that Kills: The Dimensions of the Legionary Ideology] (Bucharest, 1994). Mihai Dinu Gheorghiu is a professor of sociology at the University in Iaşi, Romania, and associate member of Centre de Sociologie Européenne (Paris), Centre d’Etudes de l’Emploi (Noisy le Grand, CNRS), and Réseau Acteurs Emergents (Fondation Maison des 260 / contributors

Sciences de l’Homme, Paris). Since 2004, he has also served on the scien- tific council of the Elie Wiesel National Institute for Romanian Holocaust Studies in Bucharest. He is the author of Intelectualii în cîmpul puterii. Morfologii si traiectori sociale (Iaşi, 2007), and co- editor of Mobilitatea elite- lor în România secoluluii al XX- lea (Bucharest) and Littératures et pouvoir symbolique (Bucharest, 2005). Valentina Glajar is an associate professor of German at Texas State University—San Marcos. She is the author of The German Legacy in East Central Europe (Camden House, 2004), and co- editor (with Domnica Radulescu) of “Gypsies” in European Literature and Culture (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008) and Vampirettes, Wretches, and Amazons: Western Representations of East European Women (East European Monographs, dis- tributed by Columbia University Press, 2004). She also translated (with André Lefevere) Herta Müller’s novel Traveling on One Leg (Northwestern University Press, 1998, 2010). Currently, she is working on a book- length study on generational tales of expulsion and is co- editing a volume on Herta Müller. Florence Heymann is ingénieur de recherche at the CNRS in the Centre de Recherche Français in Jerusalem. Her publications include Le Crépuscule des lieux (Paris, Stock, 2003) and Un Juif pour l’islam (Paris, Stock, 2005). She also co- edited Le Corps du texte: Pour une anthropologie des textes de la Tradition juive (Paris, CNRS Editions, 1997); L’historiographie israélienne aujourd’hui (Paris, CNRS Editions, 1998); and Lettres choisies de Martin Buber 1899- 1965 (Paris, CNRS Editions, 2004). Marianne Hirsch is the William Peterfield Trent Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University and co- director of the Institute for Research on Women and Gender. Her recent publications include Family Frames: Photography, Narrative, and Postmemory (1997), The Familial Gaze (1999), a special issue of Signs on “Gender and Cultural Memory” (2002), and Teaching the Representation of the Holocaust (2004). She has also published numerous articles on cultural memory, visuality, and gender, particularly in respect to the representation of World War II and the Holocaust in literature, testimony, and photography. Her latest book is Ghosts of Home: The Afterlife of Czernowitz in Jewish Memory, co- authored with Leo Spitzer (University of California Press, 2009). Andrei Oişteanu is a researcher in the fields of cultural anthropol- ogy and history of religions and mentalities at the Institute for History of Religions () and the president of the Romanian Association of the History of Religions. He is also an associate professor at the University of Bucharest, Department of Jewish Studies. He is the contributors / 261 author of several books, including Mythos and Logos: Studies and essays of cultural anthropology (Nemira, 1998); Cosmos vs. Chaos: Myth and Magic in Romanian Traditional Culture (The Romanian Cultural Foundation Publishing House, 1999); Das Bild des Juden in der Rumänischen Volkskultur (Konstanz: Hartung- Gore, 2002); Imaginea evreului in cul- tura românescă (Bucharest: Humanitas, 2004); Religion, Politics and Myth: Texts about and Ioan Petru Culianu, (Bucharest: Polirom, 2007); Il diluvio, il drago e il labirinto: Studi di magia e mito- logia europea comparata (Verona: Edizioni Fiorini, 2008); Inventing the Jew: Anti- Semitic Stereotypes in Romanian and Other Central- East European Cultures, Foreword by Moshe Idel (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009); Konstruktionen des Judenbildes: Rumänische und Ostmitteleuropäische Stereotypen des Antisemitismus (Berlin: Frank und Timme, 2010); Narcotics in Romanian Culture. History, Religion, and Literature (Iaşi: Polirom, 2010). His books received prestigious prizes in Romania, Italy, and Israel. Iulia-Karin Patrut is research collaborator at the University of Trier, Germany. She is the author of Schwarze Schwester—Teufelsjunge. Ethnizität und Geschlecht bei Paul Celan und Herta Müller (Cologne, 2006) and co- editor of Zigeuner’ und Nation. Repräsentation—Inklusion —Exklusion (Frankfurt am Main, 2008); Minderheitenliteraturen: Grenzerfahrung und Reterritorialisierung (Bucharest, 2008); Fremde Arme—arme Fremde‚ Zigeuner’ in Literaturen Mittel- und Osteuropas (Frankfurt am Main, 2007); Europa und seine‚ Zigeuner’ (Sibiu, 2007); Ethnizität und Geschlecht. (Post- )koloniale Verhandlungen in Geschichte, Kunst und Medien (Cologne, 2006); and Die andere Hälfte der Globalisierung. Menschenrechte, Ökonomie und Medialität aus feministischer Sicht (Frankfurt am Main, 2001). Corina L. Petrescu is assistant professor of German at the University of Mississippi. Her teaching and research interests include National Socialist Germany, representations of 1968 in the German and Romanian imaginary, protest movements, transnational/transcultural literature, German-Jewish relations from the eighteenth century to the present, and theater. Her first book is titled Against All Odds: Models of Subversive Spaces in National Socialist Germany (Peter Lang, 2009). Her new project focuses on Romanian-born ethnic German writer Eginald Schlattner and highlights his contribution to the process of coming to terms with the past in Romania. Domnica Radulescu is professor of French and Italian literatures at Washington and Lee University. She is the author of André Malraux: The “Farfelu” as Expression of the Feminine and the Erotic (Peter Lang, 1994); 262 / contributors

Sisters of Medea (University Press of the South, 2002); and the novels Train to Trieste (Knopf, 2008) and Black Sea Twilight (Doubleday, 2010). She also edited Realms of Exile (Lexington Books, 2002) and co- edited Vampirettes, Wretches, and Amazons: Western Representations of East European Women (East European Monographs, distributed by Columbia University Press, 2004); Theater of Teaching and the Lessons of Theater (Lexington Books, 2005); and “Gypsies” in European Literature and Culture (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008). For her first novel, Train to Trieste, she received the 2009 Fiction Prize from the Library of Virginia. Deborah Schultz is a research fellow in the Department of History, University of Sussex, and assistant professor of art history at Richmond University and Regent’s College, London. Her primary areas of study focus on word- image relations, historiography, and memory in twentieth- century and contemporary art. Her major publications include Pictorial Narrative in the Nazi Period: Felix Nussbaum, Charlotte Salomon and Arnold Daghani, co- authored with Edward Timms (London, 2009); Arnold Daghani’s Memories of Mikhailowka: The Illustrated Diary of a Slave Labour Camp Survivor, co- edited with Edward Timms (London, 2009); Marcel Broodthaers: Strategy and Dialogue (Bern: Oxford, 2007); and “ ‘The Conquest of Space’: On the Prevalence of Maps in Contemporary Art” (Leeds, 2001). She is a regular contributor to Art Monthly and other contemporary art journals. Leo Spitzer is the Kathe Tappe Vernon Professor of History Emeritus at Dartmouth College and visiting professor of history at Columbia University. His recent publications include Hotel Bolivia: The Culture of Memory in a Refuge from Nazism (Hill & Wang 1998); Lives in Between: Assimilation and Marginality in Austria, Brazil and West Africa (Cambridge, 1990; Hill & Wang, 1999) and the co- edited volume Acts of Memory: Cultural Recall in the Present (University Press New England, 1999). He has also written numerous articles on the Holocaust and Jewish refugee memory and its generational transmission. He also co- authored, with Marianne Hirsch, Ghosts of Home: The Afterlife of Czernowitz in Jewish Memory (University of California Press, 2009). Jeanine Teodorescu is assistant professor of French at Columbia College in Chicago. Her teaching and research interests include theatre, the arts, com- parative literature, Francophone studies, history, and politics. She has writ- ten articles on Eugene Ionesco and Eastern- European cinema. Her book, Ionesco, Politics, and Literature: Romania and France, is in preparation. Index

Note: Please note that page numbers appearing in bold indicate illustrations.

Abrasha (member of resistance in Gaissin), 35; Eliade and, 121–122; films and, 94–96, 109 226, 229; Greater Romania Party and, Acterian, Haig, 119, 127 202; Holocaust denial and, 36; Actorul şi sălbaticii (The Actor and the Hooligan’s Return and, 175; identity Savages) (film), 10, 227, 230–233, 237, and, 177; Ioanid and, 231; Manea and, 240 179, 180, 185, 186; media and, 13n20, Aderca, Marcel, 140, 141 226, 229; present-day Romanian, 219, Adevărul (newspaper), 203 228; Puric and, 203–204; state- Adorno, Theodor, 197, 206–207 sanctioned, 22–24, 26; Tudor and, 33, Age of Wonders, The (Appelfeld), 160–163, 42n38 171 Antonescu, Ion Marshal, 20, 37n1, 67, 73, 86; Agnon, S. Y., 158, 159, 165, 168 anti-Semitism and, 28, 34–35, 39n20; Agora (journal), 141 Communism and, 27; deportations/ agrarian reform of 1921, 21–22 exterminations during regime of, 5–6, Alexander, Jeffrey, 2 23–24, 41n35, 180, 195; Eliade and, 128; Alexandru, Laszlo, 179, 192n13 fall of, 25; Fascism and, 182; Goma on, 32, Alexianu, Gheorghe (governor of 40n29; Greater Romania Party and, Transnistria), 86 12n19; Iaşi pogrom and, 240; Aleykhem, Sholem, 212 and, 10; “Jormania” and, 184; Legionary allies, 25 Movement and, 28, 33, 38n8; praise for, 5, allies of Nazi Germany, 4, 22, 210 30, 33–36, 40n29, 196; responsibility of, All That Remains (film), 160, 161–162 29, 31, 229; revisionist history and, 19; Alpern, Naftali, 86 silence on, 226; Solomovici and, 33; Amishai-Maisels, Ziva, 108 Solonari on, 2; trials of, 6, 25; Yiddish Ampel, Rachel, 77–78, 79, 87n3 theater and, 211 Ancel, Jean, 2, 85–86, 226–227, 245n47 Antonescu, Mihai, 57 Andreescu, Gabriel, 30–31 Antschel, Paul. See Celan, Paul Anii de ucenicie ai lui August Prostul (The Appelfeld, Aharon, 8, 9, 11, 157–173, 176; Years of Apprenticeship of August the Age of Wonders, 160–163, 171; Beyond Fool) (Manea), 176 Despair, 168; Ice Mine, 163–165, 171; Anti-Defamation League, 202 Iron Tracks, 162; mother of, 160, anti-Fascist Communists, 27 162–163, 166–167, 169–173; Sippur anti-Semitism, 40n29, 181; Antonescu Haim: Story of a Life, 157, 162–164, 169, regime and, 28, 34–35, 39n20; 170–171, 176; Transnistria, the Hell, Appelfeld and, 167; Celan and, 146; 228; Tzili: The Story of a Life, Christianity and, 202, 206; Coja and, 170–171 264 / index

Arendt, Hannah, 1–2, 177, 185, 197, Black Book (Carp), 3, 25–26, 69, 78 206–207 Blaga, Lucian, 9 Arghezi, Tudor, 9, 203 blame. See responsibility Aristotle, 205 Blanchot, Maurice, 101 Armata, mareşalul şi evreii (The Army, the Blood Bath in Rumania: “. . . an orgy Marshal, and the Jews) (Stoenescu), 31 unparalleled in modern history” (article art. See Daghani, Arnold by United Rumanian Jews of Artists’ Union, 97 America), 4 August Dohrmann engineering company, Bogdan, Radu, 97 93, 94, 98 Boia, Lucian, 20 Auschwitz, 10, 205, 207; Dante’s Inferno Bolshevik Revolution, 21 and, 198, 202; images on, 219n3; Bosnian Muslims, 207 Nahtshiht and, 215, 219 bourgeoisie, 216 authenticity, 91, 100, 102 Braham, Randolph, 201 Avram, Angela, 242n14 Bregović, Goran, 235 Bremen Literature Prize, 138 Bachmann, Ingeborg, 139 Brenner, Gottfried (Cernăuţi survivor), 58, Baciu, Alexandru, 237 60, 70 Bal, Mieke, 3 Brenner, Hedy (Cernăuţi survivor), 58–59, Balzac, Honoré de, 189–190 60 Banuş, Maria, 141 Brenner, Paula (Cernăuţi survivor), 58 Barasheum Jewish Theater, 33, 41n35, 211, bribery: exemptions/autorizaţie and, 243n25 68–69; of police, 59 “Barbarie à visage humain, La” (Lévy), Bruckstein, Ludovic, 10, 209, 219 184 Bryson, Norman, 114 barter, 83, 94 Bucharest, Romania, 209, 218 Barthes, Roland, 146 Bucharest pogrom, 4, 27, 130, 218 Bartov, Omer, 2, 235 Buchenwald, 199, 200 Băsescu, Traian, 196, 246n52 Buchman, Mordechai, 234 “Before the Law” (Kafka), 140 Büchner Prize, 138, 143 Beheaded Rooster, The (film), 229 Bucovina (newspaper), 63 Belzec camp, 23, 29 Bucur, Maria, 2–3 Benda, Julien, 178 Budick, Emily, 9 Benigni, Roberto, 234, 235, 245n39 Bug (river), 73, 93, 96, 106, 108; in Benjamin, Walter, 113 Daghani’s art, 114 Bercovici, Israil, 218 Bukarester Tagesblatt (journal), 128 Bergmann, Werner, 94, 96, 100–101 Bukovina region, 57, 69, 71, 92, 172; Bergson, Henri, 114 northern, 58; rural, 80 Bershad ghetto, 96 Bunaciu, Avram, 73 Bettelheim, Bruno, 105 Buna Vestire (far-right publication), 125 “Between Denial and ‘Comparative Buzatu, Gheorghe, 12n19, 33, 34–35, Trivialization’: Holocaust Negationism 42n38, 226 in Post-Communist East Central Europe” (Shafir), 226 Călătoria lui Gruber (Gruber’s Journey) Beyer, Frank, 234, 235 (film), 10, 227, 229, 234, 237–238 Beyond Despair (Appelfeld), 168 Calciu, Laurenţiu, 228–229 Birkenau, 199, 205 Calinescu, Matei, 181 birthplaces, 157–158 Calotescu, Corneliu, 66, 73, 80 index / 265

“Camp interior” (Daghani), 108, 109 74n1, 87n3; Popovici and, 66–68, 72, “Cântec de dragoste” (Love Song) (Celan), 73; troops in, 58, 80, 93 148 Chagall, Marc, 183 Capsali, Floria, 119 Chalfen, Lulziu (Cernăuţi Jew), 68 Capsali, Sylvia, 119 Chekhov, Anton, 140 Captivi (Captives) (Manea), 176 Chernovtsy, 58 Caragiu, Toma, 230, 244n27 Chiriac, Andreea, 239 Caraion, Ion, 140–141, 145 Christianity, 201–202, 203–207; Carol II, , 26, 38n8, 230 Catholicism and, 198, 205; Christian Carp, Matatias, 3, 25–26; on Cernăuţi, 58, Serbs and, 207; Daghani’s art and, 59, 69, 72 106–107, 112; Orthodoxy and, 23, 198 Carp, Petre P., 119, 131n3 “Christianity Facing Judaism” (Eliade), 122 Carpathian Mountains, 166, 168 Cine suntem (Who We Are) (Puric), Cartea neagră: Suferinţele evreilor din 203–204 România 1940–1944 (The Black Book) Cioran, Emil, 127, 177, 180, 187, 191n7, 234 (Carp), 3, 25–26, 69, 78 Clendinnen, Inga, 8 Cartea Rusă (publishing house), 138, 140 “Cloth of our time bearing impression of Caruth, Cathy, 165 suffering Man” (Daghani), 112 Cassian, Nina, 141, 142 Cocoşul decapitat (The Beheaded Rooster) catharsis, 105 (film), 229 Catholicism, 198, 205 Codreanu, Corneliu Zelea, 180, 192n15, 232 Cazan, Ileana, 39n25 Coja, Ion, 35–36, 42n43 Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 25, 27, 32, 185, 196; Comarnescu, Petru, 126 nationalism and, 181; Shafir on, 226; Commandeur dans l’Ordre des Arts et des Tudor and, 40n33 Lettres, 176 Ceauşu, Gheorghe, 204 commemoration, Daghani’s art and, 100, Celan, Paul, 8, 73, 79, 102, 137–149, 105–106, 112–113 181; death of, 147; departure from Communism, 58, 80, 214, 218; Actor and Romania by, 11; friendships of, 139, the Savages and, 240; Celaru and, 140–149; language and, 9, 138, 220n13; censorship and, 181, 225, 233; 139–140, 141, 142, 147–149, 176; effects of, 227; external evils and, 19; reception of in West Germany, IKUF, 215; Manea and, 9, 175, 176, 179, 151n30; signature of, 150n7; 182, 184, 185; Marcus and, 230; media translations of, 140 during, 6, 27–30; Nahtshiht and, 216; Celaru, Anton, 213, 220n13 1944–1947, 25–27; post-Communist censorship, 3, 37n8; Celan and, 142; negationism and, 30–36; as “red Communism and, 181, 225, 233; Plicul Holocaust,” 180; responsibility for, 203– negru and, 185 204, 240; Romanian Communist Party Cernăuţi/Czernowitz, 57–74, 58–60, 77, and, 26; Sebastian and, 122; silence and, 3 189; Appelfeld and, 9, 157–163, 168; community, 71 Carp, Matatias and, 58, 59, 69, 72; competition, 20–21 Daghani in, 92–93; deportations from, Complot împotriva României (Plot against 57, 61, 63–69, 71–73, 79, 80–81, 93; Romania) (Hlihor), 41n34 ghetto of, 61–71, 79–80; Jewish Council concentration camps, 143, 227; Belzec, 23, of, 62, 64, 65; Jewish Hospital of, 65, 29; Buchenwald, 199, 200; Mikhailowka, 67–68; Jewish Temple of, 58, 59; Jews 72, 87n11, 93–96, 98, 106–108; spared in, 5–6; mail to, 86; Tarrasiwka, 87n11, 96, 106. See also multiethnicity of, 119, 138; name of, Auschwitz; Birkenau; Moghilev camp 266 / index

Connerton, Paul, 3, 241n8 106; “Sunday morning,” 108, 110; Constantinescu, Mac, 119, 196 testimonies and, 91, 98–100; “Untitled Constantiniu, Florin, 31, 33 (woman with baskets and diary entry),” Constantin Tănase (Massoff and Tănase), 103. See also 1942 1943 And Thereafter 243n25 (Sporadic records till 1977) (Daghani); Constitution of 1923, 21 What a Nice World (Daghani) Contemporanul (journal), 140 Daghani’s art: Christian analogies in, contrapasso (“perfection” of suffering), 198, 106–107, 112; memory in, 99–100, 108; 202 style of, 96–98, 106–107; survival in, “Contrescarpe, La” (Celan), 138, 150n6 109; word-image relationship in, Conversations à Jassy (Pachet), 52 107–114, 116 Corespondenţa lui Marcel Proust (Marcel Dante Alighieri, 10, 197–202, 205 Proust’s Correspondence) (Sebastian), 126 Death of Mr. Lăzărescu, The (Rădulescu), Covaci, Maria, 28 237 Creţia, Petru, 186 “Death of the Author, The” (Barthes), “Cricket in Poland” (Malaparte), 187 146 “Cris” (Michaux), 145 death trains, 12n17, 31, 187; Gruber’s Cristea, Miron, 23 Journey and, 237–238; Train of Life Crohmălniceanu, Ovid S. (Mony Cahn), and, 10, 227, 229, 233–238, 240, 141, 143, 145 245n39 Culianu, Ioan Petru, 119, 127, 183, 192n17 De două mii de ani (For Two Thousand Cum am devenit huligan (How I Became Years) (Sebastian), 121, 179 a Hooligan) (Sebastian), 9, 122, 177, deflective negationism, 32 178 dehumanization, 206–207 Cuza, A. C., 203 democracy, 6, 22, 32, 227 Czernowitz. See Cernăuţi/Czernowitz; “Denk Dir” (Just Think) (Celan), 142 Chernovtsy deportations, 63–70, 184, 215; Antonescu and, 5–6, 23–24, 41n35, 180, 195; to Daghani, Arnold, 7–8, 91–117; Auschwitz, 10; Daghani and, 93; authenticity and, 91, 100, 102; “Camp exemptions from, 64, 66–69, 72; interior,” 108, 109; “Cloth of our time Holocaust denial and, 29; justification bearing impression of suffering Man,” of, 57–58; Manea and, 176, 181, 182, 112; commemoration and, 100, 187; Mihaileanu and, 233–236; 105–106, 112–113; diaries of, 91–92, Popovici and, 189; recognition of, 196; 99–100, 105–106; emigration of, 11, responsibility for, 210; silence and, 225; 97–98; escape from Mikhailowka by, state-sanctioned anti-Semitism and, 22 94–96; Grave is in the Cherry Orchard, deportations from Cernăuţi, 61, 79, 93; in The, 92, 101; handwriting of, 102–106; 1941 (first wave), 57, 63–69, 80–81; in “Images after the encounter with a world 1942 (second wave), 71–73 of phantoms keep rushing on...,” 114, deportees, 79–80, 82 115; interpretation and, 99–100, Der Spiegel (magazine), 5 105–106; language and, 101–102; Let Diavolul şi ucenicul său: Nae Ionescu şi Me Live!, 92, 99; life story of, 92–98; (The Devil and His “Nanino at the window (in Apprentice: Nae Ionescu and Mihail Czernowitz),” 109–112, 111; “Nanino’s Sebastian), 179–180 shoes,” 108, cover; “New Year flowers distillation, 164, 170 for Nanino,” 94, 95; “On the way to Divina Commedia, La (Dante), 199, 201, work on the road,” 93; “ROLL-CALL,” 202, 205 index / 267

Dniester (river), 57, 63, 81 saving from, 5–6, 13n22, 29, 30, 35, documentaries, 227–230, 240 195–196 Drăgan, Iosif Constantin, 33 extortion from deportees, 82 Ezrahi, Sidra DeKoven, 233, 238 education, 4, 30, 39n25 Ehrlich, Isaak (Cernăuţi Jew), 70 Family Friends (Hirsch), 235 Eichmann, Adolf, 207 fanaticism, 207 Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Fascism, 4, 24, 184, 206; Antonescu and, Banality of Evil (Arendt), 1–2 182; blame on for Holocaust, 19; Einhorn, Erich, 139 Eliade and, 177; Ioanid and, 231; Einsatzgruppe D, 58, 80 Manea and, 9, 175, 181, 185, 186; Einsatzkommando Zehn B, 80, 81 Marcus and, 230; media and, 25–27; Eliade, Mircea, 8, 9, 54, 120, 121, nostalgia for, 196; Popovici and, 189; 131n2; defense of Sebastian by, Sebastian and, 178, 179, 180; Wiesel 121–122, 178; Manea and, 177, 180, and, 202 186; right-wing political stance of, Felix culpa (Happy Guilt), 180 179; Sebastian’s death and, 129–130, Fichman, Pearl (Cernăuţi survivor), 68, 69 191n12. See also Eliade/Sebastian films. See Holocaust films friendship Final Report (of Wiesel Commission), 4, Eliade, Nina, 126, 128 23, 34–35, 36, 39n22, 180, 244n38 Eliade/Sebastian friendship, 8, 119–130, Final Solution, 22–24, 35; in Romania, 29 179; Eliade in defense of Sebastian and, fire, 199–200, 231 121–122, 178; Eliade’s avoidance of Fischer, Martha “Atti” (Grae) (secretary at Sebastian and, 128–129; Eliade’s right- August Dohrmann company), 96, wing political stance and, 123–124; 100–101 Iphigenia and, 126–128; oscillating Fisher, Julius, 3 nature of, 124–126; Sebastian’s death Flacăra (The Flame) (journal), 217 and, 129–130, 191n12. See also Eliade, “Flaschenpost” (Message in a Bottle) Mircea; Sebastian, Mihail (Iosef (Celan), 144 Hechter) Florian, Alexandru, 6 Elie Wiesel Goes Home (film), 13n27 Forbidden Forest, The (Eliade), 54 Elie Wiesel Memorial House, 8, 13n27 “Forbidden Laughter” (Loshitzky), 236 Elie Wiesel National Institute for the Study forgetfulness, 10, 39n20, 197, 225, 241n8 of the Holocaust, 4 For Two Thousand Years (Sebastian), 177, Eliezer, 198–202 178 Elsässer, Josef, 94, 100–101 Foucault, Michel, 202 Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Ionescu), 180 Foxman, Abraham, 202 Engler, Blanka (Cernăuţi Jew), 62 fragmentation, 99–100 Erll, Astrid, 3, 225 Freud, Sigmund, 181, 186–187 Essays (Montaigne), 181 Frisch, Max, 139 ethnic cleansing, 180 ethnic minorities, 21–22 Gabrea, Radu, 10, 227, 229, 234, 237–241, evolution, 204 242n12; departure from Romania by, 11 “Excursion into the Mountains” (Kafka), Gafencu, Valeriu, 203 140 “Gastmahl, Das” (The Banquet) (Celan), exile, 182; of Manea, 186 141 extermination of Jews, 22–24; Holocaust “Geheimnis der Farne, Das” (The Secret of denial and, 29; recognition of, 196; the Ferns) (Celan), 141 268 / index

Gelbelman, Esther, 228 Hero of Our Time, A (Lermontov), 140 Gelber, Moritz (Cernăuţi Jew), 71 Heymann, Florence, 7, 77–89 genocide, 10, 24, 197, 207 Hilberg, Raul, 2, 22, 24, 41n34 Geppert, Klaus (German officer), 60 Hilgruber, Andreas, 34 German language, 139–140, 141, 147–148 Hillesum, Etty (Auschwitz victim), 101 Germans, 100–101; Nahtshiht and, 215, Hilsenrath, Edgar, 176 217; troops of in Cernăuţi, 58, 80, 93 Hiroshima, 207 Getzler, Nathan, 57, 61 Hirsch, Carl (Cernăuţi survivor), 61–66, Gheorghiu, Mihai Dinu, 6 68, 70, 71–72 Gheorghiu, Virgil, 54 Hirsch, Lotte (Cernăuţi survivor), 59, ghetto, 96, 188; of Cernăuţi, 61–71, 79–80; 61–65, 69, 71–72 map of, 63; recognition of, 29, 196 Hirsch, Marianne, 2, 6–7, 235 Gilman, Sander, 234 history, memory and, 7, 20–21, 85–87, 91, Giurescu, Dinu C., 34–35, 42n41 99–100, 234–235 Glajar, Valentina, 10 History of Romania (Roller), 26 Gold, Ruth Glasberg, 1–2, 11, 242n13 History of (Buzatu), 34 Goldfaden, Abraham, 209–210, 212, 214 hitbonenut (observation), 167 “Goll affair,” 146, 151n16 Hitler, Adolf, 5, 26, 34, 210; Actor and the Goma, Paul, 32, 40n29 Savages and, 230, 231–232; Wiesel and, “good fortune,” 71, 79–80 200 Gottfried, Max (Cernăuţi Jew), 64 Hoffman, Eva, 79 Grave is in the Cherry Orchard, The Hollstein, Miriam, 233 (Daghani), 92, 101 Holocaust (as term): during Communist Greater Romania, 21 era, 28, 34; pre-formulation of, 143; Greater Romania Party, 12n19, 32–34, 202 Romanian context of, 31; in schools, Gretzov, Boris (Romanian), 70 39n25; Tudor and, 33; Wiesel and, Grindea, Miron, 98 151n25 Gruber’s Journey (film), 10, 227, 229, 234, Holocaust (television miniseries), 243n24 237–241 Holocaust comedy, 234, 235, 245n39 Guerri, Giordano Bruno, 50–52 Holocaust denial, 5, 19–20, 24–25, 226, Guggenheim and MacArthur Foundation 242n10; anti-Semitism and, 36; Fellows Award, 176 during Communist regime, 6; guilt, 143, 145, 147, 187; of survivors, 96, 105 deportations and, 29; Star of Romania Gulag, 20–21 award and, 202; Tudor and Buzatu Guţu, George, 142 and, 42n38 Holocaust films, 4–5, 225–241; Actor and Haidu, Peter, 225, 226 the Savages and, 10, 227, 229, Hartman, Geoffrey, 165 230–233, 240; Beheaded Rooster and, Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment), 210, 219n6 229; documentaries and, Hausleitner, Mariana, 11n7 227–230, 240; Gruber’s Journey and, 10, Hebrew language, 211 227, 229, 234, 237–241; Schindler’s List Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 157 and, 234; Train of Life and, 10, 227, Hechter, Beno, 130 229, 233–238, 240, 245n39; La vita e Hechter, Iosef. See Sebastian, Mihail (Iosef bella and, 234, 245n39 Hechter) Holocaust in Romania, The (Ioanid), 4, Heidegger, Martin, 139 196, 245n44 Hermann, David, 212 Holocaust Memorial in Bucharest, 4, Heroes and Victims (Bucur), 3 42n42, 226 index / 269

Homer, 205 invasion of Poland, 126 homescapes, 9, 159, 168, 172 involuntary memory, 113–114 Hooligans, The (Eliade), 9, 177, 178 Ioanid, Radu, 4, 22–23, 196, 206, 231 Hooligan’s Return, The: A Memoir (Manea), Ionesco, Eugène, 121, 177, 190n4, 191n6, 9, 175, 177, 178, 181, 184, 187 234; dehumanization and, 206–207 Horthy regime, 195 Ionescu, Nae, 121, 131n4, 179–180, 191n9, How I Became a Hooligan (Sebastian), 9, 191n11; For Two Thousand Years and, 178 122, 177, 178 Ionescu, Vasile, 67 humanism, 177 Iordanova, Dina, 236 humanity, 77–78, 92, 108 Iorga, Nicolae, 203 Hungarian Holocaust, 196, 226 Iorgulescu, Mircea, 230 Hungarians, 196, 215 Iphigenia (Eliade), 126–128 Hungary, 28 Iron Guard, 5, 10, 177, 196, 230; Actor hunger in Moghilev, 83–84 and the Savages and, 227, 231–232, 237; Huyssen, Andreas, 2 death of leaders of, 124 Iron Tracks (Appelfeld), 162 Iaşi pogrom, 2, 4, 240; Gruber’s Journey “Is Life Beautiful? Can the Shoah be and, 10, 227, 237–239; Kaputt and, Funny? Thoughts on Recent and Older 47–54; Stoenescu on, 31; trials of Movies” (Gilman), 234 perpetrators of, 6, 25–26; Zile Israel, 163, 172 însângerate la Iaşi and, 28 Istoria evreilor. Holocaustul (The History of ice, 200–201 the Jews: The Holocaust) (textbook), 30 Ice Mine (Appelfeld), 163–165, 171 identity, 175, 177, 178, 184, 186–187 Jacobovici, Simcha, 242n12 Idisher Kultur Farband Teater (IKUF Jagendorf, Siegfried (deportee in Theater), 10, 209, 211–215 Moghilev), 5, 13n22, 85 ignorance, 13n20, 228, 242n14 Jagendorf’s Foundry (Jagendorf), 13n22 Ikh leb (I Live) (Pinchevski), 10, 209, Jakob der Lügner (film), 234, 235 212–214, 215, 216, 218 Jakob the Liar (film), 234 IKUF. See Idisher Kultur Farband Teater Jewish committee of Moghilev, 85 (IKUF Theater) Jewish Council of Cernăuţi, 62, 64, 65 Iliescu, Ion, 32, 34, 196, 202, 241n9 Jewish Hospital of Cernăuţi, 65, 67–68 “Images after the encounter with a world of Jewish-owned businesses, 60 phantoms keep rushing on...” Jewish Studies, 186 (Daghani), 114, 115 Jewish Temple of Cernăuţi, 58, 59 imagination, 164–165 Jewish Writers of “Incompatibilities, The” (Manea), 179 (Hebrew Anthology), 175 Inferno (Dante), 10, 197–202, 205 Jews, 38n8, 80, 121, 160, 162; crimes “In Goldfaden’s Footsteps” (Aleykhem), 212 against, 143–144; definition of, 22–23; intentional memory, 113 deportations of during Antonescu’s International Commission for the Study regime, 5–6; Eliade and, 130; Kaputt of the Holocaust in Romania (Wiesel and, 48; Legionary Movement and, Commission). See Wiesel Commission 27–28; population of, 37n5, 219n4; International Day of Commemoration of professional, 60, 64, 67; as responsible the Holocaust, 1 for Communism, 39n24; as responsible interpretation, Daghani and, 99–100, for Hitler, 34; silence of surviving, 25; 105–106 spared, 5–6, 29, 30, 35, 195–196; spared interregnum phase, 80 by Jagendorf, 13n22; theater and, 211 270 / index

Jews of Jassy, 48–49 and, 28, 33, 38n8; Christian Jew Today, A (Wiesel), 197 Orthodoxy and, 23; Codreanu and, John Paul II (pope), 205 192n15; Eliade and, 124–128; “Jormania,” 184 Sebastian and, 122, 178 Journal, 1935–1944 (Sebastian), 8, 30, Lermontov, Mikhail, 140 127, 179, 186 Let Me Live (Daghani), 99 Joyce, James, 182 Levi, Primo, 101, 105, 176 “Judaism and Antisemitism” (Eliade), Lévy, Bernard-Henry, 184 121–122 Levy, Dani, 235 Judeo-Bolshevism, 31 Life is Beautiful (film), 234, 245n39 Judeophobia, 36 Liiceanu, Gabriel, 30, 39n24 Loewenstein, Theodor, 128 kaddish prayer, 171–172, 205 Loshitzky, Josefa, 234, 236 Kafka, Franz, 140, 148, 181 L’oublié (Wiesel), 197 Kaputt (Malaparte), 6, 47–54, 187, Lübeck investigations, 98–100 246n50; Gruber’s Journey and, 237–239 Luca, Gherasim, 140 Kareţki, Aurel, 28 Ludo, Isaac, 122 Kassovitz, Peter, 234 Lustig, Oliver, 29–30 Kawa, Hanna, 214 Kertész, Imre, 190 Maccabi, Yehuda, 212 Kessler, Arthur (Cernăuţi Jew), 72 MacFarquahar, Larissa, 189 mail, illicit transportation of, 85–86 Laignel-Lavastine, Alexandra, 126 Malamud, Bernard, 185 landscapes, 169–170, 172–173 Malaparte, Curzio, 6, 47–54, 187, 229, Langer, Lawrence, 1 246n50; Gruber’s Journey and, language, 11; Appelfeld and, 168; Celan 237–239 and, 9, 138, 139–140, 141, 142, Malatesta, Paolo, 200 147–149, 176; Daghani and, 101–102; Manea, Norman, 9, 11, 175–190, 183; German, 139–140, 141, 147–148; of deportation of, 176, 181, 182, 187 ghetto, 79; Hebrew, 211; Jewish Writers Mansdorf, Iacob, 212–215, 221n20 of Romanian Language and, 175; Marcovici, Corina, 141 limitations of, 10, 101, 106; Manea and, Marcus, Manole, 10, 227, 229, 230, 240 176, 188; Romanian, 139–140, 141, 148, Margul-Sperber, Alfred, 8, 140–141, 145, 175; Yiddish and, 188, 210–211, 215, 146, 147, 149 217, 218 Marin, Constantin (Transnistria Romani Laptele negru (Black Milk) (Manea), 176 survivor), 228–229 Lasker-Schüler, Else, 146 Marin, Ion (Transnistria Romani survivor), Lasst mich leben! (Let Me Live!) (Daghani), 228 92 Marin, Vasile, 124, 127 “Last Clarification, A” (Eliade), 122 Marinescu, Stere, 72–73 League of National Christian Defense, 22 Mark, Avraham (rabbi of Cernăuţi), 58 Leben? oder Theater? Ein Singespiel (Life? or Marshal Antonescu Foundation, 34 Theatre? A Singing Play) (Salomon), 108 Marxism, 217 L’écriture du désastre (Blanchot), 101, 105 mass graves, 160, 163, 171–172, 238 Legenda Meşterului Manole (Master Massoff, Ioan, 243n25 Manole’s Legend), 126, 131n10 Matter and Memory (Bergson), 114 Legionary Movement, 22, 27–28; Actor Maxy, Max Herman (Romanian artist), and the Savages and, 230; Antonescu 97 index / 271 media, 19–36, 227; 1944–1947, 6, 25–27; multiethnic towns, 119, 138 1948–1989, 6, 27–30; 1990–2008, 6, multilingualism, 138 30–36; anti-Semitism and, 13n20, 226, Munteanu, Miruna, 33, 41n35 229; censorship and, 37n8 Muslims, 207 Meerbaum-Eisinger, Selma, 107 Mein Führer: The Truly Truest Truth about Nahtshiht (The Night Shift) (Bruckstein), Adolf Hitler (film), 235 10, 209, 215–217, 219 Memoir (Manea), 188, 189–190 Naht-Tog (Night-Day), 212 Memorii (Memoirs) (Eliade), 129 “Nanino at the window (in Czernowitz)” memory, 1, 6–7, 105, 106; culture of (Daghani), 109–112, 111 memorialization and, 3; Daghani and, “Nanino’s shoes” (Daghani), cover, 108 99–100, 108; in film and literature, Năsturaş, Constantin (prefect of 4–5; history and, 7, 20–21, 85–87, 91, Moghilev), 85 99–100, 234–235; imagination and, National Institute for Holocaust Studies, 226 164–165; involuntary, 113–114; nationalism, 27, 36, 181 morality of, 91; remembrance and, 3, National Legionary State, 38n8 142, 225; representation of, 91; Wiesel National Liberal Party, 25 and, 207 National Museum of , meridian image, 142–143 119, 121 “Message from the Emperor, A” (Kafka), 140 National Peasant Party, 25 Michael Karolyi Foundation, 97 National Socialists (Nazis), 54, 210; Michaux, Henri, 145 Christianity and, 202; Communism and, Midrash (interpretation), 100 27; Ioanid and, 231; Nahtshiht and, 217; Miga, Daniela (friend of Daghani), 97 revisionism and, 24; Soviets and, 214 Mihaelovka camp. See Mikhailowka negationism, 21, 24–25; Coja and, 42n43; Mihaileanu, Ion, 233, 234 Manea and, 179; post-Communist, Mihaileanu, Radu, 10, 227, 229, 233–236, 30–36; present-day, 180; Shafir and, 240, 245n39 226; Zile însângerate la Iaşi and, 28. See Mihok, Brigitte, 11n7 also Holocaust denial Mikhailowka, 72, 87n11, 93–96, 98, Neiman, Susan, 202 106–108 New Republic, The (publication), 179 Mikhoels, Solomon, 212 newspapers, 57, 63 Minei, Ion, 28 “New Year flowers for Nanino” (Daghani), Mintel, Walter (SS-Unterscharführer from 94, 95 Mikhailowka), 98 Nicanor, P., 122 “Mircea Eliade File” (Loewenstein), 128 Niculescu-Coca, 245n47 Mischlinge (half-breed), 23 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 202 Mladoveanu, Despina, 141 Night (Hilsenrath), 176 Moghilev camp, 81–85, 181, 182, 188; Night (Wiesel), 10, 176, 197–202 letters from, 7, 77–89 1942 1943 And Thereafter (Sporadic records “Mohn und Gedächtnis” (Poppy and till 1977) (Daghani), 93, 95, 99, 109, 110, Memory) (Celan), 144 111, 112; “ROLL-CALL” and, 106 Montaigne, Michel de, 181 Noica, Constantin, 127, 177, 191n8 morality, 91 nostalgia, 182, 196 Moţa, Ion, 124, 127 Novick, Peter, 24, 27 mothers: Appelfeld and, 160, 162–163, Nünning, Ansgar, 225 166–167, 169–173; Manea and, 183, Nünning, Vera, 3 187–188 Nuremberg Laws, 22, 146, 211 272 / index

Octombrie, ora 8 (October 8 O’Clock) Plicul negru (The Black Envelope) (Manea), 176 (Manea), 176, 185 Office of Jewish Affairs II, 72–73 “Poem pentru umbra Marianei” (Poem for Oişteanu, Andrei, 8 Marianne’s Shadow) (Celan), 148 O istorie sinceră a poporului român (A pogroms, 23; of Bucharest, 4, 27, 130, Sincere History of the Romanian 218; films and, 229; images of, 183; of People) (Constantiniu), 31 Jassy, 187; media addressing, 227; O Krisinitori/Judecătorul (documentary), silence and, 225; state-sanctioned anti- 228 Semitism and, 22. See also Iaşi pogrom Om frumos (Beautiful Man) (Puric), 204 Polihroniade, Mihail, 119 “On the way to work on the road” Popovici, Traian, 5–6, 7, 65, 70, 73, 189; (Daghani), 93 deportation exemptions and, 66–68, 69, “Open Letter to the President...of the 72 ” (Coja), 35–36 Portugal Journal, The (Eliade), 8, 54, 130, Operation Barbarossa, 80 132n12 “Ora e cea de ieri” (It is the Hour of Porumbacu, Veronica, 141 Yesterday) (Celan), 148 Porunca Vremii (newspaper), 57 ordinances, 60, 61 predestination, 198 organized forgetting, 39n19, 226; Present Pasts (Huyssen), 2 Connerton and, 241n8 propaganda, 216 Origins of Totalitarianism (Arendt), 177, 185 Protopopescu, ş, 124 Proust, Marcel, 113 Pachet, Pierre, 52–53, 54 Prut River killings, 58, 60 Paleologu, Alexandru, 31 Puncte Cardinale (Cardinal Points) paradoxes, 79–80, 85 (magazine), 36 Partidul România Mare (Greater Romania Puric, Dan, 203–204, 206 Party), 12n19, 32–34, 202 Passé Présent Présent Passé (Ionesco), 191n6 Rabinovici, Anişoara (“Nanino,” “Anna”), “Passersby” (Kafka), 140 92–98, 100, 106, 108–112 Pătrăşcanu, Lucreţiu, 19 racial legislation, 22–23 Patrut, Iulia-Karin, 9 racism, 246n52 Pauker, Ana, 203 Racoveanu, Gheorghe, 122 Paul Celan: Dimensiunea românească (Paul Radulescu, Domnica, 10 Celan: The Romanian Dimension) Rădulescu, Răzvan, 237 (Solomon), 8 Ralea, Mihail, 213 Păun, Paul, 140 “Rats of Jassy, The” (Malaparte), 48, 52, Pavel, Mărioara (Transnistria Romani 54n3 survivor), 228–229 Reading the Holocaust (Clendinnen), 8 Peasants (Chekhov), 140 Record, The (news bulletin), 4 “perfection” of suffering, 198, 201, 207 “Regăsire” (Encounter) (Celan), 148 Petrescu, Corina, 10 religious feelings, 168–169 Petrescu, Gheorghe, 66 repetition, Daghani and, 105–106 Petreu, Marta, 130, 179–180 representation, 8, 91 Philippide, Alexandru, 141 responsibility, 39n24; of Antonescu for Pinchevski, Moshe, 209, 212, 215, 216 Transnistrian Holocaust, 29, 31, 229; for Pintilie, Lucian, 226 Communism, 203–204, 240; deflected, Piontek, Heinz, 144 32, 34, 226; deportations and, 210; of Pistiner, Rita (Cernăuţi survivor), 69 Germany, 213, 218; Iaşi pogrom and, 240; index / 273

of Jews for attacks against Romanian army, Salomon, Charlotte, 108 41n34; memory work and, 225; Romanian Săptămâna (weekly paper), 181, 192n16 Holocaust and, 29, 58, 80, 242n14; Schileru, Eugen, 97 scientific accuracy to determine, 35; for Schindler, Oskar, 5 suffering of Jews, 31; of survivors, 105 Schindler’s List (film), 233 “Réveillon,” (Awake/New Year’s Eve) Schlattner, Eginald, 229 (Celan), 148 Schmitt-Hollstein, Dorothea, 233 revisionist history, 19, 24 Scholem, Gustav, 128–129 revisions of Daghani’s diaries, 99–100, Schultz, Deborah, 7–8 105–106 Schwammenthal, Beate (Cernăuţi Jew), 69 Rhinocéros (Ionesco), 121, 191n6, 206 Scurtu, Ioan, 31, 41n34 Richter, Gustav, 128 Sebastian, Mihail (Iosef Hechter), 8, 9, 30, Ricœur, Paul, 7, 87 120, 121, 191n11; death of, 129–130, da Rimini, Francesca, 200 191n12; identity and, 187; Manea and, “ROLL-CALL” (Daghani), 106 177–181, 186; Petreu and, Roller, Mihail, 26 179–180. See also Eliade/Sebastian Roma (Romanies, “Gypsies”), 20, 204, friendship 236, 246n52 Se questo è un uomo (Survival at Auschwitz) Roma (Romani) Holocaust (Porraimos), (Levi), 176 228, 233, 243n18 Shachan, Avigdor, 81 România Mare (magazine), 32, 33 Shafir, Michael, 5, 6, 20–21; Romanian anti-Semitism, 58 anti-Semitism and, 180; on Holocaust Romanian Holocaust Remembrance Day, denial, 36; Iliescu and, 241n9; on 4 negationism, 226 Romanian language, 139–140, 141, 148, Shmueli, Ilana, 139 175 Shoah. See Holocaust Romanian Ministry for Education, 30 Sighet, Romania, 8, 13n27, 196 Romanian People’s Republic, 97 Sighet, Sighet (film), 13n27 Romanian return to Cernăuţi (summer of Silbermann, Edith, 139 1941), 58–60 silence, 25; Appelfeld and, 173; Romanian troops in Cernăuţi, 58, 80, 93 Communism and, 3; Gabrea and, 227; Romani (Roma) victims, 11, 229, 233, genocide and, 10; Gruber’s journey and, 235; attitude of Romanians toward, 237; Haidu and, 225, 226; Holocaust 240, 246n52; competitive films and, 240; Mihaileanu and, 233; victimhood, hierarchization of, 3, Transnistrian camps, 226, 228–229; 236, 243n21; stereotypes associated Wiesel and, 197; Wiesel Commission with, 236 and, 196 Roma survivors, 228, 229, 243n18 Silvestru, Valentin, 217 Roth, Philip, 170–171 Sima, Horia, 38n8 Rotman, Liviu, 225, 227–228 Simion, Aurică, 27 Rubel, Kubi (Cernăuţi Jew), 68 Sippur Haim (The Story of a Life) (Appelfeld), 157, 162–164, 169, Sachs, Nelly, 139 170–171, 176 Sadova, Marietta, 119 Skin, The (Malaparte), 47 St. Augustine, 198, 205 Skloot, Robert, 210 St. Bernard, 198 slave labor, 93 de Saint Cheron, Michaël, 201, 205, 207 snow, 200–201 Salazar, António de Oliveira, 128 Socialist Realism, Soviet model of, 97 274 / index

Solomon, Petre, 8, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, testimonies, 5, 8, 91, 98–100; letters as, 147 77–79 Solomovici, Teşu, 33, 41n35 Theodorescu, Răzvan, 39n25 Solonari, Vladimir, 2 “Todestango”/“Todesfuge” (Tango of southern Romania, 5–6 Death/Death Fugue), 144–145, 152n30, Soviet Army, 79–80, 212–214, 218; in 176 Cernăuţi, 58, 93; Fascism and, 4; Todt Organisation, 93 Nahtshiht and, 217 totalitarianism, 22, 175, 176, 184, 185. See Spielberg, Stephen, 233 also Communism; Fascism Spina, Geri, 214 Totok, William, 32 Spitzer, Leo, 2, 6–7 Train de vie (Train of Life) (film), 10, 227, Stalin, Joseph, 27 229, 233–238, 240, 245n39 Stanislavski, Konstantin, 212 translations, 8, 142; of Celan, 140; of Star of Romania award, 12n19, 34, 41n38, letters, 77–78; of Manea, 176 202 transnationality of Celan, 137–138 Stasia (introduced Daghani to Abrasha), 109 Transnistria, the Hell (documentary), 228 Steinberg, Stefan, 235 Transnistria 1941–1942 (Ancel), 86 Steingasse (Rom.: Şt. O. Iosif; Uk.: Transnistria: The Forgotten Cemetery Pereyaslavska) (Cernăuţi), 62, 63–64 (Fisher), 3 Stoenescu, Alex Mihail, 31, 33, 40n28 Transnistria/Transnistrian Holocaust, 1–2, stories, 164 3–5, 69, 73, 96, 225–226; Antonescu’s story (as term), 159 orders and, 35; Communism as compared Story of a Life, The (Appelfeld), 157, to, 180; deportations to, 184; Eliade and, 162–164, 169, 170–171, 176 130; Hlihor on, 41n34; letters and, 7, Strette (Celan), 79 77–89; media addressing, 227; paradoxes Struma disaster, 242n12 in, 79–80; silence and, 226, 228–229; Sturdza, Dimitrie, 6 Zile însângerate la Iaşi and, 28 Sturdza, M.D., 50 Transylvania, 10, 26, 29, 215, 226 “Sunday morning” (Daghani), 108, 110 Tricolorul (newspaper), 33 survival: art and, 93–94, 109; in Cernăuţi, Trihatz (Trichati), 85 71 “Tristeţe” (Sorrow) (Celan), 148 survivors, 25, 164, 228; guilt of, 96, 105 Tröger, Beate, 150n2 Sword of the Archangel, The (Ioanid), 231 Tudor, Corneliu Vadim, 12n19, 32–34, 40n33, 42n38, 202, 226 Taguieff, Pierre-André, 6, 36 25th Hour, The (Gheorghiu), 54 Tănase, Constantin, 230, 244n28 Twers, Albert (German), 85–86 Tănase, Radu, 243n25 Tzili: The Story of a Life (Appelfeld), “Tangoul morţii” (Celan), 140, 143 170–171 Tarassiwka camp, 87n11, 96, 106 Teatrul Evreesc de Stat (TES) (Jewish State Ukraine, 91, 92, 98, 105–106 Theater), 10, 209, 215 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Teich, Meir (deported from Suceava to (USSR), 25 Transnistria), 81 United Rumanian Jews of America, 4 Teodorescu (police commissioner of United States Holocaust Memorial Cernăuţi), 59 Museum, 77 Teodorescu, Jeanine, 9 “Untitled (woman with baskets and diary TES. See Teatrul Evreesc de Stat (TES) entry)” (Daghani), 103 (Jewish State Theater) Uricaru, Eugen, 6, 50 index / 275

Vatra (newspaper), 181 41n38, 202; term Holocaust and, Velciu, Emil, 86 151n25; vs. Dante, 10 Viaţa evreească (Jewish Life) (publication), Wiesel Commission, 4, 23, 39n22, 180, 226, 214 244n38; Buzatu and, 34; Goma’s threat to Vilna Troupe, 211, 212 sue, 32; Iliescu and, 196; influence of, 36; La vita e bella (film), 234, 245n39 recommendations of, 203 Vizuina (The Bunker) (Manea), 176 Wieviorka, Michel, 6, 24, 27, 36 Voicu, George, 180 Williams, Robin, 234 von Ficker, Ludwig, 146 , 22 von Haas, Helmuth, 144 Writers’ Union of Romania, 50 Vremea (journal), 123 Writing and Rewriting the Holocaust (Young), 8 war crimes: deportations from Cernăuţi and, 57, 61, 63–69, 71–73, 79, 80–81, Yad Vashem, 66, 78 93; Lübeck investigations and, yellow stars, 60–61 98–100; Nuremberg Laws and, 22, Yerushalmi, Yehudit Terris (Transnistria 146, 211 survivor), 84 “wasserfarbenes Wild, Ein” (A Yiddish language, 188, 210–211, 215, 217, Watercolored Fleece) (Celan), 141 218 water, 164, 169 Yiddish theater, 209–219; Ikh leb and, 10, Werner, Klaus, 150n2 209, 212–214, 215, 216, 218; IKUF and, Weyrauch, Wolfgang, 144 10, 209, 211–215; Nahtshiht and, 10, What a Nice World (Daghani), 93–94, 99, 209, 215–217, 219; objectives of, 210; 101, 103, 104, 108, 115; appearance of, TES and, 10, 209, 215–217; Vilna 102 Troupe and, 211, 212 White, Hayden, 99–100 Yom Kippur, 106 “Why I Believe in the Victory of the Young, James, 8, 235 Legionary Movement” (Eliade), 125–127 Zeitgehöft (Celan), 139 Wiesel, Elie, 8, 195, 196–202, 205–207, Zile însângerate la Iaşi (Bloody Days in 226; Buzatu and, 34–35; departure Iaşi) (Kareţki and Covaci), 28 from Romania by, 11; on forgetfulness, Zina (newspaper), 30 225; Manea and, 176; Night, 10, 176, Zivilisationsbruch (collapse of civilization), 197–202; Sighet and, 8, 13n27, 196; 138 Star of Romania award and, 13n19, 34, Žižek, Slavoj, 234