Primary Sidelighted Area, Or the Daylight Area Under Rooftop Monitors, Or 3

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Session Goals Why 2007 is important Why care about 2010 Major changes from 2007 to 2010? 64 slides Van McCoy & Soul City Symphony Do the Hustle!!

Q: 90.1-2007? Q: Mandatory vs Prescriptive? Q: Simplified HVAC?

1 Why all the fuss about … ASHRAE 90.1-2007?

2 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 2009

As a condition of accepting the ARRA funding … the states have committed to do three things relating to building energy codes: a) Adopt a building energy code for residential buildings that meets or exceeds the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code, b) Adopt a building energy code for commercial buildings and high rise residential that meets or exceeds the ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007, and; c) Develop and implement a plan, including active training and enforcement provisions, to achieve 90% compliance with the target codes by 2017, including measuring current compliance each year.

3 Do you have projects in any of these States?

4 Do you work on Federal Buildings? August 2011 By October 11, 2012 DOE requires all new Federal Buildings must meet 90.1-2007 90.1-2007 is important! So why talk about 90.1-2010? October 19, 2011 Federal Registry By October 18, 2013 all States must certify that their Energy Code meets or exceeds 90.1-2010

5 Comparison of 90.1-2007 vs 90.1-2010

How is a new edition developed?

Let the DOE describe it

6 A total of 109 addenda to Standard 90.1-2007 exist. All addenda were applied to ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 to create ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010. Table 3. Overall Summary of Addenda Impact Major Negative Minor Negative Neutral Minor Positive Major Positive Total None 6 47 37 19 109 Example Addendum aq This addendum changes the Purpose of Standard 90.1 to establish minimum energy efficiency requirements of commercial buildings for design, construction, and a plan for operation and maintenance and use of onsite renewable energy resources.

n addition, the Scope of Standard 90.1 is expanded to include operation and maintenance as well as inclusion of new equipment.

7 7 2007 2010 1. PURPOSE 1. PURPOSE

To provide minimum requirements for the To establish the minimum energy efficiency energy-efficient design of buildings except requirements of buildings, other than low rise low-rise residential buildings. residential buildings, for: 1. design, construction, and a plan for operation and maintenance, and 2. utilization of on-site, renewable energy resources.

8 2007 2010 2. SCOPE 2. SCOPE

This standard provides: This standard provides: a. minimum energy-efficient requirements a. minimum energy-efficient requirements for for the design and construction of: the design, construction, and a plan for operation and maintenance of: 1. new buildings and their systems 1. new buildings and their systems 2. new portions of buildings and their 2. new portions of buildings and their systems systems 3. new systems and equipment in existing 3. new systems and equipment in existing buildings buildings 4. new equipment or building systems specifically identified in the standard that are part of industrial or manufacturing processes

Users Manual Requirements have been added to address laboratories, kitchen ventilation, data centers and elevator cabs. Future addenda will likely address other manufacturing and/or industrial processes

9 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS skylight: a fenestration surface having a slope < 60 degrees from horizontal

10 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS skylight: rooftop monitors: vertical fenestration integral to the roof

11 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS daylighted area: the floor area substantially illuminated by daylight

12 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS daylighted area: daylight area: a. under skylights: The daylight area is bounded by the opening beneath the skylight, plus horizontally in each direction, the smallest of: 1. 70% of the ceiling height or 2. the distance to any primary sidelighted area, or the daylight area under rooftop monitors, or 3. the distance to the front face of any vertical obstruction where any part of the obstruction is farther away than 70% of the distance between the top of the obstruction and the ceiling

13 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS daylighted area: daylight area: a. under skylights: Figure 3.1 Computing the daylight area under skylights

14 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS daylighted area: daylight area: a. under skylights: b. under rooftop monitors: The daylight area is the product of the width of the vertical glazing above the ceiling level and the smallest of the following horizontal distances inward from the bottom edge of the glazing: 1. the monitor sill height or 2. the distance to the edge of any primary sidelighted area or 3. the distance to the front face of any vertical obstruction where any part of the obstruction is farther away than the difference between the height of the obstruction and the monitor sill height

15 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS daylighted area: daylight area: a. under skylights: b. under rooftop monitors: Figure 3.2 Computing the daylight area under rooftop monitors

16 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS primary sidelighted area: The primary sidelighted area width is the width of the window plus, on each side, the smallest of: 1. 2 ft or 2. the distance to any 5 ft or higher vertical obstruction.

The primary sidelighted area depth is the horizontal distance perpendicular to the glazing which is the smaller of: 1. one window heat height (head height is the distance from the floor to the top of the glazing), or 2. the distance to any 5 ft or higher vertical obstruction.

17 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS primary sidelighted area: Figure 3.3 Computing the primary sidelight area

18 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS secondary sidelighted area: The secondary sidelighted area width is the width of the window plus, on each side, the smallest of: 1. 2 ft , or 2. the distance to any 5 ft or higher vertical obstruction.

The secondary sidelighted area depth is the horizontal distance perpendicular to the glazing which begins at the edge of the primary sidelighted area depth and ends at the smaller of: 1. one window head height (head height is the distance from the floor to the top of the glazing), or 2. the distance to any 5 ft or higher vertical obstruction.

19 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS secondary sidelighted area: Figure 3.4 Computing the secondary sidelight area

20 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS sidelighting effective aperture: relationship of daylight transmitted through windows to the primary sidelighted areas.

21 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS sidelighting effective aperture: relationship of daylight transmitted through windows to the primary sidelighted areas. The sidelighting effective aperture is calculated according to the following formula: Σwindow area × window VT Sidelighting Effective Aperture = ------area of primary sidelighted area where window VT is the visible transmittance of windows

22 2007 2010 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS sidelighting effective aperture: skylight effective aperture: the visible transmittance of the roof via skylights calculated by the formula: 0.85 × skylight area × skylight VT × WF Skylight Effective Aperture = ------daylight area under skylight Skylight Area = total fenestration area of skylights Skylight VT = area weighted average visible transmittance of skylights as determined in accordance with Section 5.8.2.6. WF = area weighted average well factor WF = 0.9 if light well depth is < 2 ft WF = 0.7 if light well depth is ≥ 2 ft Light well depth is measured vertically from the underside of the lowest point on the skylight glazing to the ceiling plane

We will talk about aperture in six (6) slides

23 ENVELOPE

24 2007 2010 5.4.3 AIR LEAKAGE 5.4.3 AIR LEAKAGE

5.4.3.1 Building Envelope Sealing. The 5.4.3.1 Continuous Air Barrier. The following areas of the building envelope entire building envelope shall be shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or designed and constructed with a weather-stripped to minimize air continuous air barrier. leakage:

25 2007 2010 5.4.3 AIR LEAKAGE 5.4.3 AIR LEAKAGE

5.4.3.1 Building Envelope Sealing. The 5.4.3.1 Continuous Air Barrier. following areas of the building envelope 5.4.3.1.1 Air Barrier Design. The air shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or barrier shall be designed and noted weather-stripped to minimize air in the following manner: leakage: … c. The continuous air barrier shall extend over all surfaces of the building envelope

26 2007 Mandatory 2010 5.4.3 AIR LEAKAGE 5.4.3 AIR LEAKAGE

5.4.3.1 Building Envelope Sealing. The 5.4.3.1 Continuous Air Barrier. following areas of the building envelope 5.4.3.1.1 Air Barrier Design. shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or 5.4.3.1.3 Acceptable Materials weather-stripped to minimize air leakage: 1. Plywood—min 3/8” 2. OSB—min 3/8” 3. Extruded polystyrene board—min ½” 4. Foil-faced urethane board—min ½” 5. Exterior or interior gyp—min ½” 6. Cement board—min ½” 7. Built up roofing membrane 8. Modified bituminous membrane 9. Fully adhered single-ply membrane 10. A Portland cement/sand parge, stucco, or gypsum plaster—min ½” 11. Cast-in-place and precast concrete 12. Sheet metal 13. Closed cell foam 27 2007 Mandatory 2010 5.4.3.4 VESTIBULES 5.4.3.4 VESTIBULES

Exceptions: Exceptions: e. Building entrances in buildings located e. Building entrances in buildings located in climate zone 3 or 4 that are less in climate zone 3 that are less than than four stories above grade and less four stories above grade and less than than 10,000 ft2 in area. 10,000 ft2 in area. f. Building entrances in buildings located f. Building entrances in buildings located in climate zone 5, 6, 7, or 8 that are in climate zone 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 that are less than 1000 ft2 in area. less than 1000 ft2 in area.

28 2007 Prescriptive 2010 5.5.3.1 ROOF INSULATION 5.5.3.1 ROOF INSULATION

5.5.3.1.1 High Albedo Roofs. For roofs 5.5.3.1.1 Roof Solar Reflectance and … where the exterior surface has Thermal Emittance. Roofs, in climate a. a solar reflectance of 0.70 and a zones 1 through 3 shall have one of the minimum thermal emittance of 0.75 or following: b. a minimum SRI of 82, a. a minimum three-year-aged solar the insulation value for the roof shall reflectance of 0.55, and a minimum comply with the values in Table 5.5.3.1. three-year-aged thermal emittance of 0.75 b. a minimum three-year-aged SRI of 64 c. increased roof insulation levels found in Table 5.5.3.1.2.

29 2007 Prescriptive 2010 5.5.4.2 FENESTRATION AREA 5.5.4.2 FENESTRATION AREA 5.5.4.2.2 Skylight Fenestration Area. The 5.5.4.2.2 Maximum Skylight Fenestration total skylight area shall be less than 5% of the Area. The total skylight area shall not gross roof area. exceed 5% of the gross roof area.

5.5.4.2.3 Minimum Skylight Fenestration Exceptions to 5.5.4.2.3: Area. Any enclosed space in a building ≤ 4 f. The required daylight area under skylights stories and: may be reduced by the amount of primary a. ≥ 5,000 ft2 and , sidelighted area with a sidelighting effective b. Ceiling > 15 ft , and aperture greater than 0.15 and with general c. one of the following space types: office, lighting controlled as described in Section lobby, atrium, concourse, corridor, non- 9.4.1.3 … refrigerated warehouse or storage, g. The required daylight area under skylights gymnasium/exercise center, convention may be reduced by the amount of secondary center, automotive service, sidelighted area with a sidelighting effective manufacturing, retail, distribution/sorting aperture greater than 0.30 and with general area, transportation, or workshop, lighting controlled by continuous daylight the total daylight area under skylights shall be dimming. a minimum of half the floor area and either: d. provide a minimum skylight area to daylight area under skylights of 3% with a skylight VT of at least 0.40 or e. provide a minimum skylight effective aperture of at least 1%. 30 2007 Prescriptive 2010 5.5.4.5 Fenestration Orientation

The vertical fenestration area shall meet the following requirement:

As ≥ Aw and As ≥ Ae where As = south oriented An = north oriented Aw = west oriented Ae = east oriented In the southern hemisphere, replace As with An

31 HVAC

32 2007 2010

6.3 Simplified Approach 6.3 Simplified Approach n. Outdoor air intake and exhaust systems shall meet the requirements of Section Mandatory 6.4.3.4. 6.4.3 Controls 6.4.3 Controls 6.4.3.4.2 Gravity Hoods, Vents, and 6.4.3.4.2 Shutoff Damper Controls. All Ventilators. All outdoor air supply and outdoor air intake and exhaust systems shall exhaust hoods, vents, and ventilators shall be equipped with motorized dampers that will be equipped with motorized dampers that automatically shut when the systems or will automatically shut when the spaces spaces served are not in use. Ventilation served are not in use. outdoor air and exhaust/relief dampers shall be capable of automatically shutting off during preoccupancy building warm-up, cool down, and setback

33 2007 2010

6.3 Simplified Approach 6.3 Simplified Approach

b. The equipment must meet the variable flow requirements of Section 6.4.3.10. Mandatory 6.4.3 Controls 6.4.3 Controls

6.4.3.10 Single Zone Variable-Air-Volume Controls. a. SA fans ≥ 5 hp shall have 2 speed motors or variable-speed drives able to reduce the airflow to: 1. One half of the full fan speed, or 2. The volume of outdoor air required to meet Standard 62.1. b. DX ≥ 110,000 Btu/h that serve single zones shall have SA fans controlled by 2 speed motors or variable speed drives able to reduce the airflow to: 1. Two-thirds of the full fan speed, or 2. The volume of outdoor air required to meet Standard 62.1.

34 2007 2010

6.3 Simplified Approach 6.3 Simplified Approach q. The system shall comply with the demand control ventilation requirements in section 6.4.3.9.

35 2007 2010

6.3 Simplified Approach 6.3 Simplified Approach f. The system shall meet the exhaust air energy recovery requirements of Section Prescriptive 6.5.6.1. 6.5.6 Energy Recovery 6.5.6 Energy Recovery

6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery. 6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery. Each Individual fan systems that have both … 5000 fan system shall have an energy recovery cfm or greater and OA 70% shall have an system when the system’s supply air flow rate energy recovery system with at least 50% exceeds the value listed in Table 6.5.6.1 … at recovery effectiveness. least 50% energy recovery effectiveness

36 2007 2010

6.4.1 Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, 6.4.1 Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, and Labeling Requirements and Labeling Requirements

37 2007 2010

6.4.1 Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, 6.4.1 Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, and Labeling Requirements and Labeling Requirements

38 2007 2010

6.4.2 Load Calculations 6.4.2 Calculations

6.4.2 Load Calculations. Heating and 6.4.2.1 Load Calculations. Heating and cooling system design loads … cooling system design loads …

6.4.2.2 Pump Head. … The pressure drop through each device and pipe segment in the critical circuit at design conditions shall be calculated.

39 2007 2010

6.4.4.2 Ducts and Plenum Leakage 6.4.4.2 Ductwork and Plenum Leakage

6.4.4.2.1 Duct Sealing. Ductwork and plenums shall be sealed in accordance with Table 6.4.4.2A

seal class A: a ductwork sealing category that requires sealing all transverse joints, longitudinal seams, and duct wall penetrations. Duct wall penetrations are openings made by pipes, holes, conduit, tie rods, or wires. Longitudinal seams are joints oriented in the direction of airflow. Transverse joints are connections of two duct sections oriented perpendicular to airflow.

40 2007 2010

6.4.4.2 Ducts and Plenum Leakage 6.4.4.2 Ductwork and Plenum Leakage

6.4.4.2.1 Duct Sealing. Ductwork and 6.4.4.2.1 Duct Sealing. Ductwork and all plenums shall be sealed in accordance with plenums with pressure class ratings shall be Table 6.4.4.2A constructed to seal class A, as required to meet the requirements of Section 6.4.4.2.2

6.4.4.2.2 Duct Leakage Tests. Ductwork designed to operate ≥ 3 in. w.c. and all ductwork located outdoors shall be leak- tested. Representative sections totaling no less than 25% of the total installed duct area for the designated pressure class shall be tested.

41 2007 2010

6.5.3.1 Fan System Power Limitation 6.5.3.1 Fan System Power Limitation

6.5.3.2.3 Setpoint Reset. For systems with 6.5.3.2.3 Setpoint Reset. For systems with DDC of individual zone boxes reporting to the DDC of individual zone boxes reporting to the central control panel, static pressure setpoint central control panel, static pressure setpoint shall be reset based on the zone requiring the shall be reset based on the zone requiring the most pressure; i.e., the setpoint is reset lower = most pressure; i.e., the setpoint is reset lower until one zone damper is nearly wide open. until one zone damper is nearly wide open.

42 2007 2010

6.5.3.1 Fan System Power Limitation 6.5.3.1 Fan System Power Limitation

6.5.3.2.3 Setpoint Reset. 6.5.3.2.3 Setpoint Reset. 6.5.3.3 Multiple-zone VAV System Ventilation Optimization Control. Multiple- zone VAV systems with DDC of individual zone boxes reporting to a central control panel shall include means to automatically reduce outdoor air intake flow below design rates in response to changes in system ventilation efficiency as defined by ASHRAE Standard 62.1, Appendix A.

6.5.3.4 Supply-air temperature reset controls. Multiple zone HVAC systems must include controls that automatically reset the supply-air temperature in response to representative building loads, or to outdoor air temperature.

43 2007 2010

6.5.1 Economizers 6.5.1 Economizers

Each cooling system that has a fan shall Each cooling system that has a fan shall include either an air or water economizer include either an air or water economizer meeting the requirements of Sections 6.5.1.1 meeting the requirements of Sections 6.5.1.1 through 6.5.1.4. through 6.5.1.4.

44 2007 2010

6.5.7.1 Kitchen Hoods 6.5.7.1 Kitchen Exhaust Systems

Individual kitchen exhaust hoods larger than 6.5.7.1.1 Replacement air introduced directly 5000 cfm shall be provided with makeup air into the hood cavity of kitchen exhaust sized for at least 50% of exhaust air volume hoods shall not exceed 10% of the hood that is exhaust airflow rate. a. unheated or heated to no more than 60°F 6.5.7.1.2 and 6.5.7.1.3 b. uncooled or cooled without the use of 6.5.7.1.4 If a kitchen/dining facility has a total mechanical cooling. kitchen hood exhaust airflow rate greater than 5,000 cfm then it shall have one of the following: a. At least 50% of all replacement air is transfer air that would otherwise be exhausted. 6.5.7.1.5

45 POWER

46 2007 2010 8.4.2 Automatic Receptacle Control

At least 50% of all receptacles … shall be controlled by an automatic control device that shall function on: a. a scheduled basis using a time-of-day operated control device that turns receptacles off at specific programmed times—an independent program schedule shall be provided for areas of no more than 25,000 ft2 but not more than one floor, or b. an occupant sensor that shall turn receptacles off within 30 minutes of all occupants leaving a space, or c. a signal from another control or alarm system that indicates the area is unoccupied.

47 LIGHTING

48 2007 2010

9.1.2 Lighting Alterations 9.1.2 Lighting Alterations

The replacement of lighting systems in any The alteration of lighting systems in any building building space shall comply … space or exterior area shall comply … Exception: Alterations that replace less than Exception: Alterations that involve less than 50% of the luminaires in a space need not 10% of the connected lighting load in a space or comply area need not comply

49 2007 2010