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Along the Royal Roads to Angkor
Chapter Four The Royal Roads of King Jayavarman VII and its Architectural Remains 4.1 King Jayavarman VII’s Royal Roads 4.1.1 General Information Jayavarman VII’s Royal Roads was believed (by many scholars) to be built in the era of Jayavarman VII who ruled Khmer empire between AD 1812 – 1218. The road network not only cover the area of the modern-day Cambodia but also the large areas of the present Laos, Thailand and Vietnam that were under the control of the empire as well. As demonstrated by Ooi Keat Gin in Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopeida from Angkor Wat to East Timor Volume Two; highways were built—straight, stone-paved roads running across hundreds of kilometers, raised above the flood level, with stone bridges across rivers and lined with rest houses every 15 kilometers. Parts of some roads are still visible, even serving as the bed for modern roads. From the capital city, Angkor, there were at least two roads to the east and two to the west. One of the latter ran across the Dangrek Mountains to Phimai and another went due west toward Sisophon, which means toward the only lowland pass from Cambodia into eastern Thailand in the direction of Lopburi or Ayutthaya. Toward the east, one road has been traced almost to the Mekong, and according to an inscription in which these roads are described, it may continue as far as the capital of Champa1 1 Ooi. (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopeida from Angkor Wat to East Timor Volume Two, (California: ABC-CLIO.inc.) pg. -
Original Anothai.Pmd
Chula Med J Vol. 64 No. 1 January - March 2020;29-37 DOI : 10.14456/clmj.2020.4 Original article Incidences and characteristics of monkey-related injuries among locals and tourists in Mueng District, Lopburi Province, 2013 - 2017 Anothai Juttuporna, Sarunya Hengprapromb*, Thanapoom Rattananupongb aProgram in Health Research and Management, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand bDepartment of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Background: Conflicts between monkeys and humans are increasing, mainly because of urbanization and deforestation. Mueng district of Lopburi Province is one of the greatest conflict areas in Thailand, where public health concerns of zoonoses transmission from monkey - bites and scratches are high. Currently, there is no epidemiological research of monkey-related injuries in Thailand. Objectives: The purposes of this study were to determine the incidence of monkey-related injuries and investigate the trends and characteristics of the injured cases in Mueng District, Lopburi Province, in 2013 - 2017. Methods: A cross - sectional analytical study was conducted to compare monkey-related injuries and investigate the incidences between locals, Thai, and foreign tourists by collecting secondary data from medical records in 3 hospitals in the study area. The cumulative incidences were used to calculate relative risk between the tourists and the locals. The characteristics of the injury cases are presented by frequency and percentage. Results: Yearly incidences of locals, Thais, and foreign tourists were in the ranges of 9.16 - 18.33, 190.16 - 379.13, and 254.07 – 736.91 per 100,000 population, respectively. The trend of injury was remarkably higher in foreign tourists. -
Long-Term Strategies for Thai Heritage Preservation: Civil Roles in Lopburi Province
Long-term Strategies for Thai Heritage Preservation: Civil Roles in Lopburi Province Phuthorn Bhumadhon I strongly believe that, at present, the preservation of Thai heritage (by which I particularly mean physical sites such as religious monuments, communal buildings, historical sites and ancient artifacts, which should be taken care of by everyone including the responsible governmental agencies) is in a critical and problematic state. Thai people fail to preserve the value of cultural heritage to hand down to future generations. Instead, they allow it to be encroached upon and damaged for the sake of infrastructure development such as roads, irrigation canals and dams. The problems are many: expansion of settlements; lack of appreciation of the value of heritage; failure to implement laws; officials in charge of heritage who neglect their ethical and creative duty; renovation by improper methods; and vote-seeking politicians who allow historical sites to be encroached. Everywhere, public good is sacrificed for personal benefit, and ignorance and corruption prevail. With more than three decades of experience in active participation in Thai cultural heritage preservation in Lopburi Province, I am able to state that this is an era when the attempts at preservation of Thai cultural heritage are hopelessly ineffective. The efforts of those who are intent on preserving Thai heritage will probably do no more than delay the destruction a little, because the process of destruction proceeds at a rate one hundred times faster than the efforts of preservation. Thai society today is focused on a limited number of concerns. Capitalism flourishes much more than spiritual values. Political factions fight for power to run the country. -
Figs. 7, 46 Pls. 15,16 Fig. 52 Fig. Figs. Fig. 24 Figs. 8, 12, Fig. 33
INDEX Ak Yorn, Prasat XIX, XXIl,46, 55 Borobudur, Java XXI, 27, 45, 46, 49, Anavatapa, lake 94 50, 51 Fig. 44 Andet, Prasat 44 Boulbet,Jean. 46 Andon, Prasat see Neak Ta Brahma 7 Angkor XIX, XXIII, XXVIII, 4, 5, 14, 20, 23, 24,44,48,50,54,55,62, Cakravartin 111 63, 64, 68, 72, 76, 78, 79, 81, 90, Ceylon 16, 17 96, 97, 98, 109, 110 Chaiya, Thailand 45 Angkor Thom 59, 81, 90, 94, 98, 99, Cham XXV, XXVII, 28, 45, 90, 99 105, 106, 107, 111 Chau Say Tevoda 30, 81, 90, 97 Angkor Wat XXIV, XXV, XXVI, Chola, dynasty 28 XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, 4, 8, 12, Chou Ta-kuan (Zhou Daguan) 29, 79, 24, 26, 30, 31, 74, 78, 80, 83-89, 87, 101, 112 91, 98, 99, 100, 109, 111, 112 Chrei, Prasat 82, 90 Fig. 25 Figs. 28, 78,79 Pls. 31-33 Coedes, George 6, 18, 19, 22, 83 Argensola, d' XXVIII Aymonier, Etienne XXVIII Dagens, Bruno XXIII, 18, 46, 93 Damrei Krap, Prasat 28, 45, 4 7 Figs. Bakong XXI, 4, 11, 45, 50, 51, 53, 54, 43, 45 Pl. 14 55, 59, 65. Figs. 7, 46 Pls. 15,16 Dhrannindravarman I, King 7 Bakasei Chamkrong 29, 34, 54, 60, 63, Dieng, Java XVII, XX 66, 106. Fig. 52 Do Couto, Diego XXXVIII Baluchistan XVIII. Bantay Chmar XXVI, XXVII, 5, 12, 96, Elephant Terrace 78 Fig. 21 99. Bantay Kdei 28, 96, 98, 100. Bantay Samre 24. Filliozat, Jean 21 Bantay Srei 11, 15, 66-67, 69, 72 Fig. -
Thoughts from Bangkok on the Anti-Thai Riot in Phnom Penh
MZW-3 SOUTHEAST ASIA Matthew Wheeler, most recently a RAND Corporation security and terrorism researcher, is studying relations ICWA among and between nations along the Mekong River. Thoughts from Bangkok on the LETTERS Anti-Thai Riot in Phnom Penh Since 1925 the Institute of FEBRUARY 26, 2003 Current World Affairs (the Crane- By Matthew Z. Wheeler Rogers Foundation) has provided long-term fellowships to enable BANGKOK, Thailand – On January 29, 2003, a mob in Cambodia’s capital looted outstanding young professionals and burned the Royal Thai Embassy. The Phnom Penh riot began with a protest in to live outside the United States front of the Embassy, prompted by reports that Suvanan Kongying, a Thai soap- and write about international opera star with a large following in Cambodia, had said that she would not visit areas and issues. An exempt Cambodia until Angkor Wat was returned to Thailand. Considered one of the operating foundation endowed by architectural wonders of the world, the Angkor Wat temple complex is Cambodia’s the late Charles R. Crane, the national symbol. Every Cambodian national flag since independence from France Institute is also supported by in 1954 has featured an image of Angkor Wat, including the flag of Democratic contributions from like-minded Kampuchea, the Khmer Rouge regime that presided over the death of two mil- individuals and foundations. lion Cambodians from 1975 to 1979. Days before the riot, Cambodian TRUSTEES Prime Minister Hun Sen had castigated Bryn Barnard Suvanan for her alleged comments, say- Joseph Battat ing, “She’s not worth a few blades of Mary Lynne Bird grass that grow around Angkor.” Pro- Steven Butler testers burned Thai flags before storm- William F. -
Archaeology Unit Archaeology Report Series
#8 NALANDA–SRIWIJAYA CENTRE ARCHAEOLOGY UNIT ARCHAEOLOGY REPORT SERIES Tonle Snguot: Preliminary Research Results from an Angkorian Hospital Site D. KYLE LATINIS, EA DARITH, KÁROLY BELÉNYESY, AND HUNTER I. WATSON A T F Archaeology Unit 6870 0955 facebook.com/nalandasriwijayacentre Nalanda–Sriwijaya Centre ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute F W 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, 6778 1735 Singapore 119614 www.iseas.edu.sg/centres/nalanda-sriwijaya-centre E [email protected] The Nalanda–Sriwijaya Centre Archaeology Unit (NSC AU) Archaeology Report Series has been established to provide an avenue for publishing and disseminating archaeological and related research conducted or presented within the Centre. This also includes research conducted in partnership with the Centre as well as outside submissions from fields of enquiry relevant to the Centre's goals. The overall intent is to benefit communities of interest and augment ongoing and future research. The NSC AU Archaeology Report Series is published Citations of this publication should be made in the electronically by the Nalanda–Sriwijaya Centre of following manner: ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. Latinis, D. K., Ea, D., Belényesy, K., and Watson, H. I. (2018). “Tonle Snguot: Preliminary Research Results from an © Copyright is held by the author/s of each report. Angkorian Hospital Site.” Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre Archaeology Unit Archaeology Report Series No. 8. ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute accepts no responsibility for facts presented and views expressed. Responsibility Cover image: Natalie Khoo rests exclusively with the individual author or authors. Authors have agreed that permission has been obtained from appropriate sources to include any Editor : Foo Shu Tieng content in the publication such as texts, images, maps, Cover Art Template : Aaron Kao tables, charts, graphs, illustrations, and photos that are Layout & Typesetting : Foo Shu Tieng not exclusively owned or copyrighted by the authors. -
Create a 3D Map from the Old Town of Lopburi Province on Mobile
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.8(2021), 2315-2319 Research Article Create A 3D Map From The Old Town Of Lopburi Province On Mobile. Duangthip Rubporndeea, Yanapat Lappanitchyakulb a,b Information Technology Faculty, Thepsatri Rajabhat University a [email protected], b [email protected] Article History: Received: 10 January 2021; Revised: 12 February 2021; Accepted: 27 March 2021; Published online: 20 April 2021 Abstract: Research in creating a three-dimensional model for tourist attractions in the Old Town, Lop Buri Province, which has data sources from the Lop Buri Old Town Tourism Information Book. It was divided by age according to the era of the various places, and solved by creating three-dimensional models which was a research method with the objective of 1) to build an archaeological site that is the main point in all three dimensions according to the era, 2) to create a tourist map of the Old City in Lop Buri Province in a three-dimensional model, 3) to assess the satisfaction of users of the Old Town Tourism Map in Lop Buri Province, and 4) to transfer technology to interested parties or interested agencies which began by bringing information from books and analyze concepts for use in event planning. It consisted of collecting data in a multi-angle, horizontal real-time shooting for creating historic sites in a three-dimensional model to import into a two-dimensional tourist map model. Target group are interested parties and 80 tourists. Research findings showed that the overall satisfaction level was at a high level. -
09-Michael Vickery:Udaya7.Qxd
09-Michael Vickery:Udaya7 12/28/2007 11:03 AM Page 101 BAYON: NEW PERSPECTIVES RECONSIDERED Michael Vickery Independent Scholar In recent years a number of nicely illustrated coffee-table publications about Cambodia and its temples have been put on the market. Because such publications do not usually demand the critical standards of academic writing, they have been used by some writers wishing to push historico-novelistic speculations as demonstrated historical fact, or as the consensus of the specialist academic milieu. Perhaps this is harmless enough if these publications just fall into the hands of amateurs desiring pretty pictures or guides to their own tours among the monuments, but if used by students they result in misleading confusion (specialist scholars, well aware of their weaknesses, only use these books for their illustrations, and tend to ignore the texts).1 The most recent of such publications is Bayon: New Perspectives, in which I wrote the Introduction. When I was invited to participate in that book I insisted on the desirability of avoiding the fate of earlier volumes of that type, in order to produce a book which would be useful for serious historians, art historians and students. I urged that contributors should be held to standard academic discipline in the use of source references (footnotes) and specific recognition of whatever speculations they wished to make. That is, they should provide a full scholarly argument for new proposals, and if those were only hypotheses or speculations they should be clearly identified as such. If they are maintained as speculations, each such proposal must be the end of that argument. -
Historie Routes to Angkor: Development of the Khmer Road System (Ninth to Thirteenth Centuries AD) in Mainland Southeast Asia Mitch Hendrickson*
Historie routes to Angkor: development of the Khmer road system (ninth to thirteenth centuries AD) in mainland Southeast Asia Mitch Hendrickson* Road systems in the service of empires have long inspired archaeologists and ancient historians alike. Using etymology, textual analysis and Angkor archaeology the author deconstructs the road system of the Khmer, empire builders of early historic Cambodia. Far from being the creation of one king, the road system evolved organically to serve expeditions, pilgrimages Phnom . Penh ù <> and embedded exchange routes over several i centuries. The paper encourages us to regard road networks as a significant topic, worthy of comparative study on a global scale. N 0 ^ 200 Keywords: Cambodia, Khmer, roads, routes, communications Ancient road systems: context and methods of study Investigating the chronology of road systems is complicated by their frequent reuse over long time periods and because they are comprised of multiple archaeological components that range from site to regional scales (e.g. roads, resting places, crossing points, settlements, ceramics). The archaeologist studying road systems must identify and incorporate a variety of available data sets, including historic information, within a framework of operational principles that characterise state-level road building and use. Recent trends in the study of imperial states focus on socio-cultural issues, such as pov^'er and politico-economic organisation (see D'Altroy 1992; Sinopoli 1994; Morrison 2001) and concepts of boundaries ' Department of Archaeology. University af Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Email: [email protected]) Received: 28 Au^t 2009; Revised: ¡3 October 2009: Accepted: 12 January 2010 ANTlQUITy84 (2010): 480-496 http://antiquiiy.ac.uk/ant/84/ant840480.htni 480 Mitch Hendrickson (see Morrison 2001; Smith 2005). -
Society and Culture of Cambodia in the Angkorian Period Under the Influence of Buddhism
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No. 8 (2021), 2420-2423 Research Article Society and Culture of Cambodia in the Angkorian Period under the influence of Buddhism Phra Ratchawimonmolia, Phra Dhammamolee, (Thongyoo) Drb. Phra Khrupanyasudhammanitesc, Phramaha Yuddhapicharn Thongjunrad, Thanarat Sa-ard-iame a,b,e Department of Buddhist Studies, c Department of Political Science, d Department of Public Administration a,b,c,d,e Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Surin Campus, Thailand a [email protected], b [email protected], c [email protected], d [email protected], e [email protected] Article History: Received: 10 January 2021; Revised: 12 February 2021; Accepted: 27 March 2021; Published online: 20 April 2021 Abstract: The purposes of this article were 1) to present the society and culture of Cambodia in the Angkorian period, 2) to discover Buddhism in the Angkorian period, and) to analyze the influence of Buddhism on the society and culture of Cambodia in the Angkorian period. This relies on the primary source of data used in the documentary research. The methodology adopted in the study is of a critical and investigative approach to the analysis of data gathered from documentary sources. The result indicated that: ancient Cambodia inherited civilization from India. The ancient Cambodians, therefore, respected both Brahmin and Buddhism. The Cambodian way of life in the Angkorian era was primarily agricultural occupation, and the monarchy was the ultimate leader. Buddhism has spread in Cambodia after the finishing of the 3rd Buddhist Council. The king accepted Buddhism as the Code of conduct and carried on for a period. -
Visitor's Guide to Prasat Phra Viharn
VISITOR’S GUIDE TO PRASAT PHRA VIHARN 2 VISITOR’S GUIDE TO PRASAT PHRA VIHARN Mr. Manit Walliphodom First Curator Department of Fine Arts Published by Department of Fine Arts On the occasion of the survey and restoration of Ancient ruins in the North-eastern Region 2503 B.E. (1960) 3 Preface to the English Translation The Stone Prasat at the Mountain of Phra Viharn was first found by Prince Krommaluang Sanphasitthi Prasong in the year 1899 when he was inspecting the area while serving as King Rama V’s Inspector General. Since then, the Fine Arts Department, the agency in charge of arts, culture and antiquities under the Ministry of Education and Culture undertook several archeological surveys of the monuments and sites. In 1940, the Fine Arts Department registered both the group of monuments and the site under the name “Monuments on Phra Viharn Mountain” as national protection area and national monuments, and published the registration in the National Gazette on October 22, 1940. In 1960, the Fine Arts Department published the first full archaeological survey report written by a senior archeologist, the late Mr. Manit Walliphodom, together with photographs taken by the author during the surveys. The report described in great detail how to travel form Bangkok to the site and gave a complete archaeological account of the monuments and the site, how to ascend the grand stairs from the north of the temple and walk up until one reached the main structure at the peak of the hill in the south. He also reported faithfully the stages of the ruin monuments found at the time of the survey. -
Reclamation and Regeneration of the Ancient Baray
RECLAMATION AND REGENERATION OF THE ANCIENT BARAY A Proposal for Phimai Historical Park Olmtong Ektanitphong December 2014 Submitted towards the fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Architecture Degree. School of Architecture University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Doctorate Project Committee Kazi K. Ashraf, Chairperson William R. Chapman, Committee Member Pornthum Thumwimol, Committee Member ACKNOWLEDMENTS I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my committee chair, Professor Kazi K. Ashraf, who has the attitude and the substance of a genius: he continually and convincingly a spirit of adventure in regard to research and the design, and excitement in regard to teaching. Without his guidance and persistent help this dissertation would not have been possible. I would like to thank my committee members, Professor William R. Chapman and Dr. Pornthum Thumwimol, whose work demonstrated to me that concern for archaeological aspects of Khmer and Thai culture. They supported me immensely throughout the period of my dissertation. Their valuable advice and discussions guided me to the end-result of this study. I highly appreciated for their generally being a good uncle and brother as well as a supervisor. In addition, a thank you to the director, archaeologists, academic officers and administration staff at Phimai Historical Park and at the Fine Arts Department of Thailand, who gave me such valuable information and discussion. Specially, thank you to Mr. Teerachat veerayuttanond, my supervisor during internship with The Fine Arts Department of Thailand, who first introduced me to Phimai Town and took me on the site survey at Phimai Town. Last but not least, I would like to thank University of Hawaii for giving me the opportunity for my study research and design.