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Corvus Cornix) UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI BIOTEHNIŠKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA GOZDARSTVO IN OBNOVLJIVE GOZDNE VIRE Klemen JANČAN SEZONSKO IN CIRKADIANO GIBANJE TER RABA PROSTORA MESTNIH IN PRIMESTNIH VRAN (CORVUS CORNIX) MAGISTRSKO DELO Magistrski študij – 2. stopnja Ljubljana, 2017 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI BIOTEHNIŠKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA GOZDARSTVO IN OBNOVLJIVE GOZDNE VIRE Klemen JANČAN SEZONSKO IN CIRKADIANO GIBANJE TER RABA PROSTORA MESTNIH IN PRIMESTNIH VRAN (CORVUS CORNIX) MAGISTRSKO DELO Magistrski študij – 2. stopnja SEASONAL AND CIRCADIAN MOVEMENTS AND SPACE USE OF HOODED CROWS (CORVUS CORNIX) IN (SUB)URBAN ENVIROMENT M. Sc. THESIS Master study Programmes Ljubljana, 2017 II Jančan K. Sezonsko in cirkadiano gibanje ter raba prostora mestnih in primestnih vran (Corvus cornix). Mag. delo. Ljubljana, Univ. v Lj., Biotehniška fakulteta, Odd. za gozdarstvo in obn. gozdne vire, 2017 Magistrsko delo je zaključek študija 2. stopnje univerzitetnega študija – magistrski študijski program Gozdarstvo in upravljanje gozdnih ekosistemov Biotehniške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani. Terensko delo je bilo opravljeno leta 2015 in 2016 na območju Mestne občine Ljubljana. Komisija za študijska in študentska vprašanja Oddelka za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire BF je dne 5. 2. 2015 sprejela temo in za mentorja magistrskega dela imenovala prof. dr. Klemna Jerino in za recenzenta prof. dr. Boštjana Pokornyja. Komisija za oceno in zagovor: Predsednik: Član: Član: Datum zagovora: Klemen JANČAN III Jančan K. Sezonsko in cirkadiano gibanje ter raba prostora mestnih in primestnih vran (Corvus cornix). Mag. delo. Ljubljana, Univ. v Lj., Biotehniška fakulteta, Odd. za gozdarstvo in obn. gozdne vire, 2017 KLJUČNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA INFORMACIJA ŠD Du2 DK GDK 151:148.2:922(Corvus cornix)(043.2)=163.6 siva vrana/telemetrija/območje aktivnosti/urbana krajina/raba KG prostora/prenočišča AV JANČAN, Klemen , dipl. inž. gozd. (UN) SA JERINA, Klemen (mentor) KZ SI-1000 Ljubljana, Večna pot 83 Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za gozdarstvo in ZA obnovljive gozdne vire , Magistrski študijski program 2. stopnje Gozdarstvo LI 2017 SEZONSKO IN CIRKADIANO GIBANJE TER RABA PROSTORA IN MESTNIH IN PRIMESTNIH VRAN (CORVUS CORNIX) TD Magistrsko delo (Magistrski študij - 2. stopnja) OP IX, 49 str., 3 pregl., 20 sl., 2 pril., 52 vir. IJ sl JI sl/en AI Poznavanje rabe prostora sivih vran (Corvus cornix) v mestnem in primestnem okolju je v Sloveniji in tudi drugod po svetu precej slabo raziskano. Ta znanja so ključnega pomena pri razumevanju ekologije in upravljanja vrste, saj v urbani krajini prihaja tudi do konfliktov vrste s prebivalci. V raziskavi smo želeli dobiti vpogled o sezonsko-cirkadianem ritmu devetih osebkov, od katerih sta bila 2 opremljena z GPS- sprejemnikoma, 7 osebkov pa smo opremili z VHF- oddajniki. Povprečna površina območja GPS telemetriranih vran je znašala 2320 ha, povprečna površina območja aktivnosti radijsko spremljanih vran pa 100 ha. Dodatno smo hoteli ugotoviti še, kakšni so vzorci gibanja pri gnezdečih oziroma teritorialnih osebkih in kakšni pri klateških. Po naših izkušnjah se je GPS telemetrija izkazala za bistveno bolj uporabno. Cirkadiana analiza je pokazala povečane jutranje in večerne premike in spremembe rabe prostora (prenočišča, dnevni habitati). Za en osebek lahko trdimo, da je gnezdilka, vendar se je tudi ta v ostalih letnih časih priključeval ostalim vranam in ravno tako uporabljal skupinska prenočišča. Za vse proučevane osebke lahko trdimo, da so bili precej teritorialno naravnani. Omeniti velja še Deponijo MOL, Zoološki vrt Ljubljana, sotočje Gradaščice v Ljubljanico in Športni park Svoboda, kjer so se številne spremljane vrane zadrževale in so zanje pomemben prehranski habitat. Potrjujemo socialno in prostorsko prilagodljivost sivih vran. IV Jančan K. Sezonsko in cirkadiano gibanje ter raba prostora mestnih in primestnih vran (Corvus cornix). Mag. delo. Ljubljana, Univ. v Lj., Biotehniška fakulteta, Odd. za gozdarstvo in obn. gozdne vire, 2017 KEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION DN Du2 DC FDC 151:148.2:922(Corvus cornix)(043.2)=163.6 CX Hooded crow/telemetry/home range/urban enviroment/habitat use/roosts AU JANČAN, Klemen AA JERINA, Klemen (supervisor) PP SI-1000 Ljubljana, Večna pot 83 University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical faculty, Department of forestry and PB renewable forest resources, Master Study Programme in Forestry PY 2017 SEASONAL AND CIRCADIAN MOVEMENTS AND SPACE USE OF TI HOODED CROWS (CORVUS CORNIX) IN (SUB)URBAN ENVIROMENT DT M. Sc. Thesis (Master Study Programmes) NO IX, 60 p., 3 tab., 20 fig., 2 ann., 52 ref. LA sl AL sl/en AB The knowledge of the space use of hooded crows (Corvus cornix) in urban and suburban environment is quite inadequately researched. This knowledge has a key role in understanding the ecology of the species, since conflicts with people could occur in urban landscapes. Crows, which are known as adaptable species, have well colonized cities. The aim of the research has been to obtain the insight into the season-circadian rhythm of 7 individuals, which were GPS and VHF telemetrically observed in area of MOL (Mestna Občina Ljubljana). In addition, moving patterns of nesting (or territorial) and non-territorial individuals were researched. The GPS telemetry was proven as more effective. Circadian analysis revealed morning and evening movements into narrow areas of activities. For one individual we could claim that is a nester, but also this one joined other crows in other seasons and used common overnight places. For all observed individuals could be claimed to have quiet territorial behaviour. Junkyard of MOL, Ljubljana ZOO, confluence of Gradaščica and Ljubljanica river and Športni park Svoboda should also be mentioned as areas, where observed crows stayed very often. According to the study a social and spatial adaptability of hooded crows could be confirmed. V Jančan K. Sezonsko in cirkadiano gibanje ter raba prostora mestnih in primestnih vran (Corvus cornix). Mag. delo. Ljubljana, Univ. v Lj., Biotehniška fakulteta, Odd. za gozdarstvo in obn. gozdne vire, 2017 KAZALO VSEBINE KLJUČNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA INFORMACIJA ..................................................... III KEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................... IV KAZALO VSEBINE ............................................................................................................... V KAZALO PREGLEDNIC ................................................................................................... VII KAZALO SLIK ................................................................................................................... VIII KAZALO PRILOG ................................................................................................................ IX 1 UVOD ................................................................................................................................ 1 2 NAMEN IN CILJI NALOGE ......................................................................................... 3 3 PREGLED LITERATURE ............................................................................................. 4 3.1 PREDSTAVITEV VRSTE ..................................................................................................... 4 3.1.1 Opis in razširjenost ................................................................................................. 4 3.1.2 Življenjski prostor .................................................................................................. 4 3.1.3 Prehrana .................................................................................................................. 5 3.1.4 Interakcije ............................................................................................................... 5 3.1.4.1 Interakcije z ostalimi živalmi ......................................................................... 5 3.1.4.2 Interakcije z ljudmi ......................................................................................... 5 3.1.5 Upravljanje z vrsto ................................................................................................. 6 3.2 PREGLED DOSEDANJIH OBJAV O SEZONSKEM IN CIRKADIANEM GIBANJU MESTNIH IN PRIMESTNIH VRAN ................................................................................................................... 6 4 METODE DELA ............................................................................................................ 13 4.1 OPIS OBMOČJA .............................................................................................................. 13 4.2 IZBOR ODLOVNE METODE .............................................................................................. 13 4.2.1 Avstralske kletke .................................................................................................. 13 4.2.2 Lindre ................................................................................................................... 14 4.3 OPREMLJANJE VRAN ...................................................................................................... 15 4.4 SPREMLJAVA ................................................................................................................. 16 4.5 OBDELAVA PODATKOV .................................................................................................. 17 5 REZULTATI .................................................................................................................. 18 5.1 USPEŠNOST ODLOVA ....................................................................................................
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