42

Aeronautics and Space Report of the President pccatLuc aeCe lgtTm Highlights FlightTime Crew LaunchDate Spacecraft plo9Mr ,16 ae .MDvt 011Successfullysimulatedin Earth orbitoperation cosmonautsfromSoyuz5to Soyuz4. 10:1:1 3:0:56 Soyuz4and5dockedtransferredtwo Firsthumanorbit(s)ofMoon; firsthuman JamesA.McDivitt 2:23:23 6:3:1 Mar. 3,1969 ManeuverednearuncrewedSoyuz2. BorisV. Volynov VladimirA.Shatalov 3:22:51 Jan.15,1969 Jan.14,1969 FirstU.S.three-personmission. Cosmonautkilledinreentryaccident. FrankBorman GeorgiyT. 10:20:9 Beregovoy Apollo 9 1:2:37 LongestEVA todate(Aldrin,5hrs.). Dec.21,1968 Oct.26,1968 Firstinitial-orbitdocking;firsttetheredflight; 3:22:35 Firstdualrendezvous(Gemini 10with 5 Walter M.Schirra, Jr. VladimirM.Komarov Soyuz 4 2:23:17 2:22:47 Oct.11,1968 Apr. 23,1967 EVA; rendezvous. Apollo 8 JamesA.Lovell,Jr. Soyuz 3 Firstdockingoftwoorbitingspacecraft 3:0:21 CharlesConrad,Jr. Nov. 11,1966 0:10:41 Longesthumanflighttodate. JohnW. Young Sep.12, 1966 Rendezvouswithin30cmofGemini7. Soyuz 1 13:18:35 July18, 1966 ThomasP. Stafford 1:1:51 Gemini 12 NeilA.Armstrong 21-min.EVA (White). Longestdurationhumanflighttodate. June3,1966 Gemini 11 Mar. 16,1966 FirstU.S.two-personflight; firstmanual 4:1:56 7:22:55 Walter M.Schirra,Jr. Gemini 10 FrankBorman 0:4:53 Dec.15,1965 Firstextravehicularactivity(EVA),Gemini 9-A byLeonov, Dec.4,1965 L.GordonCooper, Jr. 1:2:2 Gemini 8 JamesA.McDivitt Aug.21,1965 Gemini 6-A June3,1965 Virgil I.Grissom Firstthree-personcrew. Seconddualmission(withVostok 6). Gemini 7 Mar. 23,1965 Firstwomaninspace;within5kmofVostok 1:0:17 5. 4:23:6 PavelI.Belyayev Gemini 5 Camewithin6kmofVostok 3. 2:22:50 Mar. 18,1965 Gemini 4 FirstU.S.flightexceeding24hrs. Landed8kmfromtarget. 2:22:59 VladimirM.Komarov Valentina V. Firstflightexceeding24hrs. Tereshkova Firstdualmission(withVostok 4). Gemini 3 Valery F. Bykovskiy 1:10:20 0:9:13 Oct.12,1964 Landed400kmbeyondtarget. June16,1963 1:1:18 3:22:25 FirstAmericantoorbit. June14,1963 Voskhod 2 0:4:56 PavelR.Popovich Firsthumanflight. 0:4:55 L.GordonCooper, Jr. AndriyanG.Nikolayev Walter M.Schirra,Jr. Aug.12,1962 Suborbital;capsulesankafterlanding; 0:1:48 May15,1963 Voskhod 1 Aug.11,1962 Oct.3,1962 GermanS.Titov Vostok 6 0:0:16 FirstU.S.flight;suborbital. M.ScottCarpenter Vostok 5 JohnH.Glenn,Jr. Mercury-Atlas 9 Aug.6,1961 0:0:15 May24,1962 Mercury-Atlas 8 Feb.20,1962 Vostok 4 Yury A.Gagarin Vostok 3 Mercury-Atlas 7 Virgil I.Grissom Apr. 12,1961 AlanB.Shepard,Jr. Mercury-Atlas 6 Vostok 2 July21,1961 May5,1961 Mercury-Redstone 4 Mercury-Redstone 3 Vostok 1 U.S. andRussianHumanSpaceFlights 1961–September 30,1997 David R. Scott of lunar module tolanding andtakeofffrom oflunarmodule lunarsurface and rejoiningwithcommand highestspeedattained inhumanflighttodate. departurefromEarth’s sphereofinfluence; Russell L.Schweickart David R.Scott Yevgeniy V. Khrunov Aleksey A.Yeliseyev William A.Anders Agena10,then8). James A.Lovell,Jr. highestEarth- altitude(1,372km.). R. (Gemini8withAgenatargetrocket). Donn F. Eisele Edwin E.Aldrin,Jr. Richard F. Gordon,Jr. Michael Collins Eugene A.Cernan maneuversinorbit. David R.Scott Thomas P. Stafford James A.Lovell,Jr. Charles Conrad,Jr. Edward H.White,II John W. Young Aleksey A.Leonov Boris G.Yegorov Konstantin P. Feoktistov A PPENDIX (days:hrs:min) C 10 min. safe. 43 Fiscal Year 1997 Activities experiments on lunar surface. certain experiments, 19, 1967. on Apr. recovery on June 30, 1971. 12 sec. was performed during return trip. C (days:hrs:min) PPENDIX (Continued) A John W. YoungJohn W. Eugene A. CernanMichael CollinsEdwin E. Aldrin, Jr. N. KubasovfValery N. GorbatkoViktor Vladislav N. Volkov lunar surface. including lunar module to 14,300 m from the Aleksey S. Yeliseyev samples to Earth and human deployment of return to Earth. First return of rock and soil Jr. Gordon, Richard F. Alan L. Beandocking. Each conducted without actually Haise, Jr.Fred W. observation. John L. Swigert, Jr. I. Sevastyanov Vitaliy parts of Surveyor 3 Moon and retrieved Stuart A. RoosaEdgar D. MitchellAleksey S. YeliseyevNikolay N. Rukavishnikov spacecraft, which landed in Ocean of Storms Ship circled Moon, with crew using LM as Vladislav N. Volkov “lifeboat” until just before reentry. I. PatsayevViktor Alfred M. WordenJames B. Irwin strated pinpoint landing capability and 24, 1971. recovered Apr. exploration. continued human 19. Crew space station launched Apr. Charles M. Duke, Jr. Thomas K. Mattingly II occupied space station for 22 days. Crew Harrison H. Schmitt perished in final phase of Soyuz 11 capsule Ronald E. Evans KerwinJoseph P. series mission, which carried Lunar Roving Paul J. Weitz of 38 min., inflight EVA Worden’s Vehicle. Jack R. Lousma Owen K. Garriott Oleg G. Makarov again with roving vehicle. 14) for 28 days. Repaired damaged station. 1961–September 30, 1997 1961–September U.S. and Russian Human Space Flights Human Space U.S. and Russian Apollo 10 May 18, 1969 Stafford Thomas P. 8:0:3 Successfully demonstrated complete system, Spacecraft Date Launch CrewApollo 11Soyuz 6 July 16, 1969 Flight TimeSoyuz 7 Neil A. Armstrong Highlights Soyuz 8 Oct. 11, 1969Apollo 12 Georgiy Shonin 8:3:9 Oct. 12, 1969 surface and safe First human landing on lunar Filipchenko A. V. Apollo 13 Oct. 13, 1969 14, 1969 Nov. 4:22:42 Vladimir A. ShatalovSoyuz 9 Charles Conrad, Jr. Soyuz 6, 7, and 8 operated as a group flight 4:22:41Apollo 14 11, 1970 Apr. 4:22:50 including welding and Earth and celestial Jr. James A. Lovell, 10:4:36Soyuz 10 June 1, 1970 surface of Second human lunar landing explored Jan. 31, 1971Soyuz 11 5:22:55 Andriyan G. Nikolayev Jr. Alan B. Shepard, Mission aborted; explosion in service module. 22, 1971 Apr. 17:16:59Apollo 15 Vladimir A. Shatalov Longest human to date. June 6, 1971 9:0:2Apollo 16 Dobrovolskiy Georgiy T. 1:23:46 Third human lunar landing. Mission demon July 26, 1971 23:18:22 Docked with Salyut 1, but crew did not board Apollo 17 David R. Scott Docked with Salyut 1, and Soyuz 11 crew 16, 1972 Apr. Skylab 2 Young John W. Dec. 7, 1972Skylab 3 12:7:12 Eugene A. Cernan Fourth human lunar landing and first Apollo “J” May 25, 1973Soyuz 12 11:1:51 Charles Conrad, Jr. July 28, 1973 12:13:52 with roving vehicle. Fifth human lunar landing, Sixth and final Apollo human lunar landing, Alan L. Bean Sep. 27, 1973 28:0:50 G. Lazarev Vasiliy Docked with Skylab 1 (launched uncrewed May 59:11:9 1:23:16 Docked with Skylab 1 for more than 59 days. Checkout of improved Soyuz. 44

Aeronautics and Space Report of the President pccatLuc aeCe lgtTm Highlights FlightTime Crew LaunchDate Spacecraft ou 3Ar 0 99Gog .Iao :31Failedtoachievedockingwith Salyut6station. DockedwithSalyut6,laterservedasferryfor 1:23:1 7:18:17 (unmannedat launch) 108:4:24 June6,1979 GeorgiI.Ivanov DockedwithSalyut6.Hermaszewski wasfirst Apr. 10,1979 7:22:4 VladimirA.Lyakhov 67:20:14 Feb.25,1979 Soyuz 34 DockedwithSalyut6.RemekwasfirstCzech Valery F. Bykovskiy Soyuz 33 9:15:23 7:22:17 Aug.26,1978 PetrI.Klimuk June27,1978 VladimirV. Kovalenok DockedwithSalyut6.Crewreturnedin DockedwithSalyut6.Crewreturnedin AlekseyA.Gubarev June15,1978 37:10:6 FailedtoachieveharddockwithSalyut6 64:22:53 DockedwithSalyut5andoccupiedstation. VladimirA.Dzhanibekov Soyuz 31 Mar. 2,1978 2:0:46 FailedtodockwithSalyut 5. 17:17:23 Soyuz 30 Jan.10,1978 Yury V. Romanenko 2:0:6 VladimirV. Kovalenok Earthresourcesstudywithmultispectralcamera Soyuz 29 Dec.10,1977 DockedwithSalyut5and occupied station. Viktor V. Gorbatko 7:21:54 Soyuz 28 Oct.9,1977 48:1:32 DockedwithSoyuz19injoint (ASTP) Soyuz 27 Vyacheslav Feb.7,1977 D. Zudov 9:1:28 Soyuz 26 Valery F.Oct.14,1976 Bykovskiy Target forApolloindocking andjoint DockedwithSalyut4andoccupiedstation. BorisV. Volynov Soyuz 25 Sep.15,1976 5:22:31 62:23:20 Soyuz 24 July6,1976 ThomasP. Stafford Soyuz 23 July15,1975 AlekseyA.Leonov DockedwithSalyut4andoccupiedstation. Soyuzstagesfailedtoseparate;crewrecovered PetrI.Klimuk July15,1975 29:13:20 Soyuz 21 Test ofApollo-SoyuzTest Project(ASTP) 0:0:20 May24,1975 RendezvousedbutdidnotdockwithSalyut3. 5:22:24 DockedwithSalyut3and Soyuz14crew AleksayA.Gubarev Apollo Astrophysical,biological,andEarthresources 2:0:12 15:17:30 AnatolyV. Filipchenko Soyuz 19 7:20:55 Jan.10,1975 Vasiliy G.Lazarev DockedwithSkylab1inlong-duration mission; Soyuz 18 Dec.2,1974 GennadyV. Sarafanov Apr. 5,1975 84:1:16 PavelR.Popovich Anomaly (Soyuz18A) Aug.26,1974 Soyuz 17 July3,1974 PetrI.Klimuk Soyuz 16 Dec.18,1973 GeraldP. Carr Soyuz 15 Nov. 16,1973 Soyuz 14 Soyuz 13 Skylab 4 U.S. andRussianHumanSpaceFlights 1961–September 30,1997 aeyV ymncrewduration175 days,36min. crewduration7days, 20hrs.,49min. Polishcosmonaut toorbit. cosmonauttoorbit. Nikolay N.Rukavishnikov Valery V. Ryumin crewduration139days,14hrs.,48min. Sigmund Jaehn Soyuz27;crewduration96days,10hrs. station. Miroslaw Hermaszewski Aleksandr S.Ivanchenkov Vladimir Remek Oleg G.Makarov system. Georgiy M.Grechko Valery V. Ryumin experimentsofASTPmission. Yury N.Glazkov experimentsofASTPmission. Valery I.Rozhdestvenskiy Vladimir V. Aksenov afterabort. Vitaliy M.Zholobov Vance D.Brand Donald K.Slayton Valery N.Kubasov configuration. occupiedspacestation. Vitaliy I.Sevastyanov Oleg G.Makarov experiments. Georgiy M.Grechko lastofSkylabprogram. Nikolay N.Rukavishnikov Lev S.Demin Yury P. Artyukhin Valentin V. Lebedev William R.Pogue Edward G.Gibson A (Continued) PPENDIX (days:hrs:min) C Docked withSalyut6.CrewreturnedinSoyuz34; Docked withSalyut6.CrewreturnedinSoyuz29; Docked withSalyut6.CrewreturnedinSoyuz31; without acrew. Soyuz 32crewwhilereturned Ivanov wasfirstBulgariancosmonaut toorbit. cosmonaut toorbit. Jaehn wasfirstGermanDemocraticRepublic Soyuz 26;crewduration5days,22hrs.,59min. 45 Fiscal Year 1997 Activities ested remote manipulator Farkas was first Hungarian to orbit. to orbit. Pham was first Vietnamese 1). T payload (OSTA arm. Returned for reuse. manipulator arm. Flight extended 1 day because of flooding at primary landing site; alternate landing site used. Returned for reuse. Completed testing program. Returned for reuse. spacesuits malfunctioned. Docked with . Crew returned in . Docked with Salyut 6. Crew returned in . Docked with Salyut 6. Crew Docked with Salyut 6. Crew returned in . Second flight of ; first scientific C (days:hrs:min) PPENDIX (Continued) A Valery V. Ryumin V. Valery Bertalan Farkas AksenovVladimir V. Pham Tuan MendezArnaldo Tamayo Crew duration 184 days, 20 hrs., 12 min. Oleg G. MakarovGennady M. Strekalov 20 hrs., 46 min. Crew duration 7 days, generation ferry. Savinykh P. Viktor Jugderdemidiyn Gurragcha to orbit. Crew duration 7 days, 20 hrs., 42 min. Robert L. Crippen in Soviet program since 1971. cosmonaut to orbit. orbit for reuse. to orbit. Valentin LebedevValentin Aleksandr IvanchenkovJean-Loup Chrétien cosmonaut to orbit. Crew returned in Soyuz T-7. Aleksandr SerebrovSvetlana Savitskaya AllenJoseph P. B. LenoirWilliam Donald H. Peterson to orbit. Crew returned in Soyuz T-5. test canceled when (SBS 3 and Anik C-3); first flight with four crew members. EVA 1961–September 30, 1997 1961–September U.S. and Russian Human Space Flights Human Space U.S. and Russian (STS-6) Karol J. Bobko (STS-1)(STS-3) C. Gordon Fullerton orbit. First landing of airplane-like craft from payload (OSS 1). Second test of remote (STS-4) Hartsfield, Jr. Henry W. July 4. additional scientific payloads. Returned (STS-5) Overmyer Robert F. flight; launched two commercial satellites (STS-2) Richard H. Truly Columbia Columbia Columbia Columbia Challenger Columbia Soyuz 35 9, 1980 Apr. Leonid I. Popov 55:1:29 Spacecraft Date Launch Soyuz 36 CrewSoyuz T-2Soyuz 37 May 26, 1980 N. Kubasov Valery Flight TimeSoyuz 38 June 5, 1980 Highlights Soyuz T-3 Malyshev V. Yury July 23, 1980 65:20:54 Gorbatko V. Soyuz T-4 Viktor Sep. 18, 1980Soyuz 39 27, 1980 Nov. 3:22:21 Romanenko V. Yury 79:15:17 Space Shuttle Leonid D. Kizim crewed flight of new- Docked with Salyut 6. First 12, 1981 Mar. 7:20:43Soyuz 40 Kovalenok Vladimir V. Apr .12, 1981 22, 1981 Mar. cosmonaut was first Cuban Docked with Salyut 6. Tamayo 12:19:8 Young John W. 74:18:38 Vladimir A. DzhanibekovSpace Shuttle three-person flight Docked with Salyut 6. First Docked with Salyut 6. 7:20:43 May 14, 1981Space Shuttle 12, 1981 Docked with Salyut 6. Gurragcha first Mongolian Nov. Leonid I. Popov Joe H. Engle 2:6:21 22, 1982 Mar. First flight of Space Shuttle; tested spacecraft in Jack R. Lousma 7:20:41 first Romanian Docked with Salyut 6. Prunariu 2:6:13 8:4:49 Third flight of Space Shuttle; second scientific Soyuz T-5Soyuz T-6Space Shuttle May 13, 1982 June 24, 1982 Anatoly Berezovoy June 27, 1982 Thomas K. Mattingly II 211:9:5 7:21:51 Docked with . Crew duration of 211 days. 7:1:9 Docked with Salyut 7. Chrétien first French Fourth flight of Space Shuttle; first DoD payload; Soyuz T-7Space Shuttle Aug. 19, 1982 11, 1982 Nov. Leonid PopovSpace Shuttle D. Brand Vance 4, 1983 Apr. 7:21:52 Paul J. Weitz 5:2:14 Docked with Salyut 7. Savitskaya second woman Fifth flight of Space Shuttle; first operational 5:0:24 Sixth flight of Space Shuttle; launched TDRS-1. 46

Aeronautics and Space Report of the President pc htl c.5 94Rbr .Cipn852 ThirteenthflightofSpaceShuttle;firstwith 8:5:24 RobertL.Crippen Twelfth flightofSpaceShuttle.First 6:0:56 Oct. 5,1984 DockedwithSalyut7station.FirstfemaleEVA. 11:19:14 Space Shuttle HenryW. Hartsfield EleventhflightofSpaceShuttle;deployment VladimirDzhanibekov Aug.30,1984 DockedwithSalyut7station. Sharmafirst 6:23:41 July17,1984 DockedwithSalyut7station. Crewsetspace 181:21:48 Space Shuttle 62:22:43 RobertL.Crippen Soyuz T-12 Yury Malyshev Apr. 6,1984 Apr. 3,1984 LeonidKizim Space Shuttle Feb.8,1984 Soyuz T-11 Soyuz T-10 pc htl e.3 94VneD rn :31 Tenth flightofSpaceShuttle;twocommunica- 7:23:16 Vance D.Brand Feb.3,1984 Space Shuttle Highlights FlightTime Crew LaunchDate Spacecraft pc htl o.2,18 onW on 074 NinthflightofSpaceShuttle;first 10:7:47 EighthflightofSpaceShuttle;launchedone DockedwithSalyut7station. 6:1:9 JohnW. Young 149:9:46 Nov. 28,1983 SeventhflightofSpaceShuttle;launchedtwo RichardH.Truly Failedtoachievedockingwith Salyut7station. ladimirLyakhov Space Shuttle 6:2:24 Aug.30,1983 2:0:18 June28,1983 Space Shuttle RobertL.Crippen Soyuz T-9 VladimirTitov June18,1983 Apr. 20,1983 Space Shuttle Soyuz T-8 SS4-)KtrnD ulvnoftwoU.S.womenandoneCanadian KathrynD.Sullivan forlaterretrieval;SolarMaximumSatellite RichardM.Mullane (STS 41-G) Challenger Terry J.Hart useofMannedManeuveringUnitinspace. (STS 41-D) Discovery BruceMcCandless (STS 41-C) Challenger (STS 41-B) Challenger Columbia Challenger Challenger SS9 rwtrW hwSpacelab1;firstflightofsixcrewmembers, BrewsterW. Shaw (STS-9) SS8 ailC rnesencommercialsatellite(Insat1-B);firstflightof commercialsatellites(AnikC-2andPalapa DanielC.Brandenstein FrederickH.Hauck (STS-8) (STS-7) U.S. andRussianHumanSpaceFlights 1961–September 30,1997 al .Rd (Garneau). sevencrewmembers, includingfirstflight Marc Garneau U.S.nonastronaut. Paul D.Scully-Power David Leestma Sally K.Ride Jon A.McBride retrieved,repaired,andredeployed. Charles D.Walker Judith A.Resnick Long-DurationExposureFacility(LDEF-1) Steven A.Hawley SoyuzT-10. Michael L.Coats inSoyuzT-11. Indianinspace.Crewreturned Igor Volk Svetlana Savistskaya durationrecordof 237 days.Crewreturned James D.vanHoften George D.Nelson Frances R.Scobee tionsatellitesfailedtoachieveorbit;first Oleg Atkov Vladimir Solovev Roben L.Stewart Ronald E.McNair Robert L.Gibson yo .Lctneg(Merbold). astronauttoflyinU.S.spaceprogram oneofwhomwasWest German;firstnon-U.S. Ulf Merbold Byron K.Lichtenberg Robert A.R.Parker Garriott K. Owen aeA ade U.S.blackastronaut. firstflightwithfivecrewmembers,including firstwomanU.S.astronaut. B-1);alsolaunchedandretrievedSPAS 01; William E.Thornton Guion S.Bluford,Jr. Dale A.Gardner Aleksandr Aleksandrov Norman T. Thagard Sally K.Ride John M.Fabian Aleksandr Serebrov Gennady Strekalov A (Continued) PPENDIX (days:hrs:min) C 47 Fiscal Year 1997 Activities Sept. 26, 1985. became ill. Vasyutin C (days:hrs:min) PPENDIX (Continued) A David M. WalkerAnna L. Fisher Dale A. Gardner Loren J. Shriver Buchli James F. Gary E. Payton Donald E. Williams and return of two disabled communications S. David Griggs Jeffrey A. Hoffman Charles D. Walker E. J. Garn Frederick D. GregoryNorman E. Thagard satellites. First U.S. Senator in space (Garn). E. Thornton William Lodewijk van den Berg Wang Taylor SavinykhViktor of Shuttle. John O. CreightonJohn M. FabianSteven R. Nagel Patrick Baudry Prince Sultan Salman Al-Saud Roy D. Bridges spacecraft, Earth with Grechko on Soyuz T-13 England Anthony W. Story Musgrave F. satellites. One reusable payload, Spartan-1. Acton Loren W. Bartoe John-David F. Arabian crew members. Richard O. Covey Fisher F. William John M. Lounge Georgiy GrechkoAleksandr VolkovRonald J. Grabe cations satellites. Repaired Syncom IV-3. David C. Hilmers A. Pailes William and Vladimir Vasyutin Aleksandr Volkov, 21, 1985, when returned to Earth Nov. 1961–September 30, 1997 1961–September U.S. and Russian Human Space Flights Human Space U.S. and Russian Discovery (STS 51-A)Discovery (STS 51-C)Discovery (STS 51-D) Allen Joseph P. Challenger Ellison S. Onizuka (STS 51-B) M. 6, Palapa B2) to Earth. satellites (Westar Discovery (STS 51-G) Don L. Lind Challenger (STS 51-F) Lucid Shannon W. Discovery (STS 51-I) Karl C. Henize First U.S. flight with French and Saudi Atlantis (STS 51-J) James D. van Hoften Robert A. Stewart Space Shuttle 8, 1984 Nov. Frederick H. Hauck 7:23:45 first retrieval Fourteenth flight of Space Shuttle; Spacecraft Date Launch CrewSpace Shuttle Jan. 24, 1985 Flight TimeSpace Shuttle Thomas K. Mattingly Highlights 12, 1985 Apr. 3:1:33 J. Bobko Karol Space Shuttle DoD mission. Fifteenth STS flight. Dedicated 29, 1985 Apr. 6:23:55 Overmyer F. Robert communications Sixteenth STS flight. Two Soyuz T-13Space Shuttle 7:0:9 June 5, 1985 Seventeenth STS flight. -3 in cargo bay June 17, 1985 Vladimir Dzhanibekov Daniel C. BrandensteinSpace Shuttle 112:3:12 of Salyut-7. Dzhanibekov returned to Repair 7:1:39 July 29, 1985 Eighteenth STS flight. Three communications Charles G. FullertonSpace Shuttle 7:22:45 Aug. 27, 1985Soyuz T-14 Nineteenth STS flight. Spacelab-2 in cargo bay. Joe H. EngleSpace Shuttle Sep. 17, 1985 Vladimir Vasyutin Oct. 3, 1985 7:2:18 three communi STS flight. Launched Twentieth Karol J. Bobko 64:21:52 Savinykh, Docked with Salyut 7 station. Viktor 4:1:45 STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. Twenty-first 48

Aeronautics and Space Report of the President ou M7Nv 6 98AesnrVlo 5:1Dockedwith 151:11 AleksandrVolkov Nov. 26, 1988 Soyuz TM-7 Highlights FlightTime Crew LaunchDate Spacecraft pc htl e.2,18 rdrc .Huk41Twenty-sixth STSflight.LaunchedTDRS-3. 4:1 Dockedwith Dockedwith 8:19:27 9:20:13 FrederickH.Hauck Dockedwith Sep. 29,1988 VladimirLyakhov 180:5 Aug.29,1988 Space Shuttle June7, 1988 Soyuz TM-6 VladimirTitov Dockedwith Dockedwith Dec.21,1987 Soyuz TM-5 160:7:16 Dockedwith 174:3:26 125:1:1 AleksandrViktorenko Soyuz TM-4 July22,1987 Yury Romanenko Feb.5,1987 Twenty-fourth STSflight.Launchedonecom LeonidKizim Soyuz TM-3 6:2:4 Mar. 13,1986 Soyuz TM-2 Soyuz T-15 RobertL.Gibson Twenty-third STSflight.Launchedthreecom Jan.12,1986 6:22:54 Space Shuttle BrewsterH.Shaw Twenty-second STSflight.DedicatedGerman Nov. 27,1985 7:0:45 Space Shuttle HenryW. Hartsfield Oct.30,1985 HouseofRepresentativesinspace(Bill astronaut(NeriVela). FranklinChang-Diaz MaryL.Cleve (STS 61-C) Columbia BonnieJ.Dunbar (STS 61-B) Atlantis (STS 61-A) Challenger SS2)RichardO.Covey (STS-26) U.S. andRussianHumanSpaceFlights 1961–September 30,1997 egyKiae returnedwithChrétien, VladimirTitov, andMusaManarov. Titov andManarov Jean-Loup Chrétien Sergey Krikalev George D.Nelson David C.Hilmers John M.Lounge bu omn inSoyuzTM-5. Afghanistaniinspace. CrewreturnedSept.7, Bulgarianinspace. CrewreturnedJun.17in SoyuzTM-4. Romanenko,AleksandrAleksandrov, and AnatolyLevchenkoreturnedDec.29in Abdul Mohmand Valery Polyakov returnedwithYury Romanenko.Viktorenko Aleksandur Aleksandrov Aleksandrov remainedin Anatoly Levchenko establishedlong-distancestayinspacerecord Musa Manarov transferredtoSalyut7complex.OnJune25/26 Mohammed Faris Aleksandr Aleksandrov Nelson). Aleksandr Laveykin municationssatellite.FirstmemberofU.S. Solovyov Vladimir Bill Nelson Roger Cenker George D.Nelson municationssatellites.FirstflightofMexican Steve A.Hawley Charles F. BoldenJr. Charles D.Walker Rudolfo NeriVela SpacelabD-1inshuttlecargobay.Jerry L.Ross C.Spring Sherwood Bryan D.O’Connor Wubbo J.Ockels(ESA) Reinhard Furrer(FRG) Ernst Messerschmid Guion S.Bluford,Jr. James F. Buchli Steven R.Nagel A (Continued) PPENDIX (days:hrs:min) C returned Apr. 27,1989,in SoyuzTM-7. Krikalev, Volkov, andValery Polyakov completed 366-daymissionDec.21. Crewof Soyuz TM-3. medical problems.FarisfirstSyrianinspace. with AleksandrLaveykinwhoexperienced and FarisreturnedinSoyuzTM-2,July30, of 326days. transferred fromSalyut7backto Mir Mir Mir Mir Mir Mir space station.SoyuzTM-6 space station;Mohmandfirst space station;Aleksandrovfirst space station.CrewofYury space station.Aleksandr space station.Romanenko space stationonMay5/6 Mir 160 days, Mir . 49 Fiscal Year 1997 Activities space station. Crew of space station. Crew returned space station. Crew returned Mir Mir Mir Soyuz TM-8, Feb. 9, 1990. Japanese cosmonaut and journalist in space. C (days:hrs:min) PPENDIX (Continued) A Richard M. Mullane Jerry L. Ross M. Shepherd William Bagian James P. Buchli James F. Robert C. Springer Nomman E. Thagard Mary L. Cleave Mark C. Lee James C. Adamson David C. Leestma Mark N. Brown Lucid Shannon W. Franklin R. Chang-Diaz Ellen S. Baker Kathryn C. Thornton Story Musgrave F. Manley L. “Sonny” Carter Bonnie J. Dunbar Marsha S. Ivins G. David Low David C. Hilmers Richard H. Mullane Pierre J. Thuot Steven A. Hawley Bruce McCandless II Kathryn D. Sullivan Aleksandr Serebrov and Serebrov returned in Viktorenko Aleksandr Balandin Aug. 9, 1990, in Soyuz TM-9. Gennady Strekalov Akiyama, Dec. 10, 1990, with Toyohiro 1961–September 30, 1997 1961–September U.S. and Russian Human Space Flights Human Space U.S. and Russian (STS-29) John E. Blaha (STS-28) Richard N. Richards (STS-33)(STS-32) John E. Blaha James D. Wetherbee(STS-31) mission. and retrieved LDEF. Bolden, Jr. Charles F. (HST). Telescope (STS-27) Guy S. Gardner(STS-30) Ronald J. Grabe mission. (STS-34) Magellan launched. Michael J. McCulley and orbiter . (STS-36) John H. Casper mission. Atlantis Discovery Atlantis Columbia Atlantis Discovery Columbia Discovery Atlantis Space Shuttle Dec. 2, 1988 “Hoot” Gibson Robert 4:9:6 STS flight. Dedicated DoD Twenty-seventh Spacecraft Date Launch CrewSpace Shuttle 13, 1989 Mar. Flight TimeSpace Shuttle Michael L. Coats Highlights May 4, 1989Space Shuttle 4:23:39 David M. Walker STS flight. Launched TDRS-4. Twenty-eighth Aug. 8, 1989Soyuz TM-8 Brewster H. Shaw 4:0:57Space Shuttle orbiter STS flight. Venus Twenty-ninth Sep. 5, 1989 Oct. 18, 1989 Viktorenko Aleksandr 5:1Space Shuttle E. Williams Donald Thirtieth STS flight. Dedicated DoD mission. 166:6 23, 1989 Nov. Docked with Space Shuttle 4:23:39 Frederick D. Gregory Thirty-first STS flight. Launched Jupiter probe Jan. 9, 1990Soyuz TM-9 5:0:7 Daniel C. Brandenstein STS flight. Dedicated DoD Thirty-second 1990 Feb. 11, 10:21 Anatoly Solovyov Space Shuttle Syncom IV-5 Thirty-third STS flight. Launched 178:22:19 24, 1990 Apr. Soyuz TM-10 Docked with Loren J. Shriver Aug. 1, 1990 Manakov Gennady 5:1:16 Thirty-fifth STS flight. Launched Hubble Space 130:20:36 Docked with Space Shuttle Feb. 28, 1990 John O. Creighton 4:10:19 Thirty-fourth STS flight. Dedicated DoD 50

Aeronautics and Space Report of the President pc htl e.1,19 onCegtn582 Forty-thirdSTSflight.LaunchedUpper 5:8:28 Forty-secondSTSflight. Launchedfourth 8:21:21 JohnCreighton Sep.12,1991 JohnE.Blaha Space Shuttle Aug. 2,1991 Space Shuttle pc htl ue5 91BynD ’onr921 Forty-firstSTSflight.CarriedSpacelabLife 9:2:15 BryanD.O’Conner June 5,1991 Space Shuttle ou M1 a 8 91AaoyAteasi 4:52 Dockedwith 144:15:22 AnatolyArtsebarskiy May18,1991 Soyuz TM-12 pc htl p.2,19 ihe .Cas872 FortiethSTSflight.DedicatedDoDmission. 8:7:22 Thirty-ninthSTSflight.LaunchedGammaRay 6:0:32 MichaelL.Coats Apr. 28,1991 Dockedwith 175:01:52 StevenR.Nagel Space Shuttle Apr. 5,1991 Viktor Afanasyev Dec.2,1990 Space Shuttle Soyuz TM-11 pc htl e.2 90VneD rn :35Thirty-eighthSTSflight.Astro-1incargobay. 8:23:5 Thirty-seventhSTSflight.DedicatedDoD Vance D.Brand 4:21:55 Dec.2,1990 Highlights RichardO.Covey Space Shuttle FlightTime Nov. 15,1990 Space Shuttle Crew LaunchDate Spacecraft pc htl c.6 90RcadN ihrs421 Thirty-sixthSTSflight.Ulyssesspacecraftto 4:2:10 RichardN.Richards Oct.6,1990 Space Shuttle Discovery Atlantis Columbia Discovery Atlantis Columbia Atlantis Discovery SS4)McalA ae Tracking andDataRelaySatellite MichaelA.Baker (STS-43) SS3)KnehD aeo Observatorytomeasurecelestialgamma-rays. KennethD.Cameron (STS-37) SS3)FakL ubrsn r mission. FrankL.Culbertson,Jr. (STS-38) SS4)KnehRihlr r AtmosphereResearchSatellite(UARS). KennethReightler, Jr. (STS-48) SS4)Sde .GterzSciences(SLS-1)incargobay. SidneyM.Gutierrez (STS-40) SS3)BlaineHammond,Jr. (STS-39) SS3)GuyS.Gardner (STS-35) SS4)Rbr .Cbn investigateinterstellarspaceandtheSun. RobertD.Cabana (STS-41) U.S. andRussianHumanSpaceFlights 1961–September 30,1997 Mark N.Brown James F. Buchli Charles D.Gemar hno .Lcd(TDRS-5). James C.Adamson G. DavidLow Shannon W. Lucid Millie Hughes-Fulford Francis A.“Drew”Gaffney M. RheaSeddon Tamara E.Jernigan James P. Bagian ee hra CrewofViktor Afanasyev, MusaManarov, firstfromUnitedKingdomtoflyinspace. Helen Sharman Sergei Krikalev Richard J.Hieb Lacy Veach Guion S.Bluford,Jr. Donald R.McMonagle Gregory L.Harbaugh uaMnrvAkiyamareturnedDec.10,1990,with previous Jay Apt Jerry L.Ross Linda Godwin Musa Manarov Robert A.R.Parker John M.“Mike”Lounge Jeffrey A.Hoffman Carl J.Meade Robert C.Springer Charles “Sam”Gemar Thomas D.Akers William M.Shepherd Bruce E.Melnick A (Continued) PPENDIX (days:hrs:min) C and GennadyStrekalov. and KrikalevdoingsoMar. 25,1992. Mir Artsebarskiy andKrikalevremainedonboard and HelenSharmanreturnedMay20,1991. , withArtsebarskiyreturningOct.10,1991, Mir Mir Mir crew ofGennadyManakov space station.HelenSharman space station.Toyohiro 51 Fiscal Year 1997 Activities space station. Crew returned space station. Crew returned space station Jul. 29. Tognini orbital complex and returned to Mir Mir Mir space station Mar. 19. The TM-13 space station Mar. space station. Earth in the descent vehicle of the TM-15 spacecraft on Feb. 1, 1993. Mir Krikalev had been in space 313 days. and Kaleri remained on the Viktorenko Mir spent over six months Solovyov and Avdeyev in the C (days:hrs:min) PPENDIX (Continued) A Jim Voss Story Musgrave Mario Runco, Jr. Hennen Tom Norman E. Thagard David C. Hilmers Readdy F. William Roberta L. Bondar Ulf Merbold (ESA) Alexandr Kaleri Klaus-Dietrich Flade (Germany)Kathryn D. SullivanDavid C. Leestma and Aleksandr Volkov, capsule with Flade, Dirk D. Frimout Byron K. Lichtenberg 25. to Earth Mar. Sergei Krikalev returned Richard J. Hieb Bruce E. Melnick Pierre J. Thuot (ATLAS-1). Kathryn C. Thornton Thomas D. Akers Bonnie Dunbar Ellen Baker Carl Meade Toktar AubakirovToktar (Kazakh Republic) (Austria) Franz Viehboeck Oct. 10, 1991, with Anatoly Artsebarsky in the TM-12 spacecraft. Sergei Avdeyev (France) and Alexandr Kaleri. Alexandr Viktorenko TM-14 capsule with returned to Earth in 1961–September 30, 1997 1961–September U.S. and Russian Human Space Flights Human Space U.S. and Russian (STS-49) Chilton Kevin P. VI . (STS-42) Stephen S. Oswald Microgravity Laboratory-1 in cargo bay. (STS-50) Kenneth D. Bowersox Microgravity Laboratory-1. (STS-45) Laboratory for Applications and Science (STS-44) Henricks Tom Support Program (DSP) satellite. Discovery Atlantis Endeavour Columbia Atlantis Soyuz TM-13 Oct. 2, 1991 Volkov Aleksandr 90:16:00 Docked with Spacecraft Date Launch Crew Flight TimeSpace Shuttle Highlights Jan. 22, 1992 Ronald J. GrabeSoyuz TM-14 17, 1992 Mar. 8:1:12 Viktorenko Alexandr Space ShuttleSTS flight. Carried International Forty-fifth 145:15:11 manned CIS space mission. Docked with First Mar . 24, 1992 Bolden Charles F. Space Shuttle 9:0:10 May 7, 1992 Forty-sixth STS flight. Carried Atmospheric Daniel C. BrandensteinSpace Shuttle 8:16:17 June 25, 1992 Forty-seventh STS flight. Reboosted a crippled Soyuz TM-15 Richard N. Richards July 27, 1992 13:19:30 Anatoly Solovyov Forty-eighth STS flight. Carried U.S. 189:17:43 Docked with Space Shuttle 24, 1991 Nov. Frederick D. Gregory 6:22:51 Forty-fourth STS flight. Launched Defense 52

Aeronautics and Space Report of the President pc htl ue2,19 oadJ rb :34 Fifty-sixthSTSflight.CarriedSpacelabcom 9:23:46 RonaldJ.Grabe June 21,1993 Space Shuttle pc htl p.2,19 tvnR ae 92:9Fifty-fifthSTSflight.Completedsecond 9:23:39 StevenR.Nagel Apr. 26,1993 Space Shuttle pc htl p.8 93KnehD aeo :: Fifty-fourthSTSflight.Completedsecondflight 9:6:9 Dockedwith KennethD.Cameron 179:0:44 Apr. 8,1993 Fifty-thirdSTSflight.DeployedTracking and 6:23:39 GennadyManakov Space Shuttle Jan.24,1993 JohnH.Casper Soyuz TM-16 Jan.13,1993 Space Shuttle pc htl e.2 92DvdM akr771 Fifty-secondSTSflight.Deployedthelastmajor 7:7:19 DavidM.Walker Dec.2,1992 Space Shuttle Highlights FlightTime Crew LaunchDate Spacecraft pc htl c.2,19 ae .Wtebe92:7Fifty-firstSTSflight.Studiedinfluenceof 9:20:57 FiftiethSTSflight.CarriedSpacelabJ.Jemison JamesD.Wetherbee 7:22:30 Oct.22,1992 Space Shuttle Forty-ninthSTSflight.DeployedTethered RobertL.Gibson 7:23:16 Sep.12,1992 Space Shuttle LorenJ.Shriver Jul.31,1992 Columbia Discovery Endeavour Discovery Columbia Endeavour Atlantis SS4)Ade .AlnSatelliteSystem-1andEureka-1. AndrewM.Allen (STS-46) SS5)TrneT ercsGermanmicrogravityresearchprogramin Terence T. Henricks (STS-55) SS5)SehnS sadofAtmosphericLaboratoryforApplications StephenS.Oswald (STS-56) SS5)Rbr .Cbn DoDclassifiedpayloadplannedforShuttle RobertD.Cabana (STS-53) SS5)McalA ae gravityonbasicfluidandsolidification MichaelA.Baker (STS-52) (STS-57) Brian J. Duffy mercial payload module andretrieved mercialpayloadmodule BrianJ.Duffy (STS-57) SS5)Dnl .MMngeDataRelaySatellite-6.OperatedDiffused DonaldR.McMonagle (STS-54) SS4)Cri .Bon r firstAfricanAmericanwomantoflyin CurtisL.Brown,Jr. (STS-47) U.S. andRussianHumanSpaceFlights 1961–September 30,1997 .DvdLwEuropeanRetrievable Carrier inorbitsince August1992. SpacelabD-2. Janice E.Voss Peter J.K.Wisoff Nancy J.Sherlock G. DavidLow Hans W. Schlegel(Germany) Ulrich Walter (Germany) Bernard A.Harris,Jr. Charles J.Precourt Jerry L.Ross .McalFaeandSciencedeployedSPARTAN-201. Kenneth D.Cockerell C. MichaelFoale lkad oehhkJuly22,1993,theTM-16descentcabin collectdataonstarsandgalacticgases. X-raySpectrometer Hitchhikerexperimentto (DoD1)withtendifferentsecondarypayloads. Aleksandr Poleshchuk Susan J.Helms Mario Runco,Jr. Gregory J.Harbaugh Michael RichardClifford James S.Voss Jr. Bluford, S. Guion tvnG aLa andCanadianTarget Satellite DeployedsecondLaserGeodynamics Assembly. Payload-1inaninternationalmission. processesusing U.S.Microgravity Steven G.MacLean Charles L.Veach Tamara E.Jernigan William M.Shepherd .JnDvsinspacetogether. spacecraft.LeeandDavisfirstmarriedcouple space.MohrifirstJapanesetoflyonNASA Mamoru Mohri Mae C.Jemison N. JanDavis Mark C.Lee Franco Malerba(Italy) Franklin R.Chang-Diaz Jeffrey A.Hoffman Marsha S.Ivins Claude Nicollier(ESA) A (Continued) PPENDIX (days:hrs:min) C Haignere fromSoyuzTM-17onboard. Poleschuk, andFrenchcosmonautJean-Pierre landed backonEarthwithManakov, Mir space stationJan.26.On 53 Fiscal Year 1997 Activities Mir space station July 3. Haignere space station July 3. Haignere space station Jan. 10. space station July 3. Both in the attempt to establish a new Mir Mir Mir Mir Jan. 14, 1994. aboard record for endurance in space. Earth with the Soyuz TM-19 spacecraft, 4 together landing in on Nov. who went up with Ulf Merbold of Germany, aboard Soyuz TM-20 on Oct 3, 1994. Merbold gathered biological samples on the effects of weightlessness on the human body body in the first of two ESA missions to to prepare for the International Space Station. C (days:hrs:min) PPENDIX (Continued) A James H. Newman BurschDaniel W. Carl E. Walz LucidShannon W. David A. Wolf S. McArthur William Martin J. Fettman communications satellite technology and AkersTom U.S./German ORFEUS-SPAS. Jeffrey A. Hoffman Kathryn C. Thornton Claude Nicollier Story Musgrave F. M. Rhea Seddon of microgravity on human and animal subjects. . Aleksandr SerebrovJean-Pierre Haignere with Soyuz TM-16. Serebrov returned to Earth landed in TM-17 spacecraft on and Tsibliyev UsachevYuri PolyakovValery spacecraft on July 9, 1994. Polyakov remained Afanasyev and Usachev landed in the TM-18 N. Jan DavisRonald M. SegaFranklin R. Chang-DiazSergei K. Krikalev ()Pierre J. ThuotCharles D. Gemar Marsha S. Ivins Russia and the United States. new era in cooperation in space between Jerome AptMichael R. Clifford presence signified a Krikalev’s SPACEHAB. films for advanced electronics. Also carried Linda M. Godwin Thomas D. Jones and other areas. processing, biotechnology, and carbon, water, energy cycles. and the effects humans have on its Earth Talgat A. MusabayevTalgat Malenchenko and Musabayev returned to 1961–September 30, 1997 1961–September U.S. and Russian Human Space Flights Human Space U.S. and Russian (STS-61) Kenneth D. Bowersoxthe scientific capabilitities and reliability of (STS-59) Chilton Kevin P. Radar Laboratory-1 to gather data on the (STS-51)(STS-58) Readdy F. William Richard A. Searfoss satellite to serve as testbed for new Sciences-2 payload to determine the effects (STS-60)(STS-62) Jr. Kenneth S. Reightler, Andrew M. Allen Facility to generate new semi-conductor Payload-2 to conduct experiments in materials Discovery Columbia Endeavour Discovery Columbia Endeavour Soyuz TM-17 July 1, 1993 Tsibliyev Vasiliy 196:17:45 Docked with Spacecraft Date Launch CrewSpace Shuttle Sep. 12, 1993Space Shuttle Flight Time Jr. Frank L. Culbertson, Highlights 9:20:11 Oct. 18, 1993 Fifty-seventh STS flight. Deployed ACTS John E. BlahaSpace Shuttle Dec. 2, 1993 14:0:29 O. Covey Richard Soyuz TM-18 Carried Spacelab Life Fifty-eighth STS flight. 10:19:58 Jan. 8, 1994 Fifty-ninth STS flight. Restored planned Afanasyev Viktor 182:0:27with Docked Space Shuttle Feb. 3, 1994Space Shuttle Bolden, Jr. F. Charles 9, 1994 Mar. 8:7:9Space Shuttle John H. Casper Shield Sixtieth STS flight. Carried the Wake 9, 1994 Apr. Soyuz TM-19 Sidney M. Gutierrez 13:23:17 Sixty-first STS flight. Carried U.S. Microgravity 1, 1994 July 11:5:50 STS flight. Carried the Space Sixty-second I. Malenchenko Yuri 125:22:53 Docked with 54

Aeronautics and Space Report of the President pc htl a.2 95SehnS sad1:58Sixty-eighthSTSflight.LongestShuttlemission 16:15:8 StephenS.Oswald Mar. 2,1995 Sixty-seventhSTSflight.Primaryobjective:first Space Shuttle 8:6:28 JamesD.Wetherbee Feb.3,1995 Sixty-sixthSTSflight.Threemainpayloads:the Space Shuttle 10:22:34 DonaldR.McMonagle Nov. 3,1994 Space Shuttle ou M2 c.3 94AesnrVkoek *SoyuzTM-19returnedtoEarthonNov. 4,1994, * Sixty-fifthSTSflight.UsedSpaceRadar AlexsandrViktorenko 11:5:36 Oct.3,1994 MichaelA.Baker Soyuz TM-20 Sep.30,1994 Space Shuttle pc htl e.9 94RcadN ihrs1:25 Sixty-fourthSTSflight.UsedLIDARIn-Space 10:22:50 RichardN.Richards Highlights Sep.9,1994 FlightTime Space Shuttle Crew LaunchDate Spacecraft pc htl uy8 94Rbr .Cbn 41:5Sixty-thirdSTSflight.CarriedInternational 14:17:55 RobertD.Cabana July8,1994 Space Shuttle Endeavour Discovery Atlantis Endeavour Discovery Columbia SS6)Cri .Bon r thirdAtmosphericLaboratoryforApplications CurtisL.Brown,Jr. (STS-66) SS6)Ele .Cliscloseencounterinnearly20yearsbetween EileenM.Collins (STS-63) SS6)L lieHmod r Technology Experimenttoperformatmos L.BlaineHammond,Jr. (STS-64) SS6)JmsD asl,J.MicrogravityLaboratory-2toconductresearch JamesD.Halsell,Jr. (STS-65) SS6)WlimG rgr todate.Primarypayloadwasatrioofultra- William G.Gregory (STS-67) SS6)Trec .WlutLaboratory-2toprovidescientistswithdata to Terrence W. Wilcutt (STS-68) U.S. andRussianHumanSpaceFlights 1961–September 30,1997 aieE osStation.(Shuttleflewclosebyto toestablishmentof InternationalSpace Americanand Russian spacecraftasaprelude Janice E.Voss C. MichaelFoale Bernard A.Harris,Jr. onM rnfl violettelescopescalled Astro-2. Samuel T. Durrance Ronald A.Parise Tamara E.Jernigan Wendy B.Lawrence John M.Grunsfeld Payloads: Spacehab3experimentsandShuttle SPAS-1), andthe ShuttleSolarBackscatter andScience(ATLAS-3), thefirstCryogenic Vladimir G.Titov (Russia) InfraredSpectrometersandTelescopes forthe Atmosphere-ShuttlePalletSatellite(CRISTA- Scott E.Parazynski (ESA) Clervoy Jean-Francois Joseph R.Tanner Ellen Ochoa l ebl EA andUlfMerbold.Valeriy Polyakovremained withYuri Malenchenko,Talgat Musabayev, changefromothernaturalformsofchange. spacewalkbyastronautsinover10years. Ulf Merbold(ESA) phericresearch.Includedthefirstuntethered Yelena Kondakova Peter J.K.Wisoff Daniel W. Bursch Steven L.Smith Thomas D.Jones Mark C.Lee Carl J.Meade Susan J.Helms J. M.Linenger alE azweightlessness. intothebehaviorofmaterialsandlifeinnear Chiaki Naito-Mukai(Japan) Donald A.Thomas Carl E.Walz Richard J.Hieb A (Continued) PPENDIX (days:hrs:min) C Radar CalibrationSpheres(ODERACS). Test. AlsolaunchedverysmallOrbitalDebris Force MauiOpticalSite(AMOS)Calibration Combustion Experiment(SSCE),andAir (SPARTAN) 204,SolidSurface Pointed AutonomousResearchTool for experiments. also conductedproteincrystalgrowth Ultraviolet (SSBUV)spectrometer. aboard help distinguishhuman-inducedenvironmental Mir . Mir .) Main 55 Fiscal Year 1997 Activities Mir space Mir Mir 20 crew (, Sergei 20 crew (Yuri Mir Avdeev, and Thomas Reiter). Avdeev, on Mar. 22, 1995, with Valeriy Polyakov, Polyakov, Valeriy 22, 1995, with on Mar. and Yelena Alexsandr Viktorenko, Kondakova. Polyakov set world record by remaining in space for 438 days. and Strekalov, Gennady M. Dezhurov, ). Thagard set an American record by remaining in space for 115 days. C (days:hrs:min) PPENDIX (Continued) A Chris A. Hadfield (CSA)Jerry L. Ross Jr. S. McArthur, William Leroy Chiao E. ScottWinston (Japan)Koichi Wakata Station (ISS) Phase I efforts. Barry Daniel T. UsachyouYuri for ISS construction. to build experience performed spacewalks Japanese Space Flyer Unit satellite. Crew with Gennadi StrekalovNorman Thagard (U.S.)Ellen S. BakerGregory Harbaugh to Earth space station. Soyuz TM-20 returned Bonnie J. Dunbar on a Russian and to stay on the Nancy J. CurrieDonald A. Thomas Mary Ellen Weber Solovyev and Nikolai M. Budarin). Returned 19 crew (Anatoly Y. station. Brought up Mir Sergei Avdeev to Earth with Mir 18 crew (Vladimir N. Thomas Reiter (ESA)James S. Voss James H. Newman Michael L. Gernhardt various biomedical experiments. Catherine G. ColemanMichael Lopez-Alegria Nikolay Budarin). Kathryn C. Thornton with Mir 19 crew (Anatoliy Solovyev and Leslie Fred W. Albert Sacco, Jr. Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) payload. 1961–September 30, 1997 1961–September U.S. and Russian Human Space Flights Human Space U.S. and Russian (STS-72) Jett, Jr. W. Brent Retrieved previously launched Flyer. (STS-69) Kenneth D. Cockrell 201-03. Facility (WSF-2) and SPARTAN (STS-70) R. Kregel Kevin (STS-73) Data Relay Satellite (TDRS). Also conducted Rominger Kent V. gravity experiments with the U.S. (STS-74) James D. Halsell, Jr. space station as part of International Space (STS-71) Charles J. Precourt human spaceflight. Docked with Atlantis Endeavour Atlantis Discovery Endeavour Columbia Space Shuttle Jan. 11, 1996Soyuz TM-23 Brian Duffy Feb. 21, 1996 Onufrienko Yuri 8:22:1 Seventy-fourth STS flight. Deployed OAST * Soyuz TM-22 returned to Earth on Feb. 29, 1996, Soyuz TM-21 14, 1995 Mar. Dezhurov Vladimir * Thagard was the first American astronaut to fly Spacecraft Date Launch CrewSpace Shuttle Flight Time June 27, 1995 Highlights Robert L. GibsonSpace Shuttle 9:19:22 July 13, 1995Soyuz TM-22 STS flight and one hundredth U.S. Sixty-ninth Henricks Terence Space Shuttle Sep. 3, 1995 8:22:20 Gidzenko Yuri Sep. 7, 1995 and Space Shuttle STS flight. Deployed Tracking Seventieth M. Walker David Oct. 20, 1995 Kenneth D. Bowersox 10:20:28 *Space Shuttle Shield Seventy-first STS flight. Deployed Wake 15:21:52 Soyuz TM-21 returned to Earth on Sep. 11, 1995, 12, 1995 Seventy-second STS flight. Carried out micro- Nov. Kenneth D. Cameron 8:4:31 Seventy-third STS flight. Docked with 56

Aeronautics and Space Report of the President pccatLuc aeCe lgtTm Highlights FlightTime Crew LaunchDate Spacecraft pc htl a.1,19 ihe .Bkr1::6FifthShuttlemissionto 10:4:56 MichaelA.Baker SetrecordforlongestShuttleflight.Atage61, Jan. 12, 1997 17:15:53 Space Shuttle KennethD.Cockrell Seventy-ninthSTSflight.Dockedwith Nov. 19,1996 10:3:19 SoyuzTM-23returnedtoEarthonSep.2,1996, Space Shuttle William F. Readdy * Sep.16,1996 ClaudieAndre-Deshays(ESA) Aug.17,1996 Seventy-eighthSTSflight.SetShuttlerecord Space Shuttle 16:21:48 Seventy-seventhSTSflight.Deployed Soyuz TM-24 Terrence T. Henricks 10:2:30 June20,1996 Seventy-sixthSTSflight.Dockedwith JohnH.Casper Space Shuttle 9:5:16 May19,1996 Space Shuttle KevinP. Chilton Seventy-fifthSTSflight.DeployedTethered Mar. 22,1996 13:16:14 Space Shuttle AndrewM.Allen Feb.22,1996 Atlantis Columbia Columbia Endeavour Atlantis Columbia SS7)Trec .Wlutspacestation.PickedupastronautShannon Terrence W. Wilcutt (STS-79) SS8)BetW etreplacedJohnBlahaasU.S.residenton BrentW. Jett (STS-81) spacestationandleftastronautShannon RichardA.Searfoss (STS-76) SS8)Kn .Rmne Musgravebecameoldestpersontoflyin KentV. Rominger forthen-longestflight.CarriedLifeand (STS-80) KevinKregel SatelliteSystem,U.S.MicrogravityPayload (STS-78) ScottJ.Horowitz (STS-75) SS7)Cri .BonSPARTAN/Inflatable AntennaExperiment, CurtisL.Brown (STS-77) U.S. andRussianHumanSpaceFlights 1961–September 30,1997 .SoyMsrv successfullydeployed ORFEUS-SPAS II flights(six)byasingleperson.Crew space.Healsotied recordformostspace LucidanddroppedoffastronautJohnBlaha. F. StoryMusgrave Thomas DavidJones withClaudieAndre-Deshays,Yuri Onufrienko,andYuri Usachev. Tamara E.Jernigan Shannon W. Lucid*** John E.Blaha** Carl E.Walz Thomas D.Akers Jerome Apt MicrogravitySciencesSpacelab. Alexander Kaleri Valery Korzun Robert B.Thirsk(ESA) Jean-Jacques Favier(CSA) SPACEHAB, andPAMS-STU payloads. Charles E.Brady, Jr. Susan J.Helms Richard M.Linnehan module. Lucidaboard Marc Garneau(CSA) Mario Runco,Jr. Daniel W. Bursch Andrew S.W. Thomas (USMP-3),andproteincrystalgrowth Shannon W. experiments. Lucid** Ronald M.Sega Michael R.Clifford Linda M.Godwin Umberto Guidoni(ESA) Franklin R.Chang-Diaz Claude Nicollier(ESA) Maurizio Cheli(ESA) Jeffrey A.Hoffman John E.Blaha*** Jerry M.Linenger** Marsha S.Ivins John M.Grunsfeld Peter J.K.“Jeff”Wisoff A (Continued) PPENDIX (days:hrs:min) C Facility payloads. ultraviolet observatoryandWake Shield Mir. Also carriedSPACEHAB Mir . JerryLinenger Mir Mir Mir . 57 Fiscal Year 1997 Activities . . David Wolf . Parazynski . Mir Mir Mir . Michael Foale Mir Environmental Effects Payload Mir Lazutkin. robotic arm. C space station. (days:hrs:min) Mir PPENDIX (Continued) space station. A Mir C. Michael Foale*** module. Jean-Loup Chretien B. LawrenceWendy David A. Wolf** experiments from the exterior of the docking module a solar array cover cap for and left possible future repair of the damaged Aleksandr LazutkinReinhold EwaldJoseph R. Tanner Steven A. Hawley Gregory J. Harbaugh Mark C. Lee Steven L. Smith Korzun, 1997, with Reinhold Ewald, Valery Janice VossMichael L. Gernhardt and Alexandr Kaleri. Donald A. Thomas Roger K. Crouch Linteris Gregory T. of the mission. early termination Shuttle fuel cell malfunction necessitated an Scott E. ParazynskiVladimir Titov performed a spacewalk to retrieve and Titov four Jean-François Clervoy Carlos I. Noriega Lu Edward Tsang Kondakova Elena V. Michael Foale** Jerry M. Linenger*** Janice VossMichael L. Gernhardt Donald A. Thomas Roger K. Crouch Linteris Gregory T. Pavel VinogradovN. Jan DavisRobert L. Curbeam, Jr.Stephen K. Robinson proceeded successfully. TryggvasonBjarni V. and Alesandr Tsibliev 1997, with Vasily experiments on ultraviolet radiation. The crew also successfully performed the Japanese Manipulator Flight Demonstration of a an international Hitchhiker package of four 1961–September 30, 1997 1961–September U.S. and Russian Human Space Flights Human Space U.S. and Russian (STS-82)(STS-83) Scott J. Horowitz Susan L. Still mission of the Hubble Space Telescope. the first Microgravity Science Laboratory. (STS-94) Susan L. Still(STS-85) Rominger Kent V. Mission Microgravity Science Laboratory. on infrared radiation and CRISTA-SPAS-2 (STS-84) Eileen Marie Collins replaced Jerry Linenger on (STS-86) J. Bloomfield Michael replaced Michael Foale on crew members stayed for various and overlapping lengths of time. Mir * Discovery Columbia Atlantis Atlantis Columbia Discovery ** Flew up on Space Shuttle; remained in space aboard Russian *** Returned to Earth via Space Shuttle from Russian Soyuz TM-25 Feb. 10, 1997 Tsibliyev Vasily * Soyuz TM-24 returned to Earth on March 2, Spacecraft Date Launch CrewSpace Shuttle Feb. 11, 1997 Kenneth D. Bowersox Flight TimeSpace Shuttle Highlights 9:23:36 4, 1997 Apr. successfully performed second servicing Crew D. Halsell, Jr. James Space Shuttle 3:23:34 May 15, 1997 Crew deployed a Spacelab module configured as Charles J. Precourt 9:5:21 Sixth Shuttle mission to Space Shuttle July 1, 1997 James D. Halsell, Jr.Soyuz TM-26Space Shuttle 15:16:45 Aug. 5, 1997 Reflight of STS-83 and the same payload, the Solovyev Anatoly Aug. 7, 1997 Curtis L. Brown, Jr.Space Shuttle 11:20:27 * Sep. 25, 1997 Crew successfully deployed two payloads: Soyuz TM-25 returned to Earth on August 14, James D. Wetherbee 10:19:21 Seventh Shuttle docking with