The Science of Apollo,” a Look at the Historic Apollo 11 Mission to the Moon and How It Contributed to Our Understanding of Space and Science
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Annotated List of Works Cited Primary Sources Newspapers “Apollo 11 se Vraci na Zemi.” Rude Pravo [Czechoslovakia] 22 July 1969. 1. Print. This was helpful for us because it showed how the U.S. wasn’t the only ones effected by this event. This added more to our project so we had views from outside the US. Barbuor, John. “Alunizaron, Bajaron, Caminaron, Trabajaron: Proeza Lograda.” Excelsior [Mexico] 21 July 1969. 1. Print. The front page of this newspaper was extremely helpful to our project because we used it to see how this event impacted the whole world not just America. Beloff, Nora. “The Space Race: Experts Not Keen on Getting a Man on the Moon.” Age [Melbourne] 24 April 1962. 2. Print. This was an incredibly important article to use in out presentation so that we could see different opinions. This article talked about how some people did not want to go to the moon; we didn’t find many articles like this one. In most everything we have read it talks about the advantages of going to the moon. This is why this article was so unique and important. Canadian Press. “Half-billion Watch the Moon Spectacular.” Gazette [Montreal] 21 July 1969. 4. Print. This source gave us a clear idea about how big this event really was, not only was it a big deal in America, but everywhere else in the world. This article told how Russia and China didn’t have TV’s so they had to find other ways to hear about this event like listening to the radio. -
Gram, No In-Depth Cross-Correlation of the Voluminous Multidisciplinary Data Has Been Possible
SKYLAB: A BEGINNING NationaZ Aeronautics and Space Ahinistration I Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center "The Eagle has landed; Tranquillity Base here." This simple and now historic message of July 20, 1969, marked the attainment of perhaps the greatest peacetime goal in the history of man. It fulfilled President Kennedy's directive issued some 8 short, hectic years earlier, when he proclaimed on May 25, 1961 : "I bel ieve we should go to the moon . before this decade is out." It marked the culmination of a technically complex engineering accomplishment that began with Mercury and continued uninterrupted through Gemini and prelunar Apollo. The ultimate goal of these efforts was a manned lunar landing. None of these programs had as a major objective the detailed study of man's biomedical responses to the space environment, except in the broadest sense of survival and the ability to live and work effectively in that environment. Nevertheless, throughout each program, information con- cerning man and his new surroundings was obtained wherever possible and whenever practicable, ever mindful of the time constraints imposed by the lunar landing goal and the weight limitations of the launch vehicles. In these few days, the preliminary biomedical results of NASA's Skylab effort have been presented to you. A major goal of Skylab was to learn more about man and his responses to the space environment for missions lasting up to 84 days. The results are necessarily prelimin- ary, for in the short time which has elapsed since the end of the pro- gram, no in-depth cross-correlation of the voluminous multidisciplinary data has been possible. -
*Pres Report 97
42 APPENDIX C U.S. and Russian Human Space Flights 1961–September 30, 1997 Spacecraft Launch Date Crew Flight Time Highlights (days:hrs:min) Vostok 1 Apr. 12, 1961 Yury A. Gagarin 0:1:48 First human flight. Mercury-Redstone 3 May 5, 1961 Alan B. Shepard, Jr. 0:0:15 First U.S. flight; suborbital. Mercury-Redstone 4 July 21, 1961 Virgil I. Grissom 0:0:16 Suborbital; capsule sank after landing; astronaut safe. Vostok 2 Aug. 6, 1961 German S. Titov 1:1:18 First flight exceeding 24 hrs. Mercury-Atlas 6 Feb. 20, 1962 John H. Glenn, Jr. 0:4:55 First American to orbit. Mercury-Atlas 7 May 24, 1962 M. Scott Carpenter 0:4:56 Landed 400 km beyond target. Vostok 3 Aug. 11, 1962 Andriyan G. Nikolayev 3:22:25 First dual mission (with Vostok 4). Vostok 4 Aug. 12, 1962 Pavel R. Popovich 2:22:59 Came within 6 km of Vostok 3. Mercury-Atlas 8 Oct. 3, 1962 Walter M. Schirra, Jr. 0:9:13 Landed 8 km from target. Mercury-Atlas 9 May 15, 1963 L. Gordon Cooper, Jr. 1:10:20 First U.S. flight exceeding 24 hrs. Vostok 5 June 14, 1963 Valery F. Bykovskiy 4:23:6 Second dual mission (withVostok 6). Vostok 6 June 16, 1963 Valentina V. Tereshkova 2:22:50 First woman in space; within 5 km of Vostok 5. Voskhod 1 Oct. 12, 1964 Vladimir M. Komarov 1:0:17 First three-person crew. Konstantin P. Feoktistov Boris G. Yegorov Voskhod 2 Mar. 18, 1965 Pavel I. -
Spaceport News John F
Aug. 9, 2013 Vol. 53, No. 16 Spaceport News John F. Kennedy Space Center - America’s gateway to the universe MAVEN arrives, Mars next stop Astronauts By Steven Siceloff Spaceport News gather for AVEN’s approach to Mars studies will be Skylab’s Mquite different from that taken by recent probes dispatched to the Red Planet. 40th gala Instead of rolling about on the By Bob Granath surface looking for clues to Spaceport News the planet’s hidden heritage, MAVEN will orbit high above n July 27, the Astronaut the surface so it can sample the Scholarship Foundation upper atmosphere for signs of Ohosted a dinner at the what changed over the eons and Kennedy Space Center’s Apollo/ why. Saturn V Facility celebrating the The mission will be the first 40th anniversary of Skylab. The of its kind and calls for instru- gala featured many of the astro- ments that can pinpoint trace nauts who flew the missions to amounts of chemicals high America’s first space station. above Mars. The results are Six Skylab astronauts partici- expected to let scientists test pated in a panel discussion dur- theories that the sun’s energy ing the event, and spoke about slowly eroded nitrogen, carbon living and conducting ground- dioxide and water from the Mar- breaking scientific experiments tian atmosphere to leave it the aboard the orbiting outpost. dry, desolate world seen today. Launched unpiloted on May “Scientists believe the planet 14, 1973, Skylab was a complex CLICK ON PHOTO NASA/Tim Jacobs orbiting scientific laboratory. has evolved significantly over NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft rests on a processing the past 4.5 billion years,” said stand inside Kennedy’s Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility Aug. -
Skylab 3 Crew Will Live and Work Aboard the Space
4 NATIONALAERONAUTICSAND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Washington, D. C. 20546 _! 202-755-8370 FORRELEAS. E: July 23, 1973 p PROJECT: Second Manned3 Mission R E contents S GENERAL RELEASE ..................... i_5 OBJECTIVES OF THE SKYLAB PROGRAm4 ....... 8-10 S OBJECTIVESMISSION ..............................OF THE SECOND MANNED SKYLAB 11-12 MISSION PROFILE: LAUNCH, DOCKING AND DEORBIT ............... 13-18 COUNTDOWN AND LIFTOFF .................. 19-21 K SKYREAL-TIMELAB EXPERIMENTSFLIGHT PLANNING................................... 22-2426-28 ACCOMPLISHMENTS ........................ 35-39 SKYLAB BETWEEN 'VISITS .... - ............. 40-42 T_ SKYLAB ANDSTATUS:RELATEDWHATOBJECTSHAPPENEDVISIBLE............... 43-4429-34 NOTE: Details of the skylab spacecraft elements, systems, crew equipment and experimental hardware are contained in the Skylab News Reference distributed to the news media. The document also defines the scientific and technical objectives of Skylab activi- ties. This press kit confines its scope to the second manned visit to Skylab and briefly describes features of the mission. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Washington, D. C. 20546 he 202/ 5s-8370 _J' "FOR.RELEASE: William Pomeroy July 23, 1973 (Phone 202/755-3114) RELEASE NO. 73-131 NEXT SKYLAB CREW GOES UP JULY 28 Three American astronauts will begin a two-month stay• in space July 28 when the second Skylab crew is launched into orbit to man the Skylab space station. The second crew will further extend the long-term quest for knowledge about man's home planet, his Sun and himself which was begun by the Sky- lab 2 mission lasting 28 days. The Skylab 3 crew will live and work aboard the space station for up to 56 days while measuring the human adapta- bility to long-duration spaceflight, conducting solar astron- omy experiments above the distorting effects of the atmosphere, and surveying conditions and resources down on the fragile spacecraft Earth. -
Unit 7- What's in Our Universe
Unit 7 Reader Grade 3 What’s in Our Universe Grade 3 Unit 7 What’s in Our Universe? Reader ISBN 978-1-68161-225-6 © 2015 The Core Knowledge Foundation and its licensors www.coreknowledge.org Cover © 2017 Amplify Education, Inc. and its licensors www.amplify.com All Rights Reserved. Core Knowledge Language Arts and CKLA are trademarks of the Core Knowledge Foundation. Trademarks and trade names are shown in this book strictly for illustrative and educational purposes and are the property of their respective owners. References herein should not be regarded as affecting the validity of said trademarks and trade names. Printed in the USA 02 LSCOW 2017 Table of Contents What’s in Our Universe? Unit 7 Reader Chapter 1: The Sun, Earth, and Our Solar System �. 2 Chapter 2: The Moon . 8 Chapter 3: The Planets Closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars �. 14 Chapter 4: The Outer Planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune . 22 Chapter 5: Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors . 28 Chapter 6: Galaxies and Stars. 34 Chapter 7: Constellations. 42 Chapter 8: Exploring Space. 50 Chapter 9: A Walk on the Moon �. 58 Chapter 10: What’s It Like in Space? �. 66 Chapter 11: The Space Shuttle �. 72 Chapter 12: Dr. Mae Jemison. 78 Chapter 13: The International Space Station �. 86 Chapter 14: The Big Bang . 92 Pausing Point (Additional Chapters for Enrichment) Chapter 15: Nicolaus Copernicus. .100 Glossary for What’s in Our Universe? . 107 Chapter The Sun, Earth, and 1 Our Solar System Look up in the sky at noon. -
Labor History: the Astronaut Strike by Ed Leavy
Labor History: The Astronaut Strike By Ed Leavy Walking a picket line is not an option when orbiting thousands of miles above the earth, but that did not prevent the three crew on Skylab 4 from going on strike. On December 28, 1973, the three astronauts – Jerry Carr, Ed Gibson, and William Pogue – switched off their radio connection to NASA ground control in Houston and spent their time, “studying the sun, the earth below, and ourselves,” wrote Pogue. Meanwhile, the ground staff grumbled, unable to do anything. As anyone who has ever read The Right Stuff knows, the tension between NASA’s engineers staff in Houston and the astronauts has existed from the beginning of the space program. The astronauts saw themselves as the ones taking all the risks; nine American astronauts and six Soviet cosmonauts had died during the ten years before the Skylab 4 launch. Engineers and the ground crew resented the cult of celebrity astronauts had and viewed them as little more than drones; they would occasionally point out that the first flights were done with monkeys, and that worked out fine. By the time of Skylab 4, public interest in the space program had begun to wane, and with the loss of fame for the astronauts came a loss of status within the program. The schedule created for the Skylab astronauts was grueling. The 84-day orbit was the longest anyone had endured. Carr, Gibson, and Pogue were given 16-hour schedules for the entire journey; there was no personal time built into the plan. The schedule made tension inevitable, and it began immediately. -
Skylab: the Human Side of a Scientific Mission
SKYLAB: THE HUMAN SIDE OF A SCIENTIFIC MISSION Michael P. Johnson, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2007 APPROVED: J. Todd Moye, Major Professor Alfred F. Hurley, Committee Member Adrian Lewis, Committee Member and Chair of the Department of History Sandra L. Terrell, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Johnson, Michael P. Skylab: The Human Side of a Scientific Mission. Master of Arts (History), May 2007, 115pp., 3 tables, references, 104 titles. This work attempts to focus on the human side of Skylab, America’s first space station, from 1973 to 1974. The thesis begins by showing some context for Skylab, especially in light of the Cold War and the “space race” between the United States and the Soviet Union. The development of the station, as well as the astronaut selection process, are traced from the beginnings of NASA. The focus then shifts to changes in NASA from the Apollo missions to Skylab, as well as training, before highlighting the three missions to the station. The work then attempts to show the significance of Skylab by focusing on the myriad of lessons that can be learned from it and applied to future programs. Copyright 2007 by Michael P. Johnson ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not be possible without the help of numerous people. I would like to begin, as always, by thanking my parents. You are a continuous source of help and guidance, and you have never doubted me. Of course I have to thank my brothers and sisters. -
Human Spaceflight. Activities for the Primary Student. Aerospace Education Services Project
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 288 714 SE 048 726 AUTHOR Hartsfield, John W.; Hartsfield, Kendra J. TITLE Human Spaceflight. Activities for the Primary Student. Aerospace Education Services Project. INSTITUTION National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, Ohio. Lewis Research Center. PUB DATE Oct 85 NOTE 126p. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Materials (For Learner) (051) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Aerospace Education; Aerospace Technology; Educational Games; Elementary Education; *Elementary School Science; 'Science Activities; Science and Society; Science Education; *Science History; *Science Instruction; *Space Exploration; Space Sciences IDENTIFIERS *Space Travel ABSTRACT Since its beginning, the space program has caught the attention of young people. This space science activity booklet was designed to provide information and learning activities for students in elementary grades. It contains chapters on:(1) primitive beliefs about flight; (2) early fantasies of flight; (3) the United States human spaceflight programs; (4) a history of human spaceflight activity; (5) life support systems for the astronaut; (6) food for human spaceflight; (7) clothing for spaceflight and activity; (8) warte management systems; (9) a human space flight le;g; and (10) addition 1 activities and pictures. Also included is a bibliography of books, other publications and films, and the answers to the three word puzzles appearing in the booklet. (TW) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION Activities CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as mewed from the person or organization originating it Minor changes have been made to norm. -
Tau Beta Pi Names Dr. Jan Davis, Dr. Eugene Deloatch, & Dr. Michael
FOR RELEASE CONTACT: Dylan Lane August 8, 2016 865/546-4578 Tau Beta Pi Names Dr. Jan Davis, Dr. Eugene DeLoatch, & Dr. Michael Griffin, as 2016 Distinguished Alumni Tau Beta Pi, the engineering honor society, has named the 2016 recipients of its Distinguished Alumnus Award. Now in its 20th year, the award recognizes alumni who have demonstrated adherence to the ideals of Tau Beta Pi (integrity, breadth of interest, adaptability, and unselfish activity) and to fostering a spirit of liberal culture on local, national, and international scales. Nancy (Jan) Davis, Ph.D., P.E., Alabama Alpha ’77; Eugene M. DeLoatch, Ph.D., District of Columbia Alpha ’59; and Michael D. Griffin, Ph.D., Maryland Beta ’77, are the 2016 Tau Beta Pi Distinguished Alumni and will be honored on October 8, 2016, at the 111th annual Convention to be held in San Diego, CA. Tau Beta Pi President J.P. Blackford will present a commemorative plaque, and a $2,000 scholarship will be given in the name of each alumnus to a deserving student member of Tau Beta Pi. Dr. Davis is vice president and deputy general manager of Jacobs Engineering and a former NASA astronaut. Dr. DeLoatch is founding dean of the Morgan State University School of Engineering and past chairman of the department of electrical engineering at Howard University. Dr. Griffin is chairman and CEO of the Schafer Corporation and previously served as Administrator of NASA. The selection of these three eminent engineers as 2016 Distinguished Alumni recognizes their lifetime achievements and commitment to engineering education. Each has played a role (more) in developing young minds, inspiring the next generation of engineers, and contributing to the advancement of the engineering profession. -
STS-135: the Final Mission Dedicated to the Courageous Men and Women Who Have Devoted Their Lives to the Space Shuttle Program and the Pursuit of Space Exploration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration STS-135: The Final Mission Dedicated to the courageous men and women who have devoted their lives to the Space Shuttle Program and the pursuit of space exploration PRESS KIT/JULY 2011 www.nasa.gov 2 011 2009 2008 2007 2003 2002 2001 1999 1998 1996 1994 1992 1991 1990 1989 STS-1: The First Mission 1985 1981 CONTENTS Section Page SPACE SHUTTLE HISTORY ...................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1 SPACE SHUTTLE CONCEPT AND DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................... 2 THE SPACE SHUTTLE ERA BEGINS ....................................................................................................... 7 NASA REBOUNDS INTO SPACE ............................................................................................................ 14 FROM MIR TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION .......................................................................... 20 STATION ASSEMBLY COMPLETED AFTER COLUMBIA ........................................................................... 25 MISSION CONTROL ROSES EXPRESS THANKS, SUPPORT .................................................................... 30 SPACE SHUTTLE PROGRAM’S KEY STATISTICS (THRU STS-134) ........................................................ 32 THE ORBITER FLEET ............................................................................................................................ -
Manned Space Flight Applications Glenair Discrete Interconnect Designs and Technologies Have Been a Part of Manned Space Flight for These Past 50+ Years
GLENAIR • JANUARY 2021 • VOLUME 25 • NUMBER 1 for Manned Space Behind-the-scenes at Glenair GSS, Salem GER PLUS an in-depth look at INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY Flight space radiation 50+ Years of GLENAIR Crewed-Flight Interconnect A Select History of Glenair Connectors and Backshells Design History in Manned Space Flight Applications Glenair discrete interconnect designs and technologies have been a part of manned space flight for these past 50+ years. And, as mentioned, we have demonstrated capability in-house to integrate our many unique and signature interconnect technologies into turnkey systems and assemblies. In each of the following examples, Glenair performed exactly in this manner, acting not merely as a supplier, but as an application engineering and design partner to these landmark programs. Glass-Sealed Hermetics for the X-38 Crew Return Vehicle Glenair supplied specialized glass-sealed hermetic connectors to The X-38 program, an experimental autonomous spacecraft designed and built for the purposes of shuttling space crew back to Earth in an orbital emergency. The X-38 Glenair has been an essential go-to supplier and design partner for Crew Return Vehicle hermetically-sealed connectors on space flight programs since the 1980s. < Hermetic sealing available in circular and rectangular packages Glenair: The Most Trusted QwikClamp® Backshells for the International Space Station The Glenair QwikClamp® backshell was purpose-designed for use on the ISS. Name in Manned Space Select parts were gold plated for resistance to atomic oxygen corrosion and radiation damage, others were supplied in our “M” code electroless nickel plating. All designs were equipped with a unique strain relief clamp that eliminated sharp surfaces and angles to prevent Connectors and Cables potential damage to astronaut life support space suits and lenair’s history of interconnect innovation for manned space Commander Ed White’s “Golden gloves.