Itinerarium Egeriae: a Retrospective Look and Preliminary Study of a New Approach to the Issue of Authorship-Provenance
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Old French– English Dictionary
Old French– English Dictionary ALAN HINDLEY FREDERICK W. LANGLEY BRIAN J. LEVY PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA http://www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain © Cambridge University Press 2000 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2000 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Monotype Nimrod 7/9 pt System QuarkXPress™ [SE] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Hindley,A. Old French–English dictionary / Alan Hindley,Frederick W.Langley,Brian J. Levy. p. cm. ISBN 0 521 34564 2 (hardback) 1. French language – To 1500 – Dictionaries – English. I. Langley,Frederick William, 1938– II. Levy,B. J. (Brian Joseph) III. Title. PC2891.H56 2000 477′.01′03–dc21 99–056328 ISBN 0 521 34564 2 hardback Contents Acknowledgements vii Introduction ix I From database to dictionary ix II The dictionary entries ix III How to use the dictionary x IV Conclusion xi List of abbreviations xii Select bibliography xiv The dictionary 1 v A a interj -
Copyright by Cécile Hélène Christiane Rey 2010
Copyright by Cécile Hélène Christiane Rey 2010 The Dissertation Committee for Cécile Hélène Christiane Rey certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Planning language practices and representations of identity within the Gallo community in Brittany: A case of language maintenance Committee: _________________________________ Jean-Pierre Montreuil, Supervisor _________________________________ Cinzia Russi _________________________________ Carl Blyth _________________________________ Hans Boas _________________________________ Anthony Woodbury Planning language practices and representations of identity within the Gallo community in Brittany: A case of language maintenance by Cécile Hélène Christiane Rey, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December, 2010 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my parents and my family for their patience and support, their belief in me, and their love. I would like to thank my supervisor Jean-Pierre Montreuil for his advice, his inspiration, and constant support. Thank you to my committee members Cinzia Russi, Carl Blyth, Hans Boas and Anthony Woodbury for their guidance in this project and their understanding. Special thanks to Christian Lefeuvre who let me stay with him during the summer 2009 in Langan and helped me realize this project. For their help and support, I would like to thank Rosalie Grot, Pierre Gardan, Christine Trochu, Shaun Nolan, Bruno Chemin, Chantal Hermann, the associations Bertaèyn Galeizz, Chubri, l’Association des Enseignants de Gallo, A-Demórr, and Gallo Tonic Liffré. For financial support, I would like to thank the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin for the David Bruton, Jr. -
The Hebrew-Jewish Disconnection
Bridgewater State University Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University Master’s Theses and Projects College of Graduate Studies 5-2016 The eH brew-Jewish Disconnection Jacey Peers Follow this and additional works at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/theses Part of the Reading and Language Commons Recommended Citation Peers, Jacey. (2016). The eH brew-Jewish Disconnection. In BSU Master’s Theses and Projects. Item 32. Available at http://vc.bridgew.edu/theses/32 Copyright © 2016 Jacey Peers This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. THE HEBREW-JEWISH DISCONNECTION Submitted by Jacey Peers Department of Graduate Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages Bridgewater State University Spring 2016 Content and Style Approved By: ___________________________________________ _______________ Dr. Joyce Rain Anderson, Chair of Thesis Committee Date ___________________________________________ _______________ Dr. Anne Doyle, Committee Member Date ___________________________________________ _______________ Dr. Julia (Yulia) Stakhnevich, Committee Member Date 1 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my mom for her support throughout all of my academic endeavors; even when she was only half listening, she was always there for me. I truly could not have done any of this without you. To my dad, who converted to Judaism at 56, thank you for showing me that being Jewish is more than having a certain blood that runs through your veins, and that there is hope for me to feel like I belong in the community I was born into, but have always felt next to. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Studies in Merovingian Latin Epigraphy and Documents a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Sa
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Studies in Merovingian Latin Epigraphy and Documents A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Indo-European Studies by Éloïse Lemay 2017 c Copyright by Éloïse Lemay 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Studies in Merovingian Latin Epigraphy and Documents by Éloïse Lemay Doctor of Philosophy in Indo-European Studies University of California, Los Angeles, 2017 Professor Brent Harmon Vine, Chair This dissertation is a study of the subliterary Latin of Gaul from the 4th to the 8th centuries. The materials studied consist in epigraphic and documentary sources. The inscriptions of late antique and early medieval Trier and Clermont-Ferrand receive a statistical, philological and comparative analysis, which results in 1) fine-grained decade- by-decade mapping of phonological and morphosyntactic developments, 2) comparative discussion of forms of importance to the chronological and regional development of Vulgar Latin, and, 3) isolation of sociolectal characteristics. Particular attention is paid to the issue of inscription dating based upon linguistic grounds. This dissertation also approaches papyrus and parchment documents as material cul- ture artifacts. It studies the production, the use, and the characteristics of these docu- ments during the Merovingian period. This dissertation examines the reception that the Merovingian documents received in the later Middle Ages. This is tied to document destruction and survival, which I argue are the offshoot of two processes: deaccession and reuse. Reuse is tied to the later medieval practice of systematized forgery. Systematized forgeries, in turn, shed light upon the Merovingian originals, thanks to the very high level of systematic interplay between base (the Merovingian documents) and output documents (the forgeries). -
Bilingualism and the Latin Language J
Cambridge University Press 0521817714 - Bilingualism and the Latin Language J. N. Adams Frontmatter More information BILINGUALISM AND THE LATIN LANGUAGE Bilingualism has become since the s one of the main themes of sociolinguistics, but there are as yet fewlarge-scale treatments of the subject specific to the ancient world. This book is the first work to deal systematically with bilingualism during a period of antiquity (the Roman period, down to about the fourth century AD) in the light of sociolinguistic discussions of bilingual issues. The general theme of the work is the nature of the contact between Latin and numerous other languages spoken in the Roman world. Among the many issues discussed three are prominent: code-switching (the practice of switching between two languages in the course of a single utterance) and its motivation, language contact as a cause of linguis- tic change, and the part played by language choice and language switching in conveying a sense of identity. J. N. ADAMSis a Senior Research Fellowof All Souls College, Oxford and a Fellowof the British Academy.He waspreviously Professor of Latin at the Universities of Manchester and Reading. In addition to articles in numerous journals, he has published five books: The Text and Language of a Vulgar Latin Chronicle (Anonymus Valesianus II) () The Vulgar Latin of the Letters of Claudius Terentianus (), The Latin Sexual Vocabulary (), Wackernagel’s Lawand the Placement of the Copula Esse in Classical Latin () and Pelagonius and Latin Veterinary Terminology in the Roman Empire (). © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521817714 - Bilingualism and the Latin Language J. -
Old French Declension in a “Word and Paradigm” Approach and Default Syncretism
Old French declension in a “Word and Paradigm” approach and default syncretism Alain Kihm (CNRS – Université Paris-Diderot) [email protected] Old French (OF) nominal lexemes (nouns and adjectives) inflect for two values of the Number feature, singular and plural, and two values of the Case feature, Nominative (traditionally cas sujet) and Oblique (traditionally cas régime). Nominative is for subjects, whatever agrees with the subject, and vocatives; Oblique is for all the rest (DO, IO, genitives, adjuncts) (Horning 1882 ; Raynaud de Lage 1964 ; Nyrop 1965 ; Rheinfelder 1967 ; Moignet 1973 ; La Chaussée 1977 ; Picoche 1979 ; Buridan 2000). I will use the traditional term “declension” for such a double Number-Case inflection. Modern French (MF), in which nominals inflect for Number only – if at all ! – has no declension according to that definition. In “classical” OF (end of the 10th century – beginning of the 14th century) all nominals decline, to the massive exception of feminines ending in -e (probably sounded as [ə]) which only inflect for Number: cf. la porte /la_ˈpɔrtə/ vs. les portes /les_ˈpɔrtəs/ ‘the door(s)’, all functions; and various sorts of indeclinable nominals (e.g. masculines whose stem ends in -s). With declinable nominals, the combinatorics of two numbers and two cases yields four-cells paradigms, illustrated below with a masculine lexeme, MUR ‘wall’ and a feminine one, FLOR ‘flower’: SG PL NOM li murs li mur OBL le mur les murs Table 1 : Paradigm of OF MUR (masculine) SG PL NOM la flors les flors OBL la flor les flors Table 2 : Paradigm of OF FLOR (feminine) As is usual in OF grammars, nominal paradigms include the definite article, showing three distinct forms in the masculine, but only two in the feminine. -
The Power of Latin in Ancient Rome
Activitydevelop The Power of Latin in Ancient Rome How did the spread of Latin influence power in ancient Rome? Overview Students investigate how the geographic spread of an impactful human system—language— influenced power in ancient Rome. For the complete activity with media resources, visit: http://education.nationalgeographic.org/activity/power-latin-ancient-rome/ Program Directions 1. Activate students’ prior knowledge. Ask: Have you ever been in a situation where you didn’t understand the language being spoken? Invite volunteers who are comfortable doing so to share their experiences with the class. As a class, discuss the common themes that are most likely to come up: feelings of discomfort, confusion, and not being understood (loss of power). Then ask: What would it feel like to be heavily influenced to adopt a language other than English? What would it feel like if the most popular activities and places in the United States today were conducted in or marked with the language of another, currently existing country? Explain to students that, in this activity, they will learn about how the spread of Latin influenced power in ancient Rome and consider how it impacted people in the invaded cities and towns. 2. Have students read about the spread of Latin in ancient Rome. Distribute a copy of the Latin in Ancient Rome worksheet to each student. Divide students into pairs and have pairs work together to read the passage and answer the questions in Part 1. Review the answers as a whole class. Ask: In your own words, describe Romanization. (Romanization is the spread of Roman customs, dress, activities, and language.) How was Latin different for different economic classes? (They had different versions of the language: Vulgar and Classical.) 1 of 6 How do you think the invaded cities and towns felt about switching to Roman customs and language? (Possible response: They probably felt pressured to do so, from both the government and the military, instead of a desire to do so on their own.) 3. -
The Rhaeto-Romance Languages
Romance Linguistics Editorial Statement Routledge publish the Romance Linguistics series under the editorship of Martin Harris (University of Essex) and Nigel Vincent (University of Manchester). Romance Philogy and General Linguistics have followed sometimes converging sometimes diverging paths over the last century and a half. With the present series we wish to recognise and promote the mutual interaction of the two disciplines. The focus is deliberately wide, seeking to encompass not only work in the phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexis of the Romance languages, but also studies in the history of Romance linguistics and linguistic thought in the Romance cultural area. Some of the volumes will be devoted to particular aspects of individual languages, some will be comparative in nature; some will adopt a synchronic and some a diachronic slant; some will concentrate on linguistic structures, and some will investigate the sociocultural dimensions of language and language use in the Romance-speaking territories. Yet all will endorse the view that a General Linguistics that ignores the always rich and often unique data of Romance is as impoverished as a Romance Philogy that turns its back on the insights of linguistics theory. Other books in the Romance Linguistics series include: Structures and Transformations Christopher J. Pountain Studies in the Romance Verb eds Nigel Vincent and Martin Harris Weakening Processes in the History of Spanish Consonants Raymond Harris-N orthall Spanish Word Formation M.F. Lang Tense and Text -
Standard and Non-Standard Latin by Jerome Moran
Standard And Non-Standard Latin by Jerome Moran eaders would do well to keep in an artificial construct. Which dialect of litteras fatuum esse (‘You aren’t of our Rmind at all times the following ancient Greek, whose Latin [my italics], and bunch, and on that account you jeer at distinctions when reading this article: who is to say with confidence how the the words of poor people. We know standard/classical and non-standard; literary form of these languages you’re mad because of learning.’) native and non-native speaker; literate corresponded to the dialects that people (Petronius). and illiterate. I use ‘second’ and ‘foreign’ spoke on the streets?’ (Greenwood, atque id dicitur non in compitis tantum interchangeably of a language, as any pp. 202–3). neque in plebe volgaria … (‘And that is said distinction that may be made is not ‘… the question of language use in not only at crossroads nor among the relevant in the context of a world in the case of social groups for whom a common people …’) (Gellius). which there were no nation-states (or language is not a second language, but who quod vulgo dicitur ossum, Latine os notions of political correctness). If I are regarded as secondary users of that dicitur (‘What is called ossum in the were to prefer one to the other it would language.’ (Greenwood, p.208). language of the common people, in be ‘foreign’: native speakers of Latin … quid tibi ego videor in epistulis? nonne Latin [i.e. ‘correct’ Latin] is called os’) regarded everyone else but Greek- plebeio sermone agere tecum?… epistulas (Augustine). -
F422 HISTORY of the FRENCH LANGUAGE Prerequisite: FRENCH 221
F422 HISTORY OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE prerequisite: FRENCH 221 Catalog Description: "A linguistic study of the phonological, morphological, syntactic and lexical changes which turned the Latin spoken in Gaul into modern standard French. No previous training in linguistics required." (Note also: no previous training in Latin or Old French required.) Language of instruction: English. Instructor: Dr. Nathan L. Love Texts: A History of the French Language Peter RICKARD The French Language: Present and Past Glanville PRICE We will be concerned with external and internal history. External history pertains to the cultural, social, political realities bearing on language change, whereas internal history concerns itself primarily with phonological developments that occur within the language, independent of cultural phenomena. The Rickard text outlines external history, and the Price text catalogues the internal history of the French language. Class instruction will consist of traditional lectures bearing on language structure and internal history. The emergence of Old French from Vulgar Latin will receive emphasis since it is the earlier stages of development which are most remote from us. The readings on external history will be left to the students to complete. Requirements: A research paper, midterm and final exam. This will be a course rich in learning opportunities. It will provide a brief introduction to linguistics (especially historical Romance linguistics), an overview of the structure of Classical Latin, the essential characteristics of the syntax and lexicon of Old French, the standardization of Modern French in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Much that is arcane in Modern French grammar and spelling will become clearer, I hope. -
Tools for Building a Corpus to Study the Historical and Geographical
Tools for Building a Corpus to Study the Historical and Geographical Variation of the Romanian Language Victoria Bobicev Cat˘ alina˘ Mar˘ anduc˘ Cenel Augusto Perez Technical University “Al. I. Cuza” University, Al. I. Cuza University, of Moldova Iasi, Romania Ias¸i, Romania Chis¸inau˘ Institute of Linguistics [email protected] Republic of Moldova “Iorgu Iordan Al. Rosetti” victoria [email protected] Bucharest, Romania − [email protected] Abstract tion, between which there are 5,723 sentences in old Romanian and 1,230 sentences in regional Contemporary standard language corpora variants of the Romanian. are ideal for NLP. There are few morpho- If we know the non-standard, regional or ear- logically and syntactically annotated cor- lier forms, we can understand the laws of natural pora for Romanian, and those existing or language evolution; we can know how it functions in progress only deal with the Contem- in the communication and process it. The use of porary Romanian standard. However, the Old or Regional Romanian should not be judged necessity to study the dynamics of natu- as mistaken reporting them to the standard rules, ral languages gave rise to balanced cor- but it is in accordance with other rules which we pora, containing non-standard texts. In must discover. this paper, we describe the creation of Linguists are increasingly interested in the tools for processing non-standard Roma- study of old languages with modern tools and their nian to build a big balanced corpus. We demand for old language processing tools is grow- want to preserve in annotated form as ing worldwide. -
Old French Declension from a “Word and Paradigm” Perspective and Default Syncretism
Old French declension from a “Word and Paradigm” perspective and default syncretism Alain Kihm (CNRS – Université Paris- Diderot) Defaults in Morphological Theory, University of Kentucky, 05/21-22/2012 1 Inflectional paradigm of an OF masculine noun (M1 declension) singular plural NOM murs mur OBL mur murs 2 Inflectional paradigm of a Romanian nonarticulated feminine noun singular plural DIR casă case OBL case case 3 Number marking in Jemez (Kiowa- Tanoan; Mithun 1999:81) Class I: ʔówa ‘woman’, ʔówash ‘women’ (2 or >2). Class II: dáábæ ‘chairs’ (>2), dáábæsh ‘chair’ or ‘2 chairs’. Class III: dééde ‘shirt’ or ‘shirts’ (>2), déédesh ‘2 shirts’. 4 Contents 1. Syncretism and default 2. “Word and Paradigm” (WP) 3. OF declension 4. Remarkable properties of OF declension 5. Problems for constructivist approaches 6. Defaults in OF declension 7. Default-syncretic account of OF declension (M1) 8. Why are the syncretisms as they are? 9. OF declension as depleted inflection 5 1. Syncretism and default Syncretism: identity of paradigm cells corresponding to distinct inflectional feature values. Semantically nonmotivated (“stipulated”) syncretism: Romanian (eu) tac ‘I am silent’ vs. (ele/ei) tac ‘they are silent’. Semantically motivated (“unstipulated”) syncretism: Romanian (ea/el) invită ‘s/he invites’ vs. (ele/ei) invită ‘they invite’. 6 Default syncretism : cell identity is a function of the default values of the features. 7 « […] default interpretation of the speaker’s utterance is normally understood to mean salient meaning intended by the speaker, or presumed by the addressee to have been intended, and recovered (a) without the help of inference from the speaker’s intentions or (b) without conscious inferential process altogether.