9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
SUMMATIVE ASSESMENT
ENGLISH I PAPER CONTENTS
[email protected] - 147 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
ENGLISH I PAPER – QUESTION PATTERN Marks 60 Time: 2.30 hrs SECTION-I (VOCABULARY: 20 Marks) Part I. 1. (i to v) Synonyms 5 x 1 = 5 2. (i to v) Antonyms 5 x 1 = 5 Part II. 3. Lexical Competencies (10 will be asked in all the term Exams) 10x1 = 10 i to x 1) Syllabification (Exam:Term-1,2 \ Ref: Term1 book-unit2) 2) Homophone (Exam:Term-1,2 \ Ref:Term1 book-unit1, Term2 book-unit1) 3) Abbreviation (Exam:Term-1,2,3 \ Ref:Term1 book-unit2, Term2 book-unit2) 4) Giving plural (Exam:Term-1,2,3 \ Ref:Term1 book – unit1) 5) American English (Exam:Term-1,2,3 \ Ref:Term1 book – unit2) 6) Phrasal Verb (Exam:Term-1,2,3 \ Ref:Term1 book – unit1) 7) Prefix (Exam:Term-1,2,3 \ Ref:Term1 book – unit1) 8) Suffix (Exam:Term-1,2,3 \ Ref: Term1 book – unit1) 9) Idiom (Exam:Term-1,2,3 \ Ref:Term1 book-unit2, Term2 book-unit2, Term3 book-unit1) 10) Sentence making (Exam:Term-1,2,3 ) 11) Noun/Verb Forms (Exam:Term-3 \ Ref:Term3 book-unit1)
SECTION-II (GRAMMAR: 10 Marks)
4. Respond to the following (i-vi 6x1=6 marks, vii4marks) 6+4=10 a) One mark Grammar (6 Questions will be asked) i to vi 1) Preposition (Exam:Term-1,3 \ Ref:Term1 book-unit1) 2) Sentence Pattern (Exam:Term-1 \ Ref:Term1 book-unit2) 3) Infinitive and Gerund (Exam:Term-1,2 \ Ref:Term2 book-unit2) 4) Articles (Exam:Term-1,2) 5) Question Tag (Exam:Term-1, 2 \ Ref:Term2 book-unit1) 6) Tense (Exam:Term-1 \ Ref:Term1 book-unit3) 7) Active to Passive voice (Exam:Term-2 \ Ref:Term2 book-unit1) 8) Passive to Active voice (Exam:Term-2 \ Ref:Term2 book-unit1) 9) Direct and Indirect speech (Exam:Term-2,3 \ Ref: Term-2 book-unit1,2) 10) Phrase filling Sim-Cmpnd-Cmplx (Exam:Term-3 \ Ref: Term 3 book-unit1,2) 11) Forming single sentence from two sentences. (Exam:Term-3 \ Ref: T3unit1,2) 12) If clause (Exam:Term-3 Exam \ Ref:Term3 book-unit1) 13) Degrees of Comparison (Exam:Term-3 \ Ref:Term-2 book-unit2)
b) vii) Punctuation (Exam:Term-1,2,3 \ Ref:Term1 book – unit1)
SECTION-III (PROSE: 10 Marks) 5. Prose Questions (any 3 out of 4) 3 x 2 = 6 6. Prose Paragraph (any 1 out of 3) 1 x 4 = 4
SECTION-IV (POETRY: 10 Marks) 7. Quote from Memory - 3 lines (any 1 out of 2) 3 x 1 = 3 8. Poem Comprehension / Appreciation 3 x 1 = 3 9. Poem Paragraph (any 1 out of 2) 1 x 4 = 4
SECTION-V (Language Functions: 10 Marks) 10. Picture Comprehension 5 x 1 = 5 11. Correcting the errors (Ref:Term1 book – unit1) 5 x 1 = 5
Total Marks: 60
[email protected] - 148 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Section I
Qn : English Vocabulary :20 marks 1 - 3 I
,e;jg;gFjpapy; 3 gpupTfs; cs;sd. 1) Synonyms (,izahd thu;j;ij vOJjy; - 5 kjpg;ngz;fs;) 2) Antonyms (vjpu;r;nrhy; vOJjy; - 5 kjpg;ngz;fs;) 3) Lexical Competencies (kw;w thu;j;ijg; gapw;rpfs; - 10 kjpg;ngz;fs;) %d;W gpupTfspYk; midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Part I: 1. (i to v) Synonyms: Choose the appropriate synonym of the underlined word: 5x1=5 nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaq;fspy; Nfhblg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk; xt;nthU thHj;ijf;Fk; me;j thu;j;ijf;F ,izahd mu;j;jk; nfhz;l thu;j;ijia nfhLf;fg;gl;l njhFg;gpypUe;J vLj;J vOjNtz;Lk;. ,jw;F ,Nj topfhl;b E}ypy; cs;s ghlg;gFjpapy;(Prose) cs;s synonyms gFjpia ed;F gbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. xt;nthU gUtj;jpw;Fk; me;je;j gUtj;jpd; khjpup tpdhj;jhs; tpdhf;fis ed;F gbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. nghJthf ghlg; Gj;jfj;jpy; Prose gFjpapy; jbj;j vOj;Jfshf nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; thu;j;ijfNs ,q;F Nfl;fg;gLfpd;wd.
2. (i to v) Antonyms: Choose the appropriate antonym of the underlined word: 5x1=5 nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; Nfhblg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk; xt;nthU thHj;ijf;Fk; me;j thu;j;ijf;F vjpuhd mu;j;jk; nfhz;l thu;j;ijia nfhLf;fg;gl;l njhFg;gpypUe;J vLj;J vOjNtz;Lk;. ,jw;F ,Nj topfhl;b E}ypy; cs;s ghl(Prose) gFjpapy; cs;s Antonyms gFjpia ed;F gbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. xt;nthU gUtj;jpw;Fk; me;je;j gUtj;jpd; khjpup tpdhj;jhs; tpdhf;fis ed;F gbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
Part II: 3. Lexical Competencies (10 will be asked in all the term Exams) 10 x 1 =10 i) Syllabification (Exam: Term 1,2 \ Ref: Term1book-Unit2): nfhLf;fg;gl;l nrhw;fspy; VNjDk; xd;wpid kl;Lk; mirfshfg; gpupj;Jf; fhl;l Ntz;Lk; How to Syllabify?...... Some tips: * gpupf;fg;gl;l xt;nthU mirapYk; mtrpak; xU capu; xyp (vowel sound) ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; 1. ngUk;ghYk; a, e, i, o, u, (y) vd;w vowel vOj;Jf;fs; vj;jid Kiw jdpj;jdpahf te;Js;sNjh mijf; nfhz;L xU thu;j;ijapy; vj;jid Syllable fs; ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij mwpayhk;.
Ex: permanent vd;w ,e;j thu;j;ijapy;; e, a, e, vd;w 3 vowel vOj;Jf;fs; jdpj;jdpNa te;Js;sJ. vdNt ,J 3 syllable-fs; nfhz;l thu;j;;ij.
Permanent – Per – ma –nent 3 syllables 1 2 3 2. xU thu;j;ijapy; 2 vowel vOj;Jf;fs; Nru;e;J te;jhy; (mit dipthongs vd;gjhy; -v.fh ai, ea, ua, oi, ae) mij xU syllable vdf; nfhs;sTk;
Ex: entertainment vd;w ,e;j thu;j;ijapy;; e, e, e vd;w 3 vowel vOj;Jf;fs; jdpj;jdpahfTk; ai vd;w 2 vowel vOj;Jf;fs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W mUfpy; te;Js;sJ. ,J Nghy 2>3>4 vowel vOj;Jf;fs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W mUfpy; te;jhy; mij xU 1 syllableMf fzf;fpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
En – ter - tain – ment 4 beau – ti – ful 3 queue 1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 3. xU thu;j;ijapd; filrpapy; y vd;w vOj;J te;jhy; mij xU syllable-Mff; nfhs;sTk;
Ex: cruelty ,e;j thu;j;ijapd; filrpapy; y vd;w vOj;J te;Js;sJ. vdNt ,J 2 syllables nfhz;l thu;j;;ij.
cruelty – cruel– ty 2 syllables 1 2 [email protected] - 149 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success 4. xU thu;j;ijapd; filrpapy; e vd;w vowel vOj;J te;jhy; mJ xU syllable my;y.
Ex: prepare ,e;j thu;j;ijapd; filrpapy; e vd;w vOj;J te;Js;sJ. vdNt ,J 3 syllables nfhz;l thu;j;;ij my;y.
prepare – pre-pare 2 syllables 1 2 5. xU thu;j;ijapd; filrpapy; ly, ness, ment, ion vd;w suffix vOj;Jf;fs; te;J mjd; Kd; e vd;w vowel vOj;J te;jhy; me;j e vd;w vowel-I xU syllable Mf vz;zf; $lhJ.
Ex: barely ,e;j thu;j;ijapd; filrpapy; ly vd;w vOj;J te;J mjd; Kd; e vd;w vowel vOj;J te;Js;sJ. vdNt me;j e vd;w vowelI xU syllable Mf vz;ztpy;iy. cr;rupg;gpYk; tUtjpy;iy vdNt ,J 3 syllables nfhz;l thu;j;;ij my;y.
barely – bare - ly 2 syllables 1 2 6. xU thu;j;ijapd; filrpapy; _ed vd;w vOj;J te;jhy; mJ xU syllable my;y.
Ex: dropped ,e;j thu;j;ijapd; filrpapy; ed vd;w vOj;J te;Js;sJ. vdNt ,J 2 syllables nfhz;l thu;j;;ij my;y.
dropped – dropped 1 syllable. 1 *(Mdhy; ded, ted vd KbAk; thu;j;ijfSf;F ,J nghUe;jhJ. ck;: at – ten – ded - 3 syllables ; sup – por- ted - 3 syllables ) 7. nghJthf midj;J Mq;fpy thu;j;ijfSf;Fk; cr;rupg;G Kiwia Phonetic sound –I mbg;gilahf itj;Nj syllable gpupf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l top Kiwfs; cq;fs; cjtpf;fhf kl;LNk.
Ex. whole (hɔ:l) ,q;F xU syllable kl;LNk cs;sij ftdpf;fTk; 8. xU thu;j;ijapd; filrpg; gFjp _ble vd Kbe;jhy; mJ xU Syllable vdf; nfhs;sTk; Ex. vi-si-ble 3 syllables
Examples: Words Syllabification Syllables Words Syllabification Syllables properly pro-per-ly 3 popular po-pu-lar 3 entertainment en-ter-tain-ment 4 internal in-ter-nal 3 astronomy as-tro-no-my 4 barely bare-ly 2 observable ob-ser-va-ble 4 philharmonic phil-har-mo-nic 4 permanent per-ma-nent 3 extravaganza ex-tra-va-gan-za 5 about a-bout 2 articulate ar-tic-u-late 4 inside in-side 2 environment en-vir-on-ment 4 music mu-sic 2 diminish di-mi-nish 3 guitarist gui-ta-rist 3 dispute dis-pute 2 prisoners pri-so-ners 3 fanatic fa-na-tic 3
Additional: remember re-mem-ber 3 examination e-xa-mi-na-tion 5 political po-li-ti-cal 4 bicycle bi-cy-cle 3 determination de-ter-mi-na-tion 5 composition com-po-si-tion 4 madam ma-dam 2 beautiful beau-ti-ful 3 invitation in-vi-ta-tion 4 people (pi:pl) peo-ple 2 advocate ad-vo-cate 3 pupil (pju:pl) pu-pil 2 thought thought 1 comfortable* com-for-ta-ble 4
VNjDk; xU thu;j;ijia kl;Lk; mir gpupj;J vj;jid mirfs; vd;gij Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk; [email protected] - 150 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Examples: Separate the syllables of the following. (nfhLf;fg;gl;l nrhw;fis mirfshf gpup) 1. document 2. president 3. duties 4. regimental 5. humanity 6. environment 7. medical 8. sneezing 9. sensitive 10. diaphragm
Ans: 1. do-cu-ment 3 2. pre-si-dent 3 3. du-ties 2 4. re-gi-men-tal 4 5. hu-ma-ni-ty 4 6. en-vi-ron-ment 4 7. me-di-cal 3 8. sneez-ing 2 9. sen-si-tive 3 10. dia-phragm 2
Syllabify the following words:(Term 1- Text Book Page No.132) cosmos cos-mos (2) gravity gra -vi-ty (3) electrical e-lec-tri-cal (4) 1. a-bun-dance(3) 2. a-ble (2) 3. har-mo-ny (3) 4. re-gen-er-ate(4) 5. max-i-mise (3) 6. u-ni-verse (3) 7. re-search(2) 8. sur-ren-der (3) 9. sci-en-tists (3) 10. res-pon-si-ble(4) 11. sur-vi-val (3) 12. ac-co-mo-date (4)
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Separate the syllables of any one of the words: (a) document (b) typical (c) remember (d) terrible Answers: a) do-cu-ment 3 b) ty-pi-cal 3 c) re-mem-ber 3 d) ter-ri-ble 3 Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Separate the syllables of the word ‗document‘ Answer: do-cu-ment 3 ii) Homophones (Exam:Term-1,2 \ Ref:Term1book-unit1): Homophones – Similar sounding words (Homophones vd;gJ xNu cr;rupg;igf;nfhz;l spelling kw;Wk; mu;j;jk; NtWgl;l ,uz;L nrhw;fshFk;.) know (njupAk;) no (,y;iy) there (mq;Nf) their (mtu;fSila) hear (Nfs;) here (,q;Nf) bear (nghWj;Jf;nfhs;) bare (ntWk;) our (vq;fSila) hour (kzp) pair (N[hb) pear (Ngupf;fha;) herd (ke;ij) heard (Nfs;tpg;gl;l) lone (jdpahf) loan (fld;) meet (re;jpg;G) meat (,iwr;rp) steel (,Uk;G v/F) steal (jpUL) some (rpy) sum ($Ljy;) break (cil) brake (Ntfj;jil fUtp) price (tpiy) prize (gupR) role (gq;F> ghj;jpuk;) roll (Rw;W) new (Gjpa) knew (njupe;jJ) pray (n[gk;nra;) prey (,iu) see (ghu;) sea (fly;) weather (jl;gntg;gk;) whether (,izg;G nrhy;) two (,uz;L) too (mJTk;$l) hole (Jis> Xl;il) whole (KO) died (,we;JNghd) dyed (rhak;G+rpa)
Type-1: Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Choose the sentence that is correct in meaning. Mobile phones are not aloud inside the hall. Mobile phones are not allowed inside the hall. Answer: Mobile phones are not allowed inside the hall. Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Choose the sentence that is correct in meaning. (a) The thief broke open the steal almirah. (b) The thief broke open the steel almirah Answer: The thief broke open the steel almirah
Type-2: Fill in the blanks with suitable word choosing from the pairs given in brackets. Answers: 1. The driver applied the hand ………. to stop the car. (break / brake) 1) brake (gpNuf;> jil) 2. The hungry lion went in search of its ……. (pray / prey) 2) prey (,iu) 3. The …….. is pleasant today. (whether / weather) 3) weather (jl;gntg;gk;) 4. Sundar ate the …….. cake yesterday. (hole / whole) 4) whole (KO) 5. My uncle ……… a strange sound last night. (herd / heard) 5) heard (Nfl;lhu;)
[email protected] - 151 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Type-3: Pickout the Homophone pairs to complete the following sentences. Answers: (know-no, hour-our, there-their, bear-bare, pair-pear, 1) steel-steal died-dyed, lone-loan, steel-steal, break-brake, role-roll) 2) bear –bare 1. The thief broke open the ……. almirah to …… the jewels. 3) no-know 2. The old man couldn‘t …… the pain walking ….. foot on the rugged road after the rains. 4) dyed-died 3. It‘s very hard to say …… to a person whom you …. very well. 5) their-there 4. The ….. hair of the ….. person is grey. 5. They keep …… bags …….
iii) Abbreviation and Acronym (Term-1,2,3 Exam Ref:Term1book– unit2,Term2book-unit2) Abbreviations are shortened forms of a word or phrase. (Abbreviation vd;gJ xU tpuptpd; Kjy; vOj;Jf;fis kl;Lk; nfhz;l RUf;fk;.) v.fh.: SBI (v];gpI) Acronym is a word coined from the initial letters of an expansion. (Acronym vd;gJ xU tpuptpd; Kjy; vOj;Jf;fshy; cUthf;fg;gLk; thu;j;ij.) v.fh: NASA (eh]h)> AIR (Vu;)
(Fwpg;G: SBI vd;gij jdpj;jdp vOj;jhf v];gpI vd;W nrhy;fpNwhk; NASA vd;gij eh]h vd;W xU thu;j;ijahfNt nrhy;fpNwhk;)
No Abbreviation Expansion (Given in Book) 1 PIN Postal Index Number 2 ZIP Zone Improvement Plan (Postal code in US) 3 FAA Federal Aviation Administration (FAA Regulations) 4 MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology 5 DRDO Defence Research and Development Organisation 6 VVIP Very Very Important Person 7 TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language 8 GMAT Graduate Management Admission Test 9 IELTS International English Language Testing System 10 AIMCET All India MCA(Master of Computer Applications) Common Entrance Test 11 TANCET TAmilNadu Common Entrance Test 12 YMCA Young Men‘s Christian Association 13 MIG Mini Inter Galactic ship 14 USPS United States Postal Service 15 SMS Short Message Service 16 e-mail electronic mail 17 CVR Cockpit Voice Recorder 18 FDR Flight Data Recorder 19 EIC East India Company
No Abbreviation Expansion 20 CFC Chloro Fluoro Carbon 21 WWF World Wide Fund 22 ZSI Zoological Survey of India 23 GPM Green Peace Movement 24 IBWL Indian Board for Wildlife 25 IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature 26 WHO World Health Organisation 27 UNO United Nations Organisation 28 CWG Common Wealth Games 29 WWW World Wide Web 30 RBI Reserve Bank of India 31 SBI State Bank of India 32 NGO Non Governmental Organisation [email protected] - 152 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success 33 IAS Indian Administrative Service 34 BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 35 UPSC Union Public Service Commission 36 TNPSC Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission 37 UGC University Grants Commission 38 CBSE Central Board of Secondary Education 39 FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation / Finance and Accounting Outsourcing 40 NRI Non Resident Indian 41 ISF International Softball Federation 42 CPU Central Processing Unit 43 IPS Indian Police Service 44 MBA Master of Business Administration 45 MLA Member of Legislative Assembly 46 ATM Automated Teller Machine 47 NCC National Cadet Corps 48 CEO Chief Educational Officer 49 UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund (Formerly - United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) 50 etc et cetera 51 Ltd Limited 52 Mt. Mount 53 tsp Teaspoonful 54 pg Page 55 Vs Versus 56 ESP Extra Sensory Perception 57 NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration 58 ACHOO Autosomal Dominant Compelling Helio-Ophthalmic Outburst 59 SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 60 AIR All India Radio 61 LPG Liquefied Petrolium Gas
Exercises: Give the Expansion of 1) LPG 2) WHO 3) UNO 4) GPM 5) WWW
Answers: 1) LPG – Liquefied Petrolium Gas 2) WHO – World Health Organisation 3) UNO – United Nations Organisation 4) GPM – Green Peace Movement 5) WWW – World Wide Web
Term-1&2 Model Question Exercise: Which is the correct expansion of LPG. (a) Like Petroleum Gas (b) Liquefied Petroleum Gas (c) Lead Petroleum Gas (d) Light Petroleum Gas Answer: Liquefied Petroleum Gas Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Choose the common expansion of ISRO (a)Indian Satellite Research Organisation (b) Indian Space Research Organisation (c) Indian Space Recording Organisation (d) International Space Research Organisation Answer: Indian Space Research Organisation iv) Giving plurals (Exam: Term 1,2,3 \ Ref: Term1book-Unit1): xUikapy;(singular) nfhLf;fg;gl;lij gd;ikahf (Plural) khw;Wjy; ,jw;F fPo;fz;l tpjpfis gpd;gw;wyhk;. is -y; Kbe;jhy; mjw;F gjpyhf es vd khw;wp vOJ. Ex. crisis – crises. um -y; Kbe;jhy; mjw;F gjpyhf a vd khw;wp vOJ. Ex. medium – media. a -y; Kbe;jhy; mjw;F gjpyhf ae vd khw;wp vOJ. Ex. formula – formulae. us -y; Kbe;jhy; mjw;F gjpyhf i vd khw;wp vOJ. Ex. locus – loci. oo -te;jhy; mjw;F gjpyhf ee vd khw;wp vOJ Ex. tooth – teeth x -te;jhy; mjw;F gjpyhf ces vd khw;wp vOJ Ex. matrix – matrices (kw;wgb nghJthf plural-Mf khw;Wk; NghJ noun-cld;‗s, es‘ Nru;f;f Ntz;Lk;) [email protected] - 153 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
tpjptpyf;Ffs; 1. sheep, cattle, deer, aircraft, swine Mfpatw;Wf;F singular, plural xd;Nw. 2. spectacles, news, means, premises, species, corps –Mfpatw;Wf;F singular, plural xd;Nw 3. NtWrpy thu;j;ijfSf;F gpd;tUkhW khw;wyhk;. man – men, woman – women, child – children. 4. NkYk; rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;: son-in-law sons-in-law, commander-in-chief commanders-in-chief, man-of-war men-of-war, passer-by passers-by, Inspector-General Inspectors-General
Type-1: Choose the correct plural form: 1. What is the plural of the word ‗nucleus‘? 13. What is the plural form of ‗fungus‘? a) nuclei b) nucleuss c) nucleuses a) funguis b) fungi c) fungais 2. What is the plural of the word ‗bacillus‘? 14. What is the plural form of ‗index‘? a) bacilluses b) bacillies c) bacilli a) indexes b) indices c) indis 3. What is plural form of ‗datum‘? 15. What is the plural form of ‗vortex‘? a) datas b) data c) datums a) vortices b) vortexes c) vorteses 4. What is the plural form of ‗crisis‘? 16. What is the plural form of ‗phenomenon‘? a) crisise b) crisista c) crises a) phenomena b) phenomenea c) phenomenons 5. What is the plural form of ‗radius‘? 17. What is the plural form of ‗formula‘? a) radiuses b) radii c) radis a) formulas b) formulea c) formulae 6. What is the plural form of ‗tooth‘? 18. What is the plural form of ‗son-in-law‘? a) teeth b) tooths c) toothe a) son-in-laws b) sons-in-law c) sons-in-lawses 7. Give plural for ‗sheep‘? 19. What is the plural form of ‗man-of-war‘? a) sheeps b) sheepes c) sheep a) mans-of-war b) men-of-war c) man-of-wars 8. Write the plural for ‗medium‘? 20. What is the plural form of ‗passer-by‘? a) mediumes b) medias c) media a) passers-by b) passer-bys c) passers-bys 9. What is the plural of the word ‗axis‘? 21. What is the plural form of ‗woman‘? a) axises b) axes c) axii a) womans b) weman c) women 10. What is the plural form of ‗analysis‘? 22. What is the plural form of ‗scenery‘? a) analyses b) analyss c) analyx a) sceneries b) scenery c) scenerieses 11. What is the plural form of ‗thesis‘? 23. What is the plural form of ‗stationery‘? a) thesi b) theses c) thesises a) stationery b) stationeries c) stationerys 12. What is the plural form of ‗basis‘? 24. What is the plural form of ‗luggage‘? a) basises b) basis c) bases a) luggages b) luggage c) luggies
25. What is the plural form of ‗deer‘? Answers: a) deers b) deerses c) deer 1. nucleus - nuclei 16. phenomenon – phenomena 26. What is the plural form of ‗swine‘? 2. bacillus – bacilli 17. formula – formulae a) swine b) swines c) swina 3. datum – data 18. son-in-law - sons-in-law 27. What is the plural form of ‗information‘? 4. crisis – crises 19. man-of-war - men-of-war a) informations b) information c) informina 5. radius – radii 20. passer-by - passers-by 28. What is the plural form of ‗news‘? 6. tooth - teeth 21. woman – women a) news b) newses c) newsins 7. sheep – sheep 22. scenery – scenery 29. What is the plural form of ‗equipment‘? 8. medium – media 23. stationery – stationery a) equipment 9. axis – axes 24. luggage – luggage 10. analysis – analyses 25. deer – deer b) equipments 11. thesis – theses 26. swine – swine c) equipmentes 12. basis – bases 27. information - information 30. What is the plural form of ‗staff‘? 13. fungus - fungi 28. news – news a) staffs 14. index – indices 29. equipments b) stafs 15. vortex – vortices 30. staff c) staff
Type-2: 1. Give the plural form of ‗loaf‘ 2. Give the plural form of ‗nucleus‘ Answers: 3. Give the plural form of ‗crisis‘ 4. Give the plural form of ‗sheep‘ 1) loaves 2) nuclei 3) crises 4) sheep
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: What is the plural form of radius? (a) radiuses (b) radii (c) radius (d) radiis Answer: radii [email protected] - 154 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Give the plural form of ‗loaf‘ Answer: loaves Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Write down the plural form „sheep‟ Answer: sheep („sheep‟vd;w thu;j;ijf;F plural–k; mJNt.) v) American English (Exam: Term 1,2,3 \ Ref: Term1book-Unit2) :
rpy gpupl;b\; Mq;fpy thu;j;ijfs; mnkupf;f Mq;fpyj;jpy;; rw;W vspikahf;fg;gl;Ls;sd my;yJ khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. BRITISH ENGLISH AMERICAN ENGLISH BRITISH ENGLISH AMERICAN ENGLISH lift elevator /escalator favour favor holiday vacation honour honor film movie centre center autumn fall theatre theater petrol gasoline realise realize flat apartment visualise visualize purse wallet offence offense taxi cab traveller traveler tap faucet focussed focused sweets candies pedlar peddler
Exercise: Replace the underlined word with its equivalent American English word:nfhLf;fg;gl;l my;yJ Nfhblg;gl;l thu;j;ijf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd mnkupf;f Mq;fpy thu;j;ijia vOj Ntz;Lk; 1. Children like holiday. Answers: 2. If you take the lift to the tenth floor, you will find the office. 1. holiday - vacation 3. Shall we go for a film? 2. lift - elevator 4. My uncle brought me some sweets. 3. film - movie 5. Close the tap when it is not in use. 4. sweets - candies 5. tap - faucet 6. Take a taxi to reach the railway station. 6. taxi - cab 7. Fetch some petrol to wash my hands. 7. petrol - gasoline 8. Where is your flat? 8. flat - apartment 9. Open my purse and give him one rupee. 9. purse - wallet 10. Give the American word for ‗autumn‟ 10. autumn - fall 11. Give the American spelling for „favour‟ 11. favour - favor 12. Give the American spelling for „pedlar‟ 12. pedlar - peddler 13. Give the American spelling for „offence‟ 13. offence - offense 14. Give the American spelling for „focussed‟ 14. focussed - focused 15. Give the American spelling for „traveller‟ 15. traveller - traveler 16. visualise - visualize 16. Give the American spelling for „visualise‟ 17. centre - center 17. Give the American spelling for „centre‟ 18. metre - meter 18. Give the American spelling for „metre‟ 19. honour - honor 19. Give the American spelling for „honour‟ 20. realise - realize 20. Give the American spelling for „realise‟
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Replace the underlined word with equivalent American English word: If you take the lift you reach the fifth floor. Answer: If you take the elevator you reach the fifth floor. Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Replace the underlined word with the equivalent American English word: Children like sweets. Answer: Children like candies. Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Replace the underlined word with equivalent American English word: Speeding lorries are responsible for accidents. Answer: Speeding trucks are responsible for accidents.
[email protected] - 155 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success vi) Phrasal Verb (Exam: Term 1,2,3 \ Ref: Term1book-Unit1):
Group of words, which is different in meaning, is called Phrasal Verbs. It can not be interpreted word by word. It functions as a single word. xU tpidr;nrhy;Yk; (verb) NtW xU ,ilr; nrhy;Yk; (preposition or adverb) ,ize;J Gjpa mu;j;jj;ijf; nfhLj;jhy; mJ $l;L tpidr;nrhy;yhFk ; (phrasal verb)
It can be – Verb + Adverb. (or) Verb + preposition (or) Verb + adverb + Preposition
Phrasal verbs Meaning in English Meaning in tamil call off cancel ePf;fk; nra;jy; call on meet re;jpj;jy; dealt with managed rkhspj;jy; get back return jpUg;gpf;nfhL get back recover kPz;L th get on make progress Kd;ndLj;Jr;nry; get through pass Nju;r;rpailjy; give up abandon iftpL> tpl;LtpL hit on discover fz;Lgpbj;jy; keep on continue njhlu;e;J nra; look after take care of ftdpj;jy; look up search NjLjy; looked into examine Ma;Tnra;jy; put off postpone xj;jpitj;jy; put on wear mzpe;Jnfhs; reeled off recite, repeat xg;Gtpj;jy; set out start njhlq;F take after resemble xj;jpUj;jy; went on going on njhlu;r;rpahf
Phrasal verbs (Term 1 – Book Page no. 117) Phrasal verb Meaning Sentence bring up raise (tsu;j;jy;) The children must be brought up with love and care. bring in make, get (nfhz;LtUjy;) The South-west monsoon will bring in lots of rain. bring about cause (fhuzkhf ,Uj;jy;) My mistakes brought about a change in my life. give away distribute (toq;Fjy;) The Prime Minister will give away the prizes soon. give up stop, abandon (epWj;Jjy;) They give up smoking. give in yield, surrender (tpistp> iftpLjy;) Sri Lanka gave in finally. look at examine, see (ftdp) Please look at me. look into examine (Ma;Tnra;) The police looked into the case. look through peer, read it quickly (cw;Wg;ghu;) They look through the window. pass on hand over (xg;gil) Please pass on the pickle. pass by cross, go away (fle;Jnry;) She passed by me. pass away die (,we;JNghjy;) The minister passed away yesterday. put off delay,postpone(js;spitj;jy;) The boss put off the meeting. put in applied (tpz;zg;gpj;jy;) I put in for the job. put up lodged (mDg;gpitj;jy;) The criminals were put up in prison.
[email protected] - 156 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Model Exercises: Replace the underlined words with suitable phrasal verbs. 1. The power cut extinguished the light. 11. The sub inspector will examine the matter soon. a) put in b) put out c) put off d) put back a) look at b) look into c) look through 2. The Children must be raised with love and care. 12. I read quickly the book. a) brought up b) brought in c) brought about a) look at b) look into c) look through 3. She gets Rs.500 per month. 13. Please hand over the sugar. a) brings up b) brings in c) brings about a) pass on b) pass by c) pass away 4. The south-west monsoon will get lots of rain. 14. The pilgrims crossed the forest without any fear. a) bring up b) bring in c) bring about a) passed on b) passed by c) passed away 5. His foolish habits will definitely cause a big loss. 15. His grandmother died last week. a) bring up b) bring in c) bring about a) passed on b) passed by c) passed away 6. We are trying to make happen a change in politics. 16. They postponed the match. a) bring up b) bring in c) bring about a) put off b) put in c) put up 7. The president distributed the prizes. 17. Many people applied for the job. a) gave away b) gave up c) give in a) put off b) put in c) put up 8. You must stop your bad habits. 18. They were lodged in an old building. a) give away b) give up c) give in a) put off b) put in c) put up 9. They surrendered when they were outnumbered. 19. He discovers a new idea to solve the problem. a) gave away b) gave up c) gave in a) hits at b) hits on c) hits in 10. Please see the picture in the blackboard. 20. They started their journey in an early morning. a) look at b) look into c) look through a) set up b) set in c) set out
Answers: 1. put out (mizj;JtpL) 2. brought up (tsu;j;jy;) 3. brings in (nfhz;LtUjy;) 4. bring in (nfhz;LtUjy;) 5. bring about (tpistp) 6. bring about 7. gave away (mspj;jhu;) 8. give up (tpl;LtpL) 9. gave in (tpl;LnfhL) 10. look at (ghu;) 11. look into (Ma;jy;) 12. look through (Nehf;F) 13. pass on (nfhL) 14. passed by (fl) 15. passed away (,we;jhu;) 16. put off (js;spit) 17. put in (tpz;zg;gp) 18. put up (,U) 19. hits on (fz;Lgpb) 20. set out (njhlq;F)
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Replace the underlined word with a phrasal verb: The work scheduled for today has been postponed. (a) put out (b) put off (c) put in (d) put across Answer: The work scheduled for today has been put off. Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Replace the underlined word with the appropriate phrasal verb: The power cut extinguished the light. (a) put in (b) put out (c) put off (d) put back Answer: The power cut put off the light. Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Replace the underlined words with a phrasal verb: We should not develop bad habits (a) fill up (b) pick up (c) find out (d) drop out ,q;F develop vd;w thu;j;ijf;F ,izahd mu;j;jk; nfhz;l Phrase – pick up Answer: We should not pick up bad habits. vii) Prefix (Exam Term 1,2,3 \ Ref: Term1book-Unit1)
thu;j;ijf;F Kd;dhy; rpW mirfis Nru;g;gJ Prefix MFk; Type-1 nfhLf;fg;gl;l prefix–I ve;j thu;j;ijapy; Nrh;j;jhy; rupahdjhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij fz;Lgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. 1. Use the prefix ‗un‘ to the appropriate word given below a) easy b) play c) possible d) locate Answers: 2. Use the prefix ‗dis‘ to a suitable word. 1.uneasy a) comfort b) trouble c) employment d) selfish 2.discomfort 3. Use the prefix ‗im‘ to a suitable word 3.impossible a) justice b) possible c) regard d) told 4. foretell 4. Use the prefix ‗fore‘ to a suitable word 5. inhuman a) honour b) discipline c) selfish d) tell 5. Use the prefix ‗in‘ to a suitable word. a) employment b) honour c) human d) danger [email protected] - 157 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Type-2: Attach suitable prefixes to the highlighted word (dis, tri, un, bi, in, fore, im) Answers: 1. She looked at me in __belief. 1) belief – disbelief 2. It is __possible for a dog to fly. 2) possible – impossible 3. She is ___obedient. 3) obedient – disobedient 4. The patient is still __conscious. 4) conscious – unconscious 5. Coming late to a meeting is a __honour for the members. 5) honour – dishonour 6. __prove yourself with soft skills. 6) prove – Improve 7. The scientists ___tell the impending danger. 8. As he was a handicapped person, he drove a __cycle. 7) tell – foretell 9. Punishments will be given for ___discipline. 8) cycle – tricycle 10. We were pained at her __regard 9) discipline – indiscipline 11. __fold the paper in this way. 10) regard – disregard 12. The women rose against the __justice, he has done. 11) fold – Unfold
12) justice – injustice Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Use the prefix ‗dis‘ to a suitable word. (a) comfort (b) trouble (c) employment (d) selfish Answer : discomfort Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Use the prefix ‗un‘ to the appropriate word. (a) easy (b) play (c) possible (d) locate Answer : uneasy Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Use the prefix „un‟ to the most appropriate word. (a) tolerable (b) kind (c) possible (d) convenient Answer: unkind viii) Suffix (Exam: Term 1,2,3 \ Ref: Term1book-Unit1) thu;j;ijf;F gpd;dhy; rpWmirfis Nru;g;gJ Suffix MFk; Type-1 nfhLf;fg;gl;l suffix–I ve;j thu;j;ijapy; Nrh;j;jhy; rupahdjhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij fz;Lgpbf;f Ntz;Lk; 1. Use the suffix ‗ly‘ to the appropriate word a) comfort b) profit c) sure d) often 2. Use the suffix ‗ment ‗ to a suitable word. a) courage b) encourage c) care d) kind 3. Use the suffix ‗ness‘ to the most appropriate word a) dark b) victory c) generous d) doubt 4. Use the suffix ‗ful‘ to the most appropriate word a) real b) success c) punctual d) graduate 5. Use the suffix ‗able‘ to the most appropriate word a) ferocious b) potential c) visual d) reason Answers: 1. surely 2. encouragement 3. darkness 4. successful 5. reasonable
Type-2 Attach suitable suffixes to the highlighted words. (ly, ful, ment, ion, ous, ise, ity, ness, able) 1. The dogs fought ferocious__. 2. It was potential__ dangerous situation. Answers: 3. You gave me a success__ plan. 1. ferociously 2. potentially 4. She looks there in astonish__. 3. successful 4. astonishment 5. It is a reason__ price. 5. reasonable 6. reflection 6. He saw his reflect__ in the water. 7. really 8. punctuality 7. It is real__ wonderful. 9. humanity 10. personally 8. Our teacher insists punctual__. 11. visualise 12. greatness 9. Everyone admired his human__. 10. He is personal__ known to me. 11. Visual__ your dream and work for it. 12. We appreciated his great__.
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Use the suffix ‗ment ‗ to a suitable word. (a) courage (b) encourage (c) care (d) kind Answer: encouragement Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Use the suffix ‗ly‘ to the appropriate word (a) comfort (b) profit (c) sure (d) often Answer: surely Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Use the suffix „ness‟ to the most appropriate word (a) dark (b) victory (c) generous (d) doubt Answer: darkness
[email protected] - 158 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success ix) Idioms (Exam: Term 1,2,3 \ Ref: Term1book-Unit2, Term2 book – unit2, Term3book-Unit1) xU fUj;jpid Fwpg;ghy; czu;j;Jk; nrhw;nwhlu;fs; Idioms vdg;gLk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf mtu; Gjpa tho;f;ifiaj; njhlq;Ffpwhu; vd;gij He turns over a new leaf in his life vd;fpNwhk;. mtu; ,we;J tpl;lhu; vd;gij He kicked the bucket vd;fpNwhk;. rpy Idiom-fSk; mtw;wpd; mu;j;jq;fSk;: No Idioms Meanings 1 Nip in the bud Stop at the very beginning (KisapNyNa fps;sp vwp) 2 Fool‘s errand A fruitless undertaking (gadw;w jpl;lk;) 3 Raining cats and dogs Raining heavily (fLk; kio) 4 Turn over a new leaf Make a new beginning (Gjpa mj;jpahaj;ij njhlq;F) 5 Make a mountain out of a Exaggerate a problem / make a big deal out of nothing molehill (rpwpa tpraq;fis Cjpg; ngupjhf;F) 6 Let the grass grow under one‘s Not to waste time by delaying doing something (jhkjpg;gjd;%yk; Neuj;ij feet tPzhf;fhky; VNjDk; nra;) 7 Under the sun Anywhere on earth (G+kpapy; ve;j ,lj;jpYk;) 8 Move heaven and earth Do everything possible (Kad;why; KbahjJ ,y;iy) 9 In deep waters In big trouble (kpFe;j Jauj;jpy;) 10 Thank one‘s lucky stars To be thankful for one‘s luck (mjpu;\;lj;Jf;F ed;wpnrhy;) 11 on my toes Ready for any event (vjw;Fk; jahuha; ,Uj;jy;) 12 See eye to eye Agree (vw;Wf;nfhs;) 13 Put one‘s foot in one‘s mouth To say something embarrassing and then realise it was bad (vrFgprfhf nrhy;yptpl;L gpwF jtW vd czu;jy;) 14 Stay on one‘s toes Be ready or prepared for something (jahuhf ,Uj;jy;) 15 Keep an eye on Watch something to make sure it is okay (rupahf ,Uf;fpwjh vd ftdpj;jy;) 16 Lend/give someone a hand To help with something (ifnfhLj;jy;) 17 Be in over one‘s head Be in a situation that is very difficult (jiyf;F NkNy nrd;w f\;lfhyk;) 18 Keep one‘s fingers crossed To hope that something good will happen (ek;gpf;ifNahL fhj;jpU) 19 Get cold feet Get nervous (eLq;Fjy;) 20 Have one‘s heart set on something Really want something (kdjhu VNjDk; xd;iw tpUk;Gjy;) 21 On account of Owing to (fhuzkhf) 22 To bear with To put up with (jhq;fpf;nfhs;Sjy;) 23 In the midst of In the middle of (eLNt) 24 To be accustomed to To get used to (gof;f tof;fg;gb) 25 To take a new turn To begin a new course (Gjpa jpUg;gk;) 26 Bereft of Deprived of (ntWikahf;fg;gl;l) 27 Turn a blind eye Pretend to ignore (Ntz;lhk; vd;gJ Nghy ebj;jy;) 28 Deaf ear To pretend not to notice(ftdpf;fhjJ Nghy ebj;jy;) 29 Once in a blue moon Very rarely(kpfTk; mupjhd) 30 Cloud nine State of perfect happiness (kpFe;j kfpo;r;rp)
Type-1 Answers: 1. Write the meaning of the idiom – To nip in the bud 1.stop at the very beginning 2. Write the meaning of the idiom – Stay on one‘s toes 2. be ready for something 3. Write the meaning of the idiom – Get cold feet 3. get nervous 4. Write the meaning of the idiom – Be in over one‘s head 4. be in a situation that is very difficult 5. Write the meaning of the idiom – To take a new turn 5. to begin a new course
Type-2: Choose the correct idiom for the words that underlined: 1. They wanted to stop his development at the very beginning. a) fool‘s errand b) in deep waters c) nip in the bud 2. He came to know that it was a fruitless undertaking. a) fool‘s errand b) move heaven and earth c) nip in the bud 3. It is raining heavily now. a) under the sun b) in deep waters c) raining cats and dogs [email protected] - 159 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success 4. He makes a new beginning in his life. a) fool‘s errand b) turns over a new leaf c) nip in the bud 5. We can do nothing. She exaggerates the problem. a) make a mountain out of a molehill b) under the sun c) in deep waters 6. Don‟t waste time by delaying. Try to do some thing. a) nip in the bud b) not let the grass grow under your feet c) fool‘s errand 7. She might live anywhere in the earth. a) move heaven and earth b) under the sun c) all over 8. Do everything possible to solve this problem. a) move heaven and earth b) it is impossible c) don‘t give up 9. She is in big trouble. a) fool‘s errand b) in deep waters c) in tears 10. It is not for your talent. You have to be thankful for your luck. a) thanks to god b) well done c) thank one‘s lucky stars. 11. Firefighters have to be prepared as they have to fight a fire at anytime. a) stay on one‘s toes b) get cold feet c) see eye to eye. 12. Could you take care of my bike while I go to the store. a) stay on one‘s toes b) keep an eye on c) see eye to eye. 13. Kumar was in a very difficult situation when he missed his flight to London. a) bereft of b) be in over one‘s head c) to bear with 14. I hope that I‘ll get first rank this time. a) keep one‘s fingers crossed b) get cold feet c) to bear with 15. My son Ramesh really wants that bike May be I will buy it for his next birthday. a) keep an eye on b) have one‘s heart set on something c) stay on one‘s toes 16. Ragu helps his friend in time. a) lends him a hand b) keeps an eye on c) stays on one‘s toes 17. Parents should watch their wards keenly. a) lend him a hand b) keep an eye on c) stay on one‘s toes 18. Agree with us in this point. a) lend him a hand b) keep an eye on c) see eye to eye 19. She said the embaracing words and felt later it was wrong. a) lend him a hand b) put her foot in her mouth c) bad 20. She is in the middle of mysteries a) in the point of b) in the midst of c) fool‘s errand 1-c, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b, 5-a, 6-b, 7-b, 8-a, 9-b, 10-c, 11-a, 12-b, 13-a, 14-a, 15-b, 16-a, 17-b, 18-c, 19-b, 20-b.
Term-1&2 Model Question Exercise: Give the meaning of the idiom ‗to nip in the bud‘ Answer: stop at very beginning Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Use the idiom „in the midst of‟ in a sentence of your own ,q;F „in the midst of‟ vd;gJ xU idiom MFk;. ,jid thf;fpaj;jpy; gad;gLj;jp vOj Ntz;Lk;. Answer: She is in the midst of mystery vd vOjyhk;. (mts; Jd;gq;fspd; eLNt ,Uf;fpwhs;) x) Making Sentences using a word (Exam: Term 1,2,3) nfhLf;fg;gl;l thu;j;ijfspy; VNjDk; xU thu;j;ijiaf; nfhz;L thf;fpaj;ij mikf;f Ntz;Lk;
1 a) Angry Babu was angry. b) Anger My father was in great anger. c) Angrily Vishal shouted angrily. 2 a) Play He plays cricket. b) Player He is a cricket player. c) Playful He is very playful. 3 a) Active He is very active. b) Actively He works actively. c) Activate He activated his new SIM card. [email protected] - 160 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success 4 a) Basic Grammar is the basic of a language. b) Basically Basically she is lazy. c) Basis He got the job on the basis of merit. 5 a) Creative He has a creative mind. b) Create He creates a statue. c) Creation His creation is wonderful. 6 a) Deep The well is deep. b) Deeply She thinks deeply about her future. c) Depth The depth of the well is about 10 metres. 7 a) Enjoy He enjoys his life. b) Enjoyable The picnic is enjoyable. c) Enjoyment His enjoyment in life is reading books. 8 a) Final The umpire‘s decision is final in cricket. b) Finalise He finalised his project. c) Finally Finally he finished his project. 9 a) Obedient She is an obedient girl. b) Obediently She obediently hears his advice. c) Obey You must obey the road rules. 10 a) Pleasant It is a pleasant experience. b) Pleasurable It is a pleasurable moment. c) pleasure His pleasure was short lived.
Exercises: VNjDk; xU thu;j;ijia thf;fpaj;jpy; mikj;J vOj Ntz;Lk; Use one of the following words in a sentence of your own: 1. a) life b) live c) lively 2. a) kind b) kindly c) kindness 3. a) migrating b) migrant c) migration 4. a) earnest b) earnestly c) earnestness 5. a) beauty b) beautiful c) beautifully 6. a) fortune b) fortunate c) fortunately 7. a) pity b) piteous c) piteously 8. a) creative b) create c) creation Answers: 1. a) Life is beautiful.* 2. a) Santha is a kind girl. * b) We live in India.* b) Santha helped others kindly. c) The match was broadcasted lively.* c) Santha‟s kindness impressed everyone. 3. a) Migrating birds came to Vedanthangal every year 4. a) He took earnest effort to pass the exam. b) Migrant birds are the brave little voyagers b) He studied earnestly to pass the exam. c) Migration is a habit of some birds c) He has no earnestness in his studies. 5. a) The garden adds beauty to this house. 6. a) He is a fortune to his company. b) She is very beautiful. b) He was fortunate to get a job in US. c) The room was beautifully decorated. c) Fortunately he got a job in US. 7. a) He took pity on him. 8. a) He has a creative mind. b) She was in a piteous condition. b) He creates a statue. c) She wept piteously. c) His creation is wonderful.
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Use one of the following in your own sentence. (a) success (b) successful (c) succeeded Answer: a) He got great success in the election.* b) He is a successful leader.* c) He succeeded in his life.* Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Use one of the following words in a sentence. (a) patience (b) patiently (c) patient Answer: a) He needs patience to talk this matter.* b) He speaks patiently to the customers.* c) He is a patient.* Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Write down a sentence using one of the following words. (a) special (b) speciality (c) specialize Answer: a) She needs special care. b) It is a multi-speciality hospital. c) This shop specialises in clothes for taller men.
Fwpg;G: thu;j;ijfs; Gupatpy;iynadpy; gpd;tUkhWk; vOjyhk;. I know the meaning of …… (my;yJ) I like the word …….. (my;yJ) ……… is an English word. (my;yJ) I write the word …… (my;yJ) The teacher asked the meaning of the word …… (Nfhbl;l ,lj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l thu;j;ijfspy; xd;iw vOjTk;) [email protected] - 161 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success xi) Noun/Verb Forms –Reframing the sentence (Exam: Term 3 \ Ref:Term3book-Unit1)
nghJthf Verb form nfhz;l thf;fpak; nfhLj;J Noun form gad;gLj;jp vOjf; Nfl;bUg;ghu;fs; my;yJ Noun form nfhz;l thf;fpak; nfhLj;jpUg;ghu;fs;. mjid Verb form - Mf khw;wp thf;fpaj;ij khw;wp vOjpf;fhl;l Ntz;Lk;.
jkpo; mu;j;jk; Verb form Verb form jkpo; mu;j;jk; Noun Forms (Noun Forms) (present) (past) (past form) agreement xg;ge;jk; agree agreed xj;Jf;nfhz;lhd; arrival tUif arrive arrived te;jhd; collection tR+y; collect collected Nrfupj;jhd; comparison xg;gPL compare compared xg;gpl;lhd; construction fl;Lkhdk; construct constructed fl;bdhd; creation gilg;G create created gilj;jhd; criticism tpku;rdk; criticise criticised tpku;rpj;jhd; cultivation gapupLjy; cultivate cultivated gapupl;lhd; death ,wg;G die died ,we;jhd; dedication mu;g;gzpg;G dedicate dedicated mu;g;gzpj;jhd; definition tiuaiw define defined tiuaWj;jhd; description tpsf;fk; describe described tpsf;fpdhd; doubtful re;Njfk; doubt doubted re;Njfpj;jhd; enjoyment re;Njhrk; enjoy enjoyed re;Njhrkile;jhd; entertainment nghOJNghf;F entertain entertained nghOJNghf;fpdhd; excitement cw;rhfk; excite excited cw;rhfkile;jhd; failure Njhy;tp fail failed Njhw;whd; forgetfulness kwjp forget forgot kwe;jhd; glory Gfo; glorify glorified Gfo;e;jhd; hatred ntWg;G hate hated ntWj;jhd; health MNuhf;fpak; heal healed MNuhf;fpakile;jhd; imagination fw;gid imagine imagined fw;gidnra;jhd; impression gjpT impress impressed ftu;e;jhd; intention cs;Szu;T intend intended czu;j;jpdhd; knowledge mwpT know knew mwpe;jhd; management epu;thfk; manage managed epu;tfpj;jhd; migration Gyg;ngau;T migrate migrated Gyk;ngau;e;jhd; obedience gzpT obey obeyed fPo;gbe;jhd; operation nray; operate operated nra;jhd; organisation mikg;G organise organised xUq;fpizj;jhd; permission mDkjp permit permitted mDkjpj;jhd; pleasure ,d;gk; please pleased jpUg;jpaile;jhd; presence tUif present presented guprspj;jhd; punishment jz;lid punish punished jz;bj;jhd; reaction tpisT react reacted gjpyspj;jhd; renovation Gduikg;G renovate renovated Gduikj;jhd; separation gpupT separate separated gpupj;jhd; success ntw;wp succeed succeeded ntw;wpngw;whd; teaching fw;gpj;jy; teach taught fw;gpj;jhd;
[email protected] - 162 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Verb form Mf khw;w vspa top: Nfhbl;l thh;j;ijapy; - sion, -lity, -ful, -cious, – ness, -ment, - val, -tion Nghd;w ,Wjpapy; cs;s vOj;Jf;fis ePf;fp past tense Mf khw;wp my;yJ ‗ed‘ Nrh;j;J Verb Mf khw;Wf. Example: doubtful doubted
Noun form –I Verb form – Mf khw;wpa gpwF fPo;fz;l vLj;Jf;fhl;by; nra;tJ Nghy nra;aTk; Example – 1: He was doubtful about his uncle‘s arrival.
Past tenseMf khw;wTk; prepositionI ePf;fTk; Ans: He doubted his uncle‘s arrival.
1. Noun form thh;j;ijf;F Kd; cs;s verb-I ePf;Ff. 2. Noun form –I Verb form – Mf khw;Wf. 3. Noun form–f;F gpwF tUk; preposition-I ePf;Ff. 4. kPjp cs;sij mg;gbNa vOjTk;. Example – 2 (kw;nwhU vspa Kiw) The teacher gave a definition of the formula The teacher gave a definition of the formula The teacher defined the formula.
Exercises: 1. Reframe the sentence using the underlined word as a noun: He was punished for his disobedience. 2. Reframe the sentence using underlined word as verb: The declaration of the local holiday was given by our Collector. 3. Reframe the sentence using underlined word as noun: Be courageous to stand up for the truth 4. Reframe the sentence using underlined word as verb: The construction of this building has been done well. 5. Reframe the sentence using underlined word as verb: The teacher gave a definition of the formula through an illustration. 6. The teacher gave a description of human nature. 7. The farmers started the cultivation of kuruvai crop at the onset of monsoon. 8. He was doubtful about his uncle‘s arrival. 9. Rahim does the calculation within seconds. 10. He sent his application for the officer‘s approval.
Answers: 1. He got punishment for his disobedience. 6. The teacher described human nature. 2. The local holiday was declared by our Collector. 7. The farmers cultivated kuruvai crop. 3. Having courage, you stand up for the truth. 8. He doubted his uncle‟s arrival. 4. They constructed the building very well. 9. Rahim calculates the sum within seconds. 5. The teacher defined the formula through an illustration. 10. The officer approved his application.
Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Use the word ‗cook‘ as a noun and rewrite the sentence ―He cooks well.‖ cooks vd;w thu;j;ij ,q;F verbMf cs;sJ. mjid cook vd;w NounMf gad;gLj;jp vOj Ntz;Lk;. Answer: The cook cooks well. ,q;F cook (rikay;fhuu;) vd;gJ Noun MFk;
Term-3 Model Question Exercise: He was unhappy that he failed. (rewrite the sentence using ‗failed‘ as a noun) Failed vd;w thu;j;ijapd; Noun Form – Failure MFk;. ,g;NghJ ehk; Failure vd;w thu;j;ijiag; gad;gLj;jp thf;fpak; vOj Ntz;Lk;. Answer: He was unhappy due to his failure. vd;W nghUs; khwhky; vOjNtz;Lk;.
[email protected] - 163 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Section II Qn : 4 English i - vii Grammar :10 marks Paper - I
,e;jg;gFjpapy; 2 gpupTfs; cs;sd. i-vi) Grammar-one mark (,yf;fzk; xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;-6) 6 x 1 = 6 vii) Punctuation (ngupa vOj;J> fkh> Gs;sp…. vOJjy;) 4 ,uz;L gFjpfspYk; midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; gjpy; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kjy; gpuptpy; %d;W gUtq;fSf;Fk; Nru;j;J 12 tpdhf;fSf;fhd tptuq;fs; ,q;F nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtw;wpypUe;J xt;nthU gUtj;Nju;Tf;Fk; 7 tpdhf;fs; kl;LNk Nfl;fg;gLk;. i) Preposition (Exam: Term 1,3 \ Ref: Term1book-Unit1) rupahd preposition nfhz;L Nfhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;gNtz;Lk; ,lr;nrhw;fs; NkNy> fPNo> cs;Ns> ntspNa Nghd;wit Prepositions MFk;. Important Prepositions of Time Important Prepositions of place
The river is below the bridge. There are clouds above the car. The car is on the road. / The car is over the bridge. A man is standing by the side of (beside) the car. The road stretches in front of and behind the car. ------The train is going towards the tunnel. The train will go into the tunnel. The train will go through the tunnel. The train will go along the tunnel. The train will come out of the tunnel.
The train will go away from the tunnel.
on the road beside the road across the road along the river
upon the platform off the platform beyond the field through the room [email protected] - 164 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
inside the house outside the house climb up the mountain climb down the mountain
jump over x crawl under x over the river underneath the river
x in front of y x before y x behind y x beside y x opposite to y
around the park belt round my waist between x and y among the friends
No Prepositions Example sentence Tamil meaning Place cs;Ns The ball is in the box. me;jg; ge;J ngl;bapd; cs;Ns ,Uf;fpwJ. 1 in Time y; My brother will visit me in May. vd; rNfhjud; vd;id Nk khjj;jpy; re;jpg;ghd;. Place NkNy The book is on the table. me;j Gj;jfk; Nki[apd; Nky; ,Uf;fpwJ. 2 on Time md;W I will meet you on Monday. ehd; jpq;fs; md;W cd;idr; re;jpf;fpNwd;. Place f;Fs; Our head office is at Madurai. ekJ jiyik mYtyfk; kJiuap;y; cs;sJ. 3 at Time f;F The meeting started at 5.p.m. $l;lk; 5 kzpf;Fj; njhlq;fpaJ. Time Mf I‘ve been waiting for 5 hours. ehd; 5 kzpNeukhf fhj;jpUe;Njd;. 4 for Noun f;fhf This pencil is for my sister. ,e;j ngd;rpy; vd; rNfhjupf;fhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Place mUNf She lived by the sea. mts; flypd; mUfpy; FbapUe;jhs;. 5 by Time kzpf;Fs; I‘ll meet you by 4 O‘clock. ehd; 4 kzpf;Fs; cd;idr; re;jpf;fpNwd;. Noun My; The letter was written by me. me;jf;fbjk; vd;dhy; vOjg;gl;lJ. Place ,ypUe;J I‘m from Tanjore. ehd; jQ;rhT+upypUe;J tUfpNwd;. 6 from Time ,ypUe;J Our special class is from 7 to 8 a.m. rpwg;G tFg;G 7 kzpapypUe;J 8 tiu cs;sJ Noun kpUe;J I got the book from Sudha. RjhtplkpUe;J Gj;jfj;ij thq;fpNdd;. Place f;F I went to Vellore. ehd; NtY}Uf;Fr; nrd;Nwd;. 7 to Time tiu The visiting hour is 4 to 5 p.m. ghu;itahsu; Neuk; khiy 4 Kjy; 5kzp tiu. Noun f;F She sent the letter to Kavitha. ftpjhTf;F mts; fbjk; mDg;gpdhs;. 8 since Time ypUe;J We‘ve been living here since 2011 2011ypUe;J ,q;F trpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. **(at-Fwpg;gpl;l ,lk;. in-ngupa ,lj;Jf;Fs; ,Ug;gJ Ex. The school is at Woraiyur in Trichy)
No Prepositions Example sentence Tamil meaning 1 about gw;wp Nobody knows anything about Ravi. utpia gw;wp xUtUf;Fk; xd;Wk; njupatpy;iy. 2 above NkNy God is above all of us. flTs; midj;Jf;Fk; NkNy ,Uf;fpwhu;. The government built a bridge 3 across FWf;Nf muR me;j Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf ghyk; fl;baJ. across the river. 4 after gpwF Meet me after your meal. cdJ czTf;F gpwF vd;idr; re;jp. topahf/ Haris walked along the railway `hup]; ,uapy; ghijapd; topahf nrd;whd;./ 5 along Xuj;jpy; track./ Balu stood along the road. ghY rhiy Xuj;jpy; epd;whd;. 6 among ,ilNa They discussed it among themselves. mtu;fs; mtu;fSf;fpilNa tpthjpj;jhu;fs;. You should enter the class before ePq;fs; kzpabg;gjw;F Kd;djhf tFg;Gf;Fs; 7 before Kd; the bell. Eioe;J tpl Ntz;Lk; The boy always stands behind his me;jg; igad; vg;NghJk; mtd; jhapd; 8 behind gpd;Gwk; mother. gpd;Gwk; epw;fpwhd;. 9 below fPNo Answer the questions given below. fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F gjpy; msp The teacher stands between Ramu Mrpupau; uhKTf;Fk; NrhKf;Fk; ,ilapy ; 10 between ,ilapy; and Somu. epw;fpwhu;. 11 down fPNo Get down from the tree. kuj;jpypUe;J fPNo ,wq;F. 12 in front of Kd;Gwk; He stands in front of me. mtd; vdf;F Kd;Gwk; epw;fpwhd;. [email protected] - 165 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success cs;Sf; 13 into Fs; The Tiger fell into the well. Gyp fpzw;Wf;Fs; tpOe;jJ. 14 near mUfpy; Our house is near our school. vq;fs; tPL gs;spf;F mUfpy; cs;sJ. f;fhd> 15 of cila This is a school of fine arts. ,J Ez;fiyfSf;fhd fy;tpf;$lk.; 16 off epWj;J The teacher switched off the light. Mrpupau; me;j tpsf;if mizj;jhu;. 17 over NkNy Birds fly over the tree. gwitfs; me;j kuj;Jf;F NkNy gwf;fpd;wd. 18 through Clhf The car went through a narrow street. fhu; xU FWfpa njUtpd; Clhfr; nrd;wJ. 19 under fPo; The ball is under the table. me;j ge;J Nki[apd; mbapy; cs;sJ. 20 up NkNy Balu went up the hill. ghY kiyapd;; NkNy Vwpdhd;. 21 upon kPJ The tree fell upon me. me;j kuk; vd; kPJ tpOe;J tpl;lJ. 22 with cld; I went to Chennai with my daddy ehd; vd; mg;ghTld; nrd;idf;F nrd;Nwd; 23 beside mUfpy; The car is parked beside the tent. fhu; $lhuj;jpd; mUfpy; epWj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. 24 since ypUe;J He has been living here since 2000 mtd; 2000ypUe;J ,q;F trpj;J tUfpwhd;
Exercises: Choose the appropriate preposition to complete the sentence (rupahd Preposition–I vLj;J epug;g Ntz;Lk;): 1. It is good for children to get up early …….. the morning a) at b) on c) in 2. Students should try to get up …… 5 o‘ clock. a) after b) before c) in 3. ….. an hour you must study the subject you find difficult. a) In b) At c) For 4. Our school starts ….. 8 a.m. a) in b) on c) at 5. You should reach your school ….. time and not ….time. a) in, on b) on, in c) at, in 6. It will be appreciated if you are attentive….. the classes get over. a) in b) after c) till 7. It will be appreciated if you are attentive….. the classes get over. a) until b) before c) after 8. You can always clarify your doubts ….. the class hours. a) in b) during c) on 9. You can also clarify your doubts …. the class hours. a) after b) above c) behind 10. ….. you return home, you should wash your face. a) Before b) As soon as c) By 11. ….. you return home, you should wash your face. a) when b) before c) till 12. As you have been working …. morning, you should relax for some time. a) before b) after c) since 13. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam was born … 15th October 1931 … the island town of Rameshwaram. a) at, in b) in, at c) on, at 14. Rameshwaram is …..the east coast of Tamil Nadu ….. India a) in, on b) on, in c) at, in 15. He always got up early …. the morning. a) on b) before c) in 16. Sometimes he got up ….. 4 a.m and 5 a.m. a) before b) between c) among 17. He would get up …. sunrise. a) on b) under c) before 18. He secured his engineering degree … MIT…Chennai and then joined DRDO. a) on, in b) at,in c) in,at 19. Abdul Kalam conducted nuclear test …Pokhran …Rajastan. a) in, at b) on, at c) at, in 20. Sharad has been living …. New York …. 1990. a) in, since b) at, before c) on, after 21. ….. 1990 he was studying in the Punjab University. a) Since b) Before c) Under 22. He lives …. an apartment with his wife and children. a) on b) above c) in 23. His apartment is … the third floor. a) on b) below c) at 24. He does not work …a farm, but is employed … a business firm. a) at, at b) in, in c) to, to 25. His business firm is located …. a short distance from his house. a) at b) for c) to 26. Sharad‘s friends also stay …. the same building. a) in b) under c) on 27. Surya stays …. Sharad‘s apartment. a) in b) on c) above 28. Vikram‘s apartment is …. Sharad‘s. a) over b) below c) on 29. Sharad misses his parents who live … Chandigarh … India. a) at, in b) in, at c) by, in 30. He visits his parents … the season of spring. a) among b) during c) since 31. He has no plans to return to India ….he retires … service. a) when, on b) till, of c) until, from 32. Meet me …..your meals. a) after b) on c) in 33. The boy always stands ……his mother. a) above b) under c) behind 34. This table is made …. wood. a) of b) by c) before
[email protected] - 166 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Answers: 1.in 8. during 15. in 22. in 29. at, in 2. before 9. after 16. between 23. on 30. during 3. For 10. As soon as 17. before 24. in, in 31. until, from 4. at 11. when 18. at, in 25. at 32. after 5. in, on 12. since 19. at, in 26. in 33. behind 6. till 13. on, at 20. in, since 27. above 34. of 7. until 14. on, in 21. Before 28. below
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Choose the appropriate preposition. The child stood …….. the table a) above b) on c) over d) in Answer: The child stood on the table. Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Choose the appropriate preposition to complete the sentence. Her dress is almost identical …….. mine. a) to b) for c) at Answer: Her dress is almost identical to mine.
ii) Sentence Pattern (Exam: Term 1 \ Ref: Term1book-Unit2)
nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;ij gpupj;J mjd; thf;fpa mikg;igf; fhz Ntz;Lk;.
nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpak; VNjDk; egu;> nghUs; my;yJ ,lk; njhlu;Gilajhf Subject (S) $wg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mJNt me;j thf;fpaj;jpd; Subject (S) gFjp MFk;. nghJthf xU thf;fpaj;jpd; Kjypy; tUtJ Subject (S) (vy;yh thf;fpaj;jpYk; my;y) thf;fpaj;jpd; Verb (V) I fz;Lgpbj;J mjw;F Kd; what / who / which-I Nru;j;J (thf;fpaj;jpy; Nfl;lhy; tpilahff; fpilg;gJ Subject MFk;. eilngWk; Ex: The students are playing football now. Who are playing? The Students nraiy My uncle is building a house. Who is building? My uncle nra;gtu;) He approached the bank manager for a loan. Who approached? The Students English grammar was taught by DJ. What was taught? English grammar Chennai is the hottest city. Which is Chennai The wheels on the bus are red in colour. Which are The wheels on the bus
Fwpg;G: thf;fpaj;jpd; njhlf;fj;jpy; Gerund (verb+ing), Infinitive (to + present verb) te;jhy; mjid Subject (S) vdf; Fwpf;fTk;. v.fh:Reading is a good habit. To err is human.
xU thf;fpaj;jpd; kpf Kf;fpakhd gFjp Verb MFk;. Verb ,y;yhj thf;fpaNk Verb (V) ,y;iy. nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s Subject vd;d Ntiy / nray; nra;jJ vd;gNj me;j thf;fpaj;jpd; Verb (V) gFjp MFk;. Verb–f;F action word / doing word vd;w ngau;fSk; cz;L Ex: She sings a song. Verb – sings (Subject Vino wrote a letter. Verb – wrote nra;Ak; They will play the match next week. Verb – will play nray;) The students are playing football now. Verb – are playing All boys will be sleeping tomorrow this time Verb – will be sleeping I have done the home work Verb – have done
Chennai is the hottest city. Verb – is The wheels on the bus are red in colour. Verb – are (Nkw;fz;l ,U thf;fpaq;fspYk; ,Uf;fpwJ – vd;w nray; gw;wp $wg;gl;Ls;sJ)
nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; Verb (V) I fz;Lgpbj;J mNjhL what / whom-I Nru;j;J Object (O) Nfl;lhy; tpilahff; fpilg;gJ Object MFk;. Ex: The students are playing football now. Playing what? football (nra;ag;gLk; I write a story. Write what? a story nghUs;) She sings a song. Sings what a song The students met the headmaster. Met whom? The headmaster [email protected] - 167 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Direct Object (DO) & Indirect Object (IO) - nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; ,uz;L Object (O) Object tUk;NghJ xd;W Direct Object kw;nwhd;W Indirect Object MFk;. thf;fpaj;jpd; Verb (V) cld; What-I Nru;j;Jf;Nfl;lhy; tUtJ Direct Object (nra;ag;gLk; Whom-I Nru;j;Jf;Nfl;lhy; tUtJ Indirect Object nghUs;) Ex: She gave me a pen. Gave what? a pen (Direct Object) Gave whom? me (Indirect Object) Our teacher teaches us English grammar. Teaches what? English grammar (DO) Teaches whom? us (IO) Ragu offered the strangers food. Offered what? food (DO) Offered whom? the strangers (IO) Please bring me some water. bring what? some water (DO) bring whom? me (IO) Complement nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpd; nghUis epiwT nra;tjw;F Subject (S) kw;Wk; Verb (C) (V)Ij; njhlu;e;JtUk; thu;;j;ijfNs Complement (C). The word complement comes from the word ‗complete‘. It is used to complete the sentence.
My mother is. This is a SV pattern sentence. But it is not complete one. My mother is a teacher. Here „a teacher‟ comes to complete the sentence. And also „My mother = a teacher‟ So „a teacher‟ is a complement.
Subject Complement (C): am, is, was, are, were, become, look, feel, grow, seem, taste, smell, appear, begin, behave, remain Nghd;wit main verbMf te;jhy; mjidj; (thf;fpaj;ij njhlu;e;J tUk; thu;;j;ijfs; nghJthf Subject–I rw;W tpsf;fpr;nrhy;tjhy; epiwT mtw;iw Subject Complement (C) – vd miof;fyhk;. nghJthf President, Prime nra;tJ) Minister Nghd;w gjtpfs;> doctor, teacher Nghd;w gzpfs; Complement MFk;.
Ex: Chennai is the hottest city. Chennai = the hottest city (complement) My mother became HM My mother = HM (complement=noun) My mother became weak My mother = weak (complement=Adj) Milk tastes sweet Milk = sweet (complement=Adj) The students remained silent The students = silent (complement) My friend is an idiot. My friend = an idiot (complement) (Although the meaning of ‗idiot‘ is not a complement) The wheels on the bus are red in colour. The wheels on the bus = red in colour Object Complement (C): make, name, call, think, elect, find, prove, choose, appoint, consider, keep, prove, struck, paint, declare, approve Nghd;w Main Verb te;J mjidj; njhlu;e;J Object te;jhy; mtw;iwj; njhlu;e;J tUk; thu;;j;ijfs; Object-I rw;W tpsf;fpr; nrhy;tjhy; mtw;iw Object Complement (C) – vd miof;fyhk;. Ex: We called him Hitler. him = Hitler The Principal declared Monday holiday. Monday = holiday You must keep your room neat. your room = neat The CM appointed Suriya the commissioner of Police Suriya = the commissioner… They elected Mr.Narendra Modi our Prime Minister. Modi = our Prime Minister
Fwpg;G: Nju;tpy; Subject Complement, Object Complement vJ te;jhYk; Complement (C) vd;Nw Fwpg;gpl;LtpLq;fs;. Adjunct (A) nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; Verb (V) I Nehf;fp vg;nghOJ? vq;F? vg;gb? Vd;?
(fhyr;nrhy; vt;tsT? vd;w Nfs;tp Nfl;lhy; fpilf;Fk; tpilNa Adjunct (A). RUf;fkhfr; nrhd;dhy; fhuzr;nrhy; xU thf;fpaj;jpy; Subject, Verb, Object, Complement jtpu kw;w thu;j;ijfs; midj;Jk; ,lr;nrhy;) Adjunct (A) MFk;. Preposition–NdhL Nru;e;j thu;j;ijfs; midj;Jk; Adjunct (A) Ex:The students are playing football now. When? now (adjunct) “MPTR” She bought vegetables in the market. Where? in the market Method-How Birds are flying in the sky. Where? in the sky Place- Where He walks fast. How? fast Time-When The meeting began at 10 o‟clock. When? at 10 o‘clock Reason- Why The boy is running across the playground. Where? across the playground [email protected] - 168 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
xU thf;fpaj;jpd; object-y; njhlu;r;rpahf xU egiuf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy;Yk;> xU nghUisf; Fwpf;Fk;; nrhy;Yk; te;jhy; me;j thf;fpak; SVIODO mikg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk;. v.fh. He gave me a pen (egiuf;Fwpf;Fk; nrhy; - me> nghUisf; Fwpf;Fk;; nrhy; - pen) vdNt SVIODO
mNj rkak; thf;fpaj;jpd; object-y; njhlu;r;rpahf xU egiuf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy;Yk;> kPz;Lk; me;j egiuf; Fwpf;Fk;; kw;nwhU nrhy;; te;jhy; me;j thf;fpak; SVOC mikg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk;. v.fh. We made him leader (egiuf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy;- him> egiuf; Fwpf;Fk;; nrhy;-leader) vdNt SVOC
Examples: 1. He / is / a good player. 6. Birds / fly. S + V + C S + V 2. The cat / slept / under the table. 7. My friend / bought / a book. S + V + A S + V + O 3. He / wrote / the examination / in this room. 8. It / is / there. S + V + O + A S +V + C 4. My father / gave / me / some books. 9. Our teacher/teaches / us / grammar / every day. S + V + IO + DO S + V + IO + DO + A 5. They / elected / him / leader. 10. She / looks / pretty / in this dress. S + V + O + C S + V + C + A
Sample Exercises: Pick out the correct sentence pattern. 1. The stars twinkle in the sky at night. a) SVOA b) SVAA c) SVIODO d) SVCA 2. Man hunts animals mercilessly. a) SVOA b) SVAA c) SVIODO d) SVCA 3. The Earth is a ball in the space. a) SVOA b) SVAA c) SVIODO d) SVCA 4. Trees give us fruits year after year. a) SVOA b) SVAA c) SVIODOA d) SVCA 5. Science has made man‘s life comfortable these days. a) SVOCA b) SVAA c) SVIODOA d) SVCAA 6. Due to gravity, the earth could hold everything. a) SVOA b) ASVA c) SVIODO d) ASVO 7. In this lesson, Gaia tells man her tale. a) ASVOA b) ASVAA c) ASVIODO d) ASVCA 8. Now a days, life has become hectic. a) ASVO b) ASVA c) ASVIODO d) ASVC 9. We always work hard. a) SVOA b) SAVA c) SVIODO d) SVCA 10. Arun‘s answer is almost right. a) SVOA b) SVAA c) SVAC d) SVCA 11. The Americans have sent a rocket to Mars. a) SVOA b) SVAA c) SVIODO d) SVCA 12. That day, Priya quickly finished her dinner. a) ASVOA b) ASAVO c) ASVIODO d) ASVCA 13. Plant saplings to commemorate any celebration. a) SVOA b) VOAA c) VIODO d) SVCA
Type 2: Make your own sentence for the given pattern. 14. SVOA 15. ASV 16. SVCA 17. ASVIODO 18. SVOCA 19. SAVC 20. ASVO
Answers: 1. SVAA 2. SVOA 3. SVCA 4. SVIODOA 5. SVOCA 6. ASVO 7. ASVIODO 8. ASVC 9. SAVA 10. SVAC 11. SVOA 12. ASAVO 13. VOAA 14. We played football yesterday. 15. There he is. 16. She is a student of this school. 17. Yesterday she gave me a pen. 18. We elected him as class leader yesterday. 19. Ramu once was an MLA. 20. There, he is playing foot ball.
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Identify the sentence pattern.
He painted the car red. (a) SVO (b) SVIODO (c) SVOC
Answer: SVOC
[email protected] - 169 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success iii) Infinitive & Gerund (Exam: Term 1,2 \ Ref: Term2 book – unit2):
Infinitive: Gerund: Infinitive vd;gJ to + Present form Verb Present form verb cld; ‗ing‘ Nru;e;J Noun-f;F gjpyhf MFk;. (‗to be‘ form) gad;gLj;jg;gl;lhy; mJ Gerund MFk;. Noun tuNtz;ba ,lj;jpy; nghJthf ,j;jifa thu;j;ijfs; ,tw;wpy; VNjDk; xd;whf ,J tUk;. gad;gLj;jg;glyhk; Subject of a verb / the object / the object ,jid subject MfTk; object MfTk; of a preposition. Kf;fpakhf ,jid subject MfTk; object gad;gLj;jyhk;. MfTk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. To walk – elg;gJ> nkhj;jj;jpy; ,J xU verbal noun To eat - cz;ZtJ Walking – elg;gJ> Eating - cz;ZtJ
Fwpg;G: agreed, decided, too te;jhy; Infinitive (to Nru;e;jij) Nju;T nra;f. like, dislike, hates, enjoy, about, on, of, in te;jhy; Gerund (ing Nru;e;jij) Nju;T nra;f.
let, make, see, hear, help, bid, feel, know, watch te;jhy; to NghlhkNyNa Infinitive-Mf vOjyhk;.
Example: 1. I enjoy ………….. stories for children. (writing) 2. I dream about……… a big house. (building) 3. He avoided ….. much time on the computer. (spending) 4. He prevented me from………. the contract. (signing) 5. Maran is too tired ………..the work (to finish) 6. He agreed …….. me a computer. (to buy) 7. I let him …….. the book. (take) 8. The sound made him …… away. (run)
Exercise: Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentence: 1. …… is a good exercise. a) To walk b) Walking c) Walks 2. Tom enjoyed ……. a) walks b) to walk c) walking 3. ……. is believing. a) Seeing b) Saw c) To see 4. Kaushik is fond of …. ice cream. a) eat b) eating c) eats 5. I love ….. a) walking b) to walk c) walk 6. I like ……. model aeroplanes. a) build b) to build c) building 7. Kaushik loves ….. ice cream. a) eat b) eating c) to eat 8. Now, it‘s time …. a) think b) thinking c) to think 9. I regret ….. the first scene. a) missing b) to miss c) missed 10. The class wanted ….. a) paint b) to paint c) painting 11. Grammar is easy …….. a) understanding b) to understand c) understood 12. …….. the remote should not be difficult. a) Repair b) To repair c) Repairing 13. Ram has an interest in …... a) read b) reading c) to read 14. Indira‘s hobby was …. roses. a) growing b) to grow c) grow 15. ……… was Sheeba‘s hobby. a) Singing b) To sing c) Sing 16. Jackson came ….. Jerry. a) help b) helping c) to help 17. My son asked me……..him a pen. a) buying b) buy c) to buy 18. My first duty is ..... my most sincere thanks. a) tender b) to tender c) tendering 19. ……… is a good exercise. a) To swim b) Swim c) Swimming 20. Geetha agreed …………. me a computer. a) buy b) buying c) to buy 21. My mother is fond of …………….. a) cooking b) cook c) to cook 22. I do not like ………………. mangoes. a) eat b) eating c) to eat. 23. Ravi liked ……….. songs. a) singing b) sang c) to sing 24. She decided ………….. a watch. a) buy b) buying c) to buy 25. The society has nothing …… with entertainment. a) doing b) to do c)done
[email protected] - 170 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Answers: 1. Walking 6. to build 11. to understand 16. to help 21. cooking 2. walking 7. to eat 12. Repairing 17. to buy 22. eating 3. Seeing 8. to think 13. reading 18. to tender 23. singing 4. eating 9. missing 14. growing 19. Swimming 24. to buy 5. to walk 10. to paint 15. Singing 20. to buy 25. to do
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: He agreed …….. back my book. (a) give (b) gave (c) to give Answer: to give Term-2 Model Question Exercise: ……. books is a good habit. (a) To read (b) Read (c) Reading (d) Reads Answer: Reading iv) Articles (Exam:Term 1,2) a, an, the MfpaitNa Articles MFk;. The articles are a, an, the. ‗a‘ - xU (‗a‘&‗an‘– Indefinite articles. ‗an‘ - Xu; ‗the‘ - definite article.) ‗the‘ – me;j
tpjpKiwfs;: 1. ‗a‘ & ‗an‘ - before singular, countable nouns (xUik kw;Wk; vz;zf;$ba nghUl;fSf;F Kd;dhy; kl;Lk;) Ex. An apple, a pencil (‗a milk‘ jtW) 2. ‗a‘ & ‗an‘ - for the first time. (Kjy;Kiw) ‗the‘ - for repeated noun. (2>3–k; Kiw) Ex. I saw a man and his son. The man was blind 3. ‗a‘- before consonant sound (nka;nahypf;F Kd;) Ex. A pencil, a one rupee note, a unit(xypf;FwpaPL - /ju:nIt/) (td; Ugp Nehl;> A+dpl;-/ju:nIt/ - nka;nahypfs;jhd;) 4. ‗an‘ - before vowel sound. (capu; xypf;F Kd;) Ex. an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an MLA, an MP (mk;uy;yh> Mu;> vk;vy;V> vk;gp - Mfpait capu; xypapy; njhlq;FfpwJ)
usage exception usage exception
a Japanese an airplane an hour ago a university an eagle an honest man a hangar a European an ice cream an hour a nest a one-way street an orange an MLA a feather a one o‘clock an urn an MP / an X ray a chef
5 ‗the‘ - before a particular, repeated nouns and general group(common noun). (Fwpg;gpl;l my;yJ jpUk;gj;jpUk;g tUk; ngau;fs; kw;Wk; nghJg; ngau;fs;) Ex. The school, the poor, the rich 6. ‗the‘ - for only one of its kind (cyfpy; xd;Nw xd;W) Ex. The sun, the Tajmahal. 7. ‗the‘ - superlative degrees f;F Kd;dhy; Ex. The best player, the tallest boy.
Used before Example a particular or repeated noun I saw a boy. The boy was blind Unique objects the sun, the star, the sky Superlative Degrees the largest, one of the biggest Holy books the Bible, the Bhagavat Gita Famous buildings the Tajmahal, the Red Fort [email protected] - 171 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Oceans the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean Rivers the Ganges, the Vaigai Seas the Arabian sea, the Bay of Bengal Mountains the Himalayas, the Alps Music instruments the Veena, the Guitar
RUf;fkhf epidtpy; nfhs;s: 1. Dash-f;F gpwF Plural Noun te;Js;sjh vd Kjypy; ghu;f;fTk;. mg;gb te;jpUe;jhy; the-itj; Nju;T nra;f. (Ex: the attractive flowers - plural) 2. Dash-f;F gpwF vowel (a,e,i,o,u) sound te;jhy; an-Ij; Nju;T nra;f. 3. Dash-f;F gpwF consonant sound (nka; xyp) te;jhy; a-Ij; Nju;T nra;f. 4. Dash-f;F gpwF superlative (est) te;jhy; the-Ij; Nju;T nra;f. 5. Dash-f;F gpwF plural(s) te;jhy; the-Ij;; Nju;T nra;f. 6. rpwg;ghdtw;iw Fwpg;gpl the-Ij; Nju;T nra;ayhk;.
Exercise: Choose the appropriate article to complete the sentence: 1. He is ……. MLA. a) an b) a c) the 2 The bus came ….. hour late. a) an b) a c) the 3. Siva gave……………..one rupee coin to the blind beggar. a) a b) an c) the 4. She has returned home for ...... moment's rest. a) an b) a c) the. 5. I went to …… airport to catch a flight to Mumbai. a) a b) an c) the 6. Every child jumps with joy at the sight of ….. elephant. a) a b) an c) the 7. I have brought you a collection of ……. award winning books of this year. a) a b) an c) the 8. Jack is ………… one eyed man. a) a b) an c) the 9. This is ……….. book that I wanted to read. a) a b) an c) the 10. …….. educated man is always respected by all. a) a b) an c) the 11. Education is ……… essential thing for life. a) a b) an c) the 12. Ravi Shankar is ………… famous pianist. a) a b) an c) the
1 an 2 an 3 a 4 a 5 the 6 an 7 the 8 a 9 the 10 An 11 an 12 a
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Use a suitable article and fill in the blank. He is ------MLA a) an b) a c) the Answer: an
Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Choose the appropriate article to complete The bus came ------hour late. a) an b) a c) the Answer: an
v) Question tag (Exam: Term 1,2 \ Ref: Term2 book – unit1):
Question tags are used to confirm the statement.
vjpuhspia ehk; nrhy;Yk; fUj;Jf;F Mkhk; nrhy;y itf;Fk; je;jpuNk ,J.
thf;fpaKk; tpdhr;nrhw;nwhlUk; (Question tag) ehk; ngw tpUk;Gk; gjpy; eP nuhk;g ey;ytd;> ,y;iyah? Mkhk;. ehd; nuhk;g ey;ytd;. mtd; gs;spf;F jhkjkhf te;jhd;> ,y;iyah? Mkhk;. jhkjkhfjhd; te;jhd;. mts; tPl;Lg;ghlk; nra;a tpy;iy> mg;gbj;jhNd? Mk;. mts; nra;atpy;iy. uF xOq;fhf gbg;gjpy;iy> gbf;fpwhdh? Mk;. mtd; xOq;fhf gbg;gjpy;iy. eP cz;ikjhd; nrhy;Yfpwha;> ,y;iyah? Mk;. cz;ikjhd; nrhy;fpNwd.; mtd; cz;ik nrhy;ytpy;iy> mg;gbj;jhNd? Mk;. mtd; cz;ik nrhy;y tpy;iy.
[email protected] - 172 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success A) Positive sentences take negative tags thf;fpak; Neu;kiwahf ,Ue;jhy; Question Tag vjpu;kiwahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; Step 1. Find out the helping verb 2. Add ‘not’ to that and short it (n’t). Aux.verb + (n‘t) + Pronoun? 3. Then write the Pronoun (Subject) Jiz tpidr;nrhy;iy Kjypy; vOjp not vOjp (mjid RUf;fp n‘t vd;W vOjpf; nfhz;L) pronoun vOj Ntz;Lk; ehd; - I Ex. You are good are not you? aren’t you? ehq;fs; - we eP ey;ytd;> ,y;iyah? eP / ePq;fs; - you i. He is good, isn't he? mtd; - he ii. They are good, aren't they? mts; - she iii. He has money, hasn't he? mJ - it mtu;fs;/mitfs; - they iv. She is a teacher, isn’t she? v. I am good, aren't I? (am tUk;NghJ kl;Lk; aren't I? gad;gLj;Jf)
thf;fpaj;jpy; xNu xU verb (main verb kl;Lk;) te;jhy; gpd;tUkhW gpupf;f Ntz;Lk; 1) Verb(present form) = do + verb(present form) Ex: go = do + go, play = do + play 2) Verb+s/es/ies = does + verb(present form) Ex: goes = does + go, plays = does + play 3) Verb(past form) = did + verb(present form) Ex: went = did + go, played = did + play
Example: i) They come late, don't they? ii) He goes late, doesn't he? iii) She went late, didn't she?
Special Examples: A special case occurs when the main verb is to be in a simple He's read this book, hasn't he? tense. Here the tag question repeats the main verb, not an He read this book, didn't he? auxiliary: He's reading this book, isn't he? This is a book, isn't it? He reads a lot of books, doesn't he?' If the main verb is to have, either solution is possible: He'll read this book, won't he? He has a book, hasn't he? He should read this book, shouldn't he? He has a book, doesn't he? He can read this book, can't he? - Thanks to Wikipedia
Verbs Tags Verbs Tags Be form Verbs am aren‘t Other Primary verbs is isn‘t Ex: go *don‘t are aren‘t goes *doesn‘t was wasn‘t went *didn‘t were weren‘t play *don‘t plays *doesn‘t Do form verbs played *didn‘t do don‘t does doesn‘t Modal Auxilary verbs did didn‘t will won‘t shall shan‘t Have – Jiz verb-Mf te;jhy; can can‘t have haven‘t would wouldn‘t has hasn‘t should shouldn‘t had hadn‘t could couldn‘t *Have - main verb-Mf te;jhy; need needn‘t have don‘t ought to shouldn‘t has doesn‘t had didn‘t
[email protected] - 173 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
B) Negative sentences take positive tags thf;fpak; vjpu;kiwahf ,Ue;jhy; Question Tag Neu;kiwahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. (mjhtJ not my;yJ n‘t my;yJ notIf; Fwpf;Fk; fPo;fz;l thu;j;ijfs; ,Ue;jhy; Question Tag –y; not ,Uf;ff; $lhJ) Jiz tpidr;nrhy;iy vOjp not I ePf;fp pronoun vOJ. Ex. i) They don't tell lies, do they? mtu;fs; ngha;nrhy;Ytjpy;iy, mg;gbj;jhNd? ii) She didn't get bail, did she? iii) You have no cars, have you? / do you?
no, none, little, few, rarely, hardly, barely, scarcely, neither, never, seldom Mfpait te;jhy; me;j thf;fpak; negative thf;fpak; MFk;. vdNt mtw;iw not cs;s thf;fpakhff; fUjNtz;Lk;. i. She rarely goes to films, does she? ii. I seldom talk with him, do I? iii. Very few boys go to temples, do they? iv. He hardly helps his wife, does he? v. There is little water, is there?
Verbs Tags Verbs Tags Be form Verbs Other Primary verbs am not am do not go / don‘t go do is not / isn‘t is does not go / doesn‘t go does are not / aren‘t are did not go / didn‘t go did was not / wasn‘t was do not play /don‘t play do were not / weren‘t were does not play / doesn‘t play does Do form verbs did not play / didn‘t play did do not / don‘t do Modal Auxiliary Verbs does not / doesn‘t does will not / won‘t will did not / didn‘t did shall not / shan‘t shall Have form verbs can not / can‘t can have not / haven‘t have / do * would not / wouldn‘t would has not / hasn‘t has / does * should not / shouldn‘t should had not / hadn‘t had / did * could not / couldn‘t could need not / needn‘t need
C) Commands and requests Functions Imperative Sentences Tags Suggestions Let us go / Let us move shall we? Simple Requests Come with me / Please , Get me some water will you? Urgent requests Send the mail / Call the police won‘t you? Catch the bus / Pass the message Impatient Remarks Keep quiet / Listen to me / Be attentive can‘t you? Examples: i) Give me some place, will you? ii) Please show me the way, will you? iii) Let‘s start, shall we? iv) Let us go for a film, shall we?
fl;lis thf;fpak; tUk;NghJ will you? my;yJ won‘t you? vOjTk;. Let vd;W njhlq;fpdhy; shall we? vd vOjTk;
vspaKiw: 1. is/was/are/were/have/has/had te;jhy; mNjhL not (n‘t) Nru;e;Js;sij Nju;T nra;f. 2. Nfs;tpapy; not ,Ue;jhy; not ,y;yhj is, was, are……I Nju;T nra;f. 3. Verb-y; s Nru;e;jpUe;jhy; doesn‘t I Nju;T nra;f. 4. Verb-y; ed Nru;e;jpUe;jhy; didn‘t I Nju;T nra;f. 5. Come, go, clean vd fl;lis thf;fpakhf tUk;NghJ will you? Nju;T nra;f. 6. Let us vd;W njhlq;fpdhy; shall we? Nju;T nra;f. [email protected] - 174 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Exercise: Choose the correct question tag for the following statement: 1. He draws a picture, ………? 7. I am not your enemy, …………? a) don‘t he b) doesn‘t he c) isn‘t he a) am I? b) ain‘t I? c) amn‘t I? 2. Children like ice cream, ……………..? 8. Let us go for a picnic, …………….? a) do they? b) don‘t they c) shouldn‘t you a) will you? b) shall we? c) should we? 3. Children don‘t like sitting idle, …………..? 9. Stop crying, ………………? a) do they? b) don‘t they c) shouldn‘t you a) shall I? b) will you? c) do you? 4. We can‘t live without water, …….? 10. The flag has four colours on it ……………? a) can we? b) can‘t we? c) do we? a) has it? b) hasn‘t it? c) do they? 5. You will come in time, ……………? 11. Walk faster, ………………..? a) will you? b) won‘t you? c) shouldn‘t you? a) won‘t you? b) shall you? c) do you? 6. I am your teacher, ………….? 12. We get uninterrupted power supply …….? a) am I? b) amn‘t I? c) aren‘t I? a) getn‘t we? b) didn‘t we? c) don‘t we?
Answers: 1) doesn‟t he 2) don‟t they 3) do they 4) can we 5) won‟t you 6) aren‟t I (ain‟t I) 7) am I 8) shall we 9) will you 10) hasn‟t it 11) won‟t you 12) don‟t we
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Use a suitable question tag. He is intelligent------? Answer: isn‘t he? Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Choose the correct question tag for the statement He draws a picture, ……… (a) don‘t he (b) doesn‘t he? (c) isn‘t he? (d) will he? Answer: doesn‘t he? vi) Tense (Exam: Term 1 \ Ref: Term1book-Unit3): tpidr;nrhy;ypd; fhyk;> nra;tpid> nrag;ghl;L tpid Mfpatw;iwf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L ,e;jg; gapw;rpapid nra;aNtz;Lk;. 1. I ____ a glass of milk every morning. a) drink b) drank c) drinking d)drinks 2. These villagers _____ the folk songs in their pure form a) preserves b) preserving c) have preserved 3. We ____ Delhi last summer. a) visit b) visited c) visits d) visiting 4. These pictures ______by our drawing master. a) draw b) are drawing c) were drawn
Ans:1.drink 2.have preserved 3.visited 4.were drawn Points to learn: IMPORTANT 100 MAIN VERBS LIST Weak Verbs (end with d) Past Present Negative Forms Present Past Form No Tamil Meaning Participle Participle Form (V1) (V2) Present Form Past Form Form (V3) Form 1 Vw;Wf;nfhs; agree/agrees agreed agreed agreeing don‘t/doesn‘t agree didn‘t agree 2 nfhz;lhL celebrate (s) celebrated celebrated celebrating don‘t/doesn‘t celebrate didn‘t celebrate 3 khw;W change (s) changed changed changing don‘t/doesn‘t change didn‘t change 4 Rj;jk; nra; clean (s) cleaned cleaned cleaning don‘t/doesn‘t clean didn‘t clean 5 %L close (s) closed closed closing don‘t/doesn‘t close didn‘t close 6 gaphpL cultivate (s) cultivated cultivated cultivating don't /doesn‘t cultivate didn't cultivate 7 Fzkhf;F cure (s) cured cured curing don't cure /doesn‘t cure didn't cure 8 Nrjg;gLj;J damage (s) damaged damaged damaging don't/doesn‘t damage didn't damage 9 tpthp describe (s) described described describing don't /doesn‘t describe didn't describe 10 nrj;Jg;Ngh die (s) died died dying don't die /doesn‘t die didn't die 11 ePUf;Fs; Fjp dive (s) dived dived diving don't dive/doesn‘t dive didn't dive 12 fy;tp fw;gp educate (s) educated educated educating don't /doesn‘t educate didn't educate 13 Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs; include (s) included included including don't /doesn‘t include didn't include 14 mjpfkhf;F increase (s) increased increased increasing don't /doesn‘t increase didn't increase 15 Cf;fksp inspire (s) inspired inspired inspiring don't /doesn‘t inspire didn't inspire 16 md;G nra; love (s) loved loved loving don‘t love / doesn‘t love didn‘t love 17 efu;j;J move (s) moved moved moving don‘t move/ doesn‘t move didn‘t move 18 jPu;T fhz; solve (s) solved solved solving don‘t solve/ doesn‘t solve didn‘t solve 19 gad;gLj;J use (s) used used using don‘t use / doesn‘t use didn‘t use 20 tPzhf;F waste (s) wasted wasted wasting don‘t waste / doesn‘t waste didn‘t waste [email protected] - 175 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Weak Verbs (end with ed) Past Present Negative Forms Present Past Form No Tamil Meaning Participle Participle Form (V1) (V2) Present Form Past Form Form (V3) Form 21 xj;Jf;nfhs; accept/accepts accepted accepted accepting don‘t accept/doesn‘t accept didn‘t accept 22 xj;Jg; Ngh adjust (s) adjusted adjusted adjusting don‘t adjust/doesn‘t adjust didn‘t adjust 23 mDkjp allow (s) allowed allowed allowing don‘t allow/doesn‘t allow didn‘t allow 24 ifJnra;> epWj;J arrest (s) arrested arrested arresting don‘t arrest/doesn‘t arrest didn‘t arrest 25 jhf;F attack (s) attacked attacked attacking don't attack/doesn‘t attack didn't attack 26 $g;gpL call (s) called called calling don‘t call/doesn‘t call didn‘t call 27 Nrfup collect (s) collected collected collecting don‘t collect/doesn‘t collect didn‘t collect 28 njuptp convey (s) conveyed conveyed conveying don‘t convey/doesn‘t convey didn‘t convey 29 FWf;Nf nry; cross (es) crossed crossed crossing don't cross/doesn‘t cross didn't cross 30 njhe;juT nra; disturb (s) disturbed disturbed disturbing don't /doesn‘t disturb didn't disturb 31 (Ntiyia)Kb end (s) ended ended ending don‘t end/ doesn‘t end didn‘t end 32 ,opTgLj;J insult (s) insulted insulted insulting don't insult/doesn‘t insult didn't insult 33 Fjp> jhz;L jump (s) jumped jumped jumping don't jump/doesn‘t jump didn't jump 34 th;zk; G+R paint (s) painted painted painting don't paint/doesn‘t paint didn't paint 35 tpisahL play (s) played played playing don‘t play / doesn‘t play didn't play 36 njhlq;F start (s) started started starting don‘t start / doesn‘t start didn‘t start 37 tpUk;G want (s) wanted wanted wanting don‘t want/ doesn‘t want didn‘t want 38 jtwtpL drop (s) dropped dropped dropping don't drop/doesn‘t drop didn't drop 39 nghUj;J fit (s) fitted fitted fitting don't fit/doesn‘t fit didn't fit 40 ePf;F> jtph; omit (s) omitted omitted omitting don't omit/doesn‘t omit didn't omit 41 mDkjp permit (s) permitted permitted permitting don't /doesn‘t permit didn't permit 42 jpl;lkpL plan (s) planned planned planning don't plan/doesn‘t plan didn't plan Weak Verbs (end with id) Past Present Negative Forms Present Past Form No Tamil Meaning Participle Participle Form (V1) (V2) Present Form Past Form Form (V3) Form 43 ,L> NghL> gL lay /lays laid laid laying don't lay/doesn‘t lay didn't lay 44 gzk;nrYj;J pay /pays paid paid paying don‘t pay / doesn‘t pay didn‘t pay 45 nrhy; say /says said said saying don‘t say/ doesn‘t say didn‘t say
Weak Verbs (end with ied) Past Present Negative Forms Present Past Form No Tamil Meaning Participle Participle Form (V1) (V2) Present Form Past Form Form (V3) Form 46 J}f;F carry/carries carried carried carrying don‘t carry / doesn‘t carry didn‘t carry 47 njspthf;F clarify (yies) clarified clarified clarifying don‘t clarify/doesn‘t clarify didn‘t clarify 48 tifg;gLj;J classify (yies) classified classified classifying don‘t classify/doesn‘t classify didn‘t classify 49 fj;J> mO cry (yies) cried cried crying don't cry/doesn‘t cry didn't cry 50 ngUikgLj;J dignify (yies) dignified dignified dignifying don't /doesn‘t dignify didn't dignify 51 cyu;j;J dry (yies) dried dried drying don't dry/doesn‘t dry didn't dry 52 kpd;rf;jp msp electrify (yies) electrified electrified electrifying don't /doesn‘t electrify didn't electrify 53 mtrug;gLj;J hurry (yies) hurried hurried hurrying don't hurry/doesn‘t hurry didn't hurry 54 milahsk; fhl;L identify (yies) identified identified identifying don't /doesn‘t identify didn't identify 55 jPtpukhf;F intensify (yies) intensified intensified intensifying don't /doesn‘t intensify didn't intensify 56 jpUkzk; nra; marry (yies) married married marrying don't marry/doesn‘t marry didn't marry 57 ngUf;F multiply (yies) multiplied multiplied multiplying don't/doesn‘t multiply didn't multiply 58 gb study (yies) studied studied studying don‘t study/ doesn‘t study didn‘t study
Weak Verbs Past Present Negative Forms Present Past Form No Tamil Meaning Participle Participle Form (V1) (V2) Present Form Past Form Form (V3) Form 59 fl;L bind/binds bound bound binding don‘t bind/doesn‘t bind didn‘t bind 60 nfhz;L th bring (s) brought brought bringing don‘t bring/doesn‘t bring didn‘t bring 61 thq;F buy (s) bought bought buying don‘t buy/ doesn‘t buy didn‘t buy 62 Njhz;L dig (s) dug dug digging don't dig/doesn‘t dig didn't dig 63 czTnfhL feed (s) fed fed feeding don't feed/doesn‘t feed didn't feed 64 czh; feel (s) felt felt feeling don't feel/doesn‘t feel didn't feel 65 rz;ilapL fight (s) fought fought fighting don't fight/doesn‘t fight didn't fight 66 fz;Lgpb find (s) found found finding don't find/doesn‘t find didn't find [email protected] - 176 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success 67 ngW get (s) got got getting don‘t get / doesn‘t get didn‘t get 68 gpb, it hold (s) held held holding don't hold/doesn‘t hold didn't hold 69 itj;jpL keep (s) kept kept keeping don't keep/doesn‘t keep didn't keep 70 kz;bapL kneel (s) knelt knelt kneeling don't kneel /doesn‘t kneel didn't kneel 71 fw;Wf;nfhs; learn (s) learnt learnt learning don‘t learn / doesn‘t learn didn‘t learn 72 fld; nfhL lend (s) lent lent lending don't lend/doesn‘t lend didn't lend 73 cUthf;F make (s) made made making don‘t make/ doesn‘t make didn‘t make 74 re;jp> $L meet (s) met met meeting don't meet/doesn‘t meet didn't meet 75 tpw;gid nra; sell (s) sold sold selling don‘t sell/ doesn‘t sell didn‘t sell 76 fw;gp teach (es) taught taught teaching don‘t teach/ doesn‘t teach didn‘t teach 77 ntw;wpngW win (s) won won winning don‘t win/ doesn‘t win didn‘t win 78 khW> cUthF become (s) became become becoming don‘t /doesn‘t become didn‘t become 79 th come (s) came come coming don‘t come / doesn‘t come didn‘t come 80 XL run (s) ran run running don‘t run/ doesn‘t run didn‘t run 81 ntl;L cut /cuts cut cut cutting don‘t cut/doesn‘t cut didn‘t cut 82 gpup split (s) split split splitting don‘t split/ doesn‘t split didn‘t split 83 ,b,mb hit (s) hit hit hitting don't hit/doesn‘t hit didn't hit 84 fhag;gLj;J hurt (s) hurt hurt hurting don't hurt/doesn‘t hurt didn't hurt
Strong Verbs Past Present Negative Forms Present Past Form No Tamil Meaning Participle Participle Form (V1) (V2) Present Form Past Form Form (V3) Form 85 vO arise /arises arose arisen arising don‘t arise / doesn‘t arise didn‘t arise 86 glk;tiu draw (s) drew drawn drawing don‘t draw / doesn‘t draw didn‘t draw 87 rhg;gpL eat (s) ate eaten eating don‘t eat / doesn‘t eat didn‘t eat 88 tpO fall (s) fell fallen falling don't fall/doesn‘t fall didn't fall 89 gw fly (yies) flew flown flying don't fly/doesn‘t fly didn't fly 90 kw forget (s) forgot forgotten forgetting don't forget/doesn‘t forget didn't forget 91 ciwar; nra; freeze (s) froze frozen freezing don't freeze/doesn‘t freeze didn't freeze 92 nfhL give (s) gave given giving don't give/doesn‘t give didn't give 93 Ngh go (es) went gone going don't go/doesn‘t go didn't go 94 xspj;Jit hide (s) hid hidden hiding don't hide/doesn‘t hide didn't hide 95 njhpe;J nfhs; know (s) knew known knowing don't know/doesn‘t know didn't know 96 ghu; see (s) saw seen seeing don‘t see / doesn‘t see didn‘t see 97 ghL sing (s) sang sung singing don‘t sing/ doesn‘t sing didn‘t sing 98 NgR speak (s) spoke spoken speaking don‘t speak /doesn‘t speak didn‘t speak 99 vL take (s) took taken taking don‘t take/ doesn‘t take didn‘t take 100 vOJ write (s) wrote written writing don‘t write/ doesn‘t write didn‘t write
TENSE
1. Present Tense 2. Past Tense 3. Future Tense (epfo;fhyk;) (,we;j/fle;j fhyk;) (vjpu;fhyk;)
Fwpg;G: Mq;fpy ,yf;fzj;jpy; Future form of verb ,y;iy. Future tense-I Fwpf;f Modal Auxiliaries –Mf ,Uf;Fk; shall, will –I gad;gLj;JfpNwhk;;.
Each tense has 4 sub divisions (Jizg;gpupTfs;). Present Past Future Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous Present perfect Past perfect Future perfect Present Perfect continuous Past perfect continuous Future perfect continuous
[email protected] - 177 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success gad;gLk; tpidr;nrhy; tbtq;fs;: 1) Simple Present-,y; Present form of verb gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Simple Past-,y; Past form of verb gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Simple Future-,y; shall/will + Present form of verb gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. 2) Present Continuous-,y; am/is/are + Present Participle form of verb (verb+ing) gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Past Continuous-,y; was/were + Present Participle form of verb (verb+ing) gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Future Continuous-,y; shall be/will be + Present Participle form of verb (verb+ing) gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. 3) Perfect tense-,y; have/has / had / shall have/will have + Past Participle form of verb gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. 4) Perfect Continuous tense-,y; have/has / had / shall have/will have + been + Present Participle form of verb (verb+ing) gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
Simple Tenses*
Note:1.‗s‘ should be added to III person singular(for Pr.Tense).* (He, She, It, or Name - ,tw;wpw;F s Nru;f;f Ntz;Lk;) 2. ‗shall‘ for I and We. ‗Will‘ for others (Future) (I-f;Fk; we-f;Fk; kl;Lk; shall kw;wJf;nfy;yhk; will) 3. ,e;j ml;ltizia mg;gbNa kdg;ghlk; nra;Jnfhs;f
xt;nthU Tense–k; vq;nfq;F tUk; vd;gij mwpe;Jnfhs;Nthk;! Simple Present - Examples Key words I play cricket daily. Always (vg;NghJk;), We go to school regularly. often (mbf;fb), rarely(vg;NghjhtJ), usually(tof;fkhf), You sing song rarely. frequently (tof;fkhf), generally (rhjhuzkhf), never He brushes his teeth every morning. (xUNghJk;), some times (rpy Neuq;fspy;), She brushes her teeth every week. occasionally(vg;NghjhtJ), everyday(jpdKk;), once a week It never takes bath. (thuk; xUehs;) They like mangoes. The earth goes round the Sun. We go to Chennai next Friday. She has a sleek computer. Usage: 1. For habitual actions. 2. For Universal truth. 3. Programs already fixed. 4. For possessions tof;fkhd eilKiwfs; / Nkw;$wg;gl;l keywords te;jhy; Simple Present tense -y; vOj Ntz;Lk;
Simple Past - Examples Key words I woke up this morning at 7.00 a.m We went Madurai last week. last week You played the match last month. (nrd;wthuk;), last month He ran a race last Sunday. (nrd;wkhjk;), yesterday She cooked fried rice yesterday. (New;W) They sang a song last annual day. If you worked hard, you would get good marks. He said that he was tired. Usage: 1. For past action 2. For conditional clauseII 3. For reported speech. Kbe;JNghd epfo;Tfs; / Nkw;$wg;gl;l keywords te;jhy; Simple Past tense -y; vOj Ntz;Lk;
[email protected] - 178 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Simple Future – Examples Key words I shall do my home work in future. Tomorrow (ehis), next week You will bring that book tomorrow. (mLj;jthuk;), He will come to my house soon. in future She will go to school early in future (tUq;fhyj;jpy;), It will laugh the next week Sunday. Soon (tpiutpy;), shortly (kpftpiutpy;) They will beat you shortly. We shall crash the course next year. The meeting will begin at 5.00 p.m. Usage: 1. For future events with certainty. ,dp elf;f ,Uf;Fk; epfo;Tfs; / Nkw;$wg;gl;l keywords te;jhy; Simple Future tense -y; vOj Ntz;Lk;
Continuous Tenses * (njhlu;e;J eilngWk; nray;fs;)
Fwpg;G: Continuous Tense-f;F rupahd be form verb vOjptpl;L gpwF verb–cld; ing Nru;j;njOj Ntz;Lk;. Be verbs: am/is/are (present), was/were (past), shall be/will be (Future) present continuous-y; singular-f;F is (I-f;F kl;Lk; am) Plural-f;F are (we, you, they -f;F) Past Continuous-y; singular-f;F was (I, he, she, it -f;F) Plural-f;F were (we, you, they -f;F) Future Continuous-y; I-f;Fk; we-f;Fk; kl;Lk; shall be kw;wJf;nfy;yhk; will be. xt;nthU Tense–k; vq;nfq;F tUk; vd;gij mwpe;Jnfhs;Nthk;! Present Continuous- Examples Key words I am reading English now. We are studying in VHSS at present now (,g;NghJ), at present jw;NghJ), You are reading a novel now. at the moment (,NjNeuk;), He is browsing the web now. while (nghOJ) I go there while she is sleeping It is jumping here and there now. He is writing novels in Kumudam. We are going for a picnic tomorrow Usage: 1. For actions in progress now. 2. With ‗always‘ to express anger or irritation. 3. For the periodically repeated actions. 4. For an action in the near future. jw;NghJ eilngw;Wf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; nray;fis ,e;j tense–y; vOjNtz;Lk;
Past Continuous – Examples Key words I was playing yesterday this time. yesterday this time (New;W ,Nj Neuk;), We were studying then. then(mg;NghJ), when(nghOJ). You were working hard that time. while(nghOJ) He was fighting when the teacher came in. While she was singing, I entered. When bell rang, the teacher was speaking to HM. We were studying 9th std last year this time Usage: 1. For action in progress in the past. 2. For the action which started before a past action. Kd;dhy; xU fhyj;jpy; eilngw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;j nray;fis ,e;j tense–y; vOjNtz;Lk;
[email protected] - 179 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Future Continuous – Examples Key words We shall be studying 11th std next year by this time. tomorrow this time (ehis ,Nj Neuk;)> next He will be playing tomorrow this time month this time (mLj;j khjk; ,Nj Neuk;) She will be cooking in her house tomorrow by this time. next year this time (mLj;jMz;L ,Nj Neuk;) They will be reading novel next Sunday this time. Usage: 1. For action which will be going on some time in future. ,dp; xU fhyj;jpy; eilngw;Wf;nfhz;bUf;fg; NghFk; nray;fis ,e;j tense–y; vOjNtz;Lk;
Perfect Tenses* (ele;J ,Uf;Fk; nray;fs;)
Fwpg;G: Perfect tense-y; vOj have form verb–fis gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. (present–f;F have/has: Past–f;F had: Future–f;F shall have / will have) Present Perfect tense—y; third person singular(he,she,it)–f;F kl;Lk; has Nghl Ntz;Lk;. Verb vOJk; NghJ past participle form-I gad; gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
Present Perfect – Examples Key words I have just finished my home work. already(Vw;fdNt), just (clNd), I think I have seen you before. just now (,g;NghJjhd;), You have made the same request earlier. yet (,d;Dk;,y;iy), never (xUNghJk;), ever The children have not returned from the school yet. (vg;NghjhtJ), lately(rkPgkhf), I have read this book already. before(Kd;dhy), earlier(Kd;dNu), I have never visited a foreign country. till now (,g;NghJtiu), recently(rkPgj;jpy;), Have you ever seen a cinema shooting? We haven‘t heard of the doctor‘s visit till now. Our train has just arrived. He has never seen a tiger. She recently has gone to Delhi. It has just finished the chick. I have read all the poems of Barathi Usage: 1. For actions completed just now. 2. For actions that occurs sometime ago but the effects are still going on. 3. Used with the above key words. ele;jpUf;Fk; my;yJ ,g;NghJjhd; ele;J Kbe;j> tpisTfs; ,d;Dk; njhluf;$ba nray;fis ,e;j tense–y; vOjNtz;Lk;
Present perfect tense tells you the result/effect of the past action. The action is over perfect/complete. But the result of the action is still present. So we express such results using Present Perfect tense. e.g Who has switched off the fan? (gives importance for result/effect) (kpd;tprpwpia epWj;jpajd; tpistpid ,d;Dk; mDgtpf;fpNwhk;) Who switched off the fan? (gives importance for the person)
The train has left at 7.30 p.m (jtW) The Train left at 7.30 p.m (rup) The train has left (rup) Neuj;ij Fwpg;gpl;L nrhy;Yk; NghJ rhjhuz Past tense–y; Fwpg;gpLtNj rupahdJ.
[email protected] - 180 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Book Exercise: Complete the dialogue using the present perfect tense: Teacher: What have you done (do)? Haven‟t you drawn (draw) anything? Boy : Sir, I have drawn (draw)the picture of a cow grazing. Teacher: Don‘t try to fool me! Where is the grass? Boy : The cow has eaten (eat) all the grass. Teacher: OK! Where is the cow then? Boy : As it has eaten (eat) all the grass, it has gone (go) home sir!
Past Perfect – Examples Key words Before Leela returned home, the parrot had flown away. (yPyh tPL jpUk;Gtjw;F Kd;dNu fpsp gwe;J nrd;Wtpl;bUe;jJ) Till(,d;Dk;), After the parrot had flown away, Leela returned home. before(Kd;djhf), When Leela returned home, the parrot had already flown away. after(gpwF)> When I reached the station, the train had left. since(fhuzj;jhy;), I wish I had worked hard. already(Vw;fdNt), We had already taken our breakfast. when (nghOJ) When they went to the theatre, the tickets had all been sold. Usage: 1. For the action earlier of two actions. 2.For unfulfilled wish relating to the past. 3. Used with words like till, before, since, already. ele;J ,Ue;j my;yJ Kd;du; ele;J Kbe;j nraypd; jhf;fk;/tpisT xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyk; tiu njhlu;e;jpUe;j nray;fis ,e;j tense–y; vOjNtz;Lk;. (nray; Kd;dNu Kbe;J tpl;lJ. Mdhy; mjd; jhf;fk; Kd;du; xU fhyk; tiu njhlu;e;J ,Ue;jJ.)
While the present perfect relates the present effect of a past action, the past perfect relates the presence of the effect of a past action at another past point of time. ele;J Kbe;j ,uz;L nray;fisf; Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ Kjypy; ele;jij past perfect–Yk; ,uz;lhtjhf ele;jij simple past–Yk; Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;
Ex. When we reached the station, the train had left. The bell had rung before we entered the class.
Exercise: Change the following using the past perfect tense: 1. Only after reaching the railway station, I realised that I did not bring the ticket. 2. The accused was in jail for five years before he had been released. 3. The monkeys ate all the bananas in the tree and so there were no bananas left for us.
Answers: 1. When I reached the railway station I realised that I had not brought the ticket. 2. The accused had been in jail for five years when he was released. 3. As the monkeys had eaten all the bananas in the tree there were no bananas left for us.
Future Perfect – Examples Key words By the end of march, we will have learnt all the lessons in our books. It is already late. By the time we reach the stadium, the match will have started. By next month (mLj;j We shall have completed our practicals by January. khjj;jpy;), by next year By next month, she will have learnt Hindi. (mLj;j Mz;by;), by this I shall have completed my work, by this time tomorrow. week end (mLj;j thuf; They will have invited him to the party. filrpapy;) Usage: Actions that will be done in a short span of time ele;J ,Uf;fg;NghFk; my;yJ gpwF xU Neuj;jpy; ele;J Kbag;NghFk; nray;fis ,e;j tense–y; vOjNtz;Lk;
[email protected] - 181 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Perfect Continuous Tenses:
Fwpg;G: Perfect Continuous tense-y; vOj have/has/had been verb+ing vd;w mikg;gpy; vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Present Perfect Continuous: Since when has the child been suffering from colour blindness? How long has the child been suffering from colour blindness? He has been suffering from colour blindness since his birth. mtd; gpwg;gpypUe;Nj epwf;FUlhy; rpukg;gl;Lf; nfhz;L tUfpwhd; We have been using computers in our school since 2008. We have been living in this house for ten years. Kannan has been working on his PC since last night. I have been writing this essay since this morning. I have been writing this essay for two hours. He has been living here since 1980 Usage: Action that started in the past and extended in the present. Key Words: since, ever since, for (Use ‗since‘ to a past point of time. Use ‗ever since‘ to a past incident. Use ‗for‘ for the total period of time.
Past Perfect Continuous: I had been waiting for a long time before my bus came. People had been travelling on foot and by bullock carts for hundreds of years before other kinds of transport arrived. The building had been standing here for more than sixty years before it was demolished. Usage: Action that started in the past and extended to a particular past action(time). Key Words: since, ever since, for (Use ‗since‘ to a past point of time. Use ‗ever since‘ to a past incident. Use ‗for‘ for the total period of time.
Exercises: 1. Raju …….. …… …… (watch) TV for an hour before the power …… (go) off. 2. The police …… …… …… (try) to catch the thief several times when he …… …… (catch) finally last week. Answer: 1. had been watching, went 2. had been trying, was caught
Join the pairs of sentences using suitable time conjunctions (when/after/ before) and write single past perfect continuous sentences. 1. a) The ONGC men were drilling for several months. b) Finally they struck oil. 2. a) The British were ruling us for more than a hundred years. b) Then we got freedom. 3. a) Mr. Abdul Kalam was working as a space scientist for several years. b) Then he was elected as the President of India. 4. a) The Negroes in America were suffering as slaves for many decades. b) They were made free during Abraham Lincoln‘s presidency.
[email protected] - 182 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Answers: 1. The ONGC men struck oil after they had been drilling for several months. 2. The British had been ruling us for more than a hundred years before we got freedom. 3. Mr. Abdul Kalam had been working as a space scientist for several years before he was elected as the President of India. 4. The Negroes in America had been suffering as slaves for many decades when they were made free during Abraham Lincoln‟s presidency. cq;;fs; epidtpw;F: TENSE Pattern Simple Present V1 / V1+s / V1+es Simple Past V2 Simple Future shall / will + V1
Present Continuous am / is / are + V +ing Past Contiuous was / were + V +ing Rules for doing Exercise: Future Continuous shall/will + be +V +ing 1. Look for the key words and identify the tense Present Perfect have / has + V3 Past Perfect had + V 2. Find out the meaning and 3 find out the tense. Future Perfect shall/will+have + V3 3. According to the tense, Present Perfect Continuous have/has + been + V +ing choose the verb Past Perfect Continuous had + been + V +ing Future Perfect Continuous shall/will + have +been + V +ing
Exercises for all tenses: 1. Ramu …….. (play) foot ball regularly. Answers: 2. Ravi ……. (play) cricket yesterday. 1. plays 2. played 3. is watching 3. Now, he …… (watch) TV. 4. will study 5. was cutting 6. will be studying 4. Prema ……. (study) hard from tomorrow. 7. has switched 8. left 9. has, arrived 5. A wood cutter …… (cut) wood, when I saw him. 10. have seen 11. have made 12. have, returned 6. We ….. (study) 10th std next year by this time. 13. have read 14. has been suffering 15. had flown 7. Who ……. (switch) off the fan? 16. had, brought 17. had been 18. have, visited 8. The train …. (leave) at 7.30 pm. 19. Have, seen 20. haven‟t heard 21. had eaten 9. Our train ….. just …… (arrive). 22. had been waiting 23. had been watching 10. I think I …… (see) you before. 24. had been trying 25. had been traveling 11. You ….. (make) the same request earlier. 26. had been standing 27. had been ruling 12. The children …. not ….. (return) from school yet. 28. had been drilling 29. will have learnt 13. I ……. (read) this book already. 30. will have started 14. He … (suffer) from colour blindness for nearly 6 years. 15. Before Leela returned home, the parrot …. (fly) away. 16. When I reached the railway station I realized that I …. not ….. (bring) the ticket. 17. The accused ….. (be) in jail for five years when he was released 18. I … never ….. (visited) a foreign country. 19. …. you ever ….. (see) a cinema shooting? 20. We …….. (not hear) of the doctor‘s visit till now. 21. As the monkeys …… (eat) all the bananas in the tree there were no bananas left for us. 22. I had been waiting for a long time before my bus came. 23. Raju …….. …… …… (watch) TV for an hour before the power went off. 24. The police …… …… …… (try) to catch the thief several times when he was caught finally last week. 25. People …… (travel) on foot and by bullock carts for hundreds of years before other kinds of transport arrived. 26. The building ……. (stand) here for more than sixty years before it was demolished. 27. The British …… (rule) us for more than a hundred years before we got freedom. 28. The ONGC men struck oil after they ……. (drill) for several months. 29. By the end of March, we …….. (learn) all the lessons in our books. 30. It is already late. By the time we reach the stadium, the match ………. (start).
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: He ….. (finish) his work. (use suitable tense) Answer: has finished [email protected] - 183 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
vii) Active to Passive voice (Exam: Term 2 \ Ref: Term2 book – unit1): Active voice - nra;tpid (mtd; ,jidr; nra;jhd; - ahu;? vd;w tpdhtpd; tpil) Passive voice - nrag;ghl;Ltpid (,J mtdhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ – vJ? vd;d? vd;w tpdhtpd; tpil)
Example1: Rama killed Ravana ,uhkd; nfhd;whd; ,uhtzid. Ravana was killed by Rama. ,uhtzd; nfhy;yg;gl;lhd; ,uhkdhy;.
Example2: I am writing a letter. ehd; vOjpf;nfhz;bUf;fpNwd; xU fbjk;. A letter is being written by me. xU fbjk; vOjg;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;dhy;.
Example3: We had written the exam. ehq;fs; vOjpapUf;fpNwhk; Nju;it. The exam had been written by us. Nju;T vOjg;gl;lJ vq;fshy;.
Active Voice to Passive Voice: (nrag;ghl;Ltpidahf khw;Wk; Kiw)
Ravi Plays football
Subject + Verb + Object
Object Be form Verb + V3 by Subject
Football is played by Ravi
Step 1 : Find out the Object and write it first. (nrag;gLnghUisf; fz;Lgpbj;J mij Kjypy; vOJf) Object MdJ pronoun Mf ,Ue;jhy; Table-1 I gad;gLj;jp khw;wpf;nfhs;sTk;. Step 2 : Change the verb into passive form. (tpidr;nrhy;iy nrag;ghl;L tpidr;nrhy;yhf khw;W) nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpak; Simple Tense Mf ,Ue;jhy; Subject-f;F nghUj;jkhd be verb vOjp V3 verb NghLf. nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpak; Continuous Tense Mf ,Ue;jhy; be verb ,Uf;Fk;. mjid Gjpa Subject-f;F Vw;wthW khw;wp mjw;fLj;J being vOjp gpwF V3 verb NghLf. nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpak; Perfect Tense Mf ,Ue;jhy; have verb ,Uf;Fk;. mjid Gjpa Subject-f;F Vw;wthW khw;wp mjw;fLj;J been kl;Lk; Nru;f;f. V3 verb Vw;fdNt ,Uf;Fk;. Step 3 : Add ‗by‘ after the verb (‗by‘ Nru;) Step 4 : Write the Subject. (nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpd; vOthia vOJf) Subject MdJ pronoun Mf ,Ue;jhy; Table-2 I gad;gLj;jp khw;wpf;nfhs;sTk;. Step 5 : Write the remaining part of the sentence (thf;fpaj;jpy; kPjKs;s gFjpia vOJf)
Important Note: The main verb in the passive voice is always V3 whatever be in the active voice.
Active voice: Swetha sang a song yesterday
Passive voice: A song was sung by swetha yesterday step-1 step-2 step-3 step-4 step-5
[email protected] - 184 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Step-1 Kjypy; Object-I Njl Ntz;Lk;. a song vd;gJ object Mjyhy; mjid Kjypy; vOj Ntz;Lk;. Step-2 mLj;J verb-I passive form-f;F khw;w Ntz;Lk;. sang vd;gJ past tense Mjyhy; mjw;Fupa be verb was/were. ,q;F a song vd;gJ singular Mjyhy; was gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mjd;gpwF sang vd;gjd; PP my;yJ V3 fhz verb list-I ghu;f;fTk; sing-sang-sung vd;gjhy; mjpy; cs;s V3 form-Md sung-I vOj Ntz;Lk;. Step-3 mLj;J by Nghl Ntz;Lk;. Step-4 nfhLj;Js;s thf;fpaj;jpd; subject-I ,g;NghJ vOj Ntz;Lk;. Step-5 kPjKs;s gFjpia vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Active voice –Passive voice khw;Wtjw;F Njitahd rpy tpraq;fs;:
Table-1 for Step-1 Table-2 for Step-4 Object-MdJ Pronoun-Mf ,Ue;J mjid Subject Subject-MdJ Pronoun-Mf ,Ue;J mjid by f;F Mf khw;w ,tw;iw gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs; gpwF vOj ,tw;iw gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs; me I I by me us We We by us you You You by you him He He by him her She She by her it It It by it them They They by them
Table-3 for Step-2 (Be Form verb list)
Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense I am I was I shall be Present – singular - is (I-f;F kl;Lk; am) We are We were We shall be Plural - are
You are You were You will be Past - singular - was He is He was He will be Plural - were She is She was She will be It is It was It will be Future – Shall be (for I & We) They are They were They will be will be (for others)
Table-4 for Step-2 Verb-I PP-Mf mjhtJ V3–Mf khw;Wtjw;fhd ml;ltiz: Weak Verbs V1 (Present) V2 (Past) V3 (PP) V1 (Present) V2 (Past) V3 (PP) V1 (Present) V2 (Past) V3 (PP) love loved loved ask asked asked pay paid paid move moved moved end ended ended say said said solve solved solved play played played try tried tried use used used start started started carry carried carried waste wasted wasted want wanted wanted study studied studied
Strong Verbs V1 (Present) V2 (Past) V3 (PP) V1 (Present) V2 (Past) V3 (PP) V1 (Present) V2 (Past) V3 (PP) buy bought bought sell sold sold go went gone bring brought brought win won won speak spoke spoken get got got come came come see saw seen learn learnt learnt run ran run sing sang sung make made made draw drew drawn take took taken teach taught taught eat ate eaten write wrote written
Neutral Verbs V1 (Present) V2 (Past) V3 (PP) V1 (Present) V2 (Past) V3 (PP) V1 (Present) V2 (Past) V3 (PP) cut cut cut put put put split split split shut shut shut hit hit hit hurt hurt hurt
[email protected] - 185 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Table-5 for Step-2 Active and Passive verb form-d; mikg;G ,g;gbj;jhd; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;: TENSE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE Simple Present V1 / V1+s / V1+es am / is / are + V3 Simple Past V2 was / were + V3 Simple Future shall / will + V shall/will+ be + V3
Present Continuous am / is / are + V +ing am / is / are + being +V3 Past Continuous was / were + V +ing was / were + being +V3 Future Continuous shall/will + be +V +ing NO PASSIVE
Present Perfect have / has + V3 have / has + been + V3 Past Perfect had + V3 had + been + V3 Future Perfect shall/will+have + V3 shall/will +have + been + V3
Present Perfect Continuous have/has + been + V +ing NO PASSIVE Past Perfect Continuous had + been + V +ing NO PASSIVE Future Perfect Continuous shall/will + have +been + V +ing NO PASSIVE (V1 – Present form of the verb, V2 - Past form of the verb, V3 – Past Participle form of the verb)
Nju;tpy; Nkw;fz;l ve;j Tense-Yk; tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;glyhk;. ,uz;L thf;fpaq;fs; ,izf;fg;gl;Lk; Nfl;fg;glyhk;. fbdg;gapw;rpfSf;F nry;Yk; Kd; Rygkhd gapw;rpfis nra;J ghu;g;gJ ey;yJ vd;w mbg;gilapy; ,e;j jiyg;Gf;Fupa gFjpfis Level-1, Level-2 …. vd 12 gbepiyfshf gpupj;J toq;fpAs;Nshk;. xt;nthU gbepiyahf gbj;J gapw;rp nra;tJ ey;yJ.
Level-1: (Active to Passive - Simple Tenses)
Question 1: She watches a movie. Verb Change S V O Present - is / are + PP Simple Step 1: A movie (Find and write object first) Past - was / were +PP Tenses Step 2: A movie is watched (Verb change) Future - will be +PP Step 3: A movie is watched by (Adding ‗by‘) Step 4: A movie is watched by her. (Pronoun changed subject) fPNo cs;s ml;ltizia Step 5: A movie is watched by her. (no remaining. So no change) tha;g;ghL Nghy gbj;Jf;nfhs;f Answer 1: A movie is watched by her.
Question 2: They beat him last night. S V O Step 1: Him He Step 2: He was beaten Step 3: He was beaten by Step 4: He was beaten by they them Step 5: He was beaten by them last night. Answer 2: He was beaten by them last night.
Question 3: He will buy a car. S V O Step 1: A car Step 2: A car will be bought Step 3: A car will be bought by Step 4: A car will be bought by He him Step 5: A car will be bought by him. Answer 3: A car will be bought by him. *will f;F gjpyhf should, would te;jhYk; ,Nj Kiwia gpd;gw;Wf
[email protected] - 186 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Level-1 Exercises: 1. They must arrest the culprits. 1. The culprits must be arrested by them. 2. The florist delivers flowers to my office everyday. 2. Flowers are delivered by the florist to my office everyday. 3. Machines crush wood into small pieces. 3. Wood is crushed by machines into small pieces. 4. We use many methods to teach a concept. 4. Many methods are used by us to teach a concept. 5. They displayed the furniture neatly. 5. The furniture was displayed by them neatly.
Level-2: (Active to Passive - Continuous Tenses) Verb Change Question 1: I am drawing a picture. Continuous am/is/are/ S V O Tenses was/were + being +PP Step 1: A picture Step 2: A picture am is being draing drawn Step 3: A picture is being drawn by Step 4: A picture is being drawn by I me. Step 5: A picture is being drawn by me. Answer 1: A picture is being drawn by me.
Question 2: The teacher was correcting answer papers. S V O Step 1: Answer papers Step 2: Answer papers was were being correcting corrected Step 3: Answer papers were being corrected by Step 4: Answer papers were being corrected by the teacher. Step 5: Answer papers were being corrected by the teacher. Answer 2: Answer papers were being corrected by the teacher. *There is no passive form for Future Countinuous Tense.
Level-2 Exercises: 1. We are buying vegetables. 1. Vegetables are being bought by us. 2. The elephant is lifting the logs. 2. The logs are being lifted by the elephant. 3. She is writing a letter to her friend. 3. A letter is being written by her to her friend. 4. The child was tearing the papers. 4. The papers were being torn by the child. 5. The women are swabbing the hall. 5. The hall is being swabbed by the women.
Level-3: (Active to Passive - Perfect Tenses) Verb Change Question 1: Santhi has completed her work. Perfect Tenses have/has/had + been +PP
S V O Step 1: Her Santhi‟s work Step 2: Santhi‘s work has been completed Step 3: Santhi‘s work has been completed by Step 4: Santhi‘s work has been completed by Shanthi her Step 5: Santhi‘s work has been completed by her. Answer 1: Santhi‟s work has been completed by her.
Question 2: We had made a mistake. S V O Step 1: A mistske Step 2: A mistske had been made Step 3: A mistske had been made by Step 4: A mistske had been made by we us. Step 5: A mistske had been made by us. Answer 2: A mistske had been made by us.
[email protected] - 187 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Question 3: They will have built this building by next May. S V O Step 1: This building Step 2: This building will have been built Step 3: This building will have been built by Step 4: This building will have been built by they them Step 5: This building will have been built by them by next May. Answer 3: This building will have been built by them by next May.
Level-3 Exercises: 1. They have warned the boys. 1. The boys have been warned by them. 2. She had remembered the news. 2. The news had been remembered by her. 3. Madhu will have refined the process. 3. The process will have been refined by Madhu. 4. Jenelia has done her exam well. 4. Jenelia‟s exam has been done by her well. 5. The CBI will have solved the problem. 5. The problem will have been solved by the CBI.
Level-4: Exercise (Active to Passive - Mixed Tenses)
Simple present 1. Rani eats a mango. A mango is eaten by Rani. Simple past 2. Ravi played cricket. Cricket was played by Ravi. Simple future 3. Ram will drink coffee. Coffee will be drunk by Ram. Present continuous 4. Rani is eating a mango. A mango is being eaten by Rani. Past Continuous 5. Ravi was playing cricket. Cricket was being played by Ravi. *Future Continuous 6. Ram will be drinking coffee. ---no passive--- Present Perfect 7. Rani has eaten a mango. A mango has been eaten by Rani. Past Perfect 8. Ravi had played cricket. Cricket had been played by Ravi. Future Perfect 9. Ravi will have played cricket. Cricket will have been played by Ravi. **Future continuous & all Perfect continuous Tenses-f;F Passive form fpilahJ
Level-5: (Active to Passive - Imperatives)
Active Voice Passive Voice (V1 + Object) (Let + Obj + be + V3) Open the door. Let the door be opened. Shut the door. Let the door be shut. Say the prayers. Let the prayers be said. Fwpg;G: Speak the truth. Let the truth be spoken. 1) thf;fpak; verb-y; njhlq;fpdhy; Let- Select the flowers. Let the flowers be selected. vdj;njhlq;Ff. Give me water. Let me be given water./ Let water be given me. 2) Don‟t vdj;njhlq;fpdhy; Do this at once. Let this be done at once. Let…not vdj;njhlq;Ff Don't do this. Let this not be done. Don't insult the poor. Let not the poor be insulted. Don‘t open the door. Let not the door be opened. Please open the door. Please , let the door be opened. I request you You are requested. Never tell a lie. Never let a lie be told. May God bless you. May you be blessed by God.
Note: 1) For pronouns: Let him/her/it not…… 2) For Nouns: Let not the poor/the door …..
Question 1: ______Clean this room. Changes S V O Let+Noun+be+PP Step 1: Let (Put ‗let‘ first) Imperative Step 2: Let this room (put the Object next) Sentences Let+pronoun+not+be+PP Step 3: Let this room be (add ‗be‘) Let+not+Noun+be+PP Step 4: Let this room be cleaned. (put PP verb) Answer 1: Let this room be cleaned. [email protected] - 188 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Question 2: Don‘t pluck the flowers. Let not + noun type Verb Noun Step 1: Let not (Put ‗let not‘ first. Don‘t Let not) Step 2: Let not the flowers (put the Noun next) Step 3: Let not the flowers be (add ‗be‘) Step 4: Let not the flowers be plucked. (put PP verb) Answer 2: Let not the flowers be plucked.
Question 3: Don‘t disturb him while sleeping Let + pronoun + not type Verb Pronoun Step 1: Let (Put ‗let‘ first) Step 2: Let him not (put the pronoun and then add ‗not‘) Step 3: Let him not be (add ‗be‘) Step 4: Let him not be disturbed (put PP verb) Step 5: Let him not be disturbed while sleeping (write the remaining) Answer 3: Let him not be disturbed while sleeping.
Question 3: Please lend your bike. V O Step 1: Please, let (Put ‗please, let‘ first) Step 2: Please, let your bike (put the Object next) Step 3: Please, let your bike be (add ‗be‘) Step 4: Please, let your bike be lent. (put PP verb) Answer 3: Please, let your bike be lent.
Level-5 Exercises: 1. Please help me. 1. Please let me be helped by you. 2. Do it at once. 2. Let it be done at once. 3. Carry it home. 3. Let it be carried to home. 4. Don‘t beat the dog. 4. Let not the dog be beaten. 5. Let me do it. 5. Let it be done. (or) Let me be allowed to do it. 6. Don‘t touch it. 6. Let it not be touched. (or) You are warned not to touch it.
Level-6: (Active to Passive - Dual Objects & Interrogatives)
,uz;L Object-fs; tUk;NghJ nghJthf direct Object-I njhlf;fj;jpy; gad;gLj;jp Passive voice Mf khw;Wf. 1. I gave him a pen. Ans: A pen was given by me to him. He was given a pen by me. (,JTk; rupNa) 2. My uncle gave me a book. Ans: A book was given to me by my uncle I was given a book by my uncle. (,JTk; rupNa) Active to Passive in Interrogative Sentences:
1. Who broke the windowpanes? Ans: By whom were the windowpanes broken? 2. Were they constructing the dam? Ans: Was the dam being constructed by them?
3. Which mobile phone do you want? Ans: Which mobile phone is wanted by you?
Level-6 Exercises: 1. My father sent me a book 1. A book was sent to me by my father . / I was sent a book by my father. 2. We presented a gift to Ramya 2. A gift was presented to Ramya by us. / Ramya was presented a gift by us. 3. Which language did you speak? 3. Which language was spoken by you? 4. What did you do? 4. What was done by you? 5. Do you complete the work? 5. Is the work completed by you?
Special Note: In some passive sentences, instead of ‗by‘ …… ‗in / to‘ is used. Examples: Music interests me. I am interested in music. All people know him. He is known to all people.
[email protected] - 189 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success nky;yf; fw;NghUf;fhd vspa Kiw: 1) Subject - Object ,lk; khw;Wf 2) Jiz tpidr;nrhy; ,y;iynadpy; is/are/was/were-y; xd;iw NghlNtz;Lk;. 3) Main verb-I PP Mf khw;wp mjw;Fg; gpwF by NghLf. 4) Nfs;tpapy; have/has/had te;jhy; mjw;fLj;J been Nru;f;f. 5) Nfs;tpapy; is/am/are/was/were te;jhy; mjw;fLj;J being Nru;f;f. 6) Nfs;tpapy; shall/will te;jhy; mjw;fLj;J be Nru;f;f.
Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Rewrite the given sentence using passive voice: The Chief Guest congratulated the winners. Answer: The winners were congratulated by the Chief Guest. viii) Passive to Active voice(Exam: Term 2 \ Ref: Term2 book – unit1):
Vw;fdNt ehk; Active to Passive-y; nra;jij mg;gbNa jiyfPohf nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Step 1 : Find out the Object and write it first. (nrag;gLnghUisf; fz;Lgpbj;J mij Kjypy; vOJf) Object MdJ pronoun Mf ,Ue;jhy; Table-1 I gad;gLj;jp khw;wpf;nfhs;sTk;. Step 2 : Change the verb into active form. (tpidr;nrhy;iy nra;tpidr; nrhy;yhf khw;W) nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; be verb ,Ue;jhy; mij ePf;fp tpl;L V3 Mf ,Uf;Fk; main verb -I V1 my;yJ V2 Mf khw;Wf. (be verb MdJ is / are Mf ,Ue;jhy; verb-I V1 MfTk; be verb MdJ was / were Mf ,Ue;jhy; verb-I V2 MfTk; khw;Wf) nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; being ,Ue;jhy; mij vLj;Jtpl;L mjw;F mLj;J tUk; V3 verb-I V1 Mf khw;wp mj;Jld; ing Nru;f;f Ntz;Lk;. (nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s be verb-I Subject-f;F Vw;wthW Njitg;gbd; khw;wpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;) nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; been ,Ue;jhy; mij ePf;fptpl;L mg;gbNa vOj Ntz;Lk;. (nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s have verb-I Subject-f;F Vw;wthW Njitg;gbd; khw;wpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;) Step 3 : Remove ‗by‘ (‗by‘ vLj;JtpLf) Step 4 : Write the Subject. (nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpd; vOthia vOJf) Subject MdJ pronoun Mf ,Ue;jhy; Table-2 I gad;gLj;jp khw;wpf;nfhs;sTk;. Step 5 : Write the remaining part of the sentence (thf;fpaj;jpy; kPjKs;s gFjpia vOJf)
Table-1 for Step-1 Table-2 for Step-4 Object-MdJ Pronoun-Mf ,Ue;J mjid Subject-MdJ Pronoun-Mf ,Ue;J mjid by Subject Mf khw;w ,tw;iw gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs; f;F gpwF vOj ,tw;iw gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs; by me I I me by us We We us by you You You you by him He He him by her She She her by it It It it by them They They them
Level-1: (Passive to Active - Simple Tenses)
Question 1: I am encouraged by Chinnu. S V O Step 1: Chinnu (write the object as subject)
Step 2: Chinnu am encouraged encourages* (Remove be-verb change main verb as V1) Step 3: Chinnu encourages by (Removing ‗by‘) Step 4: Chinnu encourages I me. (Put the subject at the end as object & change pronoun) Step 5: Chinnu encourages me. (Write the remaining part – no remaining) Answer 1: Chinnu encourages me. * ‗am‘ Present tense – encouraged (V3) d; Present tense encourage/s (V1) (Subject – Chinnu vd;gJ 3rd person singular vdNt s tUfpwJ) [email protected] - 190 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Question 2: America was discovered by Colombus. S V O Step 1: Colombus (write the object as subject)
Step 2: Colombus was discovered discovered* (Remove be-verb change main verb as V2) Step 3: Colombus discovered by (Removing ‗by‘) Step 4: Colombus discovered America. (Put the subject at the end as object) Step 5: Colombus discovered America. (Write the remaining part– no remaining) Answer 2: Colombus discovered America. * ‗was‘ Past tense – discovered(V3)d; Past tense discovered(V2)
Question 3: Arun‘s car will be cleaned by him. S V O Step 1: Him He Arun (write the object as subject. Him He=Arun)
Step 2: Arun will be cleaned will clean* (Remove be-verb change main verb as future V1) Step 3: Arun will clean by (Removing ‗by‘) Step 4: Arun will clean Arun‘s car his car. (Put the subject at the end as object Arun‘s=his) Step 5: Arun will clean his car. (Write the remaining part– no remaining) Answer 3: Arun will clean his car. * ‗will‘ Future tense – cleaned(V3)d; Future tense will clean (will + V1) *will be f;F gjpyhf should be, would be te;jhYk; ,Nj Kiwia gpd;gw;Wf
Level-1 Exercises: 1. The gift is accepted by me. 1. I accept the gift. 2. The students were disturbed by the noise. 2. The noise disturbed the students. 3. The game was ended by them. 3. They ended the game. 4. The pipe is fitted by the plumber. 4. The plumber fits the pipe. 5. We were permitted by our principal to go on an excursion. 5. Our principal permitted us to go on an excursion.
Level-2: (Passive to Active - Continuous Tenses)
Question 1: The songs are being sung by her. S V O Step 1: Her She (write the object as subject. Her She) Step 2: She are being sung is singing* (Remove ‗being‘ & she is & main verb as V1+ing) Step 3: She is singing by (Removing ‗by‘) Step 4: She is singing the songs. (Put the subject at the end as object) Step 5: She is singing the songs. (Write the remaining part– no remaining) Answer 1: She is singing the songs. * ‗being‘ continuous tense – sung(V3)d; continuous tense singing (V1 + ing) She vd;w subjectf;F - auxiliary verbMf aref;Fg; gjpyhf is NghlNtz;Lk;.
Question 2: The school was being cleaned by them. S V O Step 1: Them They (write the object as subject. Them They) Step 2: They was being cleaned were cleaning* (Remove ‗being‘ & They were & main verb as V1+ing) Step 3: They were cleaning by (Removing ‗by‘) Step 4: They were cleaning the school. (Put the subject at the end as object) Step 5: They were cleaning the school. (Write the remaining part– no remaining) Answer 2: They were cleaning the school.* * ‗being‘ continuous tense – cleaned(V3)d; continuous tense cleaning (V1+ ing) They vd;w subjectf;F - auxiliary verbMf wasf;Fg; gjpyhf were NghlNtz;Lk;. * There is no passive form for Future Continuous Sentence.
[email protected] - 191 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Level-2 Exercises: 1. The crops are being cultivated by the farmers . 1. The farmers are cultivating the crops. 2. The ground was being dug by the workers. 2. The workers were digging the ground. 3. Anglo-saxon was being spoken by them at the beginning. 3. They were speaking Anglo-saxon at the beginning. 4. The news was being conveyed by them 4. They were conveying the news. 5. Milk is being drunk by the cat. 5. The cat is drinking milk.
Level-3: (Passive to Active - Perfect Tenses)
Question 1: The game has been played by us well. S V O Step 1: Us We (write the object as subject. us We) Step 2: We has have been played (Remove ‗been‘ & We have & main verb same V3) Step 3: We have played by (Removing ‗by‘) Step 4: We have played the game (Put the subject at the end as object) Step 5: We have played the game well. (Write the remaining part – well) Answer 1: We have played the game well. * ‗been‘ perfect tense – played(V3)d; perfect tense mNj played(V3)jhd;. We vd;w subjectf;F - auxiliary verbMf hasf;Fg; gjpyhf have NghlNtz;Lk;.
Question 2: The book had been read by me. S V O Step 1: me I (write the object as subject. me I) Step 2: I had been read (Remove ‗been‘ & I had & main verb same V3) Step 3: I had read by (Removing ‗by‘) Step 4: I had read the book (Put the subject at the end as object) Step 5: I had read the book. (Write the remaining part – no remaining) Answer 2: : I had read the book. * ‗been‘ perfect tense – read(V3)d; perfect tense mNj read (V3)jhd;. I vd;w subjectf;F - auxiliary verbMf mNj had NghlNtz;Lk;.
Question 3: The house will have been sold by us. S V O Step 1: Us We (write the object as subject. us We) Step 2: We will shall have been sold (Remove ‗been‘ & We shall have & main verb same V3) Step 3: We shall have sold by (Removing ‗by‘) Step 4: We shall have sold the house (Put the subject at the end as object) Step 5: We shall have sold the house. (Write the remaining part – no remaining) Answer 3: We shall have sold the house. * ‗been‘ perfect tense – sold(V3)d; perfect tense mNj sold(V3)jhd;. We vd;w subjectf;F - auxiliary verbMf will have f;Fg; gjpy; shall have NghlNtz;Lk;.
Level-3 Exercises: 1. The medal had been won by the shark team. 1. The shark team had won the medal. 2. The letter has been delivered by the postman. 2. The postman has delivered the letter . 3. The song had been sung by us. 3. We had sung the song. 4. The martial art will have been learnt by me. 4. I shall have learnt the martial art. 5. The question has been answered by her. 5. She has answered the question.
Level-4: (Passive to Active – Sentences without object)
Passive voice-y; Object ,y;iynadpy; Active Mf khw;Wk;NghJ Someone/Somebody my;yJ nghUj;jkhd Subject–I (Doctor –patient, teacher-student) gad;gLj;Jf.
Example: 1. My purse has been stolen. 2.The thief was arrested. Answer: 1. Someone has stolen my purse. 2.The Police arrested the thief.
[email protected] - 192 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Level-4 Exercises: 1. I was beaten black and blue. 1. My enemy beat me black and blue. 2. The students are called. 2. The principal calls the students. 3. The weather will have been forcasted. 3. The meteorologist will have forcasted the weather 4. The parcel was returned. 4. The postman returned the parcel. 5. I am threatened. 5. Someone threatens me.
Note: forecast-forecast-forecast Show – showed – shown forecast-forecasted-forecasted - both are acceptable Show – showed – showed but broadcasted is wrong. broadcast-broadcast-broadcast is right. Both are correct. telecasted is wrong. telecast-telecast-telecast is right.
Level-5: (Passive to Active – Mixed Exercises) Nkw;fz;l tiffs; fye;J tUk; gapw;rpfNs Nju;tpy; tUk; vd;gjhy; fye;JtUk; gapw;rpfis nra;J goFNthk;. Level-11 Exercises: 1. The problem was solved by me. 1. I solved the problem. 2. The results will be published tomorrow by them. 2. They will publish the results tomorrow. 3. ‗Hamlet‘ was written by Shakespeare. 3. Shakespeare wrote „Hamlet‟. 4. The electric bulb was invented by Edison. 4. Edison invented the electric bulb. 5. The project has been done by him. 5. He has done the project.
Fwpg;G: Passive voice-y; Object ,y;iynadpy; Active Mf khw;Wk;NghJ Someone / Somebody Nghd;witfis Subject–Mf gad;gLj;Jf. Example: My purse has been stolen Ans: Someone has stolen my purse. ,uz;L Object-fs; tUk;NghJ nghJthf direct Object-I njhlf;fj;jpy; gad;gLj;jp Passive voice Mf khw;Wf. Example: My uncle gave me a book. Ans: A book was given to me by my uncle I was given a book by my uncle. (,JTk; rupNa)
Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Rewrite the given sentence using active voice Cotton is exported by India in a large scale. Answer: India exports cotton in a large scale. ix) Direct & Indirect speech (Term 2,3 Exam Ref: Term2 book – unit1,2): xUtu; $Wtij mtu; nrhy;YtJ NghyNt jpUg;gpr; nrhd;dhy; mJ Direct speech - Neu;$w;W. mtu; $Wtij khw;wp ehk; $WtJ Nghy; $wpdhy; mJ Indirect speech - maw;$w;W. tpdhj;jhspy; Neu;$w;W (direct) nfhLj;J maw;$w;whf(Indirect) khw;wNth my;yJ maw;$w;W(Indirect) nfhLj;J Neu;$w;whf(direct) khw;wNth Nfl;bUg;ghu;fs;. ,Jtiu ele;Js;s nghJj; Nju;Tfspy; Indirect to Direct tpdhf;fNs mjpf mstpy; Nfl;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy; mjw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; je;J gbf;fTk;. gpd; tUk; tpjpKiwfis gpd;gw;wp Neu; $w;iw maw; $w;whf khw;w KbAk;.
Parts of Direct & Indirect Speeches (Neu;$w;W & maw;$w;wpd; gFjpfs;):
Reporting Speech Reported Speech
Raja said to Kannan, “ I am talking with her now”.
Speaker Listener Pronoun Pronoun Reporting verb Reported verb Time adverbial Conjunction
Raja told Kannan that he was talking with her then.
[email protected] - 193 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Direct to Indirect Rules (tpjpKiwfs;):
Step 1: Reporting verbI thf;fpaj;jpw;F Vw;whw;Nghy khw;wTk;. (Table1-y; cs;sJ Nghy) 2: thf;fpaj;jpw;F Vw;whw;Nghy ConjunctionI Nru;f;fTk;. (Table1-y; cs;sJ Nghy) 3: “………” Nkw;Nfhs;Fwpia ePf;Ff. 4: Reported speechy; cs;s Pronounfis khw;wTk;. (Table2-y; cs;sJ Nghy) 5: Reported speechy; cs;s TenseI khw;wTk;. (Table3-y; cs;sJ Nghy) 6: Time & Place adverbialsI khw;wTk;. (Table 4-y; cs;sJ Nghy) 7: Interrogative sentence kw;Wk; Exclamatory Sentence-fspy; kl;Lk; reported speechy;
Conjunctionf;Fg; gpwF Kjypy; Subjectk; gpwF Aux.Verb-k; mikAkhW thf;fpaj;ij vOjTk;. (Table 4-y; cs;sJ Nghy)
Reporting verb khw;WtJ & Conjunction Nru;g;gJ ( Step-1 & 2 ) Table 1 Sentences Change in Reporting verb Conjunction Statement say say says says (rhjhuz say to tell says to tells „that‟ thf;fpaq;fs;) said said said to told Interrogative said asked (i) ‗Wh‘ ‗How‘ Qns - same Qn. Word (tpdh said to asked thf;fpaq;fs;) asked asked (ii) Yes or no - if or whether Imperative said / said to ordered / asked „to‟ (fl;lis / commanded /requested Ntz;LNfhs; advised / warned „not to‟ thf;fpaq;fs;) suggested / told (for Don‘t) Exclamatory said / said to exclaimed (czu;r;rp Hurrah! exclaimed joyfully „that‟ thf;fpaq;fs;) Alas! / oh! exclaimed sorrowfully
Pronoun Change ( step 4): ,e;jg;gFjpf;F mbg;gil Njit Pronoun List. ,jid Grammar elj;Jk; Kd;G tha;g;ghL Nghy gbj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. (I> ik> kP> tP> mtu;> m]; - A+> Atu;> A+> A+> Atu;> A+ - `P> `p];> `pk;> \P> n`u;> n`u; - ,;l;> ,l;];> ,l;> Nj> jpau;> njk;)
PERSON NUMBER SUBJECTIVE CASE POSSESSIVE CASE OBJECTIVE CASE Singular I my me I Plural We our us Singular You your you II Plural You your you He his him Singular She her her III It its it Plural They their them
Table 2 Direct to Indirect –y; Pronoun change –y; mbg;gilahd tprak;; „nfhl;Nl\Df;Fs;‟ cs;s I, my, me, we, our, us -vd;w Pronounfs; Speaker-If; Fwpf;Fk;. mtw;iw Speaker-f;F jFe;jthW khw;wTk;. „nfhl;Nl\Df;Fs;‟ cs;s you, your, you - vd;w Pronounfs; Listener -If; Fwpf;Fk;. mtw;iw Listener-f;F jFe;jthW khw;wTk;. (Fwpg;G: Speaker-NgRgtu;> Listener-Nfl;gtu;)
[email protected] - 194 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success 1. Speaker (NgRgtu;): Reported Part gFjpapy; (nfhl;Nl\Df;Fs;) tUk; (I, my, me, we, our, us) I-Person-fs; midj;Jk; Speaker-If; Fwpf;Fk;.
Speaker III Person –y; ,Ue;jhy;…… (v.fh. Sam) mtiuf;Fwpf;Fk; Pronoun- fis I my me
he his him vd;w Kiwapy; khw;wTk;.
Speaker I Person-y; te;jhy;……. (v.fh. I my;yJ We) mtiuf;Fwpf;Fk; Pronoun fis khw;w mtrpak; ,y;iy. I my me we our us mg;gbNa vOjptplyhk;. 2. Listener (Nfl;gtu;): Reported Part gFjpapy; (nfhl;Nl\Df;Fs;) tUk; II Person-fs; (you, your, you) midj;Jk; Listener – If; Fwpf;Fk;. Listener III Person-y; ,Ue;jhy;……… (v.fh. Malini) mtiuf;Fwpf;Fk; Pronoun – fis you you you
she her her vd;w Kiwapy; khw;wTk;. Listener I Person-y; te;jhy;……… (v.fh me my;yJ us) mtiuf;Fwpf;Fk; Pronoun-fshd you your you-it
I my me ( my;yJ) (my;yJ) (my;yJ) we our us vd;W I person Mf khw;w Ntz;Lk;. 3. xU Ntis Reported gFjpapy; Vw;fdNt III Person- fshd he, his, him, she, her, her, it, its, it, they, their, them te;jhy; Indirect – f;F khw;Wifapy; mg;gbNa vOjp tplTk;.
Tense change (step 5): Table 3 nfhLf;fg;gLk; thf;fpaj;jpd; Verb nra;a Ntz;ba khw;wk; Present form Mf ,Ue;jhy; Past form Mf khw;Wf am,is,are Mf ,Ue;jhy; was,were Mf khw;Wf have,has Mf ,Ue;jhy; had Mf khw;Wf Past form Mf ,Ue;jhy; Past Perfect (had + PP) Mf khw;Wf will Mf ,Ue;jhy; would Mf khw;Wf shall Mf ,Ue;jhy; should Mf khw;Wf can Mf ,Ue;jhy; could Mf khw;Wf may Mf ,Ue;jhy; might Mf khw;Wf must Mf ,Ue;jhy; had to Mf khw;Wf *Imperative(fl;lis) thf;fpaj;jpw;F kl;Lk; Tense change nra;af;$lhJ. *,uz;L verbfs; tUk; NghJ Kjy; verbd; TenseI kl;Lk; khw;wTk;.
Time & Place Adverbials Change (step 6): Table 4 No Direct speech To Indirect speech 1 this (,J) that (mJ) 2 these (,itfs;) those (mitfs;) 3 here (,q;Nf) there (mq;Nf) 4 thus (,g;gbahf) so (mg;gbahf) [email protected] - 195 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success 5 now (,g;NghJ) then (mg;NghJ) 6 ago (Kd;dhy;) before (Kd;djhf) 7 today (,d;W) that day (md;W) 8 tonight (,d;wpuT) that night (md;W ,uT) 9 yesterday (New;W) the previous day/ the day before /the last day(Ke;ija ehs;) 10 last week (nrd;w thuk;) the previous week/ the week before (Ke;ija thuk;) 11 last month (nrd;w khjk;) the previous month / the month before (Ke;ija khjk;) 12 last year (nrd;w Mz;L) the previous year/ the year before (Ke;ija Mz;L) 13 tomorrow (ehis) the next day / the day after / the following day (mLj;j ehs;) 14 next week (tUk; thuk;) the week after (mjw;F mLj;j thuk;) 15 next month (tUk; khjk;) the month after (mjw;F mLj;j khjk;) 16 next year (tUk; Mz;L) the year after (mjw;F mLj;j Mz;L)
Neu;$w;wpd; fhyKk;> maw;$w;wpd; fhyKk; NtWgLtjhy;jhd; Nkw;fz;l thu;j;ijfis khw;WfpNwhk;
Format Change (for step 7): Table 5 Inerrogative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence
1. She said to him, ―Is he mad?‖ 1. He said, ―How beautiful the Taj Mahal is!‖
She asked him if he was mad. He exclaimed that the Taj Mahal was very beautiful.
2. He said to her, ―Have you done the homework?‖ 2. She said, ―What a beautiful picture it is!‖
He asked her if she had done the homework. She exclaimed that it was a very beautiful picture.
3. He said to her, ―Who is your father?‖ (Subject,Verb, Complement -vd;w mikg;ghf ,lk; khw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. What, How Nghd;w He asked her who her father was. thu;j;ijfis ePf;fptpl;L Adjective-f;F Kd;dhy; very Nru;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) (Subject-k; Verb-k; ,lk; khw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ)
ePq;fs; nra;aNtz;ba gbfs; - RUf;fkhf Step 1 Reporting verb change Step 2 Add Conjunction Step 3 Remove comma quotation Step 4 Pronouns Change Step 5 Tense Change Step 6 Adverbials change Step 7 Structure change *,jid mg;gbNa kdg;ghlk; nra;Jnfhs;f
Level-1 (Statement type – 6 steps):
Question: Ameer said to Banu, ―I went to Chennai last week.‖ mkPu; ghDtplk; $wpdhd;> “ehd; nrd;wthuk; nrd;id nrd;Nwd;.” nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s $w;wpd; gFjpfis Kjypy; mwpe;Jnfhs;Nthk;. Ameer said to Banu , “ I went to Chennai last week .” Statement Speaker Reporting verb Listener Pronoun verb adverbial
,g;NghJ ehk; nra;aNtz;ba khw;wq;fSf;fhd gbfis xt;nthd;whf nra;J ghu;g;Nghk; Step-1 Step-2 Step-3 Step-4 Step-5 Step-6 Ameer said to Banu , “ I went to Chennai last week . ” Ameer told Banu that he had gone to Chennai the previous week.
[email protected] - 196 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success mkPu; $wpa nrhw;nwhlu; rhjhuz thf;fpak; vd;gjhy; said to vd;gij told vd khw;w Ntz;Lk;. conjunction-Mf that Nghl Ntz;Lk;. ,q;F I vd;gJ Ameer (speaker)–If; Fwpf;fpwJ. mkPu; $Wk;NghJ „ehd;‟ (I) vd;W $wpapUg;ghu;. mtu; nrhd;dij ehk; nrhy;Yk;NghJ mtu; Mz; vd;gjhy; „mtd;‟ (he) vd;W Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. mkPu; fle;j fhyj;jpy; $wpaij ehk; ,g;NghJ $Wtjhy; mij Past tense my;yJ Past Perfect-y; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. ,q;F Vw;fdNt ,we;j fhyj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sjhy; „NghapUe;jhu;‟ vd;w nghUs;gl Past Perfect Tense-y; khw;w Ntz;Lk;. mkPu; $Wk;NghJ „Nghd thuk;‟ (last week) vd;wpUg;ghu;. ehk; mij ,g;NghJ $Wk;NghJ mtu; $wpajw;F „Ke;ija thuk;‟ (the previous week) vd;W Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.
Final Answer: Ameer told Banu that he had gone to Chennai the previous week. mkPu; ghDtplk; mtd; mjw;F Ke;ija thuk; nrd;id nrd;wpUe;jjhff; $wpdhd;.
Level-1 Exercises: 1. The teacher said to the students, ―We are going on an excursion to Kerala next week‖. The teacher told the students that they were going on an excursion to Kerala the following week
2. Valli said to Vimala, ―You may find this sum difficult, if you do not learn the formula‖. Valli told Vimala that she might find that sum difficult, if she did not learn the formula.
3. Shankar said to his teacher, ―Ma‘m, I had prepared my project assignment but I forgot to bring it.‖ Shankar told his teacher that he had prepared his project assignment but he had forgotten to bring it.
4. Rangan said to Ashok, ―I have completed this exercise. I can submit it without fail tomorrow‖. Rangan told Ashok that he had completed that exercise and said that he could submit it without
fail the next day. 5. ―I have come to ask you for a scholarship‖, the boy said. The boy said that he had come to ask me for a scholarship.
Level-2 (Interrogative type – 7 steps):
Question: Siva said to me, ―When will you meet me?‖ rpth vd;dplk; $wpdhd;> “eP vd;id vg;NghJ re;jpg;gha;?” nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s $w;wpd; gFjpfis Kjypy; mwpe;Jnfhs;Nthk;. Siva said to me , “ When will you meet me ? ” Interrogative Speaker Reporting verb Listener Qn word Ax.verb Pronoun m.verb pronoun (Wh Question)
,g;NghJ ehk; nra;aNtz;ba khw;wq;fSf;fhd gbfis xt;nthd;whf nra;J ghu;g;Nghk; Step-1 Step-2 Step-3 Step-7 Step-5 Step-4 Step-4 Siva said to me , “ When will you meet me ” Siva asked me when I would meet him. ,q;F nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpak; Nfs;tp vd;gjhy; asked NghLfpNwhk;. conjunction mNj qn word vd;gjhy; when nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tpdh thf;fpak; vd;gjhy; step-7 gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ pronoun Kd;Nd nfhz;Ltug;gl;Ls;sJ. you vd;gJ listener Mfpa vd;idf; Fwpg;gjhy; I NghLfpNwhk;. rpth $Wk;NghJ „eP‟ (you) vd;wpUg;ghd;. mij ehd; jpUg;gpr; nrhy;Yk; NghJ „ehd;‟ (I) vd;WjhNd nrhy;yNtz;Lk;. filrpapy; cs;s „me‘ (vd;id) rpthitf; Fwpg;gjhy; mij ehd; nrhy;Yk;NghJ „mtid‟ (him) vd;Wjhd; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.
Final Answer: Siva asked me when I would meet him. rpth vd;dplk; ehd; mtid vg;NghJ re;jpg;Ngd; vd Nfl;lhd;.
Level-2 Exercises: 1. ―What can I do for you?‖ the Headmaster asked the boy. The Headmaster asked the boy what he could do for him.
2. The teacher said to the students, ―Where do you want to go?‖ The teacher asked the students where they wanted to go.
3. The doctor asked the patient, ―Do you smoke?‖ The doctor asked the patient whether he smoked
4. Guru said, ―Is there any one to fight with me? I‘ll finish you.‖ Guru asked if there was anyone to fight with him and also he said that he would finish them.
[email protected] - 197 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success 5. Nagaraj said to his father, ―Would you allow me to go on an excursion to Kerala? Nagaraj asked his father if he would allow him to go on an excursion to Kerala.
Level-3 (Imperative type – 6 steps):
Question: I told my assistant, ―Get me your certificates.‖ ehd; vdJ cjtpahsuplk; nrhd;Ndd;> “cdJ rhd;wpjo;fis vd;dplk; nfhz;Lth.” nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s $w;wpd; gFjpfis Kjypy; mwpe;Jnfhs;Nthk;. I told my assistant , “ Get me your certificates .” Imperative speaker reporting verb listener verb pronoun pronoun
,g;NghJ ehk; nra;aNtz;ba khw;wq;fSf;fhd gbfis xt;nthd;whf nra;J ghu;g;Nghk; Step-1 Step-2 Step-3 Step-4 Step-4 I told my assistant , ― Get me your certificates .‖ I ordered my assistant to get me his certificates. ,q;F ehd; $wpaij ehNd jpUg;gp $WfpNwd;. imperative thf;fpakhf ,Ug;gjhYk; vdJ cjtpahsuplk; fl;lisapLtJ Nghy ,Ug;gjhYk; ordered NghLfpNwhk;. imperative thf;fpaj;jpw;F conjunction ‗to‘ MFk;. Imperative thf;fpaj;jpw;F tense change (to tUtjhy;) Njitapy;iy. me vd;gJ vd;idNa Fwpg;gpLtjhy; mij ehd; khw;w Ntz;bajpy;iy. your vd;gJ vd;Dila cjtpahsiuf; Fwpg;gjhy; his vd khw;WfpNwhk;.
Final Answer: I ordered my assistant to get me his certificates. ehd; vdJ cjtpahsuplk; mtdJ rhd;wpjo;fis vd;dplk; nfhz;L tUkhW fl;lisapl;Nld;.
Level-3 Exercises: 1. Mr. Chari said to his driver, ―Drop me at my office and pick me up at 3 p.m.‖ Mr. Chari ordered his driver to drop him at his office and pick him up at 3 p.m. 2. Father said to his son, ―Don‘t be worried. I am sure you will do well in the exam‖. Father advised his son not to be worried and also he said that he was sure he would do well in the exam. 3. The old man said to the student, ―Please help me cross the street.‖ The old man requested the student to help him cross the street. 4. The residents said to the collector, ―Thank you for helping us during the floods last week‖. The residents thanked the collector to thank him for helping them during the floods the previous week. 5. The teacher said to the students, ―Don‘t write on both sides of the paper.‖ The teacher instructed the students not to write on both sides of the paper.
Level-4 (Exclamatory type – 7 steps):
Question: Salim said, ―How tall this building is!‖ ryPk; $wpdhd;> “,e;j fl;blk; vt;tsT caukhf cs;sJ!” nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s $w;wpd; gFjpfis Kjypy; mwpe;Jnfhs;Nthk;. Salim said , “ How tall this building is !” Exclamatory Speaker Reporting verb Exclamatary Qn word adverbial noun verb
,g;NghJ ehk; nra;aNtz;ba khw;wq;fSf;fhd gbfis xt;nthd;whf nra;J ghu;g;Nghk; Step-1 Step-2 Step-3 Step-7 Step-6 Salim said , “ How tall this building is !”
Salim exclaimed that that building was very tall. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpak; Exclamatory vd;gjhy; exclaimed vd khw;WfpNwhk;. Exclamatory thf;fpaj;Jf;F conjunction - that MFk;. exclaimed vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ltpl;ljhy; czu;r;rpr; nrhw;fs; kw;Wk; Mr;rupaf;Fwp ePf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. ,q;F How kw;Wk; ! ePf;fg;gLfpwJ. czu;r;rp thf;fpaj;ij rhjhuz thf;fpakhf khw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhy; structure change (step-7) nra;ag;glNtz;Lk;. Kjypy; noun gpwF verb gpwF adjective vd;wthW khw;w Ntz;Lk;. ryPk; $Wk;NghJ ,e;j fl;blk; (this building) caukhf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;wpUg;ghu;. mjid ehk; $Wk;NghJ me;j fl;blk; (that building) kpfTk; (very) caukhf ,Ue;jJ (was tall) vd;W mtu; $wpajhf vOjNtz;Lk;.
Final Answer: Salim exclaimed that that building was very tall. ryPk; me;j fl;blk; kpfTk; caukhf ,Ue;jJ vd Mr;ru;ag;gl;lhd;.
[email protected] - 198 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Level-4 Exercises: 1. ―What a beautiful view it is!‖ said my friend. My friend exclaimed that it was a very beautiful view.
2. Veena said to her friend, ―How beautiful your handwriting is!‖ Veena exclaimed to her friend that her handwriting was very beautiful.
3. The traveller said, ―Shit! I‘ve forgot to bring my passport.‖ The traveller exclaimed with sorrow that he had forgotten to bring his passport.
4. The players said, ―Hurrah! We have won the match‖ The players exclaimed joyfully that they had won the match.
5. The people said, ―Alas! We have missed our leader.‖ The people exclaimed with sorrow that they had missed their leader.
Level-5 Exercise: Rewrite these sentences into indirect speech: 1. He said, ―I will be in New York on Sunday‖ He said that he would be in New York on Sunday.
2. The teacher said to Mohan, ―Why were you absent to school yesterday?‖ The teacher asked Mohan why he had been absent to school the previous day.
3. All the visitors said, ―What an excellent sculpture it is!‖ All the visitors exclaimed that it was an excellent sculpture.
4. Raju said, ―I am going to Ooty for the holidays.‖ Raju said that he was going to Ooty for the holidays.
5. The headmaster said to Mohan, ―Bring your father to school tomorrow.‖ The headmaster asked Mohan to bring his father to school the next day
6. Sundar said to Mohan, ―I don‘t agree with you.‖ Sundar told Mohan that he didn‟t agree with him.
7. Anbu said to the girl, ―Will you come to the function tomorrow?‖ Anbu asked the girl if she would come to the function the next day.
8. Sudha said to Afroj, ―Please, Give me your laptop.‖ Sudha requested Afroj to give her her laptop.
9. Dhivya said to her brother , ―Don‘t use mobile phone while driving.‖ Dhivya advised her brother not to use mobile phone while driving
10. Monica said, ―Hurrah! I have scored 490 marks.‖ Monica exclaimed joyfully that she had scored 490 marks.
Indirect to Direct Direct to Indirect-y; nra;j gbfis mg;gbNa khw;wp Reverse-y; nra;aNtz;Lk;.
Step 1: told, asked,exclaimed, ordered,requested … f;F gjpyhf said to NghLf. (listener ,y;iy vdpy; said kl;LNk NghlTk;) (Table1-y; cs;sJ Nghy) 2: ,ilr;nrhy;iy (that, if/whether, to) ePf;fTk;. (Table1-y; cs;sJ Nghy) 3: “… ” Nkw;Nfhs; Fwp NghLf. (conjunction I vLj;j ,lj;jpy; Nkw;Nfhs;Fwpiaj; njhlq;F) 4: Reported speechy; cs;s Pronounfis khw;wTk;. 5: Reported speechy; cs;s TenseI khw;wTk;. (Table2-y; cs;sJ Nghy) 6: Time & Place adverbialsI khw;wTk;. (Table3-y; cs;sJ Nghy) 7a: Interrogative sentence -y; reported speechy; Kjypy; Aux.Verb -k; gpwF Subjectk; mikAkhW thf;fpaj;ij vOjTk;. 7b: Exclamatory Sentence-y; reported speechy; Kjypy; Complement-k; gpwF Subjectk; gpwF Verbk; mikAkhW thf;fpaj;ij vOjTk;. [email protected] - 199 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Fwpg;G: Reported speechy; not to te;jhy; mij Don‟t vd khw;wTk;. Reporting speechy; requested te;jhy; Reported speech-I Please vdj; njhlq;fTk;. Exclamatory Sentencey; Reported speechy; Very te;jhy; mij ePf;fptpl;L What/How vdj; njhlq;fTk;.
Reporting verb & Conjunction khw;WtJ ( Step 1 & Step 2) Table 1 Changes in Reporting verb ePf;fNtz;ba Conjunction *listener ,y;iy vdpy; said kl;Lk; NghlTk;. said said Statement „that‟ (rhjhuzthf;fpak;) told said to Interrogative asked (i) „Wh‟ „How‟ Qns - ,e;j (tpdh asked said to, said Conjunction-fis ePf;ff;$lhJ. thf;fpak;) asked (ii) Yes or no - if or whether Imperative ordered / asked „to‟ (fl;lis / commanded /requested said / said to Ntz;LNfhs; advised / warned „not to‟ it vLj;Jtpl;L thf;fpaq;fs;) suggested / told Don‟t NghlTk;. Exclamatory exclaimed said / said to (czu;r;rp exclaimed joyfully said, ―Hurrah! „ that ‟ thf;fpaq;fs;) exclaimed sorrowfully said, ―Alas! / oh!
Tense change (step 5): Table 2 nfhLf;fg;gLk; thf;fpaj;jpd; Verb nra;a Ntz;ba khw;wk; Past formMf ,Ue;jhy; Present form Mf khw;Wf was,were Mf ,Ue;jhy; am,is,are Mf khw;Wf had Mf ,Ue;jhy; have,has Mf khw;Wf had + Past Participle form Mf ,Ue;jhy; Past form Mf khw;Wf would Mf ,Ue;jhy; will Mf khw;Wf should Mf ,Ue;jhy; shall Mf khw;Wf could Mf ,Ue;jhy; can Mf khw;Wf might Mf ,Ue;jhy; may Mf khw;Wf had to Mf ,Ue;jhy; must Mf khw;Wf *Imperative(fl;lis) thf;fpaj;jpw;F kl;Lk; Tense change nra;af;$lhJ. *,uz;L verbfs; tUk; NghJ Kjy; verbd; TenseI kl;Lk; khw;wTk;.
Time & Place Adverbials Change (step 6): Table 3 No Indirect speech To Direct speech 1 that (mJ) this (,J) 2 those (mitfs;) these (,itfs;) 3 there (mq;Nf) here (,q;Nf) 4 so (mg;gbahf) thus (,g;gbahf) 5 then (mg;NghJ) now (,g;NghJ) 6 before (Kd;djhf) ago (Kd;dhy;) 7 that day (md;W) today (,d;W) 8 that night (md;W ,uT) tonight (,d;wpuT) 9 the previous day/ the day before /the last day (Ke;ija ehs;) yesterday (New;W) 10 the previous week/ the week before (Ke;ija thuk;) last week (nrd;w thuk;)
[email protected] - 200 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success 11 the previous month / the month before (Ke;ija khjk;) last month (nrd;w khjk;) 12 the previous year/ the year before (Ke;ija Mz;L) last year (nrd;w Mz;L) 13 the next day / the day after / the following day (mLj;j ehs;) tomorrow (ehis) 14 the week after (mjw;F mLj;j thuk;) next week (tUk; thuk;) 15 the month after (mjw;F mLj;j khjk;) next month (tUk; khjk;) 16 the year after (mjw;F mLj;j Mz;L) next year (tUk; Mz;L)
Indirect to Direct ePq;fs; nra;aNtz;ba gbfs; - RUf;fkhf Step 1 Reporting verb change Step 2 Remove Conjunction Step 3 Put comma quotation Step 4 Pronoun Changes Step 5 Tense Change Step 6 Adverbial changes Step 7 Structure change *,jid mg;gbNa kdg;ghlk; nra;Jnfhs;f
Level-6 (Statement – 6 steps) :
Question: Ram told Raja that he wanted to meet him then. uhk; uh[htplk; mtd; mtid mg;NghJ re;jpf;f tpUk;gpajhff; $wpdhd; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s $w;wpd; gFjpfis Kjypy; mwpe;Jnfhs;Nthk;. Ram told Raja that he wanted to meet him then. Statement speaker Reporting verb listener conjunction pronoun verb pronoun adverbial
,g;NghJ ehk; nra;aNtz;ba khw;wq;fSf;fhd gbfis xt;nthd;whf nra;J ghu;g;Nghk; Step-1 Step-2 Step-3 Step-4 Step-5 Step-4 Step-5 Step-3 Ram told Raja that he wanted to meet him then Ram said to Raja , ― I want to meet you now. ‖ uhk; $wpaij mtUila thu;j;ijfspNyNa vOj Ntz;Lk;. told vd;gij said to vd;W vOj Ntz;Lk;. conjunction – that-I vLj;J tplTk;. vLj;j ,lj;jpy; fkh nfhl;Nl\d; NghlTk;. he vd;gJ uhik Fwpf;fpwJ. mtu; $Wk;NghJ „ehd;‟ (I) vd;Nw $wpapUg;ghu;. vdNt he–I I vd khw;wTk;. uhk; $wpaij ehk; vLj;Jf; $Wk;NghJ ek;ikg;nghUj;jtiu uhk; $wpaJ ,we;jfhyk; vd;gjhy; wanted (tpUk;gpajhf) vd;W past-y; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. uhk; $Wk;NghJ “,g;NghJ cd;id re;jpf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;” vd;W present-y; want vd;W $Wthu; vd;gjhy; wanted vd;gij want vd;W khw;w Ntz;Lk;. „him‘ vd;gJ uh[hitf; Fwpf;fpwJ. ehk; $Wk;NghJ him vdf; $WNthk;. Mdhy; uhk; $Wk;NghJ cd;id (you) vd;W $Wthu; vd;gjhy; him-I you vd khw;w Ntz;Lk;. uhk; $wpaij ehk; $Wk;NghJ mg;NghJ (then) vd;W nrhy;ypapUg;Nghk;. uhk; $Wk;NghJ ,g;NghJ (now) vd;Nw $wpapUg;ghu;. vdNt then vd;gJ now-Mf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. filrpapy; Nkw;Nfhs; Fwpapl;L thf;fpaj;ij Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Final Answer: Ram said to Raja, ―I want to meet you now.‖ uhk; uh[htplk; $wpdhd;> “ehd; cd;id ,g;NghJ re;jpf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;.”
Level-6 Exercises: 1.The teacher told the students that they had done very well in the test. The teacher said to the students, “You have done very well in the test.”
2.The prime minister said that he was determined to abolish poverty. The prime minister said, “I am determined to abolish poverty.”
3.Teacher told Raghu that she would not excuse him and also said that he had not brought the leave letter.
Teacher said to Raghu, “I won‟t excuse you. You haven‟t brought the leave letter.” 4. Librarian told Sunitha that she ought to return the book on time.
Librarian said to Sunitha, “You ought to return the book on time.” The prime minister said, “I am determined to abolish poverty.”
5. The teacher told Rangan that she was happy to see that he had done the exercises correctly. The teacher said to Rangan, “I am happy to see that you have done the exercises correctly.”
[email protected] - 201 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Level-7 (Interrogative type – 7 steps): Question: I asked Louis where he had gone the previous day. ehd; Y}ap]plk; mtd; mjw;F Ke;ija ehs; vq;Nf NghapUe;jhd; vd Nfl;Nld; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s $w;wpd; gFjpfis Kjypy; mwpe;Jnfhs;Nthk;. I asked Louis where he had gone the previous day Interrogative speaker Reporting verb listener conjunction pronoun Ax.verb m.verb adverbial
,g;NghJ ehk; nra;aNtz;ba khw;wq;fSf;fhd gbfis xt;nthd;whf nra;J ghu;g;Nghk; Step-1 Step-2 Step-3 Step-7 Step-4 Step-5 Step-5 Step-6 I asked Louis where he had gone the previous day I said to Louis , ― Where did you go Yesterday?‖ ehd; Y}ap]plk; $wpaij ehd; ,d;ndhUtuplk; $WtJNghy nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjid ehd; Y}ap]plk; $wpa mNj thu;j;ijfisg; gad;gLj;jp vOj Ntz;Lk;. Kjy; gbapy; asked vd;gJ said to vd khw;wg;gLfpwJ. conjunction Mf ,Ue;j Where-I vLj;Jtpl;L me;j ,lj;jpy; fkh> nfhl;Nl\d; Nghl;Lf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. gpwF thf;fpaj;ij me;j where-If; nfhz;Nl njhlq;fNtz;Lk;. Qn.word+Ax.verb+pronoun+main verb vd;w Kiwapy; khw;w Ntz;Lk;. Vw;fdNt past tense Mf ,Ue;jijj;jhd; past perfect Mf khw;wpapUg;Nghk;. ,g;NghJ kPz;Lk; past tesne MfNt khw;WNthk;. past Jiztpidr;nrhy; did MFk;. he vd;gJ Y}api]f; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ehd; mtdplk; nrhy;Yk;NghJ „eP‟ (you) vd;Wjhd; $wpapUg;Ngd;. vdNt he MdJ you Mf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. past participle (gone) kPz;Lk; present (go) Mf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. Y}ap]plk; $wpaij kw;wtuplk; $Wk;NghJ Ke;ija ehs; (the previous day) vd;wpUg;Ngd;. Y}ap]plk; Neubahff; $Wk;NghJ New;W (yesterday) vd;Nw $wpapUg;Ngd;. vdNt yesterday Mf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. filrpapy; tpdhf;Fwpapl;L nfhl;Nl\id Kbf;fNtz;Lk;.
Final Answer: I said to Louis ―Where did you go yesterday?‖ ehd; Y}ap]plk; nrhd;Ndd;> “New;W eP vq;F nrd;wha;?”
Level-7 Exercises: 1.The teacher asked me whether I was going to join the Medical course or the Engineering course. The teacher said to me, “Are you going to join the Medical course or the Engineering course?”
2. The tourist asked the policeman which the way to museum was. The tourist said to the policeman, “Which is the way to museum?”
3. Naveen asked his brother if he would accompany him to the provision store. Naveen said to his brother, “Will you accompany me to the provision store?”
4. Daya wanted to know if tickets were available for the music concert. Daya said to herself, “Are tickets available for the music concert?”
5. Selvan wondered if he could climb the hill. Selvan said, “Can I climb the hill?”
6. Conductor told the passenger that he didn‘t need a 50 rupee note and also he asked if he didn‘t know that he should bring the change? Conductor said to the passenger, “I don‟t need a 50 rupee note. Don‟t you know that you should bring the change?”
Level-8 (Imperative type – 6 steps):
Question: Dinesh requested me to give him my book. jpNd\; vd;dplk; mtDf;F vdJ Gj;jfj;ijj; jUkhW Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhd;. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s $w;wpd; gFjpfis Kjypy; mwpe;Jnfhs;Nthk;. Dinesh requested me to give him my book Imperative Speaker Rep.verb listener conjunction verb pronoun pronoun noun
,g;NghJ ehk; nra;aNtz;ba khw;wq;fSf;fhd gbfis xt;nthd;whf nra;J ghu;g;Nghk; Step-1 Step-2 Step-3 Step-4 Step-4 Step-3 Dinesh requested me to give him my book Dinesh said to me , ― Please, Give me your book. ‖ jpNd\; vd;dplk; $wpaij mtDila thu;j;ijfspy; vOjNtz;Lk;. requested vd;gJ said to Mf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. conjunction (to) ePf;fg;gLfpwJ. fkh nfhl;N\d; njhlq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J fl;lis thf;fpak; vd;gjhy; tense change [email protected] - 202 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success mtrpakpy;iy. requested te;Js;sjhy; Please vd thf;fpaj;ij njhlq;FtJ ey;yJ. thf;fpa njhlf;fk; vd;gjhy; give-d; Kjy; vOj;J Nfg;gpl;lyhf (Give) khw;wg;gLfpwJ. him vd;gJ jpNdi\f; Fwpf;fpwJ. mtd; nrhy;Yk;NghJ vdf;F (me) vd;Nw $wpapUg;ghd;. vdNt him vd;gJ me Mf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. my vd;gJ listener Mfpa vd;idf; Fwpf;fpwJ. jpNd\; nrhy;Yk;NghJ cd;Dila Gj;jfk; (your book) vd;Nw $wpapUg;ghd;. vdNt my vd;gJ your Mf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. book mg;gbNa itf;fg;gl;L nfhl;Nl\d; Kbf;fg;gLfpwJ.
Final Answer: Dinesh said to me, “Please, Give me your book.” jpNd\; vd;dplk; nrhd;dhd;> “cd;Dila Gj;jfj;ij vd;dplk; nfhL.”
Level-8 Exercises: 1. All holy scriptures advise us to do our duty without worrying about the result. All holy scriptures said to us, “Do your duty without worrying about the result.”
2. Shyam‘s grandmother advised him not to waste his time in unnecessary activities. Shyam‟s grandmother said to him, “Don‟t waste your time in unnecessary activities.”
3. The Headmaster advised us to switch off the fans when we left the class. The Headmaster said to us, “Switch off the fans when you leave the class.”
4. The teacher reminded the students to stand up when the National Anthem was being sung. The teacher said to the students “Stand up, when the National Anthem is being sung.”
5. Gopi requested Suresh to lend him a pen. Gopi said to Suresh, “Please, Lend me a pen.”
Level-9 (Exclamatory type – 7 steps): Question: Renuka exclaimed Rani that she was very clever. NuZfh uhzpaplk; mts; kpfTk; Gj;jprhypahf ,Ue;jjhf Mr;rupag;gl;lhs;. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s $w;wpd; gFjpfis Kjypy; mwpe;Jnfhs;Nthk;. Renuka exclaimed Rani that she was very clever Exclamatory Speaker Rep.verb Listener Conjunction Pronoun Verb
,g;NghJ ehk; nra;aNtz;ba khw;wq;fSf;fhd gbfis xt;nthd;whf nra;J ghu;g;Nghk; Step-1 Step-2 Step-3 Step-7 Step-7 Step-4 Step-5 Step-3 Renuka exclaimed Rani that she was very clever
Renuka said to Rani , ― How clever you are! ‖ NuZfh uhzpaplk; nrhd;dij mtSila thu;j;ijfspy; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. exclaimed vd;gJ said to Mf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. conjunction (that) ePf;fg;gLfpwJ. me;j ,lj;jpy; fkh nfhl;Nl\d; njhlq;FfpwJ. Exclamatory thf;fpaj;jpd; mikg;G khw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk; (structure change) vd;w mbg;gilapy; czu;r;rp tpdhr;nrhy;yhd How Nru;f;fg;gLfpwJ. mjw;fLj;J adjective (clever) tuNtz;Lk;. she vd;gJ listener Mfpa uhzpiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ. NuZfh uhzpapld; $Wk;NghJ „eP‟ (you) vd;Nw $wpapUg;ghs;. vdNt she vd;gJ you Mf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. was vd;gJ present (is) vd Mf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Kd;djhf you tUtjhy; mjw;Nfw;whw;Nghy; are vd khw;wg;gLfpwJ. Mr;ru;af;Fwpapl;L nfhl;Nl\d; Kbf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.
Final Answer: Renuka said to Rani, “How clever you are!” NuZfh uhzpaplk; nrhd;dhs;> “eP vt;tsT Gj;jprhypahf ,Uf;fpwha;!”
Level-9 Exercises: 1. Balaji exclaimed his friend that he had rendered him a good deed. Balaji said to his friend, “What a good deed you have rendered!”
2. Suresh exclaimed sadly that his father did not allow him to go on an excursion. Suresh said, “Oh! My father doesn‟t allow me to go on an excursion.”
3. Latha wondered happily that the show was very strange. Latha said, “ How strange the show is!”
4. Megha lamented lonely that it was all her fate. Megha said, “Alas! It is all my fate.”
5. Santha exclaimed joyfully that her daughter won the first prize. Santha said, “Hurrah! My daughter wins the first prize.” [email protected] - 203 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Level-10 Exercises (Mixed): 1. She said that she had written to her the previous day. She said, “I wrote to her yesterday.”
2. She told Rama that she wouldn‘t come with him to the forest. She said to Rama, “I won‟t (shan‟t) come with you to the forest.”
3. The doctor asked the patient if he had slept well the day before. The doctor said to the patient, “Did you sleep well yesterday?”
4. The teacher advised the boys not to waste their precious time. The teacher said to the boys, “Don‟t waste your precious time.”
5. Leela requested Meena to lend her her bicycle. Leela said to Meena, “Please, lend me your bicycle.”
6. Ravi asked Rani when she would return his book. Ravi said to Rani, “When will you return my book?”
7. Durai exclaimed joyfully that his son won the atheletic championship and also said that he wanted to join him in a sports hostel. Durai said, “Ah! My son wins the atheletic championship. I want to join him in a sports hostel.”
8. Hashini exclaimed Harini that she was very smart. Hashini said to Harini, “How smart you are!”
Fwpg;G: nghJj;Nju;tpy; Nfs;tpahdJ rpy Neuq;fspy; fyit thf;fpakhff; Nfl;gjhy; (Compound Sentence) Kjw; gFjpiaj; jdpahfTk;> gpw;gFjpiaj; jdpahfTk; direct-bNyh my;yJ indirect-bNyh vg;gb khw;wr;nrhy;yp ,Uf;fpwhu;fNsh mg;gb khw;w Ntz;Lk;.
Direct to Indirect: Nfs;tp Direct Speech-y; fyit thf;fpakhf ,Ue;jhy; ,izg;Gr;nrhy; ,Uf;fhJ.
Question 1: Balu said to his friend, ―How long have I been waiting for you? It‘s getting late.‖
NkNy cs;s Nfs;tpapy; Kjw;gFjpapy; tpdh thf;fpaKk; gpw;gFjpapy; rhjhuz thf;fpaKk; te;Js;sJ.
,jpy; Balu said to his friend vd;w gFjpia Nfs;tp thf;fpaj;jpw;F jFe;jhw;Nghy Balu asked his friend vd;W Kjypy; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.
―How long have I been waiting for you? vd;w gFjpia Indirect Speechy; Nfs;tp thf;fpaj;jpw;F cupa khw;wq;fSld; gpd;tUk; tpilia vOjTk;.
Balu said to his friend , ― How long have I been waiting for you?‖
Balu asked his friend how long he had been waiting for him.
gpd;du; kPz;Lk; Balu said to his friend vd;w gFjpia rhjhuz thf;fpaj;jpw;F jFe;jhw;Nghy and also he told vd;W ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahff; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.
It‘s getting late.‖ vd;w gFjpia Indirect Speechy; rhjhuz thf;fpaj;jpw;F cupa khw;wq;fSld; gpd;tUk; tpilia vOjTk;.
Balu said to his friend ―How long have I been waiting for you? It‘s getting late.‖ conjunction conjunction Balu asked his friend how long he had been waiting for him and also he told that it was getting late.
Ans 1: Balu asked his friend how long he had been waiting for him and also he told that it was getting late.
[email protected] - 204 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Indirect to Direct: Nfs;tp Indirect Speech-y; fyit thf;fpakhf ,Ue;jhy; ngUk;ghYk; and also vd;w ,izg;Gr; nrhy;yhy; ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Question 2: Our Principal advised me to study well and also she told that it would help me in future.
NkNy cs;s Nfs;tpapy; Kjw;gFjpapy; advised...to… vd ,Ug;gjhy; Ntz;LNfhs; thf;fpaKk; gpw;gFjpapy; told … that… vd ,Ug;gjhy; rhjhuz thf;fpaKk; te;Js;sJ.
,jpy; Our Principal advised me vd;w gFjpia Direct Speech-w;F jFe;jhw;Nghy Our Principal said to me vd;W Kjypy; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. Conjunction „to‟-it ePf;fp tplTk;.
study well vd;w gFjpia Direct Speechy; vOjTk;. Ntz;LNfhs; thf;fpaj;jpw;F kl;Lk; Tense khw;wj; Njitapy;iy.
Our Principal advised me to study well conjunction Our Principal said to me “Study well.
gpd;du; and also she told vd;w gFjpiaAk;> conjunction „that‟-IAk; ePf;fp tplTk;.
it would help me in future vd;w gFjpia Direct Speechy; rhjhuz thf;fpaj;jpw;F cupa khw;wq;fSld; gpd;tUkhW tpilia vOjTk;.
Our Principal advised me to study well and also she told that it would help me in future. conjunction conjunction Our Principal said to me “Study well. It will help you in future.”
Answer 2: Our Principal said to me, “Study well. It will help you in future.”
Level-11 Exercises (Compound Sentences) : 1. The stranger said to me, ―I am a teacher. What are you?‖ The stranger told me that he was a teacher and also he asked what I was.
2. Ragu said to Jasmine, ―How smart you are! I am very proud of you.‖ Ragu exclaimed Jasmine that she was very smart and also he said that he was very proud of her.
3. ―Have you prepared breakfast? I have to go to school immediately‖ , I said to my mother. I asked my mother whether she had prepared breakfast and also I said that I had to go to school immediately.
4. The manager ordered the peon to bring him his car key and also added where he had been few minutes before. The manager said to the peon, “Bring me my car key. Where have you been few minutes before?”
5. Siva told Robert that he had an urgent work then and also he asked whether he wanted to come. Siva said to Robert, “I had an urgent work now. Do you want to come?”
Fwpg;G: Nju;tpy; Nfs;tpahdJ rpy Neuq;fspy; fyit thf;fpakhff; Nfl;gjhy; (Compound Sentence) Kjw; gFjpiaj; jdpahfTk;> gpw;gFjpiaj; jdpahfTk; direct-MfNth my;yJ indirect-MfNth vg;gb khw;wr;nrhy;yp ,Uf;fpwhu;fNsh mg;gb khw;w Ntz;Lk;.
Exercises (Type-1): Rewrite the following into indirect speech 1) Kannan asked me if I liked icecream. 1) Kannan said to me , ―Do you like icecream?‖ 2) He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. 2) He said, "Hurrah! We have won the match!" 3) She asked me where I had got that interesting novel from 3) She said to me, "Where did you get this interesting novel from?" 4) She asked me if I had been in town the previous day. 4) She said to me, "Were you in town yesterday?" 5) My friend exclaimed with sorrow that I hadn‟t come 5) My friend said, "What a pity you didn't come for the field trip!" for the field trip. 6) I said to him, "When do you intend paying me back?" 6) I asked him when he intended paying me back. 7) ―Why does it always happen to me, mom?‖ questioned Kaushik. 7) Kaushik asked his mom why it always happened to him. 8) ―Aren‘t they beautiful?‖ asked Prithi. 8) Prithi asked if they were not beautiful. 9) He said, ―How did it happen, sis?‖ 9) He asked his sister how it had happened. 10) The mother said to her child, ―Don‘t go in the rain.‖ 10) The mother advised her child not to go in the rain.
[email protected] - 205 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Exercises (Type-2): Rewrite the given sentences in the direct speech 1. Lalitha said to her friend, “Are you ready to come with 1. Lalitha asked her friend if she was ready to come with me to the shop?” her to the shop. 2. The teacher said to the boys, “Don‟t speak ill of others. 2. The teacher asked the boys not to speak ill of others 3. My friend said, “It is a very beautiful view.” / My friend 3. My friend said that it was a very beautiful view. said, “What a beautiful view it is!” 4. The teacher asked the students if they had done the 4. The teacher said to the students, “Have you done the problem which he had given them the previous day. problem which I gave you yesterday?” 5. Praveen told me that he did not go to movies often. 5. Praveen said to me, “I do not go to movies often.” 6. Bhalaji exclaimed that I had rendered him a good deed. 6. Bhalaji said, “What a good deed you have rendered!” 7. Naveen asked his brother if he would accompany him to 7. Naveen said to his brother, “Will you accompany me to the provisional store. the provisional store?” 8. The Headmaster advised us to switch off the fans when 8. The Headmaster said to us, “Switch off the fans when we left the class. you left the class.” 9. Selvan wondered if he could climb that hill. 9. Selvan said, “Can you climb this hill?” 10. The teacher told Rangan that she was happy to see that 10. The teacher said to Rangan, “I am happy to see that you he had done the exercises correctly. have done the exercises correctly.”
Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Rewrite the following into indirect speech Kannan said to me , ―Do you like icecream?‖ Answer: Kannan asked me if I liked icecream. Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Rewrite the given sentence in the direct speech Lalitha asked her friend if she was ready to come with her to the shop Answer: Lalitha said to his friend, ―Are you ready to come with me to the shop?‖
x) Phrase Filling using Simple-Compound-Complex (Term 3 Exam Ref: Term3book-Unit1,2):
thf;fpaq;fs; nghJthf %d;W tifg;gLk;. 1) vspa thf;fpaq;fs; (Simple Sentences) 2) vspa $l;L thf;fpaq;fs; (Compound Sentences) 3) rpf;fyhd $l;L thf;fpaq;fs; (Complex Sentences) ,tw;iwg; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F Kd;ghf thf;fpaj;jpd; rpy gFjpfis mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Phrase vd;gJ finite verb ,y;yhj nrhw;nwhlu; (xU thf;fpaj;jpy; Tense-If; fhl;Lk; verb xd;W fl;lhak; ,Uf;Fk; mJNt finite verb MFk;) Clause vd;gJ verb cs;s mu;j;jk; Kw;Wngw;w my;yJ mu;j;jk; Kw;Wngwhj nrhw;nwhlu; mu;j;jk; Kw;Wngw;w nrhw;nwhliu Main Clause (MC) vd;fpNwhk;. mu;j;jk; Kw;Wngwhj nrhw;nwhliu Subordinate Clause (SC) vd;fpNwhk;.
SIMPLE SENTENCE Simple Sentence vd;gJ xU Phrase-IAk; (tpidr;nrhy; ,y;yhj xU nrhw;nwhliuAk;);> xU Main clause-IAk; (finite verb-nfhz;l mu;j;jk; KOikngw;w xU thf;fpaj;ijAk;) nfhz;bUf;Fk;. Because of her hard work, She won the medal.
mtspd; fbd ciog;gpd; fhuzkhf> mts; gjf;fk; ntd;whs;. Phrase Main Clause Extra Example: The boy sat under the tree. (,jpy; tense fhl;Lk; verb, sat MFk;. ,J simple past sentence) The boy wearing blue cap and dirty clothes sat under the tree (phrase+finite verb+… ,JTk; simple)
COMPOUND SENTENCE Compound Sentence vd;gJ ,uz;L Main clause-IAk; (mu;j;jKs;s thf;fpaq;fisAk;) ,uz;bd; ,ilapYk; xU conjunction-IAk; (,izg;Gr;nrhy;Yk;) nfhz;bUf;Fk;. She worked hard and so She won the medal.
mts; fbdkhf cioj;jhs; mjdhy; mts; gjf;fk; ntd;whs;. Main Clause conjunction Main Clause
[email protected] - 206 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success COMPLEX SENTENCE Complex Sentence vd;gJ xU Subordinate Clause-IAk; (mu;j;jk; KOikngwhj thf;fpaj;ijAk;);> xU Main clause-IAk; (mu;j;jk; KOikngw;w thf;fpaj;ijAk;;) nfhz;bUf;Fk;. As She worked hard, She won the medal.
mts; fbdkhf cioj;jjhy;> mts; gjf;fk; ntd;whs;. Subordinate Clause Main Clause
Simple Sentences : Phrase + MC Compound Sentences : MC + Conjunction + MC Complex Sentences : SC + MC
Book Exercise: Here are a few jumbled sentences. Match the two parts to form meaningful sentences: 1. The boy sat under a tree. 2. The sun went down in the west. 3. He asked me to sit close to him. 4. The students remained indoors on a hot day.
Activity 1 Identify the type of each of the following sentences: 1. The villagers moved out of their village. 1. Single MC Mf ,Ug;gjhy; „Simple sentence‟ 2. The sky was darker and the cold was more intense. 2. MC+conj+MC vd tUtjhy; „Compound Sentence‟ 3. He sat down under a tree and wept bitterly. 3. MC+conj+MC vd tUtjhy; „Compound Sentence‟ 4. In spite of being hot, we managed to work. 4. Phrase+MC Mf ,Ug;gjhy; „Simple sentence‟ 5. No one had any sympathy for him but all were curious about his absence. 5. MC+conj+MC vd tUtjhy; „Compound Sentence‟ 6. Miriam married and left her father. 6. MC+conj+MC vd tUtjhy; „Compound Sentence‟
Key words for transforming adverb clauses in Simple Compound Complex Sentences: Base Simple Compound Complex (Phrases) (Coordinating Conjunctions) (Subordinating Conjunctions) (1) On +ing verb, and, and at once, As soon as, when, while, Time having +pp verb and before, and soon after, before Being..., As a result of, (2) On account of, Because of, so, and so, therefore As, because, since Reason Due to, Owing to (3) too…to. very….and so so…that…can/could not too…to (4) In order to, so as to, and so, so so that, in order that Purpose to avoid for, the purpose of (5) Inspite of +verb+ing, Though, Although, but, yet, still Failed Results Despite+noun, Even though, Even if or, or…not, or…else, If…can/will/could/would, (6) In the event of, Incase of, otherwise, only then, Unless,,,can not, Condition On + verb + ing and, at once When / As soon as (7) Everywhere / everyplace and Wherever, where Place (8) Comparison Comparable to, comp.adj + of as… as, so… as, Than (9) Besides..+verb+ing and, as well as not only… but also Besides… (10) Without…+verb+ing must…otherwise after Without..
[email protected] - 207 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Type1 (time) As soon as I saw the snake, I searched for a stick. (when, while, after, before) – complex I saw the snake and I searched for a stick. (and at once, immediately, and soon) – compound On seeing the snake, I searched for a stick. (Having seen, Immediately after seeing) – simple
Type – 2 (reason) She was absent because she was sick. / As she was sick, she was absent. (since) – complex She was sick so she was absent (and so, therefore) - compound Because of her being sick, she was absent. (Owing to her sickness, Due to her sickness, On the account of her being sick) - simple As the examinations were over, the students left the hostel. – complex The examinations were over and the students left the hostel. – compound The examinations being over, the students left the hostel. - simple
Type – 3 (Result) He is so weak, that he cannot walk. (such…that) - complex He is very weak and so he can not walk. (so) - compound He is too weak to walk. / As a result of his weakness, he can not walk.(In the consequence of) - simple We eat so that we live. (complex) We eat and so we live (compound) We eat to live. (simple)
Type – 4 (Inability) Though they run very fast, they missed the train. (although, even though, even if) - complex They run very fast but they missed the train. (yet, still) - compound In spite of their running very fast, they missed the train. (Despite, notwithstanding) - simple Type – 5 (Condition) If you work hard, you will succeed. - complex (You) work hard and you will succeed / You work hard only then you will succeed - cmpound In the event of your working hard, you will succeed. (In case of your working hard) You will succeed with hard working - simple
Type – 5.1 (Negative Condition) Unless you work hard, you will fail./ If you do not work hard, you will fail - complex You work hard or (or else, otherwise) you will fail - compound In case of your not working hard, you will fail./ You will fail without hard working - simple
Type – 6 (Relative Pronoun) The moment which is lost is lost for ever – complex she hopes that she will get the job - complex The moment is lost and it is lost for ever. – compound She will get this job and she hopes it. - compound The lost moment is lost for ever. - simple She hopes to get this job. - simple The law will punish whoever is guilty. - complex I saw a man who had a wooden leg. - complex The guilty will be punished and the law will do it - compound I saw a man and he had a wooden leg. - compound The law will punish the guilty. - simple I saw a man with a wooden leg. - simple
Book Examples: 1. a) lnspite of / Despite her poverty, Anuja stood first in the examination. (Simple) b) Although / Even though / Though Anuja was poor, she stood first in the examination. (Complex) c) Anuja was poor, yet / but /still she stood first in the examination. (Compound)
2. a) On hearing the good news, Angel felt happy. (Simple) b) When Angel heard the good news, he felt happy. (Complex) c) Angel heard the good news and he felt happy. (Compound)
3. a) In the event of running first, you will win the race. (simple) b) If you run fast, you will win the race. (complex) c) Unless you run fast, you will not win the race. (complex) d) Run fast or you will not win the race. (compound)
4. a) On account of / Because of / Due to / Owing to / As a result of bad weather, the match was postponed. (simple) b) As/Since the weather was bad, the match was postponed. (complex) c) The weather was bad and so the match was postponed. (compound) [email protected] - 208 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
5. a) Being busy, Jeba could not attend the wedding. (simple) b) As / Since Jeba was busy, she could not attend the wedding. (complex) c) Jeba was busy and so she could not attend the wedding. (compound)
6. a) The coffee is too hot to drink. (simple) b) The coffee is so hot that I cannot drink it. (complex) c) The coffee is very hot and so I cannot drink it. (compound)
Activity 2 Convert the following Simple sentences into Compound: 1. Seeing the earth brown partridge, Ali shot at the bird. Ali saw all the earth brown partridge and shot at the bird. 2. In spite of his disappointment, Ali went to the post office daily. Ali was disappointed but he went to the post office daily. 3. Forgetting his sport, he admired the green fields. He forgot his sport and admired the green fields. 4. Ali emptied an old tin box, taking out five guineas from it. Ali took five guineas from an old tin box and emptied it. 5. The climate was too cold for Ali to bear. The climate was very cold and Ali could not bear it.
Activity 3 Convert the following Compound sentences into Simple sentences : 1. He was worried all night and got up at three. Worrying all night he got up at three. 2. Ali committed many sins but he repented for them. Despite committing many sins Ali repented for them. 3. Ali didn't get any letter, nevertheless he didn't lose hope. In spite of his not getting any letter Ali didn‟t lose hope. 4. The old man went in quickly and squatted on the verandah. Going in quickly the old man squatted on the verandah. 5. Ali got up and saluted the postmaster. Getting up Ali saluted the postmaster.
Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Complete the sentence:- ……………..heavy rain, the match continued . (a) On account of (b) Inspite of (c) Due to fd kio nga;jNghJk;> Nghl;bahdJ njhlu;e;jJ. ,Ue;jNghJk; vd;w nghUspy; tUtJ Inspite of. Answer: Inspite of heavy rain, the match continued.
xi) Combining two Sentences (Exam: Term 3) nfhLf;fg;gl;l ,uz;L thf;fpaq;fis ,izj;J xNu thf;fpakhf vOj Ntz;Lk;. thf;fpaq;fSf;F ,ilNa and, or, but, so vOjp ,izg;gJ vspa KiwahFk;. and – kw;Wk; or-my;yJ but- Mdhy; so- Mjyhy; (Mifahy;)
,izg;Gr; nrhw;fs; ,uz;L tifg;gLk;
1) Coordinating conjunctions 2) Subordinating conjunctions. 1) Coordinating conjunctions: (ngUk;ghYk; thf;fpaq;fSf;F ,ilapy; tUk;) and(kw;Wk;>NkYk;), or(my;yJ), otherwise(khwhf), but(Mdhy;), yet(,d;Dk;> ,Ug;gpDk;), so(Mifahy;;), therefore(vdNt)…. etc.
Examples: " Cabuk's voice trailed off and his chin fell to his chest. Main clause + conjunction + Main clause ,t;thW nghUs; KOik ngw;w ,U thf;fpaq;fis ,izj;J $l;L thf;fpaj;ij (Compound sentence) cUthf;Fk; ,izg;Gr; nrhw;fs; Coordinating conjunctions MFk;.
[email protected] - 209 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success 2) Subordinating conjunctions: (ngUk;ghYk; thf;fpaj;jpd; njhlf;fj;jpy; tUk;) Though(,Ue;jNghJk;), although(,Ue;jNghJk;), eventhough(,Ue;jNghJk;), if(…My;), unless(..My; xopa), when(NghJ), as soon as(…cld;), as(,Ug;gjhy;), since(,Ug;gjhy;), because(Vndd;why;), so that(MfNt), not only… but also(,Jkl;Lk; my;y Mdhy; mJTk; $l), after(gpwF), before(Kd;du;)……. etc. ,j;jifa thu;j;ijfs; xU nghUs; Kw;Wg;ngwhj thf;fpaj;jpd; xU gFjpia nghUs; Kw;Wg;ngw;w thf;fpaj;NjhL ,ize;J rpf;fyhd thf;fpaj;ij (complex sentence) cUthf;Ffpd;wd.
Example: If you work hard, you will pass ,q;F If vd;gJ Subordinating conjuction Subordinate clause Main clause (nghUs; Kw;WngwhjJ) (nghUs; Kw;Wngw;wJ)
The train went off before we reached the station. ,q;F before vd;gJ Subordinating conjuction Main clause Subordinate clasue (nghUs; Kw;Wngw;wJ) (nghUs; Kw;WngwhjJ)
Identify the following sentences as compound or complex: 1. As the horizon vanished into the blur of blue, he could not stay oriented. - Complex. 2. Favio sat beside him and pulled out his cell phone. - Compound. 3. White asked for control settings that would get him to the proper speed. -Complex. 4. The plane landed at the runway and Mr. White and his family got down from the plane.- Compound. 5. Ryan wrote a poem after he had finished a cricket game.- Complex.
Activity 1. The box is too heavy to carry. (change into complex sentence) The box is so heavy that I cannot carry. 2. Even though he is poor, he donates generously. (change into compound sentence) He is poor but he donates generously. 3. Rahul did not know German so he was disqualified. (change into complex sentence) As Rahul did not know German, he was disqualified. 4. Owing to his illness, Rajan did not appear for the examination. ( change into compound sentence) Rajan was ill and so he did not appear for the examination. 5. As soon as I heard the good news, I congratulated her. (change into simple sentence) On hearing the good news, I congratulated her.
Relative Pronouns tpdhr;nrhw;fis gad;gLj;jp (ngau;nrhy;iy Fwpg;gpLtjw;fhf) ,U thf;fpaq;fis ,izj;J rpf;fyhd thf;fpaq;fis (Complex Sentence) cUthf;f KbAk;. Relative Pronouns: who, whose, whom, which, that. Relative adverbs : when, where, how, why.
who ahu; – Ms; Pronoun whose ahUila – Ms; Possessive pronoun whom ahUf;F – Ms; Objective pronoun when vg;nghOJ – Neuk; Time where vq;Nf – ,lk; Place which vJ – nghUs; Things (non-human) that me;j – nghUs; Things (non-living) These words join two parts of a sentence. They refer nouns stands before.
For Example 1. This is the man who taught us before. ,tu;jhd; me;j kdpju; (ahnud;why; Kd;du; vq;fSf;F fw;Wj; je;jtu;) 2. The book which you gave me is lost. me;j Gj;jfk; (vJntd;why; eP vdf;Ff; nfhLj;jJ) njhiye;J tpl;lJ
Combining sentences with relative pronouns 1. I bought some apples in the market. They were costly. I bought some apples in the market which were costly. (Apples capuw;w nghUs;) [email protected] - 210 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success 2. The old man lost his purse. He is crying. The old man who lost his purse is crying. (Person-He Mf ,Ug;gjhy; who) 3. This is the hotel. We meet here often. This is the hotel where we meet often. (Place –Hotel Mf ,Ug;gjhy; where) 4. I like the boy. His temper is good. I like the boy whose temper is good. (boy-His Mf ,Ug;gjhy; whose) 5. I saw a man. He had a wooden leg. I saw a man who had a wooden leg. (Person-He Mf ,Ug;gjhy; who) 6. This is the book. I wanted to read it. This is the book which I wanted to read. (Book capuw;w nghUshf ,Ug;gjhy;) 7. This is the place. We visit here often. This is the place where we visit often. (Place Mf ,Ug;gjhy; where) 8. I like Sujatha. His novels are very interesting. (Sujatha – A male writer) I like Sujatha whose novels are very interesting. (Sujatha-His Mf ,Ug;gjhy; whose) 9. This is the boy. I saved him last month. This is the boy whom I saved last month. (Boy-Him Mf ,Ug;gjhy; whom) 10. A man is honest. He succeeds in life. A man who is honest, succeeds in life. (Person-He Mf ,Ug;gjhy; who) 11. Do not put off till tomorrow. You cand do it today. Do not put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 12. The present moment is a gift. It has been bestowed upon you. The present moment is a gift that has been bestowed upon you. 13. This is the planet. It belongs to you. This is the planet which belongs to you. 14. Those utilise their time wisely. They will succeed in life. Those who utilise their time wisely will succeed in life. 15. Geetha had invited most of the friends.They came for her wedding. Most of the friends whom Geetha had invited, came for her wedding. 16. I live in chandra‘s house. He is a friend of mine, Chandra whose house I live in, is a good friend of mine.
vspa nra;Kiw: thf;fpaj;ij vOjp Kbj;jgpd; vOjpaij 1. He/She/ name te;jhy; who –I gad;gLj;jp vOj Ntz;Lk;. thrpj;Jg; ghu;j;J nghUSs;sjhf ,Uf;fpwjh 2. His/her te;jhy; whose –I gad;gLj;jp vOj Ntz;Lk;. vd;W ghu;j;J thf;fpaj;ij rup nra;J nfhs;s 3. Him/her te;jhy; whom –I gad;gLj;jp vOj Ntz;Lk;. Ntz;Lk;. ngUk;ghYk; ,uz;L thf;fpaq;fSf;F 4. They(things) te;jhy; which –I gad;gLj;jp vOj Ntz;Lk;. eLtpy; Relative Pronoun-fis ,izf;f 5. There, here te;jhy; where –I gad;gLj;jp vOj Ntz;Lk;. Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. rpy rkaq;fspy; Kjy; 6. Then te;jhy; when –I gad;gLj;jp vOj Ntz;Lk;. thf;fpaj;jpd; ,ilapy; Relative Pronoun-fis ,izf;f Ntz;bapUf;Fk;. Nkw;fz;l thf;fpaq;fis ed;F Gupe;J nfhz;L gyKiw nrhy;ypg; ghu;j;J gapw;rp vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; Nju;tpy; vspjhf nra;J tplyhk;.
Book back Exercise Read the following sentences and fill in the blanks with the appropriate relative pronouns. (who, whose, whom, that, which, what)
1. We met the lady whose child won the chess championship. 2. Time which is lost is lost forever. 3. Where is the book that I gave you? 4. We are all leaves of a majestic tree whose trunk cannot be shaken off its roots. 5. Children who are hard working by nature will come out with flying colours. 6. The lady whose car was stolen is my relative. 7. We love those who are kind to others. 8. The snake which we captured was handed over to the wildlife warden. 9. Listen to what I say carefully. 10. Robin is the famous player whom my son likes very much.
Term-3 Model Question Exercise: From the context of the two sentences given below form a single sentence. He tried hard . He could not get a ticket. Answer : Though he tried hard, he could not get a ticket. mtd; fLikahf Kaw;rpj;jNghJk; mtdhy; bf;nfl; ngw Kbatpy;iy.
[email protected] - 211 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success xii) If Clause (Exam: Term3 \ Ref: Term3book-Unit1): nfhLf;fg;gl;l ,uz;L thf;fpaq;fis if gad;gLj;jp xNu thf;fpakhf vOj Ntz;Lk;. Kjypy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l ,uz;L thf;fpaq;fisAk; cw;W Nehf;Fq;fs;. Sita studies well. She passes the exam. rPjh ed;F gbf;fpwhs;. mts; Nju;tpy; ntw;wp ngWfpwhs;. ,q;F ,uz;L tpraq;fs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. xd;W mts; nra;Ak; nray;. kw;nwhd;W mtspd; nrayhy; tpisAk; tpisT.
,jid epge;jidahf (Condition) khw;w tUtJ
rPjh ed;F gbj;jhy;> mts; Nju;tpy; ntw;wp ngWths;.
If Sita studies well, she will pass the exam.
Condition (epge;jid) Result (tpisT)
Vw;fdNt tpdh vz; 15-y; nfhLf;fg;gl;l tptuq;fis epidT gLj;jpf;nfhs;sTk;. No Types Condition Part Result Part Type Universal truths, Scientific If + S + V / V+s / Passive Verb S + V / V+s 0 facts (cyf nghJ cz;ikfs;> 1 1 mwptpay;G+u;tkhd epfo;Tfs;): Type Possible and probable If + S + V1 / V+s S + will / won‘t / shall / shan‘t I (,aYk;> eilngwf;$bait): (am/is/are/verb/verb+s,es,ies) / can / can‘t / may + V1 a) Possible but not probable If + S + V2 S + would / could + V1 Type (,aYk; Mdhy; elf;fhjit)
II b) Imaginary situation (fw;gidahdit) If + S + were / V2 S + would + V1 Not possible, not probable Type Something had already III happened, we can not change (ele;J Kbe;j khw;w ,ayhj):
nra;Kiw: 1) nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,uz;L thf;fpaq;fisAk; ftdkhfg; gbj;Jg;ghu;f;fTk;. Kjy; thf;fpak; condition MfTk; ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpak; result MfTk; ,Uf;fpwjh vd;gij cWjpnra;Jnfhs;sTk;. mt;thW ,y;iynadpy; condition, result tupirapy; khw;wpf;nfhs;sTk;.
2) jkpopy; nrhy;ypg;ghu;f;fTk;. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpaj;jpd; fUj;J khwhky; vg;gb khw;wpdhy; rupahf ,Uf;Fnkd;W Nahrpj;J nra;aTk;.
3) ,uz;L thf;fpaq;fSk; xU mwptpay; cz;ikia czu;j;Jtjhf ,Ue;jhy; vt;tpj khw;wKk; nra;ahky; If + 1st sentence, 2nd sentence vd;wthW vOjyhk;. v.fh. Heat ice. It melts. If you heat ice, it melts. (Zero condition) gdpf;fl;bia ntg;gg;gLj;jpdhy; mJ cUFfpwJ.
4) ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpaj;jpy; (result-y;) will, won‘t, shall, shan‘t, can, can not, would, could, would have, could have Nghd;w Jiz tpidr;nrhw;fs; te;jpUe;jhy; Kjy; thf;fpaj;jpw;F (condition-f;F) Kd; if Nghl;L mg;gbNa Nru;j;J vOjyhk;. v.fh. The bus breaks down. I won‟t be able to attend the class. If the bus breaks down, I won‟t be able to attend the class. NgUe;J gOjile;jpUg;gjhy; ehd; tFg;gpy; gq;Nfw;f ,ayhJNghFk;. He did his work well. He would be rewarded. If he did his work well, he would be rewarded. mtd; jd; Ntiyia ed;F nra;jpUe;jhy;> mtd; guprspf;fg;gLthd;.
5) Nkw;fz;l mikg;gpy; Nfl;fg;gLk; rpy tpdhf;fSf;F nghUSf;F Vw;wthW thf;fpaj;ij rw;W khw;wp tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. v.fh. Don‘t waste water. Our resources will be severely depleted. If you waste water, our resources will be severely depleted (,q;F don‘t ePf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) Ashok must work hard. Otherwise he will not secure high marks. If Ashok works hard, he will secure high marks. (,q;F must-otherwise-not ePf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) [email protected] - 212 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
6) ,uz;L thf;fpaq;fSk; present – affirmative Mf ,Ue;jhy; Type1-y; tUkhW vOjyhk;. (,uz;lhtJ thf;fpaj;jpy; verb-f;F Kd;dhy; will Nru;f;fNtz;Lk;.) v.fh. He runs fast. He wins the race. If he runs fast, he will win the race. mtd; Ntfkhf XLfpwjhy;> mtd; ge;jaj;jpy; ntw;wp ngWthd; It rains. I will get wet. If it rains, I will get wet. kio nga;fpwjhy; ehd; eide;JtpLNtd;.
7) ,uz;L thf;fpaq;fSk; Present-negative MfNth my;yJ VNjDk; xU thf;fpak; Present- negative MfTk; kw;nwhU thf;fpak; present-affirmative MfTNkh ,Ue;jhy; Type2 Kiwapy; mjhtJ past-would Kiwapy; khw;wp vOjNtz;Lk;. (nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; not ,Ue;jhy; mij vLj;Jtpl;L vOjNtz;Lk;. ,y;iynad;why; not Nghl;L vOjNtz;Lk;) v.fh: He doesn‘t run fast. He doesn‘t win the race. If he ran fast, he would win the race. mtd; Ntfkhf XbapUe;jhy;> n[apj;jpUg;ghd;. She is lazy. She is not liked by all. If she were not lazy, she would be liked by all. mts; Nrhk;Ngwpahf ,y;yhjpUe;jpUe;jhy; mts; vy;NyhuhYk; tpUk;gg;gl;L ,Ue;jpUg;ghs;.
8) ,uz;L thf;fpaq;fSk; Past-affirmative ,y; ,Ue;jhYk; my;yJ ,uz;Lk; Past-negative ,y; ,Ue;jhYk; my;yJ VNjDk; xU thf;fpak; Past-affirmative Yk; kw;nwhU thf;fpak; Past- negativeYk; ,Ue;jhYk; Type3-f;F mjhtJ past perfect-would have Kiwapy; khw;wp vOjNtz;Lk;. (nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; not ,Ue;jhy; mij vLj;Jtpl;L vOjNtz;Lk;. ,y;iynad;why; not Nghl;L vOjNtz;Lk;) v.fh: He studied well. He passed in the exam. If he hadn‟t studied well, he wouldn‟t have passed in the exam. (mtd; ed;whf gbf;fhJ ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;> mtd; Nju;tpy; Nju;r;rp ngw;wpUf;fkhl;lhd;) He didn‘t study well. He did not pass in the exam. If he had studied well, he would have passed in the exam (mtd; ed;F gbj;jpUe;jpUe;jhy;> mtd; Nju;tpy; Nju;r;rp ngw;wpUe;jpUg;ghd;)
Type – 1 Question 1 : You study well. You score more marks. „eP ed;whf gbf;fpwha; ey;y kjpg;ngz;fis ngWfpwha;‟ vd;W $wg;gLtjhy; “eP ed;whf gbj;jhy; ey;y kjpg;ngz; ngWtha;” vd Rygkhf khw;wp vOjptplyhk;. ,q;F tense khw;wNkh positive negative khw;wNkh fpilahJ. If kw;Wk; will Nghl;lhy; NghJk;. Kjy; thf;fpaj;jpy; thf;fpaj;jpd; njhlf;fk; Mjyhy; You-d; Kjy; vOj;J Capital vOj;jhf cs;sJ. ehk; vOJk; tpilapy; you ,uz;lhtjhf tUtjhy; Capital-I small Mf;F. Kjy; thf;fpaj;jpd; Kbtpy; tUk; Kw;Wg;Gs;spia ePf;fptpl;L fkh NghlNtz;Lk;. mLj;JtUk; you-y; Kjy; vOj;ij small Mf;fptpLf.
2 thf;fpaq;fSk; Present tense Affirmative. tpilia Type 1-y; vOj Ntz;Lk;. You study well . You score more marks.
If you study well , you will score more marks. Ans: If you study well, you will score more marks (eP ed;whf gbj;jhy; eP ey;y kjpg;ngz;fis ngWtha;)
Question 2 : Run fast. You will catch the bus. „Ntfkhf XL. eP NgUe;ij gpbj;JtpLtha;‟ vd;W $wg;gLtjhy; „eP Ntfkhf Xbdhy; NgUe;ij gpbj;JtpLtha;‟ vd Rygkhf khw;wp vOjptplyhk;. Kjy; thf;fpaj;jpy; you nfhLf;fg;gltpy;iy. mJ mq;F kiwe;J epw;fpwJ. tpil vOJk;NghJ ehk; Nru;j;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;. ,q;F tense khw;wNkh positive negative khw;wNkh fpilahJ. will Vw;fdNt tpdhtpy; ,Ug;gjhy;; If kw;Wk; you Nghl;lhy; NghJk;. kw;wgb Kw;Wg;Gs;spia ePf;fp fkh ,lNtz;Lk;. Capital-I small Mf khw;wNtz;Lk;.
Kjy; thf;fpak; Present tense Affirmative. 2Mk; thf;fpak; Future tense. tpilia Type 1-y; vOj Ntz;Lk;. Run fast. You will catch the bus.
If you run fast, you will catch the bus. Answer: If you run fast, you will catch the bus. (eP Ntfkhf Xbdhy;> eP NgUe;ij gpbj;JtpLtha;)
[email protected] - 213 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Question 3: You inform him. He won‘t come. “eP mtDf;F jfty; nfhL. mtd; tukhl;lhd;.” vd;W $wg;gLtjhy; „eP mtDf;Fj; jfty; nfhLj;jhy; mtd; tukhl;lhd;‟ vd;W Rygkhff; $wptplyhk;. ,q;Fk; tense khw;wNkh positive negative khw;wNkh fpilahJ. won‘t Vw;fdNt tpdhtpy; ,Ug;gjhy;; If kw;Wk; you Nghl;lhy; NghJk;. kw;wgb Kw;Wg;Gs;spia ePf;fp fkh ,lNtz;Lk;. Capital-I small Mf khw;wNtz;Lk;. Kjy; thf;fpak; Present tense Affirmative. 2Mk; thf;fpak; Future tense Negative. tpilia Type 1-y; vOj Ntz;Lk;. You inform him . He won‘t come.
If you inform him , he won‘t come. Answer: If you inform him, he won‟t come. (eP mtDf;F jfty; nfhLj;jhy;> mtd; tukhl;lhd;)
Type 1 - Exercises: 1. The battery is charged. The light shines. 1. If the battery is charged, the light will shine. 2. You waste water. Our resources are depleted. 2. If you waste water, Our resources will be depleted. 3. It rains. I get wet. 3. If it rains. I shall get wet. 4. The bus breaks down. I won‘t able to attend the class. 4. If the bus breaks down, I won‘t able to attend the class. 5. Naveen is late. He is punished. 5. If Naveen is late, he will be punished.
Type – 2 Question 1 : I am not a bird. I do not fly. ehd; xU gwitay;y. ehd; gwf;f khl;Nld; ,e;j thf;fpaj;jpy; ehd; gwitay;y vd;w cz;ik ntspg;gLtjhy; ,jw;FNky; fw;gidahfj;jhd; epge;jidia mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehd; gwitahf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; ehd; gwe;jpUg;Ngd; vd;Wjhd; epge;jidia mjhtJ Type2-y;jhd; mikf;f KbAk;. mg;NghJjhd; „ehd; gwitahf ,y;iy. vd;dhy; gwf;f KbahJ‟ vd;w mu;j;jk; tUk; ,jw;F Kjypy; If vOjp gpwF Kjy; thf;fpaj;ij Past tense Mf khw;wNtz;Lk;. If I was a bird vd;gJ tof;fj;jpy; ,y;iy vdNt If I were a bird vd vOjNtz;Lk;. Kjy; thf;fpak; Kbe;jTld; Kw;Wg;Gs;spia vLj;Jtpl;L fhw;Gs;sp (fkh) ,lNtz;Lk;. gpwF ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s do not-I vLj;Jtpl;L would Nghl Ntz;Lk;.
Kjy; thf;fpak; Present tense Negative. 2Mk; thf;fpak; Present tense Negative. tpilia Type 2-y; vOj Ntz;Lk;. not te;jhy; mij vLj;J tplTk;. I am not a bird . I do not fly
If I were a bird , I would fly Fwpg;G: ,uz;L thf;fpaj;jpYk; ,Ue;j not vLf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gij ftdj;jpy; nfhs;f. Answer: If I were a bird, I would fly. (ehd; xU gwitahf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; ehd; gwe;jpUg;Ngd;)
Question 2 : Tomorrow is not a holiday. I go to school. „ehis tpLKiw my;y. ehd; gs;sp nry;fpNwd;‟ vd;W $wg;gLtjhy; ,jw;FNky; fw;gidahfj;jhd; epge;jidia mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. „ehis tpLKiwahf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; ehd; gs;sp nry;yhJ ,Ug;Ngd;‟ vd;Wjhd; epge;jidia mjhtJ Type2-y;jhd; mikf;f KbAk;. mg;NghJjhd; „ehis tpLKiwapy;iy gs;sp nry;fpNwd;‟ vd;w mu;j;jk; tUk;. ,jw;F Kjypy; If vOjp gpwF Kjy; thf;fpaj;ij Past tense Mf khw;wNtz;Lk;. If tomorrow was a holiday vd;gJ tof;fj;jpy; ,y;iy vdNt If tomorrow were a holiday vd vOjNtz;Lk;. Kjy; thf;fpak; Kbe;jTld; Kw;Wg;Gs;spia vLj;Jtpl;L fhw;Gs;sp (fkh) ,lNtz;Lk;. gpwF ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpaj;jpy; would not Nghl Ntz;Lk;.
Kjy; thf;fpak; Present tense Negative. 2Mk; thf;fpak; Present tense Affirmative. tpilia Type 2-y; vOj Ntz;Lk;. not te;jhy; mij vLj;J tplTk;. tutpy;iy vdpy; Jiz verbf;FKd; not NghlTk; Tomorrow is not a holiday . I go to school.
If tomorrow were a holiday , I would not go to school. Fwpg;G: Kjy; thf;fpaj;jpy; ,Ue;j not ePf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gijAk; ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpaj;jpy; not Nru;f;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gijAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;f. Answer 2 : If tomorrow were a holiday, I would not go to school. ehis tpLKiwahf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;> ehd; gs;sp nry;yhJ ,Ug;Ngd;. [email protected] - 214 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Question 3 : He is busy. He doesn‘t attend the meeting. “mtd; gp]pahf ,Uf;fpwhd;. mtd; ,e;j $l;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhs;stpy;iy.” vd $wg;gLtjhy; ,jw;FNky; fw;gidahfj;jhd; epge;jidia mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. „mtd; gp]pahf ,y;yhJ ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; mtd; ,e;j $l;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhz;bUg;ghd;‟ vd;Wjhd; epge;jidia mjhtJ Type2-y;jhd; mikf;f KbAk;. mg;NghJjhd; „mtd; gp]pahf ,Uf;fpwhd;. mtd; ,e;j $l;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhs;stpy;iy.‟ vd;w mu;j;jk; tUk;. ,jw;F Kjypy; If vOjp gpwF Kjy; thf;fpaj;ij Past tense Mf khw;wNtz;Lk;. If he was not busy vd;gJ tof;fj;jpy; ,y;iy vdNt If he were not busy vd vOjNtz;Lk;. Kjy; thf;fpak; Kbe;jTld; Kw;Wg;Gs;spia vLj;Jtpl;L fhw;Gs;sp (fkh) ,lNtz;Lk;. gpwF ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s does not-I vLj;Jtpl;L would Nghl Ntz;Lk;. Kjy; thf;fpak; Present tense Affirmative. 2Mk; thf;fpak; Present tense Negative. tpilia Type 2-y; vOj Ntz;Lk;. not te;jhy; mij vLj;J tplTk;. tutpy;iy vdpy; Jiz verbf;FKd; not NghlTk; He is busy . He doesn‘t attend the meeting.
If he were not busy , he would attend the meeting. Fwpg;G: Kjy; thf;fpaj;jpy; ,Ue;j not Nru;f;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gijAk; ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpaj;jpy; not ePf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gijAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;f. Answer 3 : If he were not busy, he would attend the meeting. mtd; gp]pahf ,y;yhJ ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; mtd; ,e;j $l;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhz;bUg;ghd;
Type 2 - Exercises: 1. She doesn‘t ask me. I don‘t help her. 1. If she asked me, I would help her. 2. He is short. He is not selected. 2. If he were not short, he would be selected. 3. I don‘t win a lottery. I don‘t buy a bungalow. 3. If I won a lottery. I would buy a bungalow. 4. They don‘t sleep well. They get less marks. 4. If they slept well, they would not get less marks. 5. Raja don‘t have more money. He don‘t help the poor. 5. If Raja had more money, he would help the poor.
Type – 3 Question 1 : I forgot the answer. I lost marks. „ehd; tpilia kwe;Jtpl;Nld;. ehd; kjpg;ngz;fis ,oe;J tpl;Nld;‟ vd;W $Wk;NghJ ehd; Vw;fdNt kjpg;ngz;fis ,oe;Jtpl;lJ cWjpahfpwJ. vdNt „ehd; (xUNtis) tpilia kwf;fhJ ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; ehd; kjpg;ngz;fis ,oe;jpUf;f khl;Nld;.‟ vd;Wjhd; epge;jidia mjhtJ Type3-y;jhd; mikf;f KbAk;. mg;NghJjhd; „ehd; tpilia kwe;Jtpl;Nld;. ehd; kjpg;ngz;iz ,oe;J tpl;Nld;;‟ vd;w mu;j;jk; tUk;. ,jw;F Kjypy; If vOjp gpwF Kjy; thf;fpaj;ij Past perfect tense Mf khw;wNtz;Lk;. Kjy; thf;fpak; Kbe;jTld; Kw;Wg;Gs;spia vLj;Jtpl;L fhw;Gs;sp (fkh) ,lNtz;Lk;. gpwF ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpaj;jpy; would have Nghl Ntz;Lk;. thf;fpak; negative Mf khWtjhy; ,uz;bYk; not NghlNtz;Lk;. 2 thf;fpaq;fSk; Past tense Affirmative. tpilia Type 3-y; vOj Ntz;Lk;. I forgot the answer . I lost marks.
If I had not forgotten the answer , I would not have lost marks. Answer 1 : If I had not forgotten the answer, I would not have lost marks. ehd; tpilia kwf;fhJ ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;> ehd; kjpg;ngz;fis ,oe;jpUe;jpUf;fkhl;Nld;
Question 2 : I did not get up early. I did not attend the meeting “ehd; (fhiy) Kd;djhf vOe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. ehd; me;j $l;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhs;stpy;iy.” vd;W $Wk;NghJ fhiy rPf;fpuk; vohjjhy; $l;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhs;s Kbahky;NghdJ cWjpahfpwJ. vdNt „ehd; rPf;fpuk; vOe;jpUe;jpUe;jhy; me;j $l;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhz;bUe;jpUg;Ngd;‟ vd;Wjhd; epge;jidia mjhtJ Type3-y;jhd; mikf;f KbAk;. mg;NghJjhd; „ehd; rPf;fpuk; votpy;iy. ehd; me;j $l;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhs;s Kbatpy;iy‟ vd;w mu;j;jk; tUk;. ,jw;F Kjypy; If vOjp gpwF Kjy; thf;fpaj;ij Past perfect tense Mf khw;wNtz;Lk;. ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpaj;jpy; could have Nghl Ntz;Lk;. (,e;j thf;fpaj;jpw;F would have–I tpl could have nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;.) thf;fpak; positive Mf khWtjhy; ,uz;bYk; not-I vLj;J tplNtz;Lk;. 2 thf;fpaq;fSk; Past tense Negative. tpilia Type 3-y; vOj Ntz;Lk;. I did not get up early . I did not attend the meeting
If I had got up early , I could have attended the meeting. Answer 2 : If I had got up early, I could have attended the meeting. ehd; mjpfhiyapy; vOe;jpUe;jpUe;jhy;> ehd; me;j $l;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhz;Ltpl;bUg;Ngd;
[email protected] - 215 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Question 3 : He did not go to school. He missed his lessons. “mtd; gs;sp nry;ytpy;iy. mtd; ghlq;fis ,oe;jhd;.” vd;W $Wk;NghJ gs;sp nry;yhjjhy; ghlq;fis ,oe;Jtpl;lJ cWjpahfpwJ. vdNt „mtd; gs;sp nrd;wpUe;jpe;jpUe;jhy; ghlq;fis ,oe;jpUe;jpUf;fkhl;lhd;‟ vd;Wjhd; epge;jidia mjhtJ Type3-y;jhd; mikf;f KbAk;. mg;NghJjhd; „mtd; gs;sp nry;ytpy;iy. ghlq;fis ,oe;Jtpl;lhd;‟ vd;w mu;j;jk; tUk;. ,jw;F Kjypy; If vOjp gpwF Kjy; thf;fpaj;ij Past perfect tense Mf khw;wNtz;Lk;. ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpaj;jpy; would not have Nghl Ntz;Lk;. Kjy; thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s not-I vLj;J tplNtz;Lk;. ,uz;lhtJ thf;fpaj;jpy; not-I Nru;f;fNtz;Lk;.
1 thf;fpak ; Past tense Affirmative. 1 thf;fpak; Past tense Negative. tpilia Type 3-y; vOj Ntz;Lk;. He did not go to school . He missed his lessons.
If he had gone to school , he would not have missed his lessons. Answer 3 : If he had gone to school, he would not have missed his lessons. mtd; gs;sp nrd;wpUe;jpUe;jhy;> mtd; ghlq;fis ,oe;jpUe;jpUf;f khl;lhd;.
Type 3 - Exercise: 1. Bama told the news. Janaki was shocked. Answer: 2. Madhan ran slowly. He did not catch the thief. 1. If Bama had not told the news, Janaki would not have been 3. They didn‘t pay the fees. They were sent out. shocked. 4. Rahim was not well. He did not go to school. 2. If Madhan had not run slowly, he would have caught the thief. 5. Peter was careless. He met with an accident. If Madhan had run fast, he would have caught the thief. 3. If they had paid the fees, they would not have been sent out. 4. If Rahim had been well, he would have gone to school. 5. If Peter had not been careless, he would not have met with an accident.
RUf;fkhf epidtpy; nfhs;s: Kjy; thf;fpak; ,uz;lhk; thf;fpak; tpil If clause Main clause
Present-Positive Present-Positive Present-Positive Future-Possitive Type 1 Fwpg;G: Present-Positive Future-Negative * Type1-y; tpil vOj Ntz;bait Present-Positive Present-Negative jtpu kw;witfSf;F not ,Ue;jhy; mjid vLj;J tplTk; not Present-Negative Present-Positive Type 2 ,y;iynad;why; not NghlTk;. Present-Negative Present-Negative Past-Positive Past-Positive Past-Positive Past-Negative Type 3 Past-Negative Past-Positive Past-Negative Past-Negative
nky;yf; fw;NghUf;fhd nra;Kiw:
Nfs;tpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l ,uz;L thf;fpaq;fs;py; Kjy; thf;fpaj;jpd; njhlf;fj;jpy; If NghlTk;.
Kjy; thf;fpaj;jpy; verb-d; tense-I fz;Lgpbf;fTk;.
mjw;Fj; jFe;jhw;Nghy ,uz;lhk; thf;fpaj;jpDila verb-I gpd;tUkhW khw;wTk;. Kjy; gFjpapy; Present ,Ue;jhy; ,uz;lhtJ gFjpapy; will. Kjy; gFjpapy; Past ,Ue;jhy; ,uz;lhtJ gFjpapy; would. Kjy; gFjpapy; Past Perfect (had+V3) ,Ue;jhy; ,uz;lhtJ gFjpapy; would have.
[email protected] - 216 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Exercise: From the context of the two sentences given below form a single sentence using „If ‟ clause: 1. Sita studies well. She passes the exam. Answers: 2. You waste water. You suffer. 1. If Sita studies well, she will pass the exam. 3. It rains. I shall get wet. 2. If you waste water, you will suffer. 4. The glass falls. The glass breaks. 3. If it rains, I shall(will) get wet. 5. Run fast. You can catch the bus. 4. If the glass falls, it will break. 6. You are tired. You take rest. 5. If you run fast, you will catch the bus. 7. The mother prepares the food. The 6. If you are tired, you can take rest. daughter lays the table ready. 7. If the mother prepares the food, the daughter will lay the table ready. 8. Raju did not study well. He did not pass. 8.If Raju had studied well, he would have passed in the exam. 9. Heat the ice. It will melt. 9.If you heat the ice, it melts. 10. Work hard. You will pass in the exam. 10. If you work had, you will pass in the exam. Fwpg;G: fl;lis thf;fpaq;fSf;F khw;wq;fs; Njitapy;iy. If you Nghl;lhy; NghJk;. Subject ,y;iynadpy; You-it Subject Mfg; gad;gLj;J. v.fh. tpdhvz; 5>9>10
Activity: Combine the following sentences using 'if or 'unless': 1 . Take this medicine regularly. You will recover soon. If you take this medicine regularly, you will recover soon. 2. 1 am not a king. I cannot live in a palace. If I were a king, I would live in a palace. 3. Hari entered the exam hall late. He could not finish his exam in time. If Hari had not entered the exam hall late, he could have finished his exam in time. 4. Take vegetables raw. You will remain healthy. If you take vegetables raw, you will remain healthy. 5. Read newspapers daily. You will develop your knowledge. If you read newspapers daily, you will develop your knowledge.
Term-3 Model Question Exercise: From the context of the two sentences given below form a single sentence using ‗If‘. Clause. He answered wrongly. He was not selected. Answer: If he hadn‘t answered wrongly, he would have selected.
xiii) Degrees of Comparison (Term 2 Exam Ref: Term2 book – unit2) There are three degrees for comparison. (%d;W tpjkhd xg;gPLfs; cs;sd) 1. Positive degree – Ramu is as tall as Ravi uhK utpiag; NghyNt caukhf ,Uf;fpwhd; 2. Comparative degree – Ramu is taller than others. uhK kw;wtu;fis tpl caukhf ,Uf;fpwhd; 3. Superlative degree – Ramu is the tallest of all. uhKjhd; midtupYk; caukhdtd;
Forms of adjectives: Positive Comparative Superlative Degrees-mikg;G ,g;gbj;jhd; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; One syllable Type Superlative Comparative Positive tall taller tallest ……er than..(or) …not so short shorter shortest Type 1 … more… than ... ..as… big bigger biggest (2 things) No superlative not…er… than (or) brave braver bravest as…as... thin thinner thinnest not more.. than old older oldest Type 2 the … est (or) …er than any (all) No Two syllables (‗the‘ the most… other… (or) more other.... is funny funnier funniest type) …than any other as...as clever cleverer cleverest one of the …est ...er than heavy heavier heaviest Type 3 (or) many/most other… Very few Multi syllabic (‗one of one of the most (or) ...are useful more useful most useful the‘ type) …. more… than as…..as beautiful more beautiful most beautiful many/most other Irregular good better best bad worse worst
[email protected] - 217 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Examples Type 1. Type2. Type3. (,U nghUl;fis xg;gpLtJ) (xg;gPL mw;wJ – kpf cau;e;jJ) (kpf cau;e;jtw;wpy; ,JTk; xd;W) -----(no superlative)------Ravi is the tallest boy in the class. Ravi is one of the tallest boys in the class. Ravi is taller than Raju. Ravi is taller than any other boy in the class. Ravi is taller than many other boys in the class. Raju is not so tall as Ravi. No other boy in the class is as tall as Ravi. Very few boys are as tall as Ravi.
gyUila tptuq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mjid gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L VNjDk; xU degreeIf; nfhz;l thf;fpak; vOjNtz;Lk;.
fPo;f;fhZk; Kiwapy; Superlative & Comparative degree-I vspjhf vOjyhk;. Superlative Subject + verb + the + adj+est + other part of sentence most + adj
John is the tallest boy in our class
Comparative
Subject + verb + adj+e r + than + object more + adj
John is taller than Rahim
vspa Kiw: 1. nfhLj;Js;stw;wpy; kpf mjpfkhdijAk;(1) mLj;Js;s mjpfkhdijAk;(2) gpd;tUkhW xg;gpl;L tplyhk; ----(1)--- is taller than ----(2)----- Example: Mohan is taller than Prem.
2. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tptuq;fspy; Adjective (tall, short, old, long, deep, high, costly…) jutpy;iynadpy; more than vd;w Adjective-I gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;syhk;.
3. taijf; Fwpf;f old vd;w Adjective te;jhy; comparative-y; elder, Superlative-y; eldest vd vOjTk;.
Exercise: 1. Read the following sentences about a group of girls 4. Read the following sentences and write an and write your observation in a single sentence using observation in a single sentence using any one of any one of the degrees of comparison. the degrees of comparison a) Chandrika is 5 feet tall. b) Deepa is 5.2 feet tall. Chennai 40 o C Vellore 42 o C c) Naveena is 5.2 feet tall. d) Pushpa is 5.5 feet tall. Madurai 39 o C Coimbatore 38 o C e) Punitha is 6 feet tall. Trichy 37o C
2. Read the following sentences about Teresa's friends 5. Read the following sentences and write an and write your observation in a single sentence using observation in a single sentence using any one of any one of the degrees of comparison. the degrees of comparison a) Teresa's weight is 60 kilograms. Village roads 12 feet wide. b) Jessy's weight is 48 kilograms. City corporation 35 feet wide. c) Charles' weight is 62 kilograms. Municipality 30 feet wide. d) Joy's weight is 39 kilograms. State highways 40 feet wide. e) Joe's weight is 52 kilograms. National highways 60 feet wide.
3. Read the following sentences about Hari‘s family 6. Read the following sentences about costs of common and write an observation in a single sentence vegetables and write an observation in a single using any one of the degrees of comparison. sentence using any one of the degrees of comparison Hari is 14 years old The cost of brinjal is Rs. 30/kg Suresh is 16 years old The cost of Onion is Rs. 45/kg Prabhu is 14 years old The cost of bitterguard is Rs. 25/kg John is 12 years old The cost of tomato is Rs. 23/kg Anwar is 10 years old The cost of potato is Rs. 40/kg [email protected] - 218 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success 1. Punitha is taller than Chandrika.* 2. Charles‟ weight is more than Joy‟s weight.* 3. Suresh is elder than Hari. 4. Vellore is hotter than Trichy. (m) Vellore is the hottest city. 5. National Highways is wider than village roads. (m) National Highways is the widest of all other roads. 6. Onion is costlier than potato. (my;yJ) The cost of onion is more than tomato (m) Onion is the costliest of all. *(xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; VNjDk; xU thf;fpaj;ij kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;)
Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Read the following sentences about Kavitha‘s friends and write an observation in a single sentence using any one of the degrees of comparison Kavitha is 140 cms tall. Malar is 150 cms tall. Rukmani is 152 cms tall. Selvi is 155 cms tall. Answer: Selvi is taller than Kavitha. b) vii) Punctuation (Exam: Term 1,2,3 \ Ref: Term1book-Unit1) 4 ngupa vOj;J> Kw;Wg;Gs;sp> fhw;Gs;sp> miug;Gs;sp> Nfs;tpf;Fwp> Mr;rupaf;Fwp -,tw;iw Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ,LtNj ,g;gapw;rp. 1 Start with capital letter ( A, B, C, D ……Z) Kjy; vOj;ij capital vOj;jhf;F. 2 Names (Person, place, month, day) – start with capital letter. ngau;fspd; Kjy; vOj;ij Nfg;gplyhf;F 3 i jdpahf te;jhy; Nfg;gplyhf;F(I) im te;jhy; I‟m vd khw;W. iveI‟ve; illI‟ll; idI‟d 4 Comma ( , ) for list of things. mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; nghUl;fs; te;jhy; fkh > NghL. 5 czh;r;rpfisj; njhptpf;Fk; thf;fpaq;fs;> thu;j;ijfspd; ,Wjpapy; tpag;Gf;Fwp (!) ,Lf O! Ah! Oh! Hurrah! Alas! What an idea! 6 Direct speech tUk;NghJ> fPo;fhZk; tifapy; mikAk; He said, ― …………………..‖ Ram asked, ― ………………..‖ ― …………..‖ Rahim said. Ram exclaimed, ― ……………‖ Ram regretted, ― …………….‖ ― …………..‖ said Robert. $wg;gLk; nra;jpahdJ “…………..”-y; mikAk;. 7 Apostrophe (‟) Nkw;Nfhs;Fwp tpLgl;l vOj;Jf;fisf; fhl;lTk; vz;fs;> vOj;Jf;fspd; gd;ik fhl;lTk; Noun-d; cilikia Fwpf;fTk; Nkw;Nfhs;Fwp gad;gLfpwJ. (v.fh): i) Add two 3‘s and five 4‘s ii) Anitha‘s bicycle. iii) Don‘t, iv) Doesn‘t 8 Statement sentence (nra;jp thf;fpaq;fs;)> Imperative sentence (fl;lis thf;fpaq;fs;) Mfpatw;wpd; ,Wjpapy; (.) Kw;Wg;Gs;sp ,Lf. (v.fh) i) Vivek writes well. ii) Shut the door. 9 Nfs;tp thf;fpaq;fspd; ,Wjpapy; Nfs;tpf;Fwp ? ,l Ntz;Lk;.(‗Wh‘ qns/Yes or No Qns;.) (v.fh) i) What is your name? ii) Have you finished your work?
Exercises - Punctuate the following sentence: Answers: 1. anand said sarathy you have done a good job 1. Anand said Sarathy, “You have done a good job.” 2. children enjoyed watching the film didnt they 2. Children enjoyed watching the film, didn‟t they? 3. unless john learns driving he cannot impress his boss 3. Unless John learns driving, he cannot impress his boss. 4. how pleasant the weather is today 4. “How pleasant the weather is today!” 5. congratulations i heard you ve got a job in singapore 5. “Congratulations! I heard you‟ve got a job in Singapore.” 6. nagaraj said to his father will you allow me to go on an 6. Nagaraj said to his father, “Will you allow me to go on an excursion to kerala excursion to Kerala?” 7. help i m drowning 7. “Help! I‟m drowning!” 8. The teacher said, “Be sure to turn off the lights when you 8. the teacher said be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the room.” leave the room 9. “Gee! What happened to you?” 9. gee what happened to you 10. “What! You told that old beggar all my private affairs?” 10. what you told that old beggar all my private affairs cried Hughie looking very red and angry. cried hughie looking very red and angry
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Punctuate: what does that mean she yelled Answer: ―What does that mean?‖ She yelled.
[email protected] - 219 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Punctuate: the girls were playing in the park Answer: The girls were playing in the park.
Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Punctuate the following sentence. hic hic all our attention turned towards kaushik who was eating his food hastily Answer: ―Hic! Hic!‖ All our attention turned towards Kaushik who was eating his food hastily.
Section III
Qn : English
5 & 6 PROSE – 10 Marks I
,e;jg;gFjpapy; 2 gpupTfs; cs;sd. 5) Prose Questions. (ghlg;gFjp tpdhf;fs;-3 out of 4) 3 x 2 = 6 6) Paragraph (xU gj;jp tpdh 1 out of 3) 1 x 4 = 4 Kjy; gFjpapy ; 4 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mtw;wpy; 3 tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; gjpy; mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;. ,uz;lhk ; gFjp ; ngU tpdh gpupthFk;. 3 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mtw;wpy; xd;Wf;F kl;Lk; gjpy; vOj Ntz;Lk;.
nkhj;j kjpg;ngz;fs; 10 MFk;. ,e;jg; gFjpapy; Nfl;fg;gLk; tpdhf;fis rupahf vOj Prose gFjpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; tpdh-tpilfis ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;.
5. Book Questions. (3/4) - Refer in Prose Section 3 x 2 = 6
6. (a or b or c) Paragraph ( 1/3) - Refer in Prose Section 1 x 4 = 4
Section IV
Qn : POETRY – 10 Marks English 7 - 9 I
,e;jg;gFjpapy; 3 gpupTfs; cs;sd.
7) Quote from memory (kdg;ghlgFjp-1 out of 2) - 3 lines 3 x 1 = 3 8) Poem Comprehension/Appreciation (ghly; tpdhf;fs;-3) 3 x 1 = 3 9) Poem Paragraph (ghly; - ngU tpdh - 1 out of 2) 1 x 4 = 4
nkhj;jk; 10 kjpg;ngz;fs;. tpdh vz; 7-y; kdg;ghl ghly; tupfs; Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,uz;by; xd;iw vOj Ntz;Lk; 3 tupfSf;F 3 kjpg;ngz;fs;. ,jw;F Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;s kdg;ghl ghly; tupfis ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tpdh vz; 8-y;; ghly; tupfisf; nfhLj;J mJ rk;ge;jkhd tpdhf;fs; kw;Wk; ,yf;fpa eaq;fis Nfl;bUg;ghu;fs;. 3 tpdhf;fSf;F 3 kjpg;ngz;fs;. tpdh vz; 9-y; ; ghly; rk;ge;jkhd ngUtpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. nfhLf;fg;gl;l %d;W tpdhf;fspy; xd;Wf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;. 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;.
,it midj;jpw;Fk; Poetry gFjpia ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;
7. (a or b) Quote from memory(1/2) – Refer Poetry section 1x3= 3 8. (a, b, c) Poem Comprehension – Refer Poetry section 3x1= 3 9. (a or b or c) Paragraph (1/ 2 ) – Refer Poetry section 1x4= 4
[email protected] - 220 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Section V
Qn : English 10 & 11 Language Function s – 10 Marks I
,e;jg;gFjpapy; 2 gpupTfs; cs;sd.
10) Picture Comprehension (glk; Gupe;Jzu; tpdh) 5 x 1 = 5 11) Correcting the errors (jtWfis jpUj;Jjy;) 5 x 1 = 5
,e;j gFjpapy; Picture Comprehension (glk; ghu;j;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspj;jy;); Error spotting (jtWfisj; jpUj;Jjy;) Mfpa tpdhf;fs; cs;sd. ,it xt;nthd;wpYk; 5 tpdhf;fs; tPjk; nkhj;jk; 10 tpdhf;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. xt;nthU tpdhTf;Fk; 1 kjpg;ngz;fs; tPjk; nkhj;jk; 10 kjpg;ngz;fs;.
10. Picture Comprehension (Term 1,2,3 Exam ): ,e;j tpdhTf;F tpilaspf;Fk; NghJ glj;jpid ed;F cw;W Nehf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjpy; cs;s egu;fs;> nghUs;fs; kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;fis ed;F ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpwF tpdhf;fis ed;F thrpj;J mjw;Fj; jFe;j tpilfis mspf;fNtz;Lk;.
Exercise – 1 a) What do you see in this picture? b) In what season do you normally see trees without leaves? c) Suggest one reason why there are only some trees with leaves in this picture? d) Give your views on how to prevent loss of trees on our earth. e) If you change this picture, what would you add or take away?
Exercise – 2:
a) What do you see in the picture? b) What is the teacher doing? c) Do you think the children are enjoying the class? Why do you say so? d) When will you enjoy a class? e) What makes the classroom situation healthy?
Exercise – 3:
a) Which water is salty – sea water or river water? b) Is the sea calm or rough? c) Where does the river flow from? d) What are sailing in the sea? e) How many trees are there in the second picture?
Exercise – 4: a) Where are the children? b) What living creatures do you see in this picture? c) Do you think this is a well-maintained garden? Give a reason for your answer. d) What are the benefits of having a garden? e) State True or False: This is not a natural picture of garden.
[email protected] - 221 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success
Answers:Exercise-1: a) I see a forest/ trees with leaves/ trees without leaves/clouds/ sun in this picture.* b) I see trees without leaves during autumn season.* c) Because they retain water. / It may be the end of autumn season or post autumn season. / They may be evergreen trees. / Few trees will not shed their leaves during that season. * d) By planting more trees/ By advising people not to cut down trees*. e) I would take the sun away and add leaves to the trees*.
Exercise-2: a) I see a classroom and a teacher with students.* b) The teacher is teaching a lesson.* c) Yes. They are observing the class interestingly.* d) I will enjoy when the teacher teaches the lessons through demonstration, songs and stories.* e) Teachers‟ skill and students‟ co-operation makes the class room situation healthy.*
Exercise-3: a) The sea water is salty. b) The sea is rough. c) The river flows from a mountain. d) A ship and two boats are sailing in the sea. e) There are five trees in the second picture.
Exercise-4: a) The children are in the garden. b) Squirrel, butterfly, birds, trees and plants. c) Yes, this is a well maintained garden, because it is fenced, flowering pots are arranged properly and garden looks clean. d) We get fresh air. We can have a nice time in the garden. Gardening is a good hobby. It gives pleasure, we get beautiful flowers and fruits from the garden. It gives peace of mind. e) This is not a natural picture of garden – True.
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Look at the picture and answer questions 5 Questions : i) What scene is depicted in this picture? ii) Name some of the activities you find in this picture. iii) Mention the animals you find in this picture. iv) Name the play things you see in this picture. v) Suggest a suitable title to this scene. Answers: 1 . A park is depicted in this picture. 2 . Playing, Boat riding, walking 3 . Dog and cat. 4. Balloons and toys 5. A park.*
Term-2 Model Question Exercise: Look at the picture and answer the questions 5 Questions : i) What do you see in this picture? ii) How many persons are there here? iii) What are they doing? iv) Is it a right place to spend time? v) Nowadays we lost this habit. Comment on this statement.
Answers: i) I see a book shop ii) There are 2 persons iii) They are reading books iv) Yes v) I accept this. We mostly spent time with TV
Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Look at the picture and answer the following questions. 5X1=5
i) What do you see in this picture? ii) Who are in uniform? iii) What is the danger do you see in this picture? iv) Is it advisable doing like this? v) What advice would you give if your friends do like this?
[email protected] - 222 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Answers: i) Some students are standing at the footboard in a bus. The Police men instructed them to go inside. ii) They are Police men. iii) Students in the footboard may fell from the bus. iv) No. It is not advisable to stand in footboard. v) Our parents love us so much. They want us to be safe while travelling in the bus. We are also have lot of dreams in our life. We should not be trapped in a danger by doing like this. I will ask my friends to come inside the bus.
11. Correcting the errors (Term 1,2,3 Exam Ref: Term1book-Unit1):
nfhLf;fg;gl;l thf;fpaj;jpy; cs;s jtWfis jpUj;jp vOjNtz;Lk;
,e;j gapw;rpapy; 1) tense 2) singular-plural 3) degrees 4) articles 5) prepositions 6) conjunction 7) If clause 8) Phrases Mfpa jiyg;Gfspy; jtwhf thf;fpaq;fs; nfhLj;jpUg;ghu;fs;. ehk; mjid rupnra;a Ntz;Lk;
Type Wrong Sentence (jtW) Right Sentence (rup) Reason (fhuzk;) Many people behaves rudely Many people behave rudely Many people-plural vdNt verb - nowadays. nowadays. ypUe;J s–I ePf;fNtz;Lk; Money-Singular vdNt Money make many things. Money makes many things verb –cld; s– Nru;f;fNtz;Lk; Each of the cycles is damaged Each of the cycles - Singular vdNt Each of the cycles are damaged. (xt;nthU irf;fpSk; – NrjKw;W ,Uf;fpwJ) are I is-Mf khw;w Ntz;Lk; Cycles - Plural vdNt is–I are- Cycles is damaged. Cycles are damaged Mf khw;w Ntz;Lk; The furniture were displayed at The furniture was displayed at Furniture - Singular vdNt were– the showroom the showroom I was-Mf khw;wyhk; Neither the Secretary nor the Neither the secretary nor the nrayNuh/NkNd[Nuh-,J
Manager were available. manager is/was available. Singular vdNt ismy;yJwas
I hear a strange noise/ I am I hearing tuhJ I hear my;yJ I hearing a strange noise.
hearing a strange noise I am hearing-jhd; rup Tense He is having a large family. He has a large family has vd;gNj rup anyone-vd;gij Singular- Have any one seen my purse? Has any one seen my purse? Mfj;jhd; fUjNtz;Lk; last week-past tense vdNt saw I have seen the film last week. I saw the film last week vd;gNj rup She has been sleeping for five For five hours –present perfect She is sleeping for five hours. hours continuous vdNt ….. I would accept the offer if I was I would accept the offer if I ehd; ePahf ,Ue;jhy; you? were you? (you-f;F were) The police has made several The police have made several The police (NghyP]; ,dk;)-Plural arrests. arrests. vdNt have–jhd; rup No news are good news No news is good news News vd;gJ singular
We should helped the poor We should help the poor should-f;F gpwF present verb
–
One of the girl sang well One of the girls sang well ngz;fspy; xUtu; vd;gjhy; I received some informations I received some information ,jw;F plural fpilahJ
Plural irf;fps;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; Each of the cycle is damaged Each of the cycles is damaged
Singular vd;gjhy; Kala is tallest girl in the class Kala is the tallest girl in the class. …est -f;F Kd;dhy; the
My uncle is richest man in the My uncle is the richest man in superlative…est -f;F Kd;dhy; village. the village. the NghlNtz;Lk; Chennai is one of the biggest Chennai is one of the biggest ngupa efuq;fspy; xd;W vdNt Degrees city in India cities in India cities-Plural Nithya is taller to Nivi Nithya is taller than Nivi ..er-f;F gpwF than [email protected] - 223 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Ramu is a honest man. Ramu is an honest man. Vowel sound-f;F Kd;dhy; an A American lives near my house. An American lives near my house Vowel sound-f;F Kd;dhy; an He joined an European He joined a European A-consonant sound vdNt a University. University. European –jhd; rup He started to USA yesterday. He started to the USA yesterday. ehl;Lf;F Kd;dhy; the
Articles Do you know which is world‘s Do you know which is the xNu cyfk; vdNt the world– tallest building? world‘s tallest building? jhd; rup He is good athlete. He performs He is a good athlete. He mtd; xU(a) ey;y tpisahl;L well performs well tPud;
The dog fell along the river. The dog fell into the river. cs;Ns - into I prefer coffee than tea. I prefer coffee to tea. fhg;gpf;F B - to He told to me a story. He told me a story. to -Njitaw;wJ He is suffering with typhoid He is suffering from typhoid ilgha;L %ykhf (from) cd;dpy; ek;gpf;if itf;fpNwd; Prepositions I place great confidence on you I place great confidence in you in you-jhd; rup
Though he is rich, he is Though he is rich but he is Though, but ,uz;Lk; tuf; unhappy / He is rich but he is unhappy. $lhJ xd;Wjhd; tuNtz;Lk; unhappy. Looking through the window- Looking through the window Looking through the window, phrase mjw;;F gpwF kPz;Lk; and Conjuctions and he saw the stranger. he saw the stranger Njitapy;iy
If I were a bird I would have If clause-y; past tUk; NghJ If I were a bird I would escape. escaped. would-jhd; NghlNtz;Lk; If If If you had worked hard, you If you had worked hard, you If clause-y; past perfect tUk; Clause would pass would have passed NghJ would have-jhd; rup
We did not reject the proposal, We neither rejected the Neither…nor…,J xU phrase nor we accepted it proposal; nor did we accept it. ,q;F ,JNt Kiw Instead of the rain the match In spite of the rain the match kio nga;j NghJk; - In spite Phrases continued continued of -jhd; rup
Tips for slow learners: 1. …est –y; KbAk; thu;j;ijfSf;F Kd;dhy; the Nru;j;J vOJf. 2. is te;jhy; are vdTk; are te;jhy; is vdTk; khw;Wf. 3. was te;jhy; were vdTk; were te;jhy; was vdTk; khw;Wf. 4. a te;jhy; an vdTk; an te;jhy; a vdTk; khw;Wf. 5. verb, noun - s y; Kbe;jpUe;jhy; mij ePf;Ff. s ,y;iynad;why; Nru;j;JtpLf. 6. ‗than‘ te;jhy; mij vLj;J tpl;L to NghlTk;. 7. ‗one of the my;yJ one of these my;yJ each of the te;jhy; mjw;Fg; gpd;dhy; cs;s thu;j;ijAld; s Nru;j;J plural-Mf vOJf. 8. ‗one of the my;yJ one of these my;yJ each of the te;J mjw;Fg; gpd;dhy; cs;s thu;j;ijAld; s Nru;e;J te;J mjw;Fg;gpwF are-te;jhy; is-vdTk;> were-te;jhy; was- vdTk; khw;wp vOJf.
Exercise: Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences: 1. I met an European. 1. I met a European (ju:-A vd;W nka;nahypapy; njhlq;Ftjhy;) 2. Geetha‘s father is a M.L.A 2. Geetha‟s father is an M.L.A. (vk; vd;gJ capnuhyp) 3. They are going to Himalayas. 3. They are going to the Himalayas. (rpwg;Gg; ngaUf;F Kd;dhy; the) 4. Raghu prefers milk than tea. 4. Raghu prefers milk to tea. (ghYf;F B vdNt to ) 5. A bunch of keys were found in my car. 5. A bunch of keys was found in my car. (rhtpf;nfhj;J xUik) 6. One of the boys looks happy. (igad;fspy; xUtd;) 6. One of the boy looks happy. 7. We bought furniture for the office. (furniture-f;F gd;ikAk; mJNt) 7. We bought furnitures for the office. 8. My father is an honest man. (Md];l; - capnuhyp njhlf;fk;) 8. My father is a honest man. 9. Mathematics is my favourite subject. (mathematics – xUik) 9. Mathematics are my favourite subject. 10. Ramu wanted a one rupee coin. (td;- nka;nahyp njhlf;fk;) 10. Ramu wanted an one rupee coin.
[email protected] - 224 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success Exercises for Practice: Exercise-1 Exercise-1: a) It is an university a) It is a university. b) He is a MBBS doctor. b) He is an MBBS doctor. c) Veni prefers coffee than tea. c) Veni prefers coffee to tea. d) He went to Taj Mahal. d) He went to the Taj Mahal. e) She is collecting data. e) She is collecting datas.
Exercise – 2 Exercise-2: a) The elephant is largest living animal on land. a) The elephant is the largest living animal on land. b) Neither Senthil nor Sree are available. b) Neither Senthil nor Sree (is/was) available. c) Though he is ill, he is present. / c) Though he is ill but he is present. He is ill but he is present. d) I prefer milk than tea. d) I prefer milk to tea. e) Stephen drive as rashly as Rafi. e) Stephen drives as rashly as Rafi.
Exercise – 3: Exercise-3: a) Time and tide waits for no man. a) Time and tide wait for no man. b) The dog fell along the river. b) The dog fell into the river. c) A American lives near my house. c) An American lives near my house. d) He left this place a hour ago. d) He left this place an hour ago. e) Each of the cycles is damaged. e) Each of the cycles are damaged.
Exercise – 4 : Exercise-4: a) One of these cycles are defective a) One of these cycles is defective. b) A kind teacher always makes us learn better. b) A kind teacher always makes us to learn better c) I have great confidence in you. c) I have great confidence on you. d) Neither the secretary nor the manager was available. d) Neither the secretary nor the manager were available. e) My uncle is the richest man in the village. e) My uncle is richest man in the village.
Term-1 Model Question Exercise: Spot the error and rewrite correctly: 5x1=5 i) Sitting near the window and he saw the crow. i) Sitting near the window, he saw the crow. ii) The school coir sang the song. ii) The school choir sang the song. iii) The boy said that he will come. iii) The boy said that he would come. iv) He is an European. iv) He is a European. v)I prefer coffee than tea. v) I prefer coffee to tea.
Term-2 Model Question Exercise: 5x1=5 i) She said that she will come i) She said that she would come. ii) News are read everyday. ii) News is read every day. iii) Everyone know the answer iii) Everyone knows the answer iv) She has been written since morning. iv) She has been writing since morning. v) It is an universal truth. v) It is a universal truth.
Term-3 Model Question Exercise: Spot the error and write down the sentence correctly. 5x1=5 i) If I were a bird I will fly. i) If I were a bird I would fly. ii) Sitting near the window and he saw the crowd. ii) Sitting near the window, he saw the crowd. iii) I prefer coffee than tea iii) I prefer coffee to tea. iv) He is senior than me. iv) He is senior to me. v) He is one of the best boy in the class. v) He is one of the best boys in the class.
[email protected] - 225 - www.waytosuccess.org
9th English (1, 2 & 3 Terms) English I Paper Contents Way to success - Notes -
[email protected] - 226 - www.waytosuccess.org