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#8 NALANDA–SRIWIJAYA CENTRE ARCHAEOLOGY UNIT ARCHAEOLOGY REPORT SERIES Tonle Snguot: Preliminary Research Results from an Angkorian Hospital Site D. KYLE LATINIS, EA DARITH, KÁROLY BELÉNYESY, AND HUNTER I. WATSON A T F Archaeology Unit 6870 0955 facebook.com/nalandasriwijayacentre Nalanda–Sriwijaya Centre ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute F W 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, 6778 1735 Singapore 119614 www.iseas.edu.sg/centres/nalanda-sriwijaya-centre E [email protected] The Nalanda–Sriwijaya Centre Archaeology Unit (NSC AU) Archaeology Report Series has been established to provide an avenue for publishing and disseminating archaeological and related research conducted or presented within the Centre. This also includes research conducted in partnership with the Centre as well as outside submissions from fields of enquiry relevant to the Centre's goals. The overall intent is to benefit communities of interest and augment ongoing and future research. The NSC AU Archaeology Report Series is published Citations of this publication should be made in the electronically by the Nalanda–Sriwijaya Centre of following manner: ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. Latinis, D. K., Ea, D., Belényesy, K., and Watson, H. I. (2018). “Tonle Snguot: Preliminary Research Results from an © Copyright is held by the author/s of each report. Angkorian Hospital Site.” Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre Archaeology Unit Archaeology Report Series No. 8. ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute accepts no responsibility for facts presented and views expressed. Responsibility Cover image: Natalie Khoo rests exclusively with the individual author or authors. Authors have agreed that permission has been obtained from appropriate sources to include any Editor : Foo Shu Tieng content in the publication such as texts, images, maps, Cover Art Template : Aaron Kao tables, charts, graphs, illustrations, and photos that are Layout & Typesetting : Foo Shu Tieng not exclusively owned or copyrighted by the authors. Authors have also agreed that proper referencing, Editorial Committee: acknowledgement and accreditation has been exercised according to professional standards. Terence Chong Kwa Chong Guan D. Kyle Latinis Lim Chen Sian The NSC AU Archaeology Report Series cannot be Andrea Acri Hélène Njoto republished, reprinted, or reproduced in any format Foo Shu Tieng without the permission of the paper’s author/s. For any submissions or inquiries, please refer to the website or contact [email protected]. Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre Archaeology Unit Archaeology Report Series No. 8 (March 2018) ISSN (electronic): 2529-7295 Latinis et al.: Tonle Snguot NSC AU Archaeology Report Series No. 8 CONTRIBUTORS Dr. D. Kyle LATINIS was the Field School Director for the 2017 NSC Archaeological Field School and is a Visiting Fellow at NSC. He currently researches the Historical Ecology of Southeast Asia an approach combining ethnographic, historic, environmental and archaeological data. Research also addresses internal and external socio-economic factors and resource exploitation. Dr. Latinis oversees projects and Field training in Mainland Southeast Asia, having over 25 years of experience in Southeast Asia and the Asia-Pacific. Dr Latinis earned a PhD at the National University of Singapore (2008) and a PhD in Ecological Anthropology at the University of Hawaii (1999). Dr. EA Darith was the Field School Co-Director for the 2017 NSC Archaeological Field School and is Deputy Director, Angkor International Center for Research and Documentation. He is also Head of the Chair of the Angkor Ceramics Unit, APSARA Authority, and was a Visiting Fellow at NSC (2014-2015). Dr Ea received his BA from Royal University of Fine Arts (1995), His MA from Kyoto University (2000), and PhD from Osaka Ohtani University (2010). He has coordinated a spectrum of diverse projects between APSARA Authority and numerous international teams. His main research interests include Khmer stoneware ceramic industries and kilns; having excavated more than 10 stoneware kilns throughout the Angkor region. He has co-directed previous joint research and field-school projects where he has produced a seminal paper on the Torp Chey kilns and provided seminars on current Cambodian Archaeological research. He is currently working on a book on Angkor entitled Angkor Wat in World Consciousness: A Khmer Perspective. Dr. Károly BELÉNYESY was the Field School Senior Affiliate Advisor for the 2017 NSC Archaeological Field School. He is an Archaeologist, Cultural Heritage Expert, and Team Leader of the Archaeological Mission in Cambodia, Hungarian Southeast Asian Research Institute; Budapest, Hungary. Dr Belényesy earned his MA in Archaeology and Museology (1999) and PhD in Medieval History (2014) at Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. From 2005, Dr Belényesy has been a Reader at Corvinus University of Budapest, Faculty of Horticultural Science. His specialties include medieval and post medieval urban archaeology, metallurgy, and medieval rearms. His research also includes analyzing historical environments and landscapes. He has directed Archaeology projects at Koh Ker to include LiDAR analysis. Hunter I. WATSON is a PhD Candidate at the Department of Southeast Asian Studies, National University of Singapore. He holds a BA in philosophy and religious studies from the USA, and an MA in oriental epigraphy from Silpakorn University in Bangkok, Thailand. He studies ancient inscriptions and languages, and especially Sanskrit, Pali, Thai, Khmer and Mon. Currently he is researching the art and archaeology of Southeast Asia with a focus on ceramics and religious iconography. 1 Latinis et al.: Tonle Snguot NSC AU Archaeology Report Series No. 8 Tonle Snguot: Preliminary Research Results from an Angkorian Hospital Site ABSTRACT Tonle Snguot is an 11th/12th century CE hospital site at the northern gate of Angkor Thom, Siem Reap, Cambodia. It was partially excavated by an international team from the Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre (NSC), APSARA Authority, and East Asia Summit (EAS) training participants in 2017. This was part of an EAS research and training mission supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA), Singapore, the NSC and the ISEAS- Yusof Ishak Institute. Statuary and habitation remains were recovered. Cursory analysis is provided throughout the report ranging from large-scale settlement concerns to smaller- - -specific topics. The following report is inte theory-method focused while other sections provide descriptive results. The overall intent was to explore and identify habitation sites related to the hospital compound. conceived as complementary. Keywords: Archaeology, Tonle Snguot, Cambodia, Angkor, Medical Industry, Ancient Hospitals, Settlement Patterns 2 Latinis et al.: Tonle Snguot NSC AU Archaeology Report Series No. 8 CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS .................................................................................................................. 1 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. 2 CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ 3 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. 5 LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... 7 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 8 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................ 8 1.2: Settlement Area Dating, Urbanization, Abandonment, and Continuity Models .................................................................................................................... 11 2: PROJECT PURPOSE ....................................................................................................... 16 2.1: General Concerns .................................................................................................. 16 2.2: Specific Goals .......................................................................................................... 18 3: SETTLEMENT HISTORY, LANDSCAPE, HOSPITALS AND THE TONLE SNGUOT SITE .............................................................................................................. 19 3.1: Large-Scale Settlement, Landscape Modification, Ecological, Economic and Social History ................................................................................................. 19 3.2: Surface Surveys and Hydrological Systems ........................................................ 25 3.3: Large Landscape Features in the General Area .................................................. 26 3.4: Hospital Site Components and Features ............................................................. 34 3.5: Tonle Snguot Name and Meaning ....................................................................... 38 3.6: Hospital Staff .......................................................................................................... 39 3.7: Tonle Snguot Site Dimensions ............................................................................. 40 3.8: Additional Features ............................................................................................... 41 3.9: Settlement and Dating Considerations (revisited) ............................................ 43
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