DOCSLIB.ORG

Part II Colonialism and Cultural Objects………………………………………………………38 Chapter 3 Colonial Expansion……………………………………………………………………………………39 3.1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Part II Colonialism and Cultural Objects………………………………………………………38 Chapter 3 Colonial Expansion……………………………………………………………………………………39 3.1 VU Research Portal Treasures in Trusted Hand Negotiating the future of colonial cultural objects van Beurden, J.M. 2016 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) van Beurden, J. M. (2016). Treasures in Trusted Hand Negotiating the future of colonial cultural objects. https://www.sidestone.com/books/?q=beurden General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 Treasures in Trusted Hands - Full manuscript - September 2016 - ©Jos van Beurden VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Treasures in Trusted Hand Negotiating the future of colonial cultural objects ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. V. Subramaniam, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen op woensdag 30 november 2016 om 9.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Joseph Maria van Beurden geboren te Rotterdam 1 Treasures in Trusted Hands - Full manuscript - September 2016 - ©Jos van Beurden promoteren: prof. dr. S. Legêne prof. dr. W. Veraart 2 Treasures in Trusted Hands - Full manuscript - September 2016 - ©Jos van Beurden Table of contents Preface…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6 About this book…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………………..9 Part I Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………….11 Chapter 1 A neglected issue in an evolving world…………………………………………………….12 1.1. Decisive experiences……………………………………………………………………..12 1.2. Changes that matter……………………………………………………………………..14 Box: Incidental returns of colonial cultural objects 1.3. Main questions and approaches…………………………………………………….20 Chapter 2 On colonial cultural objects………………………………………………………………………24 2.1. Return……………………………………………………………………………………………24 2.2. Cultural objects……………………………………………………………………………..25 2.3. Typology of colonial cultural objects……………………………………………..30 2.3.1. Gifts to colonial administrators and institutions…………………………….31 2.3.2. Objects acquired during private expeditions………………………………….31 2.3.3. Objects acquired during military expeditions…………………………………32 2.3.4. Missionary collecting……………………………………………………………………..33 2.3.5. Archives…………………………………………………………………………………………35 Box: Archives back to Suriname Part II Colonialism and cultural objects………………………………………………………38 Chapter 3 Colonial expansion……………………………………………………………………………………39 3.1. Early migration of objects to Europe………………………………………………40 Box: War booty during colonial expansion and its present whereabouts 3.2. Meagre protection…………………………………………………………………………44 Chapter 4 Settler and exploitation colonialism…………………………………………………………46 4.1. Peak in migration of objects ………………………………………………………….46 Box: Ancient Indonesian gifts dispersed Box: Relocating to preserve better: From Papua New Guinea to Australia Box: Cyprus and Dun Huang expeditions Box: War booty during settler and exploitation colonialism 4.2. Protection and preservation measures…………………………………………..57 Chapter 5 Decolonisation, the first claims and the ongoing seepage of objects……….60 5.1. Whimsicalities in collecting…………………………………………………………….61 Box: Two contestable expeditions Box: Examples of loot and arson/punitive expeditions during decolonisation 5.2. Early calls for return……………………………………………………………………….65 Box: (Pre-)independence returns 3 Treasures in Trusted Hands - Full manuscript - September 2016 - ©Jos van Beurden 5.3. Drain of cultural objects before and after independence………………67 Box: Turkey and tainted objects Box: China and tainted objects 5.4. Decolonisation an unresolved conflict…………………………………………..70 Box: Five generations of conflict researchers, a critical view Part III Colonial cultural objects and the law……………………………………………..75 Chapter 6. Increasing protection?..................................................................................76 6.1. Hard law international instruments……………………………………………….76 Box: The relevance of two conventions Box: Cases dealt with by the ICPRCP 6.2. Soft law international instruments………………………………………………..81 6.2.1. Instruments for the repatriation of human remains……………………..81 Box: Incidental returns of colonial human remains Box: Return refusals for colonial human remains Box: Successful repatriation of Maori heads 6.2.2. Instruments for the restitution of Nazi-looted art…………………………86 Box: Four soft law instruments for dealing with Nazi-looted art Box: Principles for dealing with colonial cultural and historical objects Box: Overlap Second World War-looted and colonial cultural objects 6.2.3. A human rights and a justice perspective……………………………………..92 Part IV Ambiguities between the Netherlands and Indonesia……………..98 Chapter 7 The 1975 Joint Recommendations……………………………………………………………99 7.1. Cultural heritage policy until 1949…………………………………………………99 7.2. Negotiations between 1949 and 1975…………………………………………101 Box: Papua culture in safety Box: Early returns to Indonesia 7.3. Towards an agreement.………………………………………………………………112 Box: Luwu insignia 7.4. Dynamics of the agreement’s implementation……………………………117 Appendix: Joint Recommendations by the Dutch and Indonesian Team of Experts, concerning Cultural Cooperation in the field of Museums and archives including Transfer of Objects…………………………………………………………..122 Chapter 8 New insights into the Joint Recommendations…………………………………….125 8.1. New research findings………………………………………………………………..125 Box: Thomas Raffles and Indonesia’s heritage Box: Return of Diponegoro’s pilgrim’s staff Box: Evidence of migration of objects in the first period Box: The missing kris of Diponegoro 8.2. The 1975 agreement: lessons for other bilateral negotiations……131 Box: Returns to Indonesia 1949 - 1978 Part V Approaches in other bilateral agreements…………………………………142 Chapter 9 The 1970 agreement between Belgium and Congo……………………………….143 9.1 Cultural policies up to independence………………………………………….144 Box: Lucien Cahen, director with two hats 9.2 Deliberations and transfer of objects………………………………………….146 4 Treasures in Trusted Hands - Full manuscript - September 2016 - ©Jos van Beurden Box: Repatriations and gifts to Congo Chapter 10 Nordic model for Denmark, Iceland and Greenland?..............................150 10.1. Scandinavian colonialism……………………………………………………………150 10.2. Danish colonial collecting……………………………………………………………153 Box: Cultural objects from non-Scandinavian colonies 10.3. Ancient sagas back to Iceland……………………………………………………..155 Box: Repatriation by Denmark to Faroe Islands 10.4 Peculiar agreement with Greenland…………………………………………...157 Chapter 11. Melanesian model for Australia and Papua New Guinea?......................161 11.1. Colonial collecting in Papua New Guinea…………………………………….162 Box: Papua New Guinean objects in foreign museums 11.2. The process of return………………………………………………………………….165 Box: Returns to Papua New Guinea Chapter 12. The Benin Dialogue (2010 - ….)………………………………………………………………170 12.1. Dispersal over Europe and North America…………………………………..171 Box: Benin treasures in the Netherland 12.2. Prelude to the dialogue……………………………………………………………….173 Box: Return requests between 1972 and 2008 Box: Returns between 1937 and 2014 12.3. The dialogue………………………………………………………………………………..175 12.4. Elements for the model……………………………………………………………….177 Appendix: Benin Plan of Action………………………………………………………..181 Part VI New insights, a new approach……………………………………………………….184 Chapter 13 The neglected effect of colonialism………………………………………………………..185 13.1. Towards an overview of the colonial one-way traffic………………….185 13.2. Overview of returns so far…………………………………………………………..189 Box: Two return offers rejected 13.3. Returns and other categories of contested objects…………………….192 Chapter 14 Model for negotiating the future of colonial cultural objects……………….194 14.1. The seven phases……………………………………………………………………….194 14.2. The four general guidelines………………………………………………………..198 Box: Phases and General guidelines for negotiating the future of colonial cultural objects Sources……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….204 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………231 Samenvatting……………………………………………………………………………………………………………236 5 Treasures in Trusted Hands - Full manuscript - September 2016 - ©Jos van Beurden Preface Thirty years ago I met a poetess. Me’aza made poems about her dream - self-determination for her country and the whole of Africa. She knew them by heart, had never written down a single line and made new verses on the spot. People loved Me’aza. I met her in the eroded mountains of Northeast Africa, her hamlet under control of rebels. We had walked all night, as it had been too cold to lie down and sleep. The double local whiskey that she offered
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 321 M. Naum and J.M. Nordin (Eds.), Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity: Small Time Agents in a Global Arena
    Index A Swedish iron Almenn landskipunarfræði , 40 Board of Mines , 55 Amina revolt global integration , 55 Aquambo nation , 266 market economy , 54 ethnic networks , 264 metal trades , 54 French soldiers , 264 Moravian mission , 265 rebels , 264 B 1733 revolt , 265 Bankhus site , 288–289 Slave Coast , 265 Berckentin Palace , 9 St. Thomas , 263 Brevis Commentarius de Islandia , 39 Atlantic economy Gammelbo to Calabar African traders , 59 C European slave trade and New World Charlotte Amalie port slavery , 60 archaeological exploration , 280 Gammelbo forgemen , 58 Bankhus site , 288–289 slave ships , 59 Caribbean market , 276 voyage iron , 58 cast iron , 279 ironworks Danish trade , 275 Bergslagen region , 55 historical documents , 276 bergsmän , 56 housing compounds, Government Hill , 279 bruks , 56 Magens House site Dannemora mine , 57 ceramics , 284 Dutch and British consumers , 58 Crown House , 283 osmund iron , 56 Danish fl uted lace porcelain , 284 pig iron , 56 excavated material remains , 285 Leufsta to Birmingham’s steel furnaces high-cost goods , 286 British manufacturers market , 64 ironwork , 286 common iron , 61 Moravian ware , 284 international market , 63 terraces , 285 iron quality , 64 urban garden , 287 järnboden storehouse , 63 nineteenth-century gates , 281 Öregrund Iron , 62 spatial analysis Walloon forging technique , 61 Blackbeard’s Castle , 282 Swedish economy , 64–66 bone button blanks , 283 M. Naum and J.M. Nordin (eds.), Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity: 321 Small Time Agents in a Global Arena, Contributions To Global Historical Archaeology 37, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-6202-6, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 322 Index Charlotte Amalie port (cont.) Greenland , 107–108 cultural meaning and intentions , 281 illegal trade interisland trade of goods and alcoholic beverages , 109 wares , 282 British faience plate , 109 social relations , 281 buy and discard practice , 110 transhipment/redistribution centre , 283 Disko Bay , 108 St.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Policy in the Polder
    Cultural Policy in the Polder Cultural Policy in the Polder 25 years of the Dutch Cultural Policy Act Edwin van Meerkerk and Quirijn Lennert van den Hoogen (eds.) Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Koopman & Bolink: Boothuis, Noordoostpolder. Fotografie: Dirk de Zee. Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6298 625 1 e-isbn 978 90 4853 747 1 doi 10.5117/9789462986251 nur 754 | 757 © The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2018 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Every effort has been made to obtain permission to use all copyrighted illustrations reproduced in this book. Nonetheless, whosoever believes to have rights to this material is advised to contact the publisher. Table of Contents Acknowledgements 9 An Introduction to Cultural Policy in the Polder 11 Edwin van Meerkerk and Quirijn Lennert van den Hoogen A Well-Balanced Cultural Policy 37 An Interview with Minister of Culture Ingrid van Engelshoven Marielle Hendriks 1. Legal Aspects of Cultural Policy 41 Inge van der Vlies 2. An International Perspective on Dutch Cultural Policy 67 Toine Minnaert ‘A Subsidy to Make a Significant Step Upwards’ 85 An Interview with Arjo Klingens André Nuchelmans 3. The Framing Game 89 Towards Deprovincialising Dutch Cultural Policy Johan Kolsteeg1 4. Values in Cultural Policymaking 107 Political Values and Policy Advice Quirijn Lennert van den Hoogen and Florine Jonker An Exercise in Undogmatic Thinking 131 An Interview with Gable Roelofsen Bjorn Schrijen 5.
    [Show full text]
  • 7. Komitee Zuidelijk Afrika
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Aan de goede kant: Een geschiedenis van de Nederlandse anti- apartheidsbeweging 1960-1990 Muskens, R.W.A. Publication date 2013 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Muskens, R. W. A. (2013). Aan de goede kant: Een geschiedenis van de Nederlandse anti- apartheidsbeweging 1960-1990. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:01 Oct 2021 7. Komitee Zuidelijk Afrika Inleiding In april 1959 richtten Sietse Bosgra en To van Albada Actie Informatie Algerije (AIA) op.1090 De aanleiding was hun ontzetting over de wandaden van de Fransen in hun Noord-Afrikaanse gebiedsdeel. Bosgra en de zijnen pakten de zaken voortvarend aan. Naast picket lines bij de Franse ambassade hield de Actie Informatie Algerije zich bezig met het vertalen van boeken en het schrijven van brochures over de anti-koloniale strijd in Algerije.
    [Show full text]
  • GENERAL MEETING ~SSEMBLY Friday, 26 November 1954, at 3 P.M
    United N ation..'i FIRST COMMIITEE, 730tb GENERAL MEETING ~SSEMBLY Friday, 26 November 1954, at 3 p.m. NINTH SESSION Official Records New York CONTENTS The motion was adopted by 25 votes to 2, with 3 Page abstentions. l.genda item 61: The meeting was suspended at 3.50 p.m. and resumed The question of \Vest Irian (West New Guinea) (con- at 4.20 p.m. tinued) . 417 Mr. Johnson (Canada), Vice-Chairman, took the Chair. Chairman: Mr. Francisco URRUTIA (Colombia). 8. Mr. MUNRO (New Zealand) described the rea­ "ons why his delegation had been unable to support the inscription of the item on the agenda. Previous United Nations consideration of the question had been AGENDA ITEM 61 in another organ and another context. Although a prima facie case for competence might exist, the new circumstances of the item required consideration of rhe question of West Irian (West New Guinea) the desirability of its inscription on practical as well (A/2694, A/C.l/L.l09) (continued) as legal grounds. After listening to the debate and considering the only draft resolution (AjC.1/L.109) Sayed ABOU-TALEB (Yemen) felt that there before the Committee, his delegation doubted whether .'as no doubt as to the competence of the United any useful purpose would be served by the considera­ htions to discuss the question of \Vest Irian. The tion of the item. vorld was fortunate to be able to bring such issues 9. New Zealand was intervening in the debate to efore the United Nations and thereby avert further place on record both its friendly feelings towards eterioration in international relations.
    [Show full text]
  • Sultan Zainal Abidin Syah: from the Kingdomcontents of Tidore to the Republic of Indonesia Foreword
    TAWARIKH:TAWARIKH: Journal Journal of Historicalof Historical Studies Studies,, VolumeVolume 12(1), 11(2), October April 2020 2020 Volume 11(2), April 2020 p-ISSN 2085-0980, e-ISSN 2685-2284 ABDUL HARIS FATGEHIPON & SATRIONO PRIYO UTOMO Sultan Zainal Abidin Syah: From the KingdomContents of Tidore to the Republic of Indonesia Foreword. [ii] JOHANABSTRACT: WAHYUDI This paper& M. DIEN– using MAJID, the qualitative approach, historical method, and literature review The– discussesHajj in Indonesia Zainal Abidin and Brunei Syah as Darussalam the first Governor in XIX of – WestXX AD: Irian and, at the same time, as Sultan of A ComparisonTidore in North Study Maluku,. [91-102] Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the political process of the West Irian struggle will not have an important influence in the Indonesian revolution without the MOHAMMADfirmness of the IMAM Tidore FARISI Sultanate, & ARY namely PURWANTININGSIH Sultan Zainal Abidin, Syah. The assertion given by Sultan TheZainal September Abidin 30 Syahth Movement in rejecting and the Aftermath results of in the Indonesian KMB (Konferensi Collective Meja Memory Bundar or Round Table andConference) Revolution: in A 1949, Lesson because for the the Nation KMB. [103-128]sought to separate West Irian from Indonesian territory. The appointment of Zainal Abidin Syah as Sultan took place in Denpasar, Bali, in 1946, and his MARYcoronation O. ESERE, was carried out a year later in January 1947 in Soa Sio, Tidore. Zainal Abidin Syah was Historicalas the first Overview Governor of ofGuidance West Irian, and which Counselling was installed Practices on 23 inrd NigeriaSeptember. [129-142] 1956. Ali Sastroamidjojo’s Cabinet formed the Province of West Irian, whose capital was located in Soa Sio.
    [Show full text]
  • Leidenstudies Inislamandsociety
    After Orientalism Leiden Studies in Islam and Society Editors Léon Buskens (Leiden University) Petra M. Sijpesteijn (Leiden University) Editorial Board Maurits Berger (Leiden University) – R. Michael Feener (National University of Singapore) – Nico Kaptein (Leiden University) Jan Michiel Otto (Leiden University) – David S. Powers (Cornell University) volume 2 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/lsis After Orientalism Critical Perspectives on Western Agency and Eastern Re-appropriations Edited by François Pouillon Jean-Claude Vatin leiden | boston Cover illustration: Osman Hamdi Bey [1842–1910], A Persian carpet dealer or Street scene in Constantinople, 1888. Oil on canvas, 60×119,5 cm. Copyright: bpk / Nationalgalerie, smb / Bernd Kuhnert. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Colloque "L'orientalisme et après? - Méditations, appropriations, contestations" (2011 : Paris, France) After orientalism : critical perspectives on western agency and eastern re-appropriations / edited by Francois Pouillon, Jean-Claude Vatin. pages cm. – (Leiden studies in Islam and society ; v. 2) Original French title: Après l'orientalisme : l'Orient créé par l'Orient. Includes index. Translated from French. ISBN 978-90-04-28252-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-90-04-28253-7 (e-book) 1. Orientalism–Congresses. 2. East and West–Congresses. 3. Middle East–Civilization–Congresses. I. Pouillon, Francois. II. Vatin, Jean-Claude. III. Title. DS61.85.C6513 2011 303.48'2182105–dc23 2014034595 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface.
    [Show full text]
  • General Nasution Brig.Jen Sarwo Edhie Let.Gen Kemal Idris Gen
    30 General Nasution Brig.Jen Sarwo Edhie Let.Gen Kemal Idris Gen Simatupang Lt Gen Mokoginta Brig Jen Sukendro Let.Gen Mokoginta Ruslan Abdulgani Mhd Roem Hairi Hadi, Laksamana Poegoeh, Agus Sudono Harry Tjan Hardi SH Letjen Djatikusumo Maj.Gen Sutjipto KH Musto'in Ramly Maj Gen Muskita Maj Gen Alamsyah Let Gen Sarbini TD Hafas Sajuti Melik Haji Princen Hugeng Imam Santoso Hairi Hadi, Laksamana Poegoeh Subchan Liem Bian Kie Suripto Mhd Roem Maj.Gen Wijono Yassien Ron Hatley 30 General Nasution (24-7-73) Nasution (N) first suggested a return to the 1945 constitution in 1955 during the Pemilu. When Subandrio went to China in 1965, Nasution suggested that if China really wanted to help Indonesia, she should cut off supplies to Hongkong. According to Nasution, BK was serious about Maphilindo but Aidit convinced him that he was a world leader, not just a regional leader. In 1960 BK became head of Peperti which made him very influential in the AD with authority over the regional commanders. In 1962 N was replaced by Yani. According to the original concept, N would become Menteri Hankam/Panglima ABRI. However Omar Dhani wrote a letter to BK (probably proposed by Subandrio or BK himself). Sukarno (chief of police) supported Omar Dhani secara besar). Only Martadinata defended to original plan while Yani was 'plin-plan'. Meanwhile Nasution had proposed Gatot Subroto as the new Kasad but BK rejected this because he felt that he could not menguasai Gatot. Nas then proposed the two Let.Gens. - Djatikusuma and Hidayat but they were rejected by BK.
    [Show full text]
  • Mass Murder in Perspective a Comparison of Influences on the Dutch Policy During the Genocides in Cambodia and Bosnia
    Mass Murder in Perspective A Comparison of Influences on the Dutch Policy during the Genocides in Cambodia and Bosnia Author: Judith Scholte Student number: 5612497 E-mail: [email protected] Phone number: +31 6 23 50 81 90 Date: 06-08-2017 Words: 16,773 MA International Relations in Historical Perspective Supervisor: Prof. dr. Bob de Graaff Table of Contents Abstract ………..................................................................................................................... 3 List of Abbreviations ………………………………………………………………………………………................ 4 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 2. Historical Context ……………………………………………….……………………………………………………. 10 o Historical OvervieW Cambodia …………………………..……………………………………………….. 10 o Ideas and Structure of the Early Khmer Rouge……………………………………………………. 10 o Lon Nol Regime ………………………………………………………….………………………………………. 11 o Khmer Rouge Coup ….…………………………………………………………………………………………. 12 o Historical OvervieW Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Srebrenica ……………………………………… 14 o Bosnia Enters the War ………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 o Comparison ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 3. Nature of the Genocide ……………………………….…………………………………………………………… 19 o Historical OvervieW Human Rights and Genocide ……………………………….……………… 19 o Cambodia …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 o Bosnia and Srebrenica ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 23 o Comparison ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 4. Information Level and Government ….……………………………………………………………………... 26 o Historical OvervieW Dutch
    [Show full text]
  • A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname
    Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen 67 CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed RAP (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Bulletin of Biological Assessment 67 Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION The RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment is published by: Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington, VA USA 22202 Tel : +1 703-341-2400 www.conservation.org Cover photos: The RAP team surveyed the Grensgebergte Mountains and Upper Palumeu Watershed, as well as the Middle Palumeu River and Kasikasima Mountains visible here. Freshwater resources originating here are vital for all of Suriname. (T. Larsen) Glass frogs (Hyalinobatrachium cf. taylori) lay their
    [Show full text]
  • Eric P. Rudge Ll.M
    ERIC P. RUDGE LL.M. & LL.M. Kromanti Kodjostraat hoek Aboenawrokostraat nr. 19A, Geyersvlijt Paramaribo – Suriname S.A. Tel + app: (00597) 8835621 (mobile) Private: 00597) 455363 App nr.: (005999) 6635527 E-mail: [email protected] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: RUDGE First and middle name: ERIC PATRICK Date of birth: NOVEMBER 16, 1960 Place of birth: PARAMARIBO, SURINAME Religion: ROMAN CATHOLIC Domicile: SURINAME Address: KROMANTI KODJO HK ABOENAWOKOSTRAAT nr. 19A Nationality: SURINAMESE Children: 4 (FOUR) Marital status: SEPARATED 1 EDUCATION: # Legal 2018 – April 2019 Specialized courses tailored for the members of the Judiciary in Suriname initiated by the High Court of Justice in Suriname, offered through de ‘Stichting Juridische Samenwerking Suriname Nederland’ in cooperation with ‘Studiecentrum Rechtspleging’ (SSR), Zutphen, The Netherlands July 2010 External Action and Representation of the European Union: Implementing the Lisbon Treaty, CLEER (Centre for the Law of EU External Relations) and T.M.C. Asser Institute Inter-University Research Centre, Brussels, Belgium March 2008 The Movement of Persons and Goods in the Caribbean Area, 35th External Programme, The Hague Academy of International Law in cooperation with the Government of the Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic September 2007 30th Sanremo Roundtable on Current Issues of International Humanitarian Law, International Institute of Humanitarian Law (IIHL), International
    [Show full text]
  • Bab Ii Analisis Dan Tinjauan Teori
    BAB II ANALISIS DAN TINJAUAN TEORI 2.1. Tinjauan Judul Perancangan 2.1.1. Perancangan Komik 2.1.1.1.Perkembangan Komik Karya perancangan ini bersifat sebagai eksplorasi awal di bidang pembuatan komik. Dalam karya ini juga membahas penggunaan teknik visual gabungan antara elemen 2D dan elemen 3D. 2.1.2. Gambar Ilustrasi 2.1.2.1.Perkembangan Ilustrasi Dalam karya ini digunakan teknik illustrasi yang mengandalkan garis (outline) dan kekuatan hitam-putih (contrast). 2.1.3. Tinjauan Science-fiction Fiksi ilmiah adalah sebuah genre yang luas tentang fiksi yang sering melibatkan spekulasi-spekulasi yang berdasar ilmupengetahuan dan teknologi jaman sekarang. Fiksi ilmiah dapat ditemukan di buku-buku, karya seni, televisi, film, games, teater, dan media-media lainnya. Dalam fiksi ilmiah terdapat berbagai macam tema dan sub-genre yang sangat sulit untuk didefinisikan. Berikut ini adalah daftar definisi menurut beberapa penerbit, editor, dan kritikus dari tahun ketahun sejak fiksi ilmiah menjadi bagian yang terpisah dari genre-genre lainnya. Menurut Hugo Gernsback.1920. “Dengan fiksi ilmiah saya maksud adalah tipe cerita seperti karangan Jules Verne, H.G. Wells dan Edgar Allan Poe, sebuah cerita yang digabungkan dengan fakta-fakta ilmiah dan visi-visi. Cerita-cerita menakjubkan tersebut tidak hanya marupukan bacaan yang sangat menarik, namun juga sangat instruktif. Cerita-cerita tersebut memberi pengetahua, dengan cara yang mudah diserap, pertualangan-pertualangan yang ada di cerita-cerita jaman sekarang bukanlah tidak mungkin dapat terrealisasi di masa akan datang… “(qtd. in Stableford, Clute dan Nicholls 311-314) 9 Universitas Kristen Petra 10 Menurut Robert A. Heinlein. 1947.” Spekulasi realistis mengenai kejadian-kejadian yang mungkin akan terjadi, didasarkan oleh pengetahuan yang mencukupi tentang dunia nyata, jaman lampau dan sekarang, dan pengertian yang dalam mengenai alam dan kepentingan metode ilmiah.
    [Show full text]
  • Plagiat Merupakan Tindakan Tidak Terpuji
    PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PERANAN SUDIRO DALAM PERJUANGAN KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA TAHUN 1945 SKRIPSI Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Oleh: Fransiska Ernawati NIM: 031314006 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2008 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI MOTTO “Biarlah tanganmu menjadi penolongku, sebab aku memilih titah-titahmu” (MAZMUR 119 : 173) “Serahkanlah perbuatanmu kepada TUHAN, maka terlaksanalah segala perbuatanmu” (AMSAL 16 : 3) “Jangan ingatkan ketakutan anda, tetaplah ingat harapan dan impian anda. Jangan fikirkan frustasi anda, tetapi fikirkan potensi yang belum anda penuhi. Jangan khwatirkan diri anda sendiri dengan apa yang telah anda coba tapi gagal, tapi dengan apa yang masih mungkin anda lakukan ” (Paus Yohanes XXIII) iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PERSEMBAHAN Karya kecil ini kupersembahkan teruntuk : Tuhan Yesus Kristus yang senantiasa mendampingi, melindungi dan selalu memberikan segala hal yang terbaik dalam setiap langkah hidupku Bunda Maria yang sungguh baik hati Kedua orang tuaku yang tercinta, (Bapak Sugito Markus dan Ibu Senti Sihombing) Dan adik-adikku yang tersayang, (Sisilia Yuni Diliana dan Yulius Tri Setianto) v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK Fransiska Ernawati : Peranan Sudiro Dalam Perjuangan Kemerdekaan Indonesia Tahun 1945. Penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis: (1) latar belakang pendidikan dan pengalaman politik (partai) dari Sudiro, (2) usaha-usaha Sudiro dalam suatu pergerakan kebangsaan sebelum perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia 17 Agustus 1945, (3) peranan dari Sudiro dalam pelaksanaan perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia tahun 1945.
    [Show full text]