Political Antisemitism in Romania? Hard Data and Its Soft Underbelly Shafir, Michael
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Trials of the War Criminals
TRIALS OF THE WAR CRIMINALS General Considerations The Fascist regime that ruled Romania between September 14, 1940, and August 23, 1944, was brought to justice in Bucharest in May 1946, and after a short trial, its principal leaders—Ion and Mihai Antonescu and two of their closest assistants—were executed, while others were sentenced to life imprisonment or long terms of detention. At that time, the trial’s verdicts seemed inevitable, as they indeed do today, derived inexorably from the defendants’ decisions and actions. The People’s Tribunals functioned for a short time only. They were disbanded on June 28, 1946,1 although some of the sentences were not pronounced until sometime later. Some 2,700 cases of suspected war criminals were examined by a commission formed of “public prosecutors,”2 but only in about half of the examined cases did the commission find sufficient evidence to prosecute, and only 668 were sentenced, many in absentia.3 There were two tribunals, one in Bucharest and one in Cluj. It is worth mentioning that the Bucharest tribunal sentenced only 187 people.4 The rest were sentenced by the tribunal in Cluj. One must also note that, in general, harsher sentences were pronounced by the Cluj tribunal (set up on June 22, 1 Marcel-Dumitru Ciucă, “Introducere” in Procesul maresalului Antonescu (Bucharest: Saeculum and Europa Nova, 1995-98), vol. 1: p. 33. 2 The public prosecutors were named by communist Minister of Justice Lucret iu Pătrăşcanu and most, if not all of them were loyal party members, some of whom were also Jews. -
“Romanian Football Federation: in Search of Good Governance”
“Romanian Football Federation: in search of good governance” Florian Petrică Play The Game 2017 Eindhoven, November 29 LPF vs FRF Control over the national team and distribution of TV money Gigi Becali, FCSB owner (former Razvan Burleanu, FRF president Steaua) “The future is important now. Burleanu is - under his mandate, the Romanian national a problem, he should go, it is necessary team was led for the first time by a foreign to combine the sports, journalistic and coach – the German Christoph Daum political forces to get him down. National forces must also be involved to take him - has attracted criticism from club owners after down" Gigi Becali proposing LPF to cede 5% of TV rights revenue to lower leagues. Romanian teams in international competitions The National Team World Cup 1994, SUA: the 6th place 1998, France: latest qualification FIFA ranking: 3-rd place, 1997 The European Championship 2000, Belgium - Netherlands: the 7-th place National was ranked 7th 2016: latest qualification (last place in Group A, no win) FIFA ranking: 41-st place, 2017 The Romanian clubs 2006: Steaua vs Rapid in the quarterfinals of the UEFA Cup. Steaua lost the semi-final with Middlesbrough (2-4) ROMANIA. THE MOST IMPORTANT FOOTBALL TRANSFERS. 1990-2009 No Player Club Destination Value (dollars) Year 1. Mirel Rădoi Steaua Al Hilal 7.700.000 2009 2. Ionuţ Mazilu Rapid Dnepr 5.200.000 2008 3. Gheorghe Hagi Steaua Real Madrid 4.300.000 1990 4. George Ogararu Steaua Ajax 4.000.000 2006 5. Adrian Ropotan Dinamo Dinamo Moscova 3.900.000 2009 6. -
Romania's Cultural Wars: Intellectual Debates About the Recent Past
ROMANIA'S CULTURAL WARS : Intellectual Debates about the Recent Past Irina Livezeanu University of Pittsburgh The National Council for Eurasian and East European Researc h 910 17`" Street, N.W . Suite 300 Washington, D.C. 2000 6 TITLE VIII PROGRAM Project Information* Contractor : University of Pittsburgh Principal Investigator: Irina Livezeanu Council Contract Number : 816-08 Date : March 27, 2003 Copyright Informatio n Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from research funde d through a contract or grant from the National Council for Eurasian and East European Researc h (NCEEER). However, the NCEEER and the United States Government have the right to duplicat e and disseminate, in written and electronic form, reports submitted to NCEEER to fulfill Contract o r Grant Agreements either (a) for NCEEER's own internal use, or (b) for use by the United States Government, and as follows : (1) for further dissemination to domestic, international, and foreign governments, entities and/or individuals to serve official United States Government purposes or (2) for dissemination in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law or policy of th e United States Government granting the public access to documents held by the United State s Government. Neither NCEEER nor the United States Government nor any recipient of this Report may use it for commercial sale . * The work leading to this report was supported in part by contract or grant funds provided by th e National Council for Eurasian and East European Research, funds which were made available b y the U.S. Department of State under Title VIII (The Soviet-East European Research and Trainin g Act of 1983, as amended) . -
Strategies of 'Aesopian Language' in Romanian Literary Criticism Under
SLOVO , VOL. 24, NO . 2 (A UTUMN 2012), 75-95. The Rhetoric of Subversion: Strategies of ‘Aesopian Language’ in Romanian Literary Criticism under Late Communism ANDREI TERIAN Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania This paper analyses the subversive strategies of ‘Aesopian language’ with reference to the discourse of the Romanian literary criticism written under late communism (1971-1989). The first two sections of the paper signal certain gaps and inconstancies in defining Aesopian language and in delineating its forms of manifestation; at the same time, they explain the spread of this subversive practice in the political and cultural context of Romanian communism. The following three sections analyse the manner in which Aesopian language materialized in the writings of some of the most important contemporary Romanian critics: Mircea Iorgulescu, Nicolae Manolescu and Mircea Martin. The final section of the study considers a revision of the current definitions of Aesopian language (through the concept of “triggers” theorized in this paper), a new classification of the rhetorical strategies acting globally in a subversive text, as well as a re-evaluation of the relevance of Aesopian language in the context of ‘resistance through culture’, which was the main form of opposition against the communist regime in Romania. INTRODUCTION In the Foreword to his famous pamphlet Imperialism: the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917), V.I. Lenin cautioned his readers that the paper had been written ‘with an eye to the tsarist censorship’; therefore, he had found it essential to render his subversive doctrine ‘with extreme caution, by hints, in an allegorical language – in that accursed Aesopian language – to which tsarism compelled all revolutionaries to have recourse whenever they took up the pen to write a “legal” work’. -
Football and Romanian Masculinity. How It Is Constructed by the Sport Media?
STUDIA UBB SOCIOLOGIA, 62 (LXII), 2, 2017, pp. 79-97 DOI: 10.1515/subbs-2017-0012 FOOTBALL AND ROMANIAN MASCULINITY. HOW IT IS CONSTRUCTED BY THE SPORT MEDIA? LÁSZLÓ PÉTER1 ABSTRACT. The present article is focusing on hegemonic masculinity represented and expressed by the professional footballers. Based on the empirical study using text analysis of leading articles published in central Romanian sport newspapers I draw the ideal-typical picture of the normative model of Romanian hegemonic masculinity in which the domestic coaches play a determinant role. Their personal-individual and collective-professional features like determination, steadiness, honesty, pride, mutual respect, knowledge, tenaciousness, sense of vocation, solidarity, spirit of fighting are the corner points of the constructed Romanian manhood, or hegemonic masculinity during social change. The manliness is traced along the inner characteristic of the coaches but in strong contradiction with the foreign trainers. In this respect I can state that football is connected not only with masculinity but in some respect also with the national characteristics embodied by the Romanian coaches especially those working home. Keywords: football, hegemonic masculinity, media, discourses Introduction Football and masculinity had been connected: ball games were played by men as early as in the antiquity and in the Middle Ages. It can be assumed that the “game”, often leading to fights, hitting and affray, provided an opportunity to men to express and show their physical strength, resolution and masculine qualities to the women of the community. Playing ball games meant public/ community events, during which participant men could leave the monotonous routine of everyday life behind and could show off their masculine features to their audience.2 Team sports represent socializing frames in which competing or contesting men acquire and express the institutional and organized standards of their masculinity (Anderson, 2008). -
Marius Lăcătuș
959.168 DE VIZITATORI unici lunar pe www.prosport.ro (SATI) • 619.000 CITITORI zilnic (SNA octombrie 2007 - octombrie 2008) Numărul 3600 Marți, 21 aprilie 2009 24 pagini Tiraj: 110.000 AZI AI BANI, MAȘINI ȘI CUPOANE DE PARIURI ÎN ZIAR »17 ATENȚIE!!! VALIZA CU BANI Cotidian național de sport editat de Publimedia Internațional - Companie MediaPro EDIȚIE NAȚIONALĂ de AZI AI TALON! GHEORGHIU Unii conducători de club GHEORGHIU află prin intermediul LIGA LUI MITICĂ, INTERMEDIAR LPF cine îi arbitrează BOZOVIC, TURIST cu mult înaintea ÎNTRE CLUBURI ŞI ARBITRI! anunului oficial »14 LA RAPID Muntenegreanul evacuat din casă speră să devină liber România pentru că nu avea viză de DIALOG DE TAINĂ ÎNTRE PATRON, ANTRENOR muncă, ci de turist »8-9 ŞI JUCĂTORI ÎN VESTIARUL STELEI de NEGOESCU ZOOM: Gheorghiu explică de MARIAN »2-5 de ce l-a bătut Rapid pe Foto: Alexandru HOJDA Lucescu jr »18 VORBELE ETAPEI: Caramavrov şi Geantă despre eliberarea Stelei »19 SPECIAL Mircea Rednic pare că se ghidea- ză la Dinamo după deviza „antrena- mentele lungi şi dese, cheia marilor succese“ GIGI BECALI: »6-7 DOAR Cel mai bun ziar de sport din din sport de ziar bun mai Cel O ZI LIBERĂ ro „Vreau titlul!“ ÎN DOUĂ MARIUS LĂCĂTUȘ: SĂPTĂMÂNI! de PITARU N-AM FOST LA EURO PENTRU CĂ AVEAM „i-l iau!“ MÂNECI SCURTE! Lubos Michel a mai găsit o • Becali îl împinge pe Dayro înapoi între titulari! • Ghionea a aflat ieri scuză pentru greşeala care că mâine e suspendat! • Steaua – CFR, în premieră fără prime • Clujenii ne-a lăsat acasă la Euro www.prosport. -
From Periphery to Centre.The Image of Europe at the Eastern Border of Europe
Munich Personal RePEc Archive From Periphery to Centre.The Image of Europe at the Eastern Border of Europe Şipoş, Sorin and Moisa, Gabriel and Cepraga, Dan Octavian and Brie, Mircea and Mateoc, Teodor University of Oradea, Romania, University of Padova, Italy 2014 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59276/ MPRA Paper No. 59276, posted 15 Oct 2014 12:04 UTC Edited by: Sorin Şipoş, Gabriel Moisa, Dan Octavian Cepraga, Mircea Brie, Teodor Mateoc From Periphery to Centre. The Image of Europe at the Eastern Border of Europe Editorial committee: Delia-Maria Radu Roxana Ivaşca Alexandra Bere Ionuţ Ciorba CONTENTS Sorin ŞIPOŞ, Dan Octavian CEPRAGA, From Periphery to Centre. The Image of Europe at the Eastern Border of Europe ………..………..… 5 I. PERIPHERY VIEWED FROM THE CENTRE …………………..… 13 Lorenzo RENZI, «Terra Romena» ……………………………………..… 15 Ion Alexandru MIZGAN, The Crusades – Cause of Tension between Eastern and Western Europe ………………………………………...…..…21 Florin DOBREI, Transylvanian “Schismatics”, “Heretics” and “Infidels” in the Vision of 13th-16th Century Catholic Europe ……………………..… 47 Ioan-Aurel POP, 16th Century Venetian Bailiffs‟ Reports on Realities in the Ottoman Empire …………………………………………………..… 61 Ion EREMIA, A False Theory Still Persists at the Eastern Border of Latinity .. 76 Delia-Maria RADU, From Centre to the Periphery and the Other Way Round ………………………………………………………..……..… 88 Teodor MATEOC, Identity and Race. The Problem of Otherness in Contemporary Cultural Studies …………………………………...……..…96 II. SELF-IMAGES AT EUROPE’S EASTERN BORDERS -
Between Denial and "Comparative Trivialization": Holocaust Negationism in Post-Communist East Central Europe
Between Denial and "Comparative Trivialization": Holocaust Negationism in Post-Communist East Central Europe Michael Shafir Motto: They used to pour millet on graves or poppy seeds To feed the dead who would come disguised as birds. I put this book here for you, who once lived So that you should visit us no more Czeslaw Milosz Introduction* Holocaust denial in post-Communist East Central Europe is a fact. And, like most facts, its shades are many. Sometimes, denial comes in explicit forms – visible and universally-aggressive. At other times, however, it is implicit rather than explicit, particularistic rather than universal, defensive rather than aggressive. And between these two poles, the spectrum is large enough to allow for a large variety of forms, some of which may escape the eye of all but the most versatile connoisseurs of country-specific history, culture, or immediate political environment. In other words, Holocaust denial in the region ranges from sheer emulation of negationism elsewhere in the world to regional-specific forms of collective defense of national "historic memory" and to merely banal, indeed sometime cynical, attempts at the utilitarian exploitation of an immediate political context.1 The paradox of Holocaust negation in East Central Europe is that, alas, this is neither "good" nor "bad" for the Jews.2 But it is an important part of the * I would like to acknowledge the support of the J. and O. Winter Fund of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York for research conducted in connection with this project. I am indebted to friends and colleagues who read manuscripts of earlier versions and provided comments and corrections. -
STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS MOLDAVIAE, 2017, Nr.4(104) Seria “{Tiin\E Umanistice” ISSN 1811-2668 ISSN Online 2345-1009 P.135-144
STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS MOLDAVIAE, 2017, nr.4(104) Seria “{tiin\e umanistice” ISSN 1811-2668 ISSN online 2345-1009 p.135-144 CZU: 94:070 (498) DERAPÂND PRIN ISTORIE. DISCURS IDENTITAR, CINEMA ŞI IDEOLOGIE ÎN ROMÂNIA COMUNISTĂ Gabriel MOISA Universitatea din Oradea (România) Dezvoltarea cinematografiei şi a televiziunii într-un moment în care întraga viaţa socială era extrem de controlată transformă inclusiv filmul istoric într-o sursă documentară, chiar dacă deseori discutabilă în ceea ce privește prezentarea adevărului. Propaganda totalitară a generat o distorsionare extremă a acestui tip de sursă istorică. În peisajul cinemato- grafic românesc, cu foarte puține excepții, producțiile de film și de televiziune au distorsionat în diferite grade realitățile prezentate. În România, ca şi în alte state totalitare, atât producţiile de ficţiune, cât şi cele documentare pot fi folosite ca sursă istorică pentru reconstituirea trecutului, dar numai în anumite condiții. De fapt, urmârind filmul istoric produs în România în anii regimului communist, putem constata cele mai fine accente ale cenzurii existente în România vremii. Studiul urmăreşte câteva accente ideologice surprinse în evoluţia filmului istoric românesc în timpul regimului co- munist, o perioadă extrem de interesantă şi adesea favorabilă pentru această categorie de filme. Ceea ce se poate constata este existenţa unui teribil control politic şi ideologic în contextul în care rezultatul trebuia să reflecte punctul de vedere oficial asupra trecutului. Noile realități românești favorizate de evenimentele din 23 august 1944 au avut consecințe negative asupra cinematografiei românești. Împreună cu alte zone din viața românească, cinematografia a suferit mai multe transformări pentru a se con- forma noii fizionomii a României. -
Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past: a Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region
CBEES State of the Region Report 2020 Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past A Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region Published with support from the Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies (Östersjstiftelsen) Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past A Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region December 2020 Publisher Centre for Baltic and East European Studies, CBEES, Sdertrn University © CBEES, Sdertrn University and the authors Editor Ninna Mrner Editorial Board Joakim Ekman, Florence Frhlig, David Gaunt, Tora Lane, Per Anders Rudling, Irina Sandomirskaja Layout Lena Fredriksson, Serpentin Media Proofreading Bridget Schaefer, Semantix Print Elanders Sverige AB ISBN 978-91-85139-12-5 4 Contents 7 Preface. A New Annual CBEES Publication, Ulla Manns and Joakim Ekman 9 Introduction. Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past, David Gaunt and Tora Lane 15 Background. Eastern and Central Europe as a Region of Memory. Some Common Traits, Barbara Trnquist-Plewa ESSAYS 23 Victimhood and Building Identities on Past Suffering, Florence Frhlig 29 Image, Afterimage, Counter-Image: Communist Visuality without Communism, Irina Sandomirskaja 37 The Toxic Memory Politics in the Post-Soviet Caucasus, Thomas de Waal 45 The Flag Revolution. Understanding the Political Symbols of Belarus, Andrej Kotljarchuk 55 Institutes of Trauma Re-production in a Borderland: Poland, Ukraine, and Lithuania, Per Anders Rudling COUNTRY BY COUNTRY 69 Germany. The Multi-Level Governance of Memory as a Policy Field, Jenny Wstenberg 80 Lithuania. Fractured and Contested Memory Regimes, Violeta Davoliūtė 87 Belarus. The Politics of Memory in Belarus: Narratives and Institutions, Aliaksei Lastouski 94 Ukraine. Memory Nodes Loaded with Potential to Mobilize People, Yuliya Yurchuk 106 Czech Republic. -
Symposia Conference Book
icd institute for cultural diplomacy The 2013 Symposia on Cultural Diplomacy “The Potential for Cultural Diplomacy in Supporting National and International Governance” (Berlin, Ankara, Istanbul, Bucharest, Rome, Washington, D.C., New York City, Brussels, London; May-August 2013) The International Symposia on Cultural Diplomacy 2013 “The Potential for Cultural Diplomacy in Supporting National and International Governance” (Berlin, Ankara, Istanbul, Bucharest, Rome, Washington, D.C., New York City, Brussels, London; May-August 2013) Table of Contents Introduction The International Symposia on Cultural Diplomacy 2013 is now 5 years old Introduction ........................................................................................... 2 and has become the world’s largest event in the field of Cultural Diplomacy. The sixth Symposia took place in 2013 and included large-scale events tak- Conference Summaries ing place in different major capital cities in cooperation with governments, leading academic institutions and civil society organizations throughout the Symposium on Cultural Diplomacy in the Mediterranean ........... 3 months of May - July 2013. Symposium on Cultural Diplomacy in Germany ........................... 5 Symposium on Cultural Diplomacy in the Levant ......................... 7 The focus of the 2013 symposia was to explore the potential for cultural di- Symposium on Cultural Diplomacy & Human Rights..................... 9 plomacy to successfully support national and international governance; and Symposium on Cultural -
Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” Din Bucureşti
ACADEMIA ROMÂNĂ FOLIA LINGUISTICA BUCARESTIENSIA Buletinul Institutului de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” din Bucureşti Nr. 3 (ianuarie–iunie) 2009 EDITURA ACADEMIEI ROMÂNE Bucureşti, 2009 1 Varianta electronică a acestui număr al buletinului Institutului de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” din Bucureşti, care cuprinde şi rezumatele comunicărilor, poate fi consultată pe site-ul Institutului. Redactori: Doina-Paula Doroftei, Carmen Mîrzea Vasile, Maria Mărdărescu-Teodorescu Tehnoredactare: Ana-Cătălina Pătraşcu Calea 13 Septembrie nr. 13 C.P. 42-37, 050711 Bucureşti Tel.: + 4-021-318 24 52 Fax: + 4-021-318 24 17 E-mail: [email protected] www.iordan.lingv.ro 2 MODIFICĂRI ÎN COMPONENŢA COLECTIVELOR DE CERCETARE Promovări – confirmarea pe postul de cercetător ştiinţific I: Ana-Maria Barbu – atestarea pe postul de asistent de cercetare: Ana-Maria Mihail, Alexandru Nicolae PROGRAME ŞI PROIECTE DE CERCETARE – 2009 – 10 programe: I. Atlase lingvistice româneşti, II. Banca de informare şi documentare lingvistică, III. Cultivarea limbii române, IV. Dialecte şi graiuri din România şi din afara graniţelor, V. Fonetica limbii române, VI. Lexicografie bilingvă şi multilingvă, VII. Limba ca expresie a culturii naţionale, VIII. Proiecte internaţionale, IX. Tezaurul lexical al limbii române, X. Tezaurul toponimic al României, totalizând 33 de proiecte, dintre care 8 proiecte fundamentale ale Academiei Române – Proiecte noi: 1. Atlas sociolingvistic al aromânei 2. Limba română vorbită actuală (transcriere de texte şi interpretarea lor) 3. Texte dialectale aromâne din Grecia şi Fosta Republică Iugoslavă a Macedoniei Programul I. ATLASE LINGVISTICE ROMÂNEŞTI 1. Atlas sociolingvistic al aromânei – realizator: Emanuela Nevaci 2. Atlasul lingvistic al dialectului aromân (ALAR), vol. I – autor: Nicolae Saramandu 3.