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Nationalism, Internationalism and Chinese Foreign Policy CHEN ZHIMIN*
Journal of Contemporary China (2005), 14(42), February, 35–53 Nationalism, Internationalism and Chinese Foreign Policy CHEN ZHIMIN* This article examines the role of nationalism in shaping Chinese foreign policy in the history of contemporary China over the last 100 years. Nationalism is used here as an analytical term, rather than in the usual popular pejorative sense. By tracing the various expressions of contemporary Chinese nationalism, this article argues that nationalism is one of the key enduring driving forces which have shaped Chinese foreign policy over the period; as China increasingly integrates herself into this globalized and interdependent world and Chinese confidence grows, the current expression of Chinese nationalism is taking a more positive form, which incorporates an expanding component of internationalism. In recent years, nationalism has been one of the key focuses in the study of China’s foreign policy. In the 1990s, several Chinese writers started to invoke the concept of nationalism, both in their study of Chinese foreign policy and in their prescriptions for the Chinese foreign policy. Likewise, in English-language scholarship the study of Chinese nationalism largely sets the parameters of the debate about the future of Chinese foreign policy and the world’s response to a rising China. An overarching theme of this Western discourse is a gloomy concern with the worrisome nature of recent expressions of Chinese nationalism. Samuel P. Huntington was famously concerned about China’s intention ‘to bring to an end the -
After Orientalism Leiden Studies in Islam and Society
After Orientalism Leiden Studies in Islam and Society Editors Léon Buskens (Leiden University) Petra M. Sijpesteijn (Leiden University) Editorial Board Maurits Berger (Leiden University) – R. Michael Feener (National University of Singapore) – Nico Kaptein (Leiden University) Jan Michiel Otto (Leiden University) – David S. Powers (Cornell University) volume 2 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/lsis After Orientalism Critical Perspectives on Western Agency and Eastern Re-appropriations Edited by François Pouillon Jean-Claude Vatin leiden | boston Cover illustration: Osman Hamdi Bey [1842–1910], A Persian carpet dealer or Street scene in Constantinople, 1888. Oil on canvas, 60×119,5 cm. Copyright: bpk / Nationalgalerie, smb / Bernd Kuhnert. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Colloque "L'orientalisme et après? - Méditations, appropriations, contestations" (2011 : Paris, France) After orientalism : critical perspectives on western agency and eastern re-appropriations / edited by Francois Pouillon, Jean-Claude Vatin. pages cm. – (Leiden studies in Islam and society ; v. 2) Original French title: Après l'orientalisme : l'Orient créé par l'Orient. Includes index. Translated from French. ISBN 978-90-04-28252-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-90-04-28253-7 (e-book) 1. Orientalism–Congresses. 2. East and West–Congresses. 3. Middle East–Civilization–Congresses. I. Pouillon, Francois. II. Vatin, Jean-Claude. III. Title. DS61.85.C6513 2011 303.48'2182105–dc23 2014034595 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. -
The Centralia the Origin and the Basics
1 The Centralia The Origin and the Basics o see what China is and represents takes one to an ocean of information Tabout 20 percent of the humankind living on a continent over millennia. Appropriate to its mountainous volume, the existing knowledge of China is defiled by countless myths and distortions that often mislead even the most focused about China’s past, present, and future. Generations of students of China have translated and clarified much of the Chinese mystique. Many sturdy Chinese peculiarities, however, persist to impede standardization and general- ization of China studies that still critically need more historically grounded researches (Perry 1989, 579–91). To read the Chinese history holds a key to a proper understanding of China. Yet, the well-kept, rich, and massive Chi- nese historical records are particularly full of deliberate omissions, inadvertent inaccuracies, clever distortions, and blatant forgeries. A careful, holistic, and revisionist deciphering of the Chinese history, therefore, is the prerequisite to opening the black box of Chinese peculiarities. The first step is to clarify the factual fundamentals of China, the Centralia, that are often missed, miscon- strued, or misconceived. The revealed and rectified basics inform well the rich sources and the multiple origins of China as a world empire. This chapter thus explores the nomenclature, the ecogeography, the peoples, and the writing of history in the Chinese World. The starting point is the feudal society prior to the third century BCE, the pre-Qin Era when the Eastern Eurasian continent was under a Westphalia-like world order. The Chinese Nomenclature: More than Just Semantics China (Sina in Latin, Cīna in Sanskrit, and Chine in French) is most prob- ably the phonetic translation of a particular feudal state, later a kingdom in today’s Western China (䦎⚥ the Qin or the Chin, 770–221 BCE) that 9 © 2017 State University of New York Press, Albany 10 The China Order became an empire and united and ruled the bulk of East Asian continent (䦎㛅 221–207 BCE). -
The Forgotten Queens of Islam This Page Intentionally Left Blank the Forgotten Queens of Islam
The Forgotten Queens of Islam This page intentionally left blank The Forgotten Queens of Islam FATIMA MERNISSI Translated by Mary Jo Lakeland University of Minnesota Press Minneapolis English Translation © Polity Press 1993 First Published in France as Sultanes oubliees © Editions Albin Michel S.A., 1990 This translation first published 1993 by Polity Press in association with Blackwell Publishers All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 111 Third Avenue South, Suite 290 Minneapolis, MN 55401-2520 http://www.upress.umn.edu Fourth paperback printing, 2006 A CIP record is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 0-8166-2439-9 (pb) Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper The University of Minnesota is an equal-opportunity educator and employer. Contents Introduction: Was Benazir Bhutto the First? 1 PART i Queens and Courtesans 1 How Does One Say 'Queen' in Islam? 9 2 The Caliph and the Queen 26 3 The jawari or Revolution in the Harem 37 4 Khayzuran: Courtesan or Head of State? 51 PART ii Sovereignty in Islam 5 The Criteria of Sovereignty in Islam 71 6 Fifteen Queens 88 PART in The Arab Queens 7 The Shi'ite Dynasty of Yemen 115 8 The Little Queens of Sheba 139 9 The Lady of Cairo -
Bab Ii Analisis Dan Tinjauan Teori
BAB II ANALISIS DAN TINJAUAN TEORI 2.1. Tinjauan Judul Perancangan 2.1.1. Perancangan Komik 2.1.1.1.Perkembangan Komik Karya perancangan ini bersifat sebagai eksplorasi awal di bidang pembuatan komik. Dalam karya ini juga membahas penggunaan teknik visual gabungan antara elemen 2D dan elemen 3D. 2.1.2. Gambar Ilustrasi 2.1.2.1.Perkembangan Ilustrasi Dalam karya ini digunakan teknik illustrasi yang mengandalkan garis (outline) dan kekuatan hitam-putih (contrast). 2.1.3. Tinjauan Science-fiction Fiksi ilmiah adalah sebuah genre yang luas tentang fiksi yang sering melibatkan spekulasi-spekulasi yang berdasar ilmupengetahuan dan teknologi jaman sekarang. Fiksi ilmiah dapat ditemukan di buku-buku, karya seni, televisi, film, games, teater, dan media-media lainnya. Dalam fiksi ilmiah terdapat berbagai macam tema dan sub-genre yang sangat sulit untuk didefinisikan. Berikut ini adalah daftar definisi menurut beberapa penerbit, editor, dan kritikus dari tahun ketahun sejak fiksi ilmiah menjadi bagian yang terpisah dari genre-genre lainnya. Menurut Hugo Gernsback.1920. “Dengan fiksi ilmiah saya maksud adalah tipe cerita seperti karangan Jules Verne, H.G. Wells dan Edgar Allan Poe, sebuah cerita yang digabungkan dengan fakta-fakta ilmiah dan visi-visi. Cerita-cerita menakjubkan tersebut tidak hanya marupukan bacaan yang sangat menarik, namun juga sangat instruktif. Cerita-cerita tersebut memberi pengetahua, dengan cara yang mudah diserap, pertualangan-pertualangan yang ada di cerita-cerita jaman sekarang bukanlah tidak mungkin dapat terrealisasi di masa akan datang… “(qtd. in Stableford, Clute dan Nicholls 311-314) 9 Universitas Kristen Petra 10 Menurut Robert A. Heinlein. 1947.” Spekulasi realistis mengenai kejadian-kejadian yang mungkin akan terjadi, didasarkan oleh pengetahuan yang mencukupi tentang dunia nyata, jaman lampau dan sekarang, dan pengertian yang dalam mengenai alam dan kepentingan metode ilmiah. -
Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Explaining the paradox of market reform in communist China: the uneven and combined development of the Chinese Revolution and the search for ‘national salvation’ Luke Cooper University of Sussex July 2013 Thesis submitted for the fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations at the University of Sussex. 2 Abstract This thesis addresses the paradox of capitalist market reform being introduced by a politically undefeated communist state in China. It does so by developing an historical account of the Chinese polity’s relationship with the modern world. Chapter one offers a critique of existing explanations; these tend to focus narrowly on the immediate circumstances surrounding the decision to reform and thereby eschew analysis of the specific dynamics of the Chinese Revolution. In so doing, they also ignore its origins within the welter of contradictions arising from the process of capitalist internationalization, giving no causal efficacy to ‘the international’ in explaining this dramatic social transformation. -
Kate Elliott
SPIRIT GATE book one of crossroads Kate Elliott A Tom Doherty Associates Book New York This is a work of fiction. All the characters and events portrayed in this novel are either fictitious or are used fictitiously. spirit gate: book one of crossroads Copyright © 2006 by Katrina Elliott All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book, or portions thereof, in any form. Edited by James Frenkel Endpaper map by Elizabeth Danforth A Tor Book Published by Tom Doherty Associates, LLC 175 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10010 www.tor.com Tor® is a registered trademark of Tom Doherty Associates, LLC. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Elliott, Kate. Spirit gate / Kate Elliott. p cm. — (Crossroads ; bk. 1) “A Tom Doherty Associates book.” 1. Imaginary wars and battles—Fiction. I. Title. II. Series : Elliott, Kate. Crossroads ; bk. 1. PS3555.L5917S65 2006 813'.54—dc22 2006005913 0987654321 This novel is lovingly dedicated to my sister Sonja who, during the same year I was writing this book, tackled three major life changes very like those in the story. acknowledgments I WOULD LIKE to thank my beta-test readers, all of whom offered exceedingly useful comments: Jay Silverstein, Gerald Rasmussen, Sigrid Rasmussen, Sherwood Smith, Edana Mackenzie, Karen Williams, and Ann Marie Rasmussen. My children, as always, gave me feedback when I asked for it, and sometimes when I didn’t. David B. Coe and Meriday Beth Komor kindly took time to give me advice on wildlife behaviors. However, any mistakes are my own, and have nothing to do with the excellent observations they proffered. -
Stories from Moroccan Mixed Ethno-Religious Communities
Personal Experience (Hi)Stories from Moroccan Mixed Ethno-Religious Communities THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Cory Thomas Driver Graduate Program in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures The Ohio State University 2011 Master's Examination Committee: Professor Sabra Webber, Advisor Professor Daniel Frank Professor Michael Swartz Copyright by Cory Thomas Driver 2011 Abstract This thesis examines the side-by-side relationship of Jews and Muslims, especially Imazighen, in the High Atlas region of Morocco. A historical survey of the presence of Jews in North Africa is followed by oral histories seeking to detail life in the second half of the twentieth century. The author finds that while living together, and certainly after living apart, the two religious communities define their past by means of their experiences of the other. ii Dedication This work is dedicated to my family, Sarah, Jake, Jess, Yael, Heather, Steve, Matt, Adi, Ynon, Baba Moha and Hayatino. Lastly, in the words of Shmuel, I would like to give all credit to the Creator. iii Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge the great help of Professor Webber, who worked tirelessly on re-reading this work and providing direction. I could not have done the research in Israel without the Melton Fellowship conferred upon me by the Melton Center for Jewish Studies at Ohio State. Professor Chetrit and Professor Frank were both very helpful in suggesting people with whom I should speak, and my research would be much less interesting without their help. -
Reverse Hallucinations in the Archipelago
3 Reverse Hallucinations in the Archipelago intercalations 3 I The intercalations: paginated exhibition series is an experimental foray exploring the structure of the book as a potential curatorial space. As the reader-as-exhibition-viewer moves through the book-as-exhibition, she discovers that the erratic intercalations of the Anthropocene invite new forms of literacy, visuality, inquiry, and speculation that are, in the words of Clarice Lispector, less promiscuous than they are kaleidoscopic. intercalations is a project of SYNAPSE—The International Curators’ Network, published by K. Verlag and Haus der Kulturen der Welt intercalations: in conjunction with “The Anthropocene Project.” paginated exhibition series II III Reverse Hallucinations in the Archipelago unfolds an itinerant encounter with nineteenth-century European naturalists in the Malay world, where the theory of evolution by natural selection emerged alongside less celebrated concerns about mass extinction and climate change; by re-considering Reverse Hallucinations the reverse hallucinatory condition of colonial science in the tropics—how scientists learned to not see what was manifestly present—the reader- in the Archipelago as- exhibition-viewer may exhume from the remains of this will to knowledge an ethical conviction co-edited by of particular relevance for confronting forms of Anna-Sophie Springer neocolonization in the Anthropocene. & Etienne Turpin in association with Kirsten Einfeldt & Daniela Wolf intercalations 3 Preface by Kirsten Einfeldt & Daniela Wolf Orra White Hitchcock, Plate 27, “Strata near Valenciennes,” 1828–40, pen and ink drawing on linen, (1 of 61). Courtesy of Amherst College Digital Collections. Below a surface of three horizontal, uninterrupted layers, six types of sedimentation are seen moving their way up and down in a zigzag and pushing against a nearly horizontal section of differently composed layers situated on the left side of the image. -
PDF Van Tekst
Indische Letteren. Jaargang 18 bron Indische Letteren. Jaargang 18. Werkgroep Indisch-Nederlandse Letterkunde, Alphen aan den Rijn 2003 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_ind004200301_01/colofon.php © 2013 dbnl i.s.m. 1 [Nummer 1] Redactioneel In deze aflevering vraagt Esther ten Dolle aandacht voor een verschijnsel dat een belangrijk ingrediënt vormt van de bellettrie over Indië, maar dat tot dusver in ons periodiek nog geen bijzondere nadruk heeft gekregen. Dat gebeurt nu dus wel, in haar artikel ‘Tropenkolder in de Indische letteren’. Aan Tjalie Robinson is binnen onze kring uiteraard veel meer aandacht besteed. Toch weet Alexander Nieuwenhuis de relatie tussen Vincent Mahieu en Tjalie Robinson nog wat scherper onder woorden te brengen in zijn bijdrage: ‘De Januskop van Jan Boon’. Binnen onze toenemende belangstelling voor Indische gedichten past ook het overzicht dat René B. Karels geeft van de Indische poëzie van Leo Vroman en diens echtgenote Georgine Sanders (bij Vroman-lezers ook bekend als ‘Tineke’). De eerstvolgende lezingenmiddag vindt plaats op vrijdag 30 mei 2003. Gerard Termorshuizen zal dan zijn licht laten schijnen over de Indische journalist l'Ange Huet. ‘Visies op de Indische “oermoeder”; het beeld van de njai in de Indisch-Nederlandse literatuur’ is de veelbelovende titel van een lezing door Reggie Baay. Het tweede deel van de middag bestaat uit een gesprek met Adriaan van Dis. Peter van Zonneveld zal de auteur vooral aan de tand voelen over diens roman Familieziek. Nadere informatie over deze bijeenkomst vindt u achter in deze aflevering. Ten slotte willen we u alvast mededelen dat ons symposium ditmaal gewijd zal zijn aan een onderwerp dat al jaren op de agenda stond, maar dat nu in het najaar dan echt aan bod zal komen: Het KNIL in de Indische letteren. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Anomalous women in fteenth-century castilian ballads Hoogesteger, Naomi May Jensen How to cite: Hoogesteger, Naomi May Jensen (2006) Anomalous women in fteenth-century castilian ballads, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2326/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk ANOMALOUS WOMEN IN FIFTEENTH-CENTURY CAsTILIAN BALLADS Naomi May Jensen Hoogesteger The copyright of this thesis rests with the author or the university to which it was submitted. No quotation from it, or information derived from it may be M A by Research in Spanish published without the prior written consent of the author or university, and any information derived from it should be acknowledged. University of Durham September 2006 Supervisor: Dr. Andrew M Beresford - 3 MAY Z007 TABLE OF CONTENTS C~I. lliTRODUCTION 1 C~ 11. -
Contemporary Art’: Propositions of Critical Artistic Practice in Seni Rupa Kontemporer in Indonesia
CONTEXTUALIZING ‘CONTEMPORARY ART’: PROPOSITIONS OF CRITICAL ARTISTIC PRACTICE IN SENI RUPA KONTEMPORER IN INDONESIA A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Amanda Katherine Rath January 2011 © 2011 Amanda Katherine Rath CONTEXTUALIZING ‘CONTEMPORARY ART’: PROPOSITIONS OF CRITICAL ARTISTIC PRACTICE IN SENI RUPA KONTEMPORER IN INDONESIA, 1973-1994 Amanda Katherine Rath, Ph. D. Cornell University 2011 This dissertation contends with the development of seni rupa kontemporer (contemporary art) between 1973 and 1993, with certain case studies extending to the late 1990s. I offer a history and genealogy of concepts of critical artistic practice, examining to what purpose strategies of a contemporary art have been put and from what conditions they emerged. I examine how these have been interpreted to possess criticality in Indonesia. Taking the controversial curatorial essay published for the 9th Jakarta Biennale of Art (1993) as a catalyst rather than as a point of reference, I rethink the possibility and value of a construct of an avant-garde and postmodern in seni rupa kontemporer.I propose a kind of avant-garde without modernism’s tradition of transgressive poetics. The mode of marginality I have in mind is a critical position possible only on this side of the political sea change and depoliticization of the cultural field in Indonesia after 1965. This entails tracing shifting notions of art’s and artistic autonomy, which were largely dependent upon the relation art had with politics and the spheres in which artistic practice was seen to reside.